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asset</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: rail asset"> <meta name="keywords" content="rail asset"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="rail asset"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 668</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: rail asset</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">668</span> Developing Cyber Security Asset Mangement Framework for UK Rail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Kohli">Shruti Kohli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sophistication and pervasiveness of cyber-attacks are constantly growing, driven partly by technological progress, profitable applications in organized crime and state-sponsored innovation. The modernization of rail control systems has resulted in an increasing reliance on digital technology and increased the potential for security breaches and cyber-attacks. This research track showcases the need for developing a secure reusable scalable framework for enhancing cyber security of rail assets. A cyber security framework has been proposed that is being developed to detect the tell-tale signs of cyber-attacks against industrial assets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20security" title="cyber security">cyber security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset" title=" rail asset"> rail asset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20threat" title=" security threat"> security threat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20ontology" title=" cyber ontology"> cyber ontology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48915/developing-cyber-security-asset-mangement-framework-for-uk-rail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">667</span> Features of Rail Strength Analysis in Conditions of Increased Force Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Guramishvili">G. Guramishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Moistsrapishvili"> M. Moistsrapishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Andghuladze"> L. Andghuladze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the article are considered the problems arising at increasing of transferring from rolling stock axles on rail loading from 210 KN up to 270 KN and is offered for rail strength analysis definition of rail force loading complex integral characteristic with taking into account all affecting force factors that is characterizing specific operation condition of rail structure and defines the working capability of structure. As result of analysis due mentioned method is obtained that in the conditions of 270 KN loading the rail meets the working assessment criteria of rail and rail structures: Strength, rail track stability, rail links stability and its transverse stability, traffic safety condition that is rather important for post-Soviet countries railways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loading" title="axial loading">axial loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20force%20loading" title=" rail force loading"> rail force loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20structure" title=" rail structure"> rail structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20strength%20analysis" title=" rail strength analysis"> rail strength analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20track%20stability" title=" rail track stability"> rail track stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8609/features-of-rail-strength-analysis-in-conditions-of-increased-force-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">666</span> Impact Load Response of Light Rail Train Rail Guard</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyob%20Hundessa%20Gose">Eyob Hundessa Gose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, it is obviously known that the construction of different infrastructures is one measurement of the development of a country; infrastructures like buildings, bridges, roads, and railways are among them. In the capital city of Ethiopia, the so-called Addis Ababa, the Light Rail Train (LRT), was built Four years ago to satisfy the demand for transportation among the people in the city. The lane of the Train and vehicle separation Media was built with a curb and rail guard installation system to show the right-of-way and for protection of vehicles entering the Train Lane, but this Rail guard fails easily when impacted by vehicles and found that the impact load response of the Rail guard is weak and the Rail guard cannot withstand impact load. This study investigates the effect of variation of parameters such as vehicle speed and different mass effects and assesses the failure mode FRP and Steel reinforcement bar rail guards of deflection and damage state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20load" title="impact load">impact load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20reinforced%20polymer" title=" fiber reinforced polymer"> fiber reinforced polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20guard" title=" rail guard"> rail guard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS-DYNA" title=" LS-DYNA"> LS-DYNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183199/impact-load-response-of-light-rail-train-rail-guard" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">665</span> Vertical and Lateral Vibration Response for Corrugated Track Curves Supported on High-Density Polyethylene and Hytrel Rail Pads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.M.%20Balekwa">B.M. Balekwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.V.V.%20Kallon"> D.V.V. Kallon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.J.%20Fourie"> D.J. Fourie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modal analysis is applied to establish the dynamic difference between vibration response of the rails supported on High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Hytrel/6358 rail pads. The experiment was conducted to obtain the results in the form of Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) in the vertical and lateral directions. Three antiresonance modes are seen in the vertical direction; one occurs at about 150 Hz when the rail resting on the Hytrel/6358 pad experiences a force mid-span. For the rail resting on this type of rail pad, no antiresonance occurs when the force is applied on the point of the rail that is resting on the pad and directly on top of a sleeper. The two antiresonance modes occur in a frequency range of 250 – 300 Hz in the vertical direction for the rail resting on HDPE pads. At resonance, the rail vibrates with a higher amplitude, but at antiresonance, the rail transmits vibration downwards to the sleepers. When the rail is at antiresonance, the stiffness of the rail pads play a vital role in terms of damping the vertical vibration to protect the sleepers. From the FRFs it is understood that the Hytrel/6358 rail pads perform better than the HDPE in terms of vertical response, given that at a lower frequency range of 0 – 300 Hz only one antiresonance mode was identified for vertical vibration of the rail supported on Hytrel/6358. This means the rail is at antiresonance only once within this frequency range and this is the only time when vibration is transmitted downwards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerance" title="accelerance">accelerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRF" title=" FRF"> FRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20corrugation" title=" rail