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GABA (A) receptor</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: epilepsy GABA (A) receptor"> <meta name="keywords" content="epilepsy GABA (A) receptor"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="epilepsy GABA (A) receptor"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 601</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: epilepsy GABA (A) receptor</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">601</span> Enhancement Effect of Compound 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid from Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) Shoots on α1β2γ2S of GABA (A) Receptor Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes- Preliminary Study on Its Anti-Epileptic Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal">Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20Jane%20Llyod"> Amelia Jane Llyod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad"> Habsah Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Hui%20Wong"> Jia Hui Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafri%20Malin%20Abdullah"> Jafri Malin Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingli%20Zhang"> Jingli Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is one of the major brain afflictions occurs with uncontrolled excitation of cortex; disturbed 50 million of world’s population. About 25 percent of patients subjected to adverse effects from antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as depression, nausea, tremors, gastrointestinal symptoms, osteoporosis, dizziness, weight change, drowsiness, fatigue are commonly observed indications; therefore, new drugs are required to cure epilepsy. GABA is principle inhibitory neurotransmitter, control excitation of the brain. Mutation or dysfunction of GABA receptor is one of the primary causes of epilepsy, which is confirmed from many acquired models of epilepsy like traumatic brain injury, kindling, and status epilepticus models of epilepsy. GABA receptor has 3 distinct types such as GABA (A), GABA (B), GABA(C).GABA (A) receptor has 20 different subunits, α1β2γ2 subunits composition of GABA (A) receptor is the most used combination of subunits for screening of compounds against epilepsy. We expressed α1β2γ2s subunits of GABA (A) Receptor in Xenopus leavis oocytes and examined the enhancement potential of 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid compound on GABA (A) receptor via two-electrode voltage clamp current recording technique. Bamboo shoots are the young, tender offspring of bamboo, which are usually harvested after a cultivating period of 2 weeks. Proteins, acids, fat, starch, carbohydrate, fatty acid, vitamin, dietary fiber, and minerals are the major constituent found systematically in bamboo shoots. These shoots reported to have anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial activity, also possess antioxidant properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Student t-test analysis suggested that 4- hydroxybenzoic acid positively allosteric GABA (A) receptor, increased normalized current amplitude to 1.0304±0.0464(p value 0.032) compared with vehicle. 4-Hydrobenzoic acid, a compound from Dendrocalamus Asper bamboo shoot gives new insights for future studies on bamboo shoots with motivation for extraction of more compounds to investigate their effects on human and rodents against epilepsy, insomnia, and anxiety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32S" title="α1β2γ2S">α1β2γ2S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiepileptic" title=" antiepileptic"> antiepileptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo%20shoots" title=" bamboo shoots"> bamboo shoots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy%20GABA%20%28A%29%20receptor" title=" epilepsy GABA (A) receptor"> epilepsy GABA (A) receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-microelectrode%20voltage%20clamp" title=" two-microelectrode voltage clamp"> two-microelectrode voltage clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenopus%20laevis%20oocytes" title=" xenopus laevis oocytes"> xenopus laevis oocytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38143/enhancement-effect-of-compound-4-hydroxybenzoic-acid-from-petung-bamboo-dendrocalamus-asper-shoots-on-a1v2gh2s-of-gaba-a-receptor-expressed-in-xenopus-laevis-oocytes-preliminary-study-on-its-anti-epileptic-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">600</span> Capsaicin Derivatives Enhanced Activity of α1β2γ2S-Aminobutyric Acid Type a Receptor Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20H.%20Wong">Jia H. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingli%20Zhang"> Jingli Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad"> Habsah Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iswatun%20H.%20Abdullah%20Ripain"> Iswatun H. Abdullah Ripain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal"> Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20J.%20Lloyd"> Amelia J. Lloyd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20A.%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Abdul A. Mohamed Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafri%20M.%20Abdullah"> Jafri M. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting more than 50 million of people worldwide. Epilepsy is a state of recurrent, spontaneous seizures with multiple syndromes and symptoms of different causes of brain dysfunction, prognosis, and treatments; characterized by transient, occasional and stereotyped interruptions of behavior whereby the excitatory-inhibitory activities within the central nervous system (CNS) are thrown out of balance due to various kinds of interferences. The goal of antiepileptic treatment is to enable patients to be free from seizures or to achieve control of seizures through surgical treatment and/or pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy through AED plays an important role especially in countries with epilepsy treatment gap due to costs and availability of health facilities, skills and resources, yet there are about one-third of the people with epilepsy have drug-resistant seizures. Hence, this poses considerable challenges to the healthcare system and the effort in providing cost-effective treatment as well as the search for alternatives to treatment and management of epilepsy. Enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission is one of the key mechanisms of actions of antiepileptic drugs. GABA type > a receptors (GABAAR) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate rapid inhibitory neurotransmission upon the binding of GABA with a heteropentameric structure forming a central pore that is permeable to the influx of chloride ions in its activated state. The major isoform of GABAA receptors consists of two α1, two β2, and one γ2 subunit. It is the most abundantly expressed combinations in the brain and the most commonly researched through Xenopus laevis oocytes. With the advancing studies on ethnomedicine and traditional treatments using medicinal plants, increasing evidence reveal that spice and herb plants with medicinal properties play an important role in the treatment of ailments within communities across different cultures. Capsaicin is the primary natural capsaicinoid in hot peppers of plant genus Capsicum, consist of an aromatic ring, an amide linkage and a hydrophobic side chain. The study showed that capsaicins conferred neuroprotection in status epilepticus mouse models through anti-ictogenic, hypothermic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, five capsaicin derivatives were tested for their ability to increase the GABA-induced chloride current on α1β2γ2S of GABAAR expressed on Xenopus laevis oocytes using the method of two-microelectrode voltage clamp. Two of the capsaicin derivatives, IS5 (N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylbutyramide) and IS10 (N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-decanamide) at a concentration of 30µM were able to significantly increase the GABA-induced chloride current with p=0.002 and p=0.026 respectively. This study were able to show the enhancement effect of two capsaicin derivatives with moderate length of hydrocarbon chain on this receptor subtype, revealing the promising inhibitory activity of capsaicin derivatives through enhancement of GABA-induced chloride current and further investigations should be carried out to verify its antiepileptic effects in animal models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32%20GABAA%20receptors" title="α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors">α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32S" title=" α1β2γ2S"> α1β2γ2S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiepileptic" title=" antiepileptic"> antiepileptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsaicin%20derivatives" title=" capsaicin derivatives"> capsaicin derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-microelectrode%20voltage%20clamp" title=" two-microelectrode voltage clamp"> two-microelectrode voltage clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xenopus%20laevis%20oocytes" title=" Xenopus laevis oocytes"> Xenopus laevis oocytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38140/capsaicin-derivatives-enhanced-activity-of-a1v2gh2s-aminobutyric-acid-type-a-receptor-expressed-in-xenopus-laevis-oocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">599</span> The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Metabolism in Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Plant Exposed to Drought and Salt Stresses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazilet%20%C3%96zlem%20%C3%87eki%C3%A7">Fazilet Özlem Çekiç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyda%20Y%C4%B1lmaz"> Seyda Yılmaz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity and drought are important environmental problems in the world and have negative effects on plant metabolism. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool. GABA is widely distributed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Environmental stress factors increase GABA accumulation in plants. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA) on GABA metabolism system during drought and salt stress factors in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants. GABA, Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, chlorophyll, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) analyses were determined. According to our results we can suggest that GA play a role in GABA metabolism during salt and drought stresses in bean plants. Also GABA shunt is an important metabolic pathway and key signaling allowing to adapt to drought and salt stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gibberellic%20acid" title="gibberellic acid">gibberellic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GABA" title=" GABA"> GABA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phaseolus%20vulgaris%20L." title=" Phaseolus vulgaris L."> Phaseolus vulgaris L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought "> drought </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16184/the-effect-of-gibberellic-acid-on-gamma-aminobutyric-acid-gaba-metabolism-in-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-plant-exposed-to-drought-and-salt-stresses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">598</span> Cannabis for the Treatment of Drug Resistant Epilepsy in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20E.%20Casey">Sarah E. Casey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in children and approximately one-third of children with epilepsy have seizures that are uncontrolled on anticonvulsants alone. Cannabidiol is shown to be an effective treatment at reducing the amount of breakthrough seizures experienced by children with drug resistant epilepsy. Improvements in quality of life and overall condition were noted during cannabidiol treatment. Adverse side effects were experienced and were generally mild to moderate in nature. Additional double-blind, controlled studies with a more diverse sample population and standardized dosing are needed to ensure the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol use in children with drug resistant epilepsy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis" title="cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20resistant%20epilepsy" title=" drug resistant epilepsy"> drug resistant epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140303/cannabis-for-the-treatment-of-drug-resistant-epilepsy-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">597</span> Schiff Bases of Isatin and Admantane-1-Carbohydrazide: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticonvulsant Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hind%20O.%20Osman">Hind O. Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tilal%20Elsaman"> Tilal Elsaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20A.%20Yousef"> Bashir A. Yousef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esraa%20Elhadi"> Esraa Elhadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aimun%20A.%20E.%20Ahmed"> Aimun A. E. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyman%20Mohamed%20Eltayib"> Eyman Mohamed Eltayib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Suliman%20Mohamed"> Malik Suliman Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdi%20Awadalla%20Mohamed"> Magdi Awadalla Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition and cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. In the present study, the molecular hybridization tool was adopted to obtain six Schiﬀ bases of isatin and adamantane-1-carbohydrazide (18–23). Then, their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using a pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced seizure model using phenobarbitone as a positive control. Our ﬁndings showed that compounds 18–23 provided signiﬁcant protection against PTZ-induced seizure, and maximum activities were associated with compound 23. Moreover, all investigated compounds increased the latency of induced convulsion and reduced the duration of epilepsy, with compound 23 being the best. Interestingly, most of the synthesized molecules showed a reduction in neurological symptoms and severity of the seizure. Molecular docking studies suggest GABA-A receptor as a potential target, and in silico ADME screening revealed that the pharmaceutical properties of compound 23 are within the speciﬁed limit. Thus, compound 23 was identified as a promising candidate that warrants further drug discovery processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isatin%20and%20adamantane" title="isatin and adamantane">isatin and adamantane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticonvulsant%20activity" title=" anticonvulsant activity"> anticonvulsant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTZ-induced%20seizure" title=" PTZ-induced seizure"> PTZ-induced seizure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145055/schiff-bases-of-isatin-and-admantane-1-carbohydrazide-synthesis-characterization-and-anticonvulsant-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">596</span> Understanding Parental Style and Its Effect on the Wellbeing of Adolescents with Epilepsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthy%20Vinayakam">Arthy Vinayakam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilda%20Judith%20Ezhil%20Rajan"> Emilda Judith Ezhil Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adolescents with epilepsy living in developing country like India face many difficulties on stigma towards the disease. The psychological wellbeing of adolescents who are living with epilepsy has a varied influence on their daily activities and decision-making. Parental involvement with adolescents has always been a subject of caution. The dynamics in adolescents with epilepsy is much varied as their parental aspects has been known to have an impact on their education, socialization and wellbeing. The current study aims to identify the effect of parental styles, how they tend to effect the perception of self-concept that relate to the stigma in adolescents with epilepsy. A sample of 30 adolescents with epilepsy and their parents were taken; a control group of 30 adolescents and their parents were also taken. The General Health Questionnaire -12 was used as a screening for both groups to be included in the study. Parents were evaluated with Parenting Practices Questionnaire (PPQ). Adolescents were administered the Epilepsy Stigma Scale (ESS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSS) and Adolescent Wellbeing Scale (AWS). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study highlight the challenges of both parent and their influence on adolescent’s wellbeing. The findings also establish the impact of parenting style on the stigma in adolescents having epilepsy and how this influences their self-concept whereby their emotional strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title="epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parenting%20style" title=" parenting style"> parenting style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing" title=" wellbeing"> wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88243/understanding-parental-style-and-its-effect-on-the-wellbeing-of-adolescents-with-epilepsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> The Effect of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid on Mechanical Properties, Water Vapor Permeability and Solubility of Pectin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitrawadee%20Meerasri">Jitrawadee Meerasri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rungsinee%20Sothornvit"> Rungsinee Sothornvit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pectin is a structural polysaccharide from plant cell walls and can be used as a stabilizer, gelling and film-forming agents to improve many food products. Moreover, pectin film as a natural biopolymer can be a carrier of several active ingredients such as antioxidant and antimicrobial to provide an active or functional film. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a well-known agent to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system and it is interesting to investigate the GABA effect as a substitute of normal plasticizer (glycerol) on edible film properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of GABA concentrations (5-15% of pectin) on film mechanical properties, moisture content, water vapor permeability, and solubility compared with those from glycerol (10% of pectin) plasticized pectin film including a control film (pectin film without any plasticizer). It was found that an increase in GABA concentrations decreased film tensile strength, modulus, solubility and water vapor permeability, but elongation was increased without a change in the moisture content. The smaller amount of GABA showed the equivalent film properties as using a higher amount of glycerol. Consequently, GABA can act as an alternative plasticizer substitute of glycerol at the lower amount used. Moreover, GABA provides the nutritional high value in the food products when the edible packaging material is consumed with products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-aminobutyric%20acid" title="gamma-aminobutyric acid">gamma-aminobutyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectin" title=" pectin"> pectin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticizer" title=" plasticizer"> plasticizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20film" title=" edible film"> edible