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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nasionale_parke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasionale_parke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nasionale parke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasionale_parke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Klimaat subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kenmerke_en_invloede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenmerke_en_invloede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kenmerke en invloede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenmerke_en_invloede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seisoene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seisoene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Seisoene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seisoene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voor-_en_vroeë_geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voor-_en_vroeë_geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Voor- en vroeë geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voor-_en_vroeë_geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Přemysliden-dinastie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Přemysliden-dinastie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Přemysliden-dinastie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Přemysliden-dinastie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huis_van_Luxemburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huis_van_Luxemburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Huis van Luxemburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huis_van_Luxemburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hussietebeweging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hussietebeweging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Hussietebeweging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hussietebeweging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heerskappy_van_die_Jagiellone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heerskappy_van_die_Jagiellone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Heerskappy van die Jagiellone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heerskappy_van_die_Jagiellone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heerskappy_van_die_Habsburgers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heerskappy_van_die_Habsburgers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Heerskappy van die Habsburgers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heerskappy_van_die_Habsburgers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dertigjarige_Oorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dertigjarige_Oorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Dertigjarige Oorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dertigjarige_Oorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasionale_herlewing_van_die_Tsjegge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasionale_herlewing_van_die_Tsjegge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Nasionale herlewing van die Tsjegge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasionale_herlewing_van_die_Tsjegge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsjeggo-Slowakye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsjeggo-Slowakye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Tsjeggo-Slowakye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsjeggo-Slowakye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tussenoorlogse_tydperk_en_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tussenoorlogse_tydperk_en_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.1</span> <span>Tussenoorlogse tydperk en Tweede Wêreldoorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tussenoorlogse_tydperk_en_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Einde_van_die_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog_en_Reale_Sosialisme_Realsozialismus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Einde_van_die_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog_en_Reale_Sosialisme_Realsozialismus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.2</span> <span>Einde van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en Reale Sosialisme Realsozialismus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Einde_van_die_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog_en_Reale_Sosialisme_Realsozialismus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Praagse_Lente_en_militêre_intervensie_in_1968" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praagse_Lente_en_militêre_intervensie_in_1968"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.3</span> <span>Praagse Lente en militêre intervensie in 1968</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praagse_Lente_en_militêre_intervensie_in_1968-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluweelrewolusie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluweelrewolusie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.4</span> <span>Fluweelrewolusie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluweelrewolusie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsjeggiese_Republiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsjeggiese_Republiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Tsjeggiese Republiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsjeggiese_Republiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administratiewe_streke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratiewe_streke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administratiewe streke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratiewe_streke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geloof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geloof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geloof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geloof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiese_oorsig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiese_oorsig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Historiese oorsig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiese_oorsig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huidige_situasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huidige_situasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Huidige situasie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huidige_situasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nywerheidsektor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nywerheidsektor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Nywerheidsektor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nywerheidsektor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tsjeggië</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 279 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-279" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">279 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Чехиа – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Чехиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8kia" title="Cèkia – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Cèkia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Чехие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чехие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B8%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቸኪያ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቸኪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Checa" title="Republica Checa – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Checa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aecland" title="Ċecland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ċecland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesika" title="Chesika – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Chesika" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جمهورية التشيك – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية التشيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܬܫܝܟ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83" title="التشيك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="التشيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشيكيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيكيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="চেক গণৰাজ্য – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেক গণৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceska" title="Ceska – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ceska" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexya_Ripublika" title="Chexya Ripublika – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Chexya Ripublika" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87exiya" title="Çexiya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çexiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="چک جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_C%C3%A9ko" title="Républik Céko – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechei" title="Tschechei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschechei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cek%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Čekėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čekėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхія – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8ki" title="Cèki – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cèki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jek_Ripablik" title="Jek Ripablik – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཅེ་ཁེ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅེ་ཁེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tx%C3%A8quia" title="Txèquia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txèquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C4%95k-k%C3%A1ik" title="Ciĕk-káik – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciĕk-káik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasod_nga_Czech" title="Nasod nga Czech – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nasod nga Czech" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A4%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کۆماری چیک – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری چیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecch%C3%ACa" title="Cecchìa – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cecchìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehiya" title="Çehiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" title="Česko – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesk%C3%B4_Rep%C3%B9blika" title="Czeskô Repùblika – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czeskô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%94%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чєшьско – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чєшьско" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Чех Республики – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чех Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiecia" title="Tsiecia – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsiecia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkiet" title="Tjekkiet – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceska" title="Česka – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Česka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%97%DE%AC%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%80%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B" title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσεχία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5io" title="Ĉeĥio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhi" title="Tšehhi – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekia" title="Txekia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAbrica_Checa" title="Repúbrica Checa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Repúbrica Checa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DA%A9" title="جمهوری چک – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری چک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekki" title="Tšekki – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsehhi_Vabariik" title="Tsehhi Vabariik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsehhi Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekkia" title="Kekkia – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kekkia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie" title="Tchéquie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8quia" title="Tchèquia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tchèquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechie" title="Cechie – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cechie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechje" title="Tsjechje – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjechje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeic" title="An tSeic – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehiya" title="Çehiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9piblik_tch%C3%A8k" title="Répiblik tchèk – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Répiblik tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Seic" title="An t-Seic – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Seic" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D9%9A_%D8%AC%D8%A4%D9%85%DB%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9kia" title="Chékia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chékia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heck" title="Yn Çheck – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheck" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazech" title="Kazech – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazech" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhia%CC%8Dp-khiet" title="Chhia̍p-khiet – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhia̍p-khiet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiekia" title="Tiekia – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tiekia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%94" title="צ'כיה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="चेक गणराज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चेक गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%9Bska" title="Čěska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čěska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repiblik_Tch%C3%A8k" title="Repiblik Tchèk – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Repiblik Tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csehorsz%C3%A1g" title="Csehország – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csehország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեխիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեխիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Chec" title="Republica Chec – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica Chec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siakia" title="Siakia – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siakia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_a_Tseka" title="Republika a Tseka – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika a Tseka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9kkland" title="Tékkland – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tékkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Ceca" title="Repubblica Ceca – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3" title="チェコ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek_Ripoblik" title="Chek Ripoblik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chek Ripoblik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcesk.zei_gubyseltru" title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_C%C3%A9ko" title="Républik Céko – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხეთი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cik" title="Čik – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Čik" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Чехиэ – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чехиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%9B%C9%9Bk%C9%A9" title="Cɛɛkɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cɛɛkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%CC%B1pobi%CC%B1lik_Cek" title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_tch%C3%A8que" title="République tchèque – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="République tchèque" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80" title="ឆែក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆែក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94" title="체코 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ческо – Komi-Permyaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ческо" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Chek" title="Pow Chek – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Chek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Cheka" title="Repuvlika Cheka – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Cheka" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechesch_Republik" title="Tschechesch Republik – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschechesch Republik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txesco" title="Txesco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txesco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbrica_Ceca" title="Repubbrica Ceca – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Repubbrica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ceca" title="Republica Ceca – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekia" title="Shekia – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Shekia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekija" title="Čekija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekeja" title="Čekeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Čekeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehija" title="Čehija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чехмастор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чехмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekia" title="Tsekia – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsekia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Чехий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чехий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABekia" title="Tīekia – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tīekia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чешка – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Чех – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чех" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Czech" title="Republik Czech – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Czech" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aekja" title="Ċekja – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċekja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чехия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чехия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_(%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="چک (کشور) – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چک (کشور)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbreca_Ceca" title="Repubbreca Ceca – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Repubbreca Ceca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechie" title="Tsjechie – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjechie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjekkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie" title="Tchéquie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Republica Chèca – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Chèca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceehii" title="Čeehii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Čeehii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheekiyaa" title="Cheekiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Cheekiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseku" title="Republikang Tseku – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Republikang Tseku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8kie" title="Tchèkie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tchèkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschecherei" title="Tschecherei – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Tschecherei" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekya" title="Chekya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Chekya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechy" title="Czechy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czechy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="چیک لوکراج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیک لوکراج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσεχία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="چک جمهوریت – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چک جمهوریت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9quia" title="Chéquia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chéquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiksuyu" title="Chiksuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiksuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechia" title="Tschechia – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tschechia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbleche_Ceche" title="Repubbleche Ceche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Repubbleche Ceche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чесько – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чесько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="जेक् रिपब्लिक् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जेक् रिपब्लिक्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Чиэхийэ – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чиэхийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bblica_Ceca" title="Ripùbblica Ceca – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%DA%AA_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="چيڪ جمهوريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيڪ جمهوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehkkia" title="Čehkkia – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čehkkia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagdudant_n_Tcik" title="Tagdudant n Tcik – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tagdudant n Tcik" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BB%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="චෙක් ජනරජය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චෙක් ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" title="Česko – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripapelika_o_Sieki" title="Ripapelika o Sieki – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ripapelika o Sieki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekki" title="Tšekki – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheki" title="Cheki – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Cheki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuuriyadda_Jek" title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_%C3%87eke" title="Republika Çeke – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Çeke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чешка – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekikondre" title="Tsjekikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Tsjekikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekhi" title="Shekhi – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Shekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ko" title="Céko – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Céko" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckien" title="Tjeckien – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucheki" title="Ucheki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ucheki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesko_Republika" title="Czesko Republika – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czesko Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செக் குடியரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செக் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika_Xeka" title="Repúblika Xeka – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Repúblika Xeka" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehi%C3%BDa" title="Çehiýa – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çehiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseko" title="Republikang Tseko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Tseko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cexij%C9%99" title="Cexijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cexijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepupelika_Seki" title="Lepupelika Seki – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lepupelika Seki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sek_Ripablik" title="Sek Ripablik – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieti" title="Tieti – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tieti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D8%AE_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%89" title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чехія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чехія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="چیک جمہوریہ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیک جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_Ceca" title="Repùblega Ceca – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Ceca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehanma" title="Čehanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čehanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9c" title="Séc – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyeg%C3%A4n" title="Tsyegän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyegän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekeye" title="Tchekeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchekeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czekya" title="Czekya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Czekya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ewum_Cek" title="Réewum Cek – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Cek" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Чехмудин Орн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Чехмудин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%99" title="טשעכיי – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעכיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%E1%BA%B9%CC%81k%C3%AC_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira" title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciethaek" title="Ciethaek – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ciethaek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjehhi%C3%AB" title="Tsjehhië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjehhië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesko" title="Chesko – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chesko" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITsheki" title="ITsheki – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITsheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Tsjeggi%C3%AB" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&oldid=2657365" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&id=2657365&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTsjeggi%25C3%25AB"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTsjeggi%25C3%25AB"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tsjeggi%C3%AB"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Tsjeggiese Republiek<br /><small><i>Česká republika</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tsjeggies" title="Tsjeggies">Tsjeggies</a>)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Tsjeggië"><img alt="Vlag van Tsjeggië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Tsjeggië"><img alt="Wapen van Tsjeggië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1403" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlag_van_Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlag van Tsjeggië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapen_van_Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapen van Tsjeggië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wapen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_leuses" title="Lys van nasionale leuses">Nasionale leuse</a>: <i>Pravda vítězí</i><br /><small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Tsjeggies" title="Tsjeggies">Tsjeggies</a> vir: "Die waarheid triomfeer")</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kde_domov_m%C5%AFj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kde domov můj (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kde domov můj</a></i><br /><small><i>(Tsjeggies vir: "Waar is my tuiste?")</i></small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="73" data-mwtitle="Czech_anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Czech_anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Czech_anthem.ogg/Czech_anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=sk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sk" label="slovenčina ‪(sk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=sr-ec&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Cyrl" label="српски (ћирилица) ‪(sr-ec)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=sr-el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Latn" label="srpski (latinica) ‪(sr-el)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=yi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="yi" label="ייִדיש ‪(yi)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:EU-Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Tsjeggië"><img alt="Ligging van Tsjeggië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/250px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/375px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/500px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&language=af&params=50_05_N_14_28_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">50°05′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°28′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">50.083°N 14.467°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.083; 14.467</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Grootste stad</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggies" title="Tsjeggies">Tsjeggies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;"><br />• <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister">Eerste minister</a></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Unitêre parlementêre<br />grondwetlike <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr_Pavel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petr Pavel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petr Pavel</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr_Fiala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petr Fiala (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petr Fiala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;">• Prinsdom Boheme<br />• Koninkryk Boheme<br />