corrugation"> rail corrugation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20pad" title=" rail pad"> rail pad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125399/vertical-and-lateral-vibration-response-for-corrugated-track-curves-supported-on-high-density-polyethylene-and-hytrel-rail-pads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">664</span> The Effect of Surface Conditions on Wear of a Railway Wheel and Rail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Shebani">A. Shebani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Iwnicki"> S. Iwnicki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the nature of wheel and rail wear in the railway field is of fundamental importance to the safe and cost effective operation of the railways. Twin disc wear testing is used extensively for studying wear of wheel and rail materials. The University of Huddersfield twin disc rig was used in this paper to examine the effect of surface conditions on wheel and rail wear measurement under a range of wheel/rail contact conditions, with and without contaminants. This work focuses on an investigation of the effect of dry, wet, and lubricated conditions and the effect of contaminants such as sand on wheel and rail wear. The wheel and rail wear measurements were carried out by using a replica material and an optical profilometer that allows measurement of wear in difficult location with high accuracy. The results have demonstrated the rate at which both water and oil reduce wheel and rail wear. Scratches and other damage were seen on the wheel and rail surfaces after the addition of sand and consequently both wheel and rail wear damage rates increased under these conditions. This work introduced the replica material and an optical instrument as effective tools to study the effect of surface conditions on wheel and rail wear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20wheel%2Frail%20wear" title="railway wheel/rail wear">railway wheel/rail wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20conditions" title=" surface conditions"> surface conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twin%20disc%20test%20rig" title=" twin disc test rig"> twin disc test rig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replica%20material" title=" replica material"> replica material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicona%20profilometer" title=" Alicona profilometer"> Alicona profilometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47795/the-effect-of-surface-conditions-on-wear-of-a-railway-wheel-and-rail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">663</span> Degradation Model for UK Railway Drainage System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiqi%20Wu">Yiqi Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Tait"> Simon Tait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Nichols"> Andrew Nichols</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Management of UK railway drainage assets is challenging due to the large amounts of historical assets with long asset life cycles. A major concern for asset managers is to maintain the required performance economically and efficiently while complying with the relevant regulation and legislation. As the majority of the drainage assets are buried underground and are often difficult or costly to examine, it is important for asset managers to understand and model the degradation process in order to foresee the upcoming reduction in asset performance and conduct proactive maintenance accordingly. In this research, a Markov chain approach is used to model the deterioration process of rail drainage assets. The study is based on historical condition scores and characteristics of drainage assets across the whole railway network in England, Scotland, and Wales. The model is used to examine the effect of various characteristics on the probabilities of degradation, for example, the regional difference in probabilities of degradation, and how material and shape can influence the deterioration process for chambers, channels, and pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration" title="deterioration">deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markov%20models" title=" markov models"> markov models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability" title=" probability"> probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20drainage" title=" railway drainage"> railway drainage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103696/degradation-model-for-uk-railway-drainage-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">662</span> Choice of Sleeper and Rail Fastening Using Linear Programming Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciano%20Oliveira">Luciano Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsa%20V%C3%A1squez-Alvarez"> Elsa Vásquez-Alvarez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in rail freight transport in Brazil in recent years requires new railway lines and the maintenance of existing ones, which generates high costs for concessionaires. It is in this context that this work is inserted, whose objective is to propose a method that uses Binary Linear Programming for the choice of sleeper and rail fastening, from various options, including the way to apply these materials, with focus to minimize costs. Unit value information, the life cycle each of material type, and service expenses are considered. The model was implemented in commercial software using real data for its validation. The formulated model can be replicated to support decision-making for other railway projects in the choice of sleepers and rail fastening with lowest cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20programming" title="linear programming">linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20fastening" title=" rail fastening"> rail fastening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20sleeper" title=" rail sleeper"> rail sleeper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway" title=" railway"> railway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144639/choice-of-sleeper-and-rail-fastening-using-linear-programming-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">661</span> Rail Degradation Modelling Using ARMAX: A Case Study Applied to Melbourne Tram System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karimpour">M. Karimpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Elkhoury"> N. Elkhoury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Hitihamillage"> L. Hitihamillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Moridpour"> S. Moridpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hesami"> R. Hesami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a necessity among rail transportation authorities for a superior understanding of the rail track degradation overtime and the factors influencing rail degradation. They need an accurate technique to identify the time when rail tracks fail or need maintenance. In turn, this will help to increase the level of safety and comfort of the passengers and the vehicles as well as improve the cost effectiveness of maintenance activities. An accurate model can play a key role in prediction of the long-term behaviour of railroad tracks. An accurate model can decrease the cost of maintenance. In this research, the rail track degradation is predicted using an autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (ARMAX). An ARMAX has been implemented