film</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83511/the-effect-of-gamma-aminobutyric-acid-on-mechanical-properties-water-vapor-permeability-and-solubility-of-pectin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> Effect of a GABA/5-HTP Mixture on Behavioral Changes and Biomodulation in an Invertebrate Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungae%20Jo">Kyungae Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Young%20Kim"> Eun Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungsoo%20Shin"> Byungsoo Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Soon%20Shin"> Kwang Soon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Joo%20Suh"> Hyung Joo Suh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) are amino acids of digested nutrients or food ingredients and these can possibly be utilized as non-pharmacologic treatment for sleep disorder. We previously investigated the GABA/5-HTP mixture is the principal concept of sleep-promoting and activity-repressing management in nervous system of D. melanogaster. Two experiments in this study were designed to evaluate sleep-promoting effect of GABA/5-HTP mixture, to clarify the possible ratio of sleep-promoting action in the Drosophila invertebrate model system. Behavioral assays were applied to investigate distance traveled, velocity, movement, mobility, turn angle, angular velocity and meander of two amino acids and GABA/5-HTP mixture with caffeine treated flies. In addition, differentially expressed gene (DEG) analyses from next generation sequencing (NGS) were applied to investigate the signaling pathway and functional interaction network of GABA/5-HTP mixture administration. GABA/5-HTP mixture resulted in significant differences between groups related to behavior (p < 0.01) and significantly induced locomotor activity in the awake model (p < 0.05). As a result of the sequencing, the molecular function of various genes has relationship with motor activity and biological regulation. These results showed that GABA/5-HTP mixture administration significantly involved the inhibition of motor behavior. In this regard, we successfully demonstrated that using a GABA/5-HTP mixture modulates locomotor activity to a greater extent than single administration of each amino acid, and that this modulation occurs via the neuronal system, neurotransmitter release cycle and transmission across chemical synapses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title="sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-aminobutyric%20acid" title=" γ-aminobutyric acid"> γ-aminobutyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-hydroxytryptophan" title=" 5-hydroxytryptophan"> 5-hydroxytryptophan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drosophila%20melanogaster" title=" Drosophila melanogaster"> Drosophila melanogaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49971/effect-of-a-gaba5-htp-mixture-on-behavioral-changes-and-biomodulation-in-an-invertebrate-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">593</span> Surface Enhanced Raman Substrate Detection on the Structure of γ-Aminobutyric Acid(GABA) Connected with Modified Gold-Chitosan Nanoparticles by Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingjie%20Wang">Bingjie Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Yeon%20Kwon"> Su-Yeon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ik-Joong%20Kang"> Ik-Joong Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) as the principle for enhancing Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures is used to detect the concentration change of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). As for the gold-chitosan nanoshell, it is made by using chitosan nanoparticles crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate(TPP) for the first step to form the chitosan nanoparticles, which would be covered with the gold sequentially. The size of the fabricated product was around 100nm. Based on the method that the sulfur end of the MPA linked to gold can form the very strong S–Au bond, and the carboxyl group, the other end of the MPA, can easily absorb the GABA. GABA is the mainly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system in the human body. It plays such significant role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. When the system formed, it generated SERS, which made a clear difference in the intensity of Raman scattering within the range of GABA concentration. So it is obtained from the experiment that the calibration curve according to the GABA concentration relevant with the SERS scattering. In this study, DLS, SEM, FT-IR, UV, SERS were used to analyze the products to obtain the conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan-gold%20nanoshell" title="chitosan-gold nanoshell">chitosan-gold nanoshell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercaptopropionic%20acid" title=" mercaptopropionic acid"> mercaptopropionic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-aminobutyric%20acid" title=" γ-aminobutyric acid"> γ-aminobutyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-enhanced%20Raman%20scattering" title=" surface-enhanced Raman scattering"> surface-enhanced Raman scattering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54664/surface-enhanced-raman-substrate-detection-on-the-structure-of-gh-aminobutyric-acidgaba-connected-with-modified-gold-chitosan-nanoparticles-by-mercaptopropionic-acid-mpa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">592</span> Differential Expression of GABA and Its Signaling Components in Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Pathogenesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surbhi%20Aggarwal">Surbhi Aggarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaishree%20Paul"> Jaishree Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Role of GABA has been implicated in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, type1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis where they modulate the immune response but role in gut inflammation has not been defined. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and diarrhoeal predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) both involve inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. UC is a chronic, relapsing and idiopathic inflammation of gut. IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by abdominal pain, discomfort and alternating bowel habits. Mild inflammation is known to occur in IBS-D. Aim: Aim of this study was to investigate the role of GABA in UC as well as in IBS-D. Materials and methods: Blood and biopsy samples from UC, IBS-D and controls were collected. ELISA was used for measuring level of GABA in serum of UC, IBS-D and controls. RT-PCR analysis was done to determine GABAergic signal system in colon biopsy of UC, IBS-D and controls. RT-PCR was done to check the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. CurveExpert 1.4, Graphpad prism-6 software were used for data analysis. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired, two-way student`s t-test. All sets of data were represented as mean± SEM. A probability level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results and conclusion: Significantly decreased level of GABA and altered GABAergic signal system was detected in UC and IBS-D as compared to controls. Significantly increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines was also determined in UC and IBS-D as compared to controls. Hence we conclude that insufficient level of GABA in UC and IBS-D leads to overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines which further contributes to inflammation. GABA may be used as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of gut inflammation or other inflammatory diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarrheal%20predominant%20irritable%20bowel%20syndrome" title="diarrheal predominant irritable bowel syndrome">diarrheal predominant irritable bowel syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-aminobutyric%20acid%20%28GABA%29" title=" γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)"> γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69853/differential-expression-of-gaba-and-its-signaling-components-in-ulcerative-colitis-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome-pathogenesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">591</span> Fabrication of Modified Chitosan-Gold Nanoshell with Mercaptopropionic Acid(MPA) for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Detection as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi%20Wa">Bi Wa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Yeon%20Kwon"> Su-Yeon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ik-Joong%20Kang"> Ik-Joong Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) as the principle for enhancing Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures is used to detect the concentration change of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). GABA is the mainly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system in the human body. It plays such significant role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In this case, the Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA) is used to modified chitosan –gold nanoshell, which enhances the absorption between GABA and Chitosan-gold nanoshell. The sulfur end of the MPA is linked to gold which is the surface of the chitosan nanoparticles via the very strong S–Au bond, while a functional group (carboxyl group) attached to GABA. The controlling of particles’ size and the surface morphology are also the important factors during the whole experiment. The particle around 100nm is using to link to MPA, and the range of GABA from 1mM to 30mM was detected by the Raman Scattering to obtain the calibrate curve. In this study, DLS, SEM, FT-IR, UV, SERS were used to analyze the products to obtain the conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan-gold%20nanoshell" title="chitosan-gold nanoshell">chitosan-gold nanoshell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercaptopropionic%20acid" title=" mercaptopropionic acid"> mercaptopropionic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-aminobutyric%20acid" title=" γ-aminobutyric acid"> γ-aminobutyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-enhanced%20raman%20scattering" title=" surface-enhanced raman scattering"> surface-enhanced raman scattering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54235/fabrication-of-modified-chitosan-gold-nanoshell-with-mercaptopropionic-acidmpa-for-gh-aminobutyric-acid-detection-as-a-surface-enhanced-raman-scattering-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">590</span> A Study on Awareness and Attitude of First-Year Medical Students on Epilepsy in University of Khartoum 2020-2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20E.