on Melbourne tram data to estimate the values for the tram track degradation. Gauge values and rail usage in Million Gross Tone (MGT) are the main parameters used in the model. The developed model can accurately predict the future status of the tram tracks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARMAX" title="ARMAX">ARMAX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20systems" title=" dynamic systems"> dynamic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MGT" title=" MGT"> MGT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20degradation" title=" rail degradation"> rail degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77370/rail-degradation-modelling-using-armax-a-case-study-applied-to-melbourne-tram-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">660</span> Rail-To-Rail Output Op-Amp Design with Negative Miller Capacitance Compensation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhaned%20Zaidi">Muhaned Zaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Grout"> Ian Grout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Khari%20bin%20A%E2%80%99ain"> Abu Khari bin A’ain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a two-stage op-amp design is considered using both Miller and negative Miller compensation techniques. The first op-amp design uses Miller compensation around the second amplification stage, whilst the second op-amp design uses negative Miller compensation around the first stage and Miller compensation around the second amplification stage. The aims of this work were to compare the gain and phase margins obtained using the different compensation techniques and identify the ability to choose either compensation technique based on a particular set of design requirements. The two op-amp designs created are based on the same two-stage rail-to-rail output CMOS op-amp architecture where the first stage of the op-amp consists of differential input and cascode circuits, and the second stage is a class AB amplifier. The op-amps have been designed using a 0.35mm CMOS fabrication process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=op-amp" title="op-amp">op-amp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail-to-rail%20output" title=" rail-to-rail output"> rail-to-rail output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miller%20compensation" title=" Miller compensation"> Miller compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negative%20Miller%20capacitance" title=" Negative Miller capacitance"> Negative Miller capacitance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58421/rail-to-rail-output-op-amp-design-with-negative-miller-capacitance-compensation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">659</span> Nonlinear Estimation Model for Rail Track Deterioration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karimpour">M. Karimpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Hitihamillage"> L. Hitihamillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Elkhoury"> N. Elkhoury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Moridpour"> S. Moridpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hesami"> R. Hesami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rail transport authorities around the world have been facing a significant challenge when predicting rail infrastructure maintenance work for a long period of time. Generally, maintenance monitoring and prediction is conducted manually. With the restrictions in economy, the rail transport authorities are in pursuit of improved modern methods, which can provide precise prediction of rail maintenance time and location. The expectation from such a method is to develop models to minimize the human error that is strongly related to manual prediction. Such models will help them in understanding how the track degradation occurs overtime under the change in different conditions (e.g. rail load, rail type, rail profile). They need a well-structured technique to identify the precise time that rail tracks fail in order to minimize the maintenance cost/time and secure the vehicles. The rail track characteristics that have been collected over the years will be used in developing rail track degradation prediction models. Since these data have been collected in large volumes and the data collection is done both electronically and manually, it is possible to have some errors. Sometimes these errors make it impossible to use them in prediction model development. This is one of the major drawbacks in rail track degradation prediction. An accurate model can play a key role in the estimation of the long-term behavior of rail tracks. Accurate models increase the track safety and decrease the cost of maintenance in long term. In this research, a short review of rail track degradation prediction models has been discussed before estimating rail track degradation for the curve sections of Melbourne tram track system using Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title="ANFIS">ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MGT" title=" MGT"> MGT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction%20modeling" title=" prediction modeling"> prediction modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20track%20degradation" title=" rail track degradation"> rail track degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77359/nonlinear-estimation-model-for-rail-track-deterioration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">658</span> Useful Lifetime Prediction of Rail Pads for High Speed Trains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Su%20Woo">Chang Su Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Sung%20Park"> Hyun Sung Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Useful lifetime evaluations of rail-pads were very important in design procedure to assure the safety and reliability. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a suitable criterion for the replacement period of rail pads. In this study, we performed properties and accelerated heat aging tests of rail pads considering degradation factors and all environmental conditions including operation, and then derived a lifetime prediction equation according to changes in hardness, thickness, and static spring constants in the Arrhenius plot to establish how to estimate the aging of rail pads. With the useful lifetime prediction equation, the lifetime of e-clip pads was 2.5 years when the change in hardness was 10% at 25°C; and that of f-clip pads was 1.7 years. When the change in thickness was 10%, the lifetime of e-clip pads and f-clip pads is 2.6 years respectively. The results obtained in this study to estimate the useful lifetime of rail pads for high speed trains can be used for determining the maintenance and replacement schedule for rail pads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20pads" title="rail pads">rail pads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20test" title=" accelerated test"> accelerated test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arrhenius%20plot" title=" Arrhenius plot"> Arrhenius plot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=useful%20lifetime%20prediction" title=" useful lifetime prediction"> useful lifetime prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20engineering%20design" title=" mechanical engineering design"> mechanical engineering design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3182/useful-lifetime-prediction-of-rail-pads-for-high-speed-trains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">657</span> An Approach to Manage and Evaluate Asset Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Saif%20Al-Saidi">Mohammed Saif Al-Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20P.%20T.%20Mo"> John P. T. Mo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern engineering assets are complex and very high in value. They are expected to function for years to come, with ability to handle the change in technology and ageing modification. The aging of an engineering asset and continues increase of vendors and contractors numbers forces the asset operation management (or Owner) to design an asset system which can capture these changes. Furthermore, an accurate performance measurement and risk evaluation processes are highly needed. Therefore, this paper explores the nature of the asset management system performance evaluation for an engineering asset based on the System Support Engineering (SSE) principles. The research work explores the asset support system from a range of perspectives, interviewing managers from across a refinery organisation. The factors contributing to complexity of an asset management system are described in context which clusters them into several key areas. It is proposed that SSE framework may then be used as a tool for analysis and management of asset. The paper will conclude with discussion of potential application of the framework and opportunities for future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20management" title="asset management">asset management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20engineering" title=" modern engineering"> modern engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=System%20Support%20Engineering%20%28SSE%29" title=" System Support Engineering (SSE) "> System Support Engineering (SSE) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1481/an-approach-to-manage-and-evaluate-asset-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">656</span> An Integer Nonlinear Program Proposal for Intermodal Transportation Service Network Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laaziz%20El%20Hassan">Laaziz El Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Service Network Design Problem (SNDP) is a tactical issue in freight transportation firms. The existing formulations of the problem for intermodal rail-road transportation were not always adapted to the intermodality in terms of full asset utilization and modal shift reinforcement. The objective of the article is to propose a model having a more compliant formulation with intermodality, including constraints highlighting the imperatives of asset management, reinforcing modal shift from road to rail and reducing, by the way, road mode CO2 emissions. The model is a fixed charged, path based integer nonlinear program. Its objective is to minimize services total cost while ensuring full assets utilization to satisfy freight demand forecast. The model's main feature is that it gives as output both the train sizes and the services frequencies for a planning period. We solved the program using a commercial solver and discussed the numerical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermodal%20transport%20network" title="intermodal transport network">intermodal transport network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20network%20design" title=" service network design"> service network design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20integer%20program" title=" nonlinear integer program"> nonlinear integer program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path-based" title=" path-based"> path-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20frequencies" title=" service frequencies"> service frequencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20shift" title=" modal shift"> modal shift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146976/an-integer-nonlinear-program-proposal-for-intermodal-transportation-service-network-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">655</span> Evaluation of Current Methods in Modelling and Analysis of Track with Jointed Rails</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Askarinejad">Hossein Askarinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manicka%20Dhanasekar"> Manicka Dhanasekar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In railway tracks, two adjacent rails are either welded or connected using bolted jointbars. In recent years the number of bolted rail joints is reduced by introduction of longer rail sections and by welding the rails at location of some joints. However, significant number of bolted rail joints remains in railways around the world as they are required to allow for rail thermal expansion or to provide electrical insulation in some sections of track. Regardless of the quality and integrity of the jointbar and bolt connections, the bending stiffness of jointbars is much lower than the rail generating large deflections under the train wheels. In addition, the gap or surface discontinuity on the rail running surface leads to generation of high wheel-rail impact force at the joint gap. These fundamental weaknesses have caused high rate of failure in track components at location of rail joints resulting in significant economic and safety issues in railways. The mechanical behavior of railway track at location of joints has not been fully understood due to various structural and material complexities. Although there have been some improvements in the methods for analysis of track at jointed rails in recent years, there are still uncertainties concerning the accuracy and reliability of the current methods. In this paper the current methods in analysis of track with a rail joint are critically evaluated and the new advances and recent research outcomes in this area are discussed. This research is part of a large granted project on rail joints which was defined by Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Rail Innovation with supports from Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) and Queensland Rail (QR). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jointed%20rails" title="jointed rails">jointed rails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20mechanics" title=" railway mechanics"> railway mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=track%20dynamics" title=" track dynamics"> track dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel-rail%20interaction" title=" wheel-rail interaction"> wheel-rail interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24008/evaluation-of-current-methods-in-modelling-and-analysis-of-track-with-jointed-rails" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">654</span> Structural and Microstructural Investigation into Causes of Rail Squat Defects and Their Correlation with White Etching Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Juboori">A. Al-Juboori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Wexler"> D. Wexler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Li"> H. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Zhu"> H. Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Lu"> C. Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20McCusker"> A. McCusker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20McLeod"> J. McLeod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pannila"> S. Pannila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Wang"> Z. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Squats are a type railhead defect related to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and are considered serious problem affecting a wide range of railway networks across the world. Squats can lead to partial or complete rail failure. Formation mechanics of squats on the surface of rail steel is still a matter of debate. In this work, structural and microstructural observations from ex-service damaged rail both confirms the phases present in white etching layer (WEL) regions and relationship between cracking in WEL and squat defect formation. XRD synchrotron results obtained from the top surfaces of rail regions containing both WEL and squat defects reveal that these regions contain both martensite and retained austenite. Microstructural analysis of these regions revealed the occurrence cracks extending from WEL down into the rail through the squat region. These findings obtained from field rail specimen support the view that WEL contains regions of austenite and martensitic transformation product, and that cracks in this brittle surface layer propagate deeper into the rail as squats originate and grow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squat" title="squat">squat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20etching%20layer" title=" white etching layer"> white etching layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20contact%20fatigue" title=" rolling contact fatigue"> rolling contact fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchrotron%20diffraction" title=" synchrotron diffraction"> synchrotron diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83593/structural-and-microstructural-investigation-into-causes-of-rail-squat-defects-and-their-correlation-with-white-etching-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">653</span> Establishment of Standardized Bill of Material for Korean Urban Rail Transit System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20E.%20Jung">J. E. Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Yang"> J. M. Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20W.%20Kim"> J. W. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The railway market across the world has been standardized with the globalization strategy of Europe. On the other hand, the Korean urban railway system is operated by 10 operators which have established their standards and independently managed BOMs. When operators manage different BOMs, lack of system compatibility prevents them from sharing information and hinders work linkage and efficiency. Europe launched a large-scale railway project in 1993 when the European Union went into effect. In particular, the recent standardization efforts of the EU-funded MODTRAIN project are similar to the approach of the urban rail system standardization research that is underway in Korea. This paper looks into the BOMs of Koran urban rail transit operators and suggests the standard BOM for the rail transit system in Korea by reviewing rail vehicle technologies and the MODTRAIN project of Europe. The standard BOM is structured up to the key device level or module level, and it allows vehicle manufacturers and component manufacturers to manage their lower-level BOMs and share them with each other and with operators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOM" title="BOM">BOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korean%20rail" title=" Korean rail"> Korean rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20rail" title=" urban rail"> urban rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardized" title=" standardized"> standardized</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67065/establishment-of-standardized-bill-of-material-for-korean-urban-rail-transit-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">652</span> Identifying Key Factors for Accidents’ Severity at Rail-Road Level Crossings Using Ordered Probit Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arefeh%20Lotfi">Arefeh Lotfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Babaei"> Mahdi Babaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayda%20Mashhadizadeh"> Ayda Mashhadizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Nikpour"> Samira Nikpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Bagheri"> Morteza Bagheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to investigate the key factors in accidents’ severity at rail-road level crossings. The data required for this study is obtained from both accident and inventory database of Iran Railways during 2009-2015. The Ordered Probit model is developed using SPSS software to identify the significant factors in the accident severity at rail-road level crossings. The results show that 'train speed', 'vehicle type' and 'weather' are the most important factors affecting the severity of the accident. The results of these studies assist to allocate resources in the right place. This paper suggests mandating the regulations to reduce train speed at rail-road level crossings in bad weather conditions to improve the safety of rail-road level crossings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail-road%20level%20crossing" title="rail-road level crossing">rail-road level crossing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20probit%20model" title=" ordered probit model"> ordered probit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accidents%E2%80%99%20severity" title=" accidents’ severity"> accidents’ severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=significant%20factors" title=" significant factors"> significant factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127904/identifying-key-factors-for-accidents-severity-at-rail-road-level-crossings-using-ordered-probit-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">651</span> Simulation the Stress Distribution of Wheel/Rail at Contact Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norie%20A.%20Akeel">Norie A. Akeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Sajuri"> Z. Sajuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Ariffin"> A. K. Ariffin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the effect of different loading analysis on crack initiation life of wheel/rail in the contact region. A simulated three dimensional (3D) elasto plastic model of a wheel/rail contact is modeled using the fine mesh technique in the contact region by using Finite Element Method FEM code ANSYS 11.0 software. Different loads of approximately from 70 to 140 KN was applied on the wheel tread through the running surface on the railhead surface to simulate stress distribution (Von Mises) and a life prediction of the crack initiation under rolling contact motion. Stress analysis is achieved and the fatigue life to the rail head surface is calculated numerically by using a multi-axial fatigue life of crack initiation model. All results obtained from the previous researches are compared with this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title="FEM">FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20contact" title=" rolling contact"> rolling contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20track" title=" rail track"> rail track</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20distribution" title=" stress distribution"> stress distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title=" fatigue life "> fatigue life </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24766/simulation-the-stress-distribution-of-wheelrail-at-contact-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">650</span> Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Inspection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinglu%20Nie">Xinglu