%20Ibrahim">Mohammed E. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baraa%20A.%20Taha"> Baraa A. Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamil%20M.%20A.%20Shabban"> Kamil M. A. Shabban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Epilepsy is a common but widely misunderstood illness. Consequently, patients with epilepsy suffer from considerable stigmatization in society. This social stigma and discrimination often cause more suffering for the patients than the disease itself. Since very few studies have explored the misperceptions about epilepsy among university students in Sudan, it is not possible to provide focused intervention aimed at eliminating this discrimination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was applied among the first-year medical students at the University of Khartoum between December (2020) and February (2021). A 29-item standardized questionnaire was self-administered by 198 students (out of 320) who agreed to participate in this study. Google form was the tool used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software version 26. Result: Overall, the results indicate a negative trend in knowledge and attitude toward epilepsy. The vast majority of the respondents (84.8%) have read or heard about epilepsy, while 43.9% had seen someone with epilepsy. Only 7.5% of the participants reported that epilepsy is contagious, whereas 43.4% of them think that epilepsy is a psychological disorder. About 62.2% of students think head/birth trauma is a cause of epilepsy. On the other side, about 15.7% and 5.1% believed that evil spirits and punishment from god can also be a possible cause of epilepsy; we found these false beliefs are more common in participants from rural areas (p-value < 0.05). In regard to attitude, 19.7% of students thought that it is inappropriate for a patient with epilepsy to have a child. This attitude correlates with the mother’s education as the percentage is higher for those who have lower mother’s education (through secondary school education and below) (p < 0.05). The majority of Our participant knew that some people with epilepsy need life-long drug treatment; this belief was found to be more common in females than their counterparts(p < 0.05). . Finally, most of the respondents (93.9%) thought that a child with epilepsy Can be successful in a normal class. This belief is four-time as common in participants whose mothers have higher education (through university education and above) compared with corresponding respondents (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that students' knowledge about epilepsy is limited and requires immediate intervention through educational campaigns to develop a well-informed and tolerant community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title="epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudan" title=" Sudan"> Sudan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136359/a-study-on-awareness-and-attitude-of-first-year-medical-students-on-epilepsy-in-university-of-khartoum-2020-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">589</span> Method Development for the Determination of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Rice Products by Lc-Ms-Ms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cher%20Rong%20Matthew%20Kong">Cher Rong Matthew Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edmund%20Tian"> Edmund Tian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seng%20Poon%20Ong"> Seng Poon Ong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chee%20Sian%20Gan"> Chee Sian Gan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is a functional constituent of certain rice varieties. When consumed, it decreases blood pressure and reduces the risk of hypertension-related diseases. This has led to more research dedicated towards the development of functional food products (e.g. germinated brown rice) with enhanced GABA content, and the development of these functional food products has led to increased demand for instrument-based methods that can efficiently and effectively determine GABA content. Current analytical methods require analyte derivatisation, and have significant disadvantages such as being labour intensive and time-consuming, and being subject to analyte loss due to the increased complexity of the sample preparation process. To address this, an LC-MS-MS method for the determination of GABA in rice products has been developed and validated. This developed method involves a relatively simple sample preparation process before analysis using HILIC LC-MS-MS. This method eliminates the need for derivatisation, thereby significantly reducing the labour and time associated with such an analysis. Using LC-MS-MS also allows for better differentiation of GABA from any potential co-eluting compounds in the sample matrix. Results obtained from the developed method demonstrated high linearity, accuracy, and precision for the determination of GABA (1ng/L to 8ng/L) in a variety of brown rice products. The method can significantly simplify sample preparation steps, improve the accuracy of quantitation, and increase the throughput of analyses, thereby providing a quick but effective alternative to established instrumental analysis methods for GABA in rice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20food" title="functional food">functional food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-aminobutyric%20acid" title=" gamma-aminobutyric acid"> gamma-aminobutyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germinated%20brown%20rice" title=" germinated brown rice"> germinated brown rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20development" title=" method development"> method development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52865/method-development-for-the-determination-of-gamma-aminobutyric-acid-in-rice-products-by-lc-ms-ms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">588</span> Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA) Modifying Chitosan-Gold Nano Composite for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Analysis Using Raman Scattering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingjie%20Wang">Bingjie Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Yeon%20Kwon"> Su-Yeon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ik-Joong%20Kang"> Ik-Joong Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this experiment is to develop a sensor that can quickly check the concentration by using the nanoparticles made by chitosan and gold. Using chitosan nanoparticles crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate(TPP) is the first step to form the chitosan nanoparticles, which would be covered with the gold sequentially. The size of the fabricated product was around 100nm. Based on the method that the sulfur end of the MPA linked to gold can form the very strong S–Au bond, and the carboxyl group, the other end of the MPA, can easily absorb the GABA. As for the GABA, what is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system in the human body. It plays such significant role in reducing neuronal excitability pass through the nervous system. A Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) as the principle for enhancing Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures is used to detect the concentration change of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). When the system is formed, it generated SERS, which made a clear difference in the intensity of Raman scattering within the range of GABA concentration. So it is obtained from the experiment that the calibration curve according to the GABA concentration relevant with the SERS scattering. In this study, DLS, SEM, FT-IR, UV, SERS were used to analyze the products to obtain the conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercaptopropionic%20acid" title="mercaptopropionic acid">mercaptopropionic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan-gold%20nanoshell" title=" chitosan-gold nanoshell"> chitosan-gold nanoshell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-aminobutyric%20acid" title=" γ-aminobutyric acid"> γ-aminobutyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-enhanced%20raman%20scattering" title=" surface-enhanced raman scattering"> surface-enhanced raman scattering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54392/mercaptopropionic-acid-mpa-modifying-chitosan-gold-nano-composite-for-gh-aminobutyric-acid-analysis-using-raman-scattering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">587</span> Production of Medicinal Bio-active Amino Acid Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid In Dairy Sludge Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farideh%20Tabatabaee%20Yazdi">Farideh Tabatabaee Yazdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20Falah"> Fereshteh Falah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Vasiee"> Alireza