Nie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feifei%20Tang"> Feifei Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuntao%20Wei"> Chuntao Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhimin%20Ruan"> Zhimin Ruan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qianhong%20Zhu"> Qianhong Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current method of manual-style inspection can not fully meet the requirement of the urban rail transit security in China. In this paper, an intelligent inspection method using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is utilized. A series of orthophoto of rail transit monitored area was collected by UAV, image correction and registration were operated among multi-phase images, then the change detection was used to detect the changes, judging the engineering activities and human activities that may become potential threats to the security of urban rail. Not only qualitative judgment, but also quantitative judgment of changes in the security control area can be provided by this method, which improves the objectives and efficiency of the patrol results. The No.6 line of Chongqing Municipality was taken as an example to verify the validation of this method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20transit" title="rail transit">rail transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20of%20protected%20areas" title=" control of protected areas"> control of protected areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20inspection" title=" intelligent inspection"> intelligent inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20detection" title=" change detection"> change detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76631/application-of-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-in-urban-rail-transit-intelligent-inspection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">649</span> Whether Asset Growth is Systematic Risk: Evidence from Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thitima%20Chaiyakul">Thitima Chaiyakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The number of previous literature regarding to the effect of asset growth and equity returns is small. Furthermore, those literature are mainly focus in the developed markets. According to my knowledge, there is no published paper examining the effect of asset growth and equity returns in the Stock Exchange of Thailand in different industry groups. The main objective in this research is the testing the effect of asset growth to equity returns in different industry groups. This study employs the data of the listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand during January 1996 and December 2014. The data of financial industry are exclude from this study due to the different meaning of accounting terms. The results show the supported evidence that the asset growth positively affects the equity returns at a statistically significance level of at least 5% in Agro& Food Industry, Industrials, and Services Industry Groups. These results are inconsistent with the previous research testing in developed markets. Nevertheless, the statistically significances of the effect of asset growth to equity returns appear in some cases. In summary, the asset growth is a non-systematic risk and it is a mispricing factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20growth" title="asset growth">asset growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20pricing" title=" asset pricing"> asset pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity%20returns" title=" equity returns"> equity returns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38000/whether-asset-growth-is-systematic-risk-evidence-from-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">648</span> The Rail Traffic Management with Usage of C-OTDR Monitoring Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20V.%20Timofeev">Andrey V. Timofeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20V.%20Egorov"> Dmitry V. Egorov </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents development results of usage of C-OTDR monitoring systems for rail traffic management. The C-OTDR method is based on vibrosensitive properties of optical fibers. Analysis of Rayleigh backscattering radiation parameters changes which take place due to microscopic seismoacoustic impacts on the optical fiber allows to determine seismoacoustic emission source positions and to identify their types. This approach proved successful for rail traffic management (moving block system, weigh- in-motion system etc). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-OTDR%20systems" title="C-OTDR systems">C-OTDR systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20block-sections" title=" moving block-sections"> moving block-sections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20traffic%20management" title=" rail traffic management"> rail traffic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20backscattering" title=" Rayleigh backscattering"> Rayleigh backscattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weigh-in-motion" title=" weigh-in-motion"> weigh-in-motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26086/the-rail-traffic-management-with-usage-of-c-otdr-monitoring-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">647</span> Scaling Strategy of a New Experimental Rig for Wheel-Rail Contact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meysam%20Naeimi">Meysam Naeimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zili%20Li"> Zili Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rolf%20Dollevoet"> Rolf Dollevoet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new small–scale test rig developed for rolling contact fatigue (RCF) investigations in wheel–rail material. This paper presents the scaling strategy of the rig based on dimensional analysis and mechanical modelling. The new experimental rig is indeed a spinning frame structure with multiple wheel components over a fixed rail-track ring, capable of simulating continuous wheel-rail contact in a laboratory scale. This paper describes the dimensional design of the rig, to derive its overall scaling strategy and to determine the key elements’ specifications. Finite element (FE) modelling is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the rig with two sample scale factors of 1/5 and 1/7. The results of FE models are compared with the actual railway system to observe the effectiveness of the chosen scales. The mechanical properties of the components and variables of the system are finally determined through the design process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20test%20rig" title="new test rig">new test rig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20contact%20fatigue" title=" rolling contact fatigue"> rolling contact fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail" title=" rail"> rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20scale" title=" small scale"> small scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18987/scaling-strategy-of-a-new-experimental-rig-for-wheel-rail-contact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">646</span> Development of a Complete Single Jet Common Rail Injection System Gas Dynamic Model for Hydrogen Fueled Engine with Port Injection Feeding System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Kamil">Mohammed Kamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Rahman"> M. M. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20A.%20Bakar"> Rosli A. Bakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modeling of hydrogen fueled engine (H<sub>2</sub>ICE) injection system is a very important tool that can be used for explaining or predicting the effect of advanced injection strategies on combustion and emissions. In this paper, a common rail injection system (CRIS) is proposed for 4-strokes 4-cylinders hydrogen fueled engine with port injection feeding system (PIH<sub>2</sub>ICE). For this system, a numerical one-dimensional gas dynamic model is developed considering single injection event for each injector per a cycle. One-dimensional flow equations in conservation form are used to simulate wave propagation phenomenon throughout the CR (accumulator). Using this model, the effect of common rail on the injection system characteristics is clarified. These characteristics include: rail pressure, sound velocity, rail mass flow rate, injected mass flow rate and pressure drop across injectors. The interaction effects of operational conditions (engine speed and rail pressure) and geometrical features (injector hole diameter) are illustrated; and the required compromised solutions are highlighted. The CRIS is shown to be a promising enhancement for PIH<sub>2</sub>ICE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20rail" title="common rail">common rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20engine" title=" hydrogen engine"> hydrogen engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=port%20injection" title=" port injection"> port injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20propagation" title=" wave propagation"> wave propagation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50304/development-of-a-complete-single-jet-common-rail-injection-system-gas-dynamic-model-for-hydrogen-fueled-engine-with-port-injection-feeding-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">645</span> Numerical Investigation of the Electromagnetic Common Rail Injector Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Sochaczewski">Rafal Sochaczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ksenia%20Siadkowska"> Ksenia Siadkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tytus%20Tulwin"> Tytus Tulwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes the modeling of a fuel injector for common rail systems. A one-dimensional model of a solenoid-valve-controlled injector with Valve Closes Orifice (VCO) spray was modelled in the AVL Hydsim. This model shows the dynamic phenomena that occur in the injector. The accuracy of the calibration, based on a regulation of the parameters of the control valve and the nozzle needle lift, was verified by comparing the numerical results of injector flow rate. Our model is capable of a precise simulation of injector operating parameters in relation to injection time and fuel pressure in a fuel rail. As a result, there were made characteristics of the injector flow rate and backflow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20rail" title="common rail">common rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title=" diesel engine"> diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20injector" title=" fuel injector"> fuel injector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81591/numerical-investigation-of-the-electromagnetic-common-rail-injector-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">644</span> Investigating the Dynamic Response of the Ballast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Brinji">Osama Brinji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wing%20Kong%20Chiu"> Wing Kong Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Tew"> Graham Tew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the stability of rail ballast is one of the most important aspects in the railways. An unstable track may cause some issues such as unnecessary vibration and ultimately loss of track quality. The track foundation plays an important role in the stabilization of the railway. The dynamic response of rail ballast in the vicinity of the rail sleeper can affect the stability of the rail track and this has not been studied in detail. A review of literature showed that most of the works focused on the area under the concrete sleeper. Although there are some theories about the shear (longitudinal) effect of the rail ballast, these have not properly been studied and hence are not well understood. The stability of a rail track will depend on the compactness of the ballast in its vicinity. This paper will try to determine the dynamic response of the ballast to identify its resonant behaviour. This preliminary research is one of several studies that examine the vibration response of the granular materials. The main aim is to use this information for future design of sleepers to ensure that any dynamic response of the sleeper will not compromise the state of compactness of the ballast. This paper will report on the dependence of damping and the natural frequency of the ballast as a function of depth and distance from the point of excitation introduced through a concrete block. The concrete block is used to simulate a sleeper and the ballast is simulated with gravel. In spite of these approximations, the results presented in the paper will show an agreement with theories and the assumptions that are used in study the mechanical behaviour of the rail ballast. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballast" title="ballast">ballast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response" title=" dynamic response"> dynamic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleeper" title=" sleeper"> sleeper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35116/investigating-the-dynamic-response-of-the-ballast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">643</span> Increasing Productivity through Lean Manufacturing Principles and Tools: A Successful Rail Welding Plant Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Faria">T. A. Faria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20C.%20Toniolo"> C. C. Toniolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20F.%20Ribeiro"> L. F. Ribeiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to satisfy the costumer’s needs, many sectors of industry and services has been spending major effort to make its processes more efficient. Facing a situation, when its production cannot cover the demand, the traditional way to achieve the production required involves, mostly, adding shifts, workforce, or even more machines. This paper narrates how lean manufacturing supported a dramatic increase of productivity at a rail welding plant in Brazil in order to meet the demand for the next years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title="productivity">productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20manufacturing" title=" lean manufacturing"> lean manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20welding" title=" rail welding"> rail welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20stream%20mapping" title=" value stream mapping"> value stream mapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54348/increasing-productivity-through-lean-manufacturing-principles-and-tools-a-successful-rail-welding-plant-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">642</span> Economic Growth and Total Factor Productivity by the Use of Rail Way Transport in the City of Medellín - Colombia in the Period 2012-2016</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20Molina">Mauricio Molina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research project aims to determine whether it is possible to have a statement, allowing you to have an economic model to establish clearly if the population that uses the rail system underground in the city of Medellin with an increase in productivity total factor. The present project aims to concentrate on the surroundings to the system underground for a period of 60 months in the city of Medellin. According to the review bibliographic is can establish that in it most of them cases, the cities that have with systems of transport rail are more productive. And should to its time present is an analysis that may lead to determine if effectively the use of the transport railway improves the productivity of a city and its inhabitants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20urban" title=" mobility urban"> mobility urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20factor%20productivity" title=" total factor productivity"> total factor productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20transport" title=" rail transport"> rail transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68730/economic-growth-and-total-factor-productivity-by-the-use-of-rail-way-transport-in-the-city-of-medellin-colombia-in-the-period-2012-2016" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">641</span> Enabling the Physical Elements of a Pedestrian Friendly District around a Rail Station for Supporting Transit Oriented Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dyah%20Titisari%20Widyastuti">Dyah Titisari Widyastuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rail-station area development that is based on the concept of TOD (Transit Oriented Development) is principally oriented to pedestrian accessibility for daily mobility. The aim of this research is elaborating how far the existing physical elements of a rail-station district could facilitate pedestrian mobility and establish a pedestrian friendly district toward implementation of a TOD concept. This research was conducted through some steps: (i) mapping the rail-station area pedestrian sidewalk and pedestrian network as well as activity nodes and transit nodes, (ii) assessing the level of pedestrian sidewalk connectivity joining trip origin and destination. The research area coverage in this case is limited to walking distance of the rail station (around 500 meters or 10-15 minutes walking). The findings of this research on the current condition of the street and pedestrian sidewalk network and connectivity, show good preference for the foot modal share (more than 50%) is achieved. Nevertheless, it depends on the distance from the trip origin to destination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility%20of%20daily%20mobility" title="accessibility of daily mobility">accessibility of daily mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian-friendly%20district" title=" pedestrian-friendly district"> pedestrian-friendly district</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail-station%20district" title=" rail-station district"> rail-station district</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transit%20oriented%20development" title=" transit oriented development"> transit oriented development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72883/enabling-the-physical-elements-of-a-pedestrian-friendly-district-around-a-rail-station-for-supporting-transit-oriented-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">640</span> Condition Assessment of State-Owned Immovable Assets in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collen%20Maseloane">Collen Maseloane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Cloete"> Chris Cloete</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the status of building condition assessments of state-owned immovable assets in South Africa. A stratified random sample of 200 (out of 372) personnel was drawn from the eight rele-vant business units of the Department of Public Works (DPW). A questionnaire comprising open-ended questions was distributed to the sampled participants and a total of 139 completed questionnaires were received. A significant number of state asset properties were found to be in poor condition owing to the asset managers’ inability to access automated information on the conditions of assets. It is recommended that the immovable asset register of the Department requires constant enhancement to update information on the condition of each state-owned immovable asset under its custodianship. Implementation of the proposals should contribute to the maintenance of the value of state assets in South Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20condition%20assessment" title="building condition assessment">building condition assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immovable%20asset%20register" title=" immovable asset register"> immovable asset register</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20asset%20management" title=" life cycle asset management"> life cycle asset management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20works" title=" public works"> public works</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151098/condition-assessment-of-state-owned-immovable-assets-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">639</span> Development of Graph-Theoretic Model for Ranking Top of Rail Lubricants </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhash%20Chandra%20Sharma">Subhash Chandra Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Soleimani"> Mohammad Soleimani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selection of the correct lubricant for the top of rail application is a complex process. In this paper, the selection of the proper lubricant for a Top-Of-Rail (TOR) lubrication system based on graph theory and matrix approach has been developed. Attributes influencing the selection process and their influence on each other has been represented through a digraph and an equivalent matrix. A matrix function which is called the Permanent Function is derived. By substituting the level of inherent contribution of the influencing parameters and their influence on each other qualitatively, a criterion called Suitability Index is derived. Based on these indices, lubricants can be ranked for their suitability. The proposed model can be useful for maintenance engineers in selecting the best lubricant for a TOR application. The proposed methodology is illustrated step–by-step through an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lubricant%20selection" title="lubricant selection">lubricant selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top%20of%20rail%20lubrication" title=" top of rail lubrication"> top of rail lubrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph-theory" title=" graph-theory"> graph-theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranking%20of%20lubricants" title=" Ranking of lubricants"> Ranking of lubricants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51856/development-of-graph-theoretic-model-for-ranking-top-of-rail-lubricants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=22">22</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=23">23</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20asset&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> 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