Vasiee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely present in organisms. GABA is a kind of pharmacological and biological component and its application is wide and useful. Several important physiological functions of GABA have been characterized, such as neurotransmission and induction of hypotension. GABA is also a strong secretagogue of insulin from the pancreas and effectively inhibits small airway-derived lung adenocarcinoma and tranquilizer. Many microorganisms can produce GABA, and lactic acid bacteria have been a focus of research in recent years because lactic acid bacteria possess special physiological activities and are generally regarded as safe. Among them, the Lb. Brevis produced the highest amount of GABA. The major factors affecting GABA production have been characterized, including carbon sources and glutamate concentration. The use of food industry waste to produce valuable products such as amino acids seems to be a good way to reduce production costs and prevent the waste of food resources. In a dairy factory, a high volume of sludge is produced from a separator that contains useful compounds such as growth factors, carbon, nitrogen, and organic matter that can be used by different microorganisms such as Lb.brevis as carbon and nitrogen sources. Therefore, it is a good source of GABA production. GABA is primarily formed by the irreversible α-decarboxylation reaction of L-glutamic acid or its salts, catalysed by the GAD enzyme. In the present study, this aim was achieved for the fast-growing of Lb.brevis and producing GABA, using the dairy industry sludge as a suitable growth medium. Lactobacillus Brevis strains obtained from Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) were used as model strains. In order to prepare dairy sludge as a medium, sterilization should be done at 121 ° C for 15 minutes. Lb. Brevis was inoculated to the sludge media at pH=6 and incubated for 120 hours at 30 ° C. After fermentation, the supernatant solution is centrifuged and then, the GABA produced was analyzed by the Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) method qualitatively and by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method quantitatively. By increasing the percentage of dairy sludge in the culture medium, the amount of GABA increased. Also, evaluated the growth of bacteria in this medium showed the positive effect of dairy sludge on the growth of Lb.brevis, which resulted in the production of more GABA. GABA-producing LAB offers the opportunity of developing naturally fermented health-oriented products. Although some GABA-producing LAB has been isolated to find strains suitable for different fermentations, further screening of various GABA-producing strains from LAB, especially high-yielding strains, is necessary. The production of lactic acid, bacterial gamma-aminobutyric acid, is safe and eco-friendly. The use of dairy industry waste causes enhanced environmental safety. Also provides the possibility of producing valuable compounds such as GABA. In general, dairy sludge is a suitable medium for the growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria and produce this amino acid that can reduce the final cost of it by providing carbon and nitrogen source. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GABA" title="GABA">GABA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactobacillus" title=" Lactobacillus"> Lactobacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20sludge" title=" dairy sludge"> dairy sludge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160637/production-of-medicinal-bio-active-amino-acid-gamma-aminobutyric-acid-in-dairy-sludge-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">586</span> Feedforward Neural Network with Backpropagation for Epilepsy Seizure Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20%20Espinosa">Natalia Espinosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthur%20Amorim"> Arthur Amorim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudolf%20%20Huebner"> Rudolf Huebner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is a chronic neural disease and around 50 million people in the world suffer from this disease, however, in many cases, the individual acquires resistance to the medication, which is known as drug-resistant epilepsy, where a detection system is necessary. This paper showed the development of an automatic system for seizure detection based on artificial neural networks (ANN), which are common techniques of machine learning. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used for decomposing electroencephalogram (EEG) signal into main brain waves, with these frequency bands is extracted features for training a feedforward neural network with backpropagation, finally made a pattern classification, seizure or non-seizure. Obtaining 95% accuracy in epileptic EEG and 100% in normal EEG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20Neural%20Network%20%28ANN%29" title="Artificial Neural Network (ANN)">Artificial Neural Network (ANN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Discrete%20Wavelet%20Transform%20%28DWT%29" title=" Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)"> Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Epilepsy%20Detection" title=" Epilepsy Detection "> Epilepsy Detection </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seizure." title=" Seizure."> Seizure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122872/feedforward-neural-network-with-backpropagation-for-epilepsy-seizure-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">585</span> Depressive Symptoms in Children with Epilepsy Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamood%20Al%20Kiyumi">Hamood Al Kiyumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Al%20Huseini"> Salim Al Huseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Al%20Risi"> Khalid Al Risi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Mirza"> Hassan Mirza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Al%20Hosni"> Amira Al Hosni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Jaju"> Sanjay Jaju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asaad%20Al%20Habsi"> Asaad Al Habsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of depressive symptoms along with demographic data in children diagnosed with epilepsy in a tertiary care institution in Oman. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2016 and August 2018. We have included 75 children with age group from five to 12 years old, attending epilepsy clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital who were diagnosed with epilepsy and already on treatment. Patients were excluded if they have mental retardation. Validated Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) questionnaire was utilized to assess the level of depressive symptoms among children. In addition, we have looked at associated factors including seizure status in the last three months, compliance with antiepileptic medications, type of epilepsy, and number of antiepileptic medications. Results: In this study, we found that depressive symptoms were present in 39 (52%) of patients. We also found that 96% of the patients were compliant to medications. In addition, seizure was present in the last three months in 48% of the sample studies. There was no statistically significant association between any of the studied variables and depression. Conclusions: Although depression is highly prevalent in children with epilepsy, this study did not find any significant association between the CES-DC scores and the studied factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oman" title=" Oman"> Oman</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104428/depressive-symptoms-in-children-with-epilepsy-attending-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">584</span> Performance Evaluation of Contemporary Classifiers for Automatic Detection of Epileptic EEG</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20E.%20Ch.%20Vidyasagar">K. E. Ch. Vidyasagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Moghavvemi"> M. Moghavvemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20S.%20T.%20Prabhat"> T. S. S. T. Prabhat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is a global problem, and with seizures eluding even the smartest of diagnoses a requirement for automatic detection of the same using electroencephalogram (EEG) would have a huge impact in diagnosis of the disorder. Among a multitude of methods for automatic epilepsy detection, one should find the best method out, based on accuracy, for classification. This paper reasons out, and rationalizes, the best methods for classification. Accuracy is based on the classifier, and thus this paper discusses classifiers like quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), classification and regression tree (CART), support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayes classifier (NBC), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Results show that ANN is the most accurate of all the above stated classifiers with 97.7% accuracy, 97.25% specificity and 98.28% sensitivity in its merit. This is followed closely by SVM with 1% variation in result. These results would certainly help researchers choose the best classifier for detection of epilepsy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seizure" title=" seizure"> seizure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KNN" title=" KNN"> KNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDA" title=" LDA"> LDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14692/performance-evaluation-of-contemporary-classifiers-for-automatic-detection-of-epileptic-eeg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">583</span> MRI Findings in Children with Intrac Table Epilepsy Compared to Children with Medical Responsive Epilepsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Amirsalari">Susan Amirsalari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azime%20Khosrinejad"> Azime Khosrinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Rahimian"> Elham Rahimian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Epilepsy is a common brain disorder characterized by a persistent tendency to develop in neurological, cognitive, and psychological contents. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a neuroimaging test facilitating the detection of structural epileptogenic lesions. This study aimed to compare the MRI findings between patients with intractable and drug-responsive epilepsy. Material & methods: This case-control study was conducted from 2007 to 2019. The research population encompassed all 1-16- year-old patients with intractable epilepsy referred to the Shafa Neuroscience Center (n=72) (a case group) and drug-responsive patients referred to the pediatric neurology clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital (a control group). Results: There were 72 (23.5%) patients in the intractable epilepsy group and 200 (76.5%) patients in the drug-responsive group. The participants' mean age was 6.70 ±4.13 years, and there were 126 males and 106 females in this study Normal brain MRI was noticed in 21 (29.16%) patients in the case group and 184 (92.46%) patients in the control group. Neuronal migration disorder (NMD)was also exhibited in 7 (9.72%) patients in the case group and no patient in the control group. There were hippocampal abnormalities and focal lesions (mass, dysplasia, etc.) in 10 (13.88%) patients in the case group and only 1 (0.05%) patient in the control group. Gliosis and porencephalic cysts were presented in 3 (4.16%) patients in the case group and no patient in the control group. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy was revealed in 8 (11.11%) patients in the case group and 4 (2.01%) patients in the control group. Corpus callosum agenesis, hydrocephalus, brain malacia, and developmental cyst were more frequent in the case group; however, the difference between the groups was not significant. Conclusion: The MRI findings such as hippocampal abnormalities, focal lesions (mass, dysplasia), NMD, porencephalic cysts, gliosis, and atrophy are significantly more frequent in children with intractable epilepsy than in those with drug-responsive epilepsy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title="magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intractable%20epilepsy" title=" intractable epilepsy"> intractable epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20responsive%20epilepsy" title=" drug responsive epilepsy"> drug responsive epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuronal%20migrational%20disorder" title=" neuronal migrational disorder"> neuronal migrational disorder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185141/mri-findings-in-children-with-intrac-table-epilepsy-compared-to-children-with-medical-responsive-epilepsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">582</span> EEG-Based Screening Tool for School Student’s Brain Disorders Using Machine Learning Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrahman%20A.%20Ramzy">Abdelrahman A. Ramzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassel%20S.%20Abdallah"> Bassel S. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20E.%20Bahgat"> Mohamed E. Bahgat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20M.%20Abdelkader"> Sarah M. Abdelkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20H.%20ElGohary"> Sherif H. ElGohary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, and autism affect millions of children worldwide, many of which are undiagnosed despite the fact that all of these disorders are detectable in early childhood. Late diagnosis can cause severe problems due to the late treatment and to the misconceptions and lack of awareness as a whole towards these disorders. Moreover, electroencephalography (EEG) has played a vital role in the assessment of neural function in children. Therefore, quantitative EEG measurement will be utilized as a tool for use in the evaluation of patients who may have ADHD, epilepsy, and autism. We propose a screening tool that uses EEG signals and machine learning algorithms to detect these disorders at an early age in an automated manner. The proposed classifiers used with epilepsy as a step taken for the work done so far, provided an accuracy of approximately 97% using SVM, Naïve Bayes and Decision tree, while 98% using KNN, which gives hope for the work yet to be conducted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADHD" title="ADHD">ADHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title=" autism"> autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108018/eeg-based-screening-tool-for-school-students-brain-disorders-using-machine-learning-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">581</span> Understanding the Genetic Basis of SUDEP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Ashwini">Kumar Ashwini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayak%20C.%20Vinod"> Nayak C. Vinod</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a rarity. Each year, about one in 150 epileptics, whose seizures are not controlled, may die of SUDEP. It is a leading cause of death in young adults with uncontrolled seizures. Understanding the genetic basis for SUDEP, is crucial given that the rate of sudden death in epilepsy patients is 20 fold that of the general population. We encountered one such case of a young male, a known epileptic, who was brought dead after a sudden collapse. We hereby present a poster discussing the autopsy findings of this case and also highlighting the importance of understanding the genetic basis of SUDEP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudden%20death" title="sudden death">sudden death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic" title=" genetic"> genetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopsy" title=" autopsy"> autopsy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42066/understanding-the-genetic-basis-of-sudep" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">580</span> D-Epi App: Mobile Application to Control Sodium Valproat Administration in Children with Idiopatic Epilepsy in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyimas%20Annissa%20Mutiara%20Andini">Nyimas Annissa Mutiara Andini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are 325,000 children younger than age 15 in the U.S. have epilepsy. In Indonesia, 40% of 3,5 millions cases of epilepsy happens in children. The most common type of epilepsy, which affects 6 out of 10 people with the disorder, is called idiopathic epilepsy and which has no identifiable cause. One of the most commonly used medications in the treatment of this childhood epilepsy is sodium valproate. Administration of sodium valproat in children has a problem to fail. Nearly 60% of pediatric patients known were mildly, moderately, or severely non-adherent with therapy during the first six months of treatment. Many parents or caregiver took far less medication than prescribed, and the treatment-adherence pattern for the majority of patients was established during the first month of treatment. 42% of the patients were almost always given their medications as prescribed but 13% had very poor adherence even in the early weeks and months of treatment. About 7% of patients initially gave the medication correctly 90% of the time, but adherence dropped to around 20% within six months of starting treatment. Over the six months of observation, the total missing of administration is about four out of 14 doses in any given week. This fail can cause the epilepsy to relapse. Whereas, current reported epilepsy disorder were significantly more likely than those never diagnosed to experience depression (8% vs 2%), anxiety (17% vs 3%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (23% vs 6%), developmental delay (51% vs 3%), autism/autism spectrum disorder (16% vs 1%), and headaches (14% vs 5%) (all P< 0.05). They had a greater risk of limitation in the ability to do things (relative risk: 9.22; 95% CI: 7.56–11.24), repeating a school grade (relative risk: 2.59; CI: 1.52–4.40), and potentially having unmet medical and mental health needs. In the other side, technology can help to make our life easier. One of the technology, that we can use is a mobile application. A mobile app is a software program we can download and access directly using our phone. Indonesians are highly mobile centric. They use, on average, 6.7 applications over a 30 day period. This paper is aimed to describe an application that could help to control a sodium valproat administration in children; we call it as D-Epi app. D-Epi app is a downloadable application that can help parents or caregiver alert by a timer-related application to warn whether it is the time to administer the sodium valproat. It works not only as a standard alarm, but also inform important information about the drug and emergency stuffs to do to children with epilepsy. This application could help parents and caregiver to take care a child with epilepsy in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title="application">application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D-Epi" title=" D-Epi"> D-Epi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56898/d-epi-app-mobile-application-to-control-sodium-valproat-administration-in-children-with-idiopatic-epilepsy-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">579</span> Machine Learning Approach for Lateralization of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira-Sadat%20JamaliDinan">Samira-Sadat JamaliDinan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidar%20Almohri"> Haidar Almohri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad-Reza%20Nazem-Zadeh"> Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is very important for positive surgical outcomes. We propose a machine learning framework to ultimately identify the epileptogenic hemisphere for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases using magnetoencephalography (MEG) coherence source imaging (CSI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Unlike most studies that use classification algorithms, we propose an effective clustering approach to distinguish between normal and TLE cases. We apply the famous Minkowski weighted K-Means (MWK-Means) technique as the clustering framework. To overcome the problem of poor initialization of K-Means, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to effectively select the initial centroids of clusters prior to applying MWK-Means. We demonstrate that compared to K-means and MWK-means independently, this approach is able to improve the result of a benchmark data set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20lobe%20epilepsy" title="temporal lobe epilepsy">temporal lobe epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetoencephalography" title=" magnetoencephalography"> magnetoencephalography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115667/machine-learning-approach-for-lateralization-of-temporal-lobe-epilepsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">578</span> Screening of Phytochemicals Compounds from Chasmanthera dependens and Carissa edulis as Potential Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases CA II (3HS4) Receptor using a Target-Based Drug Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owonikoko%20Abayomi%20Dele">Owonikoko Abayomi Dele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is an unresolved disease that needs urgent attention. It is a brain disorder that affects over sixty-five (65) million people around the globe. Despite the availability of commercial anti-epileptic drugs, the war against this unmet condition is yet to be resolved. Most epilepsy patients are resistant to available anti-epileptic medications thus the need for affordable novel therapy against epilepsy is a necessity. Numerous phytochemicals have been reported for their potency, efficacy and safety as therapeutic agents against many diseases. This study investigated 99 isolated phytochemicals from Chasmanthera dependens and Carissa edulis against carbonic anhydrase (ii) drug target. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of the isolated compounds were examined using admet SAR-2 web server while Swiss ADME was used to analyze the oral bioavailability, drug-likeness and lead-likeness properties of the selected leads. PASS web server was used to predict the biological activities of selected leads while other important physicochemical properties and interactions of the selected leads with the active site of the target after successful molecular docking simulation with the pyrx virtual screening tool were also examined. The results of these study identified seven lead compounds; C49- alpha-carissanol (-7.6 kcal/mol), C13- Catechin (-7.4 kcal/mol), C45- Salicin (-7.4 kcal/mol), C6- Bisnorargemonine (-7.3 kcal/mol), C36- Pallidine (-7.1 kcal/mol), S4- Lacosamide (-7.1 kcal/mol), and S7- Acetazolamide (-6.4 kcal/mol) for CA II (3HS4 receptor). These leads compounds are probable inhibitors of this drug target due to the observed good binding affinities and favourable interactions with the active site of the drug target, excellent ADMET profiles, PASS Properties, drug-likeness, lead-likeness and oral bioavailability properties. The identified leads have better binding energies as compared to the binding energies of the two standards. Thus, seven identified lead compounds can be developed further towards the development of new anti-epileptic medications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-likeness" title="drug-likeness">drug-likeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonic%20anhydrases" title=" carbonic anhydrases"> carbonic anhydrases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metalloeazymes" title=" metalloeazymes"> metalloeazymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20site" title=" active site"> active site</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADMET" title=" ADMET"> ADMET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186547/screening-of-phytochemicals-compounds-from-chasmanthera-dependens-and-carissa-edulis-as-potential-inhibitors-of-carbonic-anhydrases-ca-ii-3hs4-receptor-using-a-target-based-drug-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">577</span> Improvement of Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid by Lactobacillus plantarum Isolated from Indigenous Fermented Durian (Tempoyak)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yetti%20Marlida">Yetti Marlida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harnentis"> Harnentis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuliaty%20Shafan%20Nur"> Yuliaty Shafan Nur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Tempoyak is a dish derived from fermented durian fruit. Tempoyak is a food consumed as a side dish when eating rice. Besides being eaten with rice, tempoyak can also be eaten directly. But this is rarely done because many cannot stand the sour taste and aroma of the tempoyak itself. In addition, tempoyak can also be used as a seasoning. The taste of tempoyak is acidic, this occurs because of the fermentation process in durian fruit meat which is the raw material. Tempoyak is already very well known in Indonesia, especially in Padang, Bengkulu, Palembang, Lampung, and Kalimantan. Besides that, this food is also famous in Malaysia. The purpose of this research is to improvement production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from indigenous fermented durian (tempoyak). Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) previously isolated from indigenous fermented durian (tempoyak) that have ability to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The study was started with identification of selected LAB by 16 S RNA, followed optimation of GABA production by culture condition using different initial pH, temperature, glutamate concentration, incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources. Results: The result from indentification used polymerase chain reaction of 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenetic analysis was Lactobacillus plantarum (coded as Y3) with a sequenced length of 1400bp. The improvement of Gaba production was found highest at pH: 6.0; temperature: 30 °C; glutamate concentration: 0.4%; incubation time: 60 h; glucose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources. Conclusions: GABA can be produced with the optimum condition fermentation were 66.06 mM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title="lactic acid bacteria">lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-amino%20butyric%20acid" title=" γ-amino butyric acid"> γ-amino butyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20fermented%20durian" title=" indigenous fermented durian"> indigenous fermented durian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104211/improvement-of-production-of-gh-aminobutyric-acid-by-lactobacillus-plantarum-isolated-from-indigenous-fermented-durian-tempoyak" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">576</span> EEG Diagnosis Based on Phase Space with Wavelet Transforms for Epilepsy Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohmmad%20A.%20Obeidat">Mohmmad A. Obeidat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjed%20Al%20Fahoum"> Amjed Al Fahoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20M.%20Mansour"> Ayman M. Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recognition of an abnormal activity of the brain functionality is a vital issue. To determine the type of the abnormal activity either a brain image or brain signal are usually considered. Imaging localizes the defect within the brain area and relates this area with somebody functionalities. However, some functions may be disturbed without affecting the brain as in epilepsy. In this case, imaging may not provide the symptoms of the problem. A cheaper yet efficient approach that can be utilized to detect abnormal activity is the measurement and analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The main goal of this work is to come up with a new method to facilitate the classification of the abnormal and disorder activities within the brain directly using EEG signal processing, which makes it possible to be applied in an on-line monitoring system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title="EEG">EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet" title=" wavelet"> wavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17206/eeg-diagnosis-based-on-phase-space-with-wavelet-transforms-for-epilepsy-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">575</span> Signaling of Leucine-Rich-Repeat Receptor-Like Kinases in Higher Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man-Ho%20Oh">Man-Ho Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane localized Leucine-Rich-Repeat Receptor-Like Kinases (LRR-RLKs) play crucial roles in plant growth and abiotic/biotic stress responses in higher plants including Arabidopsis and Brassica species. Among several Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs), Leucine-Rich-Repeat Receptor-Like-Kinases (LRR-RLKs) are the major group of genes that play crucial roles related to growth, development and stress conditions in plant system. Since it is involved in several functional roles, it seems to be very important to investigate their roles in higher plants. We are particularly interested in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, which is mediated by the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor kinase and its co-receptor, BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1). Autophosphorylation of receptor kinases is recognized to be an important process in activation of signaling in higher plants. Although the plant receptors are generally classified as Ser/Thr protein kinases, many other receptor kinases including BRI1 and BAK1 are shown to autophosphorylate on Tyr residues in addition to Ser/Thr. As an interesting result, we determined that several 14-3-3 regulatory proteins bind to BRI1-CD and are phosphorylated by several receptor kinases in vitro, suggesting that BRI1 is critical for diverse signaling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophosphorylation" title="autophosphorylation">autophosphorylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brassinosteroid" title=" brassinosteroid"> brassinosteroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRASSINOSTEROID%20INSENSITIVE%201" title=" BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1"> BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRI1-ASSOCIATED%20KINASE%201" title=" BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1"> BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leucine-Rich-Repeat%20Receptor-Like%20Kinases%20%28LRR-RLKs%29" title=" Leucine-Rich-Repeat Receptor-Like Kinases (LRR-RLKs)"> Leucine-Rich-Repeat Receptor-Like Kinases (LRR-RLKs)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76545/signaling-of-leucine-rich-repeat-receptor-like-kinases-in-higher-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">574</span> Neuropsychological Deficits in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timea%20Harmath-T%C3%A1nczos">Timea Harmath-Tánczos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is defined as the persistence of seizures despite at least two syndrome-adapted antiseizure drugs (ASD) used at efficacious daily doses. About a third of patients with epilepsy suffer from drug resistance. Cognitive assessment has a crucial role in the diagnosis and clinical management of epilepsy. Previous studies have addressed the clinical targets and indications for measuring neuropsychological functions; best to our knowledge, no studies have examined it in a Hungarian therapy-resistant population. To fill this gap, we investigated the Hungarian diagnostic protocol between 18 and 65 years of age. This study aimed to describe and analyze neuropsychological functions in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and identify factors associated with neuropsychology deficits. We perform a prospective case-control study comparing neuropsychological performances in 50 adult patients and 50 healthy individuals between March 2023 and July 2023. Neuropsychological functions were examined in both patients and controls using a full set of specific tests (general performance level, motor functions, attention, executive facts., verbal and visual memory, language, and visual-spatial functions). Potential risk factors for neuropsychological deficit were assessed in the patient group using a multivariate analysis. The two groups did not differ in age, sex, dominant hand and level of education. Compared with the control group, patients with drug-resistant epilepsy showed worse performance on motor functions and visuospatial memory, sustained attention, inhibition and verbal memory. Neuropsychological deficits could therefore be systematically detected in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in order to provide neuropsychological therapy and improve quality of life. The analysis of the classical and complex indices of the special neuropsychological tasks presented in the presentation can help in the investigation of normal and disrupted memory and executive functions in the DRE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-resistant%20epilepsy" title="drug-resistant epilepsy">drug-resistant epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hungarian%20diagnostic%20protocol" title=" Hungarian diagnostic protocol"> Hungarian diagnostic protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20functions" title=" executive functions"> executive functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20neuropsychology" title=" cognitive neuropsychology"> cognitive neuropsychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168392/neuropsychological-deficits-in-drug-resistant-epilepsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">573</span> Development of Nursing Service System Integrated Case Manager Concept for the Patients with Epilepsy at the Tertiary Epilepsy Clinic of Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Puangsawat">C. Puangsawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Limotai"> C. Limotai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Srikhachin"> P. Srikhachin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bio-psycho-social caring was required for promoting the quality of life of the patients with epilepsy (PWE), despite controlled seizures. Multifaceted issues emerge at the epilepsy clinic. Unpredicted seizures, antiepileptic drug compliance problems/adverse effects, psychiatric, and social problems are all needed to be explored and managed. The Nursing Service System (NSS) at the tertiary epilepsy clinic (TEC) was consequently developed for improving the clinical care for PWE. Case manager concept was integrated as the framework guiding the processes and strategies used for developing the NSS as well as the roles of the multidisciplinary team at the clinic. This study aimed to report the outcomes of the developed NSS integrated case manager concept. The processes of our developed NSS program included 1) screening for patient’s problems using questionnaire prior to seeing epileptologists i.e., assessing the patient’s risk to develop acute seizures at the clinic, issues related to medication use, and uncovered psychiatric and social problems; and 2) assigning the patients at risk to be evaluated and managed by appropriate team. Nurses specializing in epilepsy in coordination with the multidisciplinary team implemented the NSS to promote coordinated work among the team which consists of epileptologists, nurses, pharmacists, psychologists, and social workers. Determination of the role of each person and their responsibilities along with joint care plan were clearly established. One year after implementation, the rate of acute seizure occurrence at the clinic was decreased, and satisfactory feedback from the patients was received. In order to achieve an optimal goal to promote self-management behaviors in PWE, continuing the NSS and systematic assessment of its effectiveness is required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20manager%20concept" title="case manager concept">case manager concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20service%20system" title=" nursing service system"> nursing service system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patients%20with%20epilepsy" title=" patients with epilepsy"> patients with epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107297/development-of-nursing-service-system-integrated-case-manager-concept-for-the-patients-with-epilepsy-at-the-tertiary-epilepsy-clinic-of-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">572</span> Auricular Electroacupuncture Rescued Epilepsy Seizure by Attenuating TLR-2 Inflammatory Pathway in the Kainic Acid-Induced Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-Han%20Hsiao">I-Han Hsiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Ping%20Huang"> Chun-Ping Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Liang%20Hsieh"> Ching-Liang Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Wen%20Lin"> Yi-Wen Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is chronic brain disorder that results in the sporadic occurrence of spontaneous seizures in the temporal lobe, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. Clinical antiepileptic medicines are often ineffective or little benefits in the small amount of patients and usually initiate severe side effects. This inflammation contributes to enhanced neuronal excitability and the onset of epilepsy. Auricular electric-stimulation (AES) can increase parasympathetic activity and stimulate the solitary tract nucleus to induce the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, it may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. In the present study, we want to investigate the effects of AES on inflammatory mediators in kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic seizure rats. Experimental KA injection increased expression of TLR-2 pathway associated inflammatory mediators, were further reduced by either 2Hz or 15 Hz AES in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and somatosensory cortex. We suggest that AES can successfully control the epileptic seizure by down-regulation of inflammation signaling pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auricular%20electric-stimulation" title="auricular electric-stimulation">auricular electric-stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epileptic%20seizures" title=" epileptic seizures"> epileptic seizures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammation" title=" anti-inflammation"> anti-inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84898/auricular-electroacupuncture-rescued-epilepsy-seizure-by-attenuating-tlr-2-inflammatory-pathway-in-the-kainic-acid-induced-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy%20GABA%20%28A%29%20receptor&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy%20GABA%20%28A%29%20receptor&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy%20GABA%20%28A%29%20receptor&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy%20GABA%20%28A%29%20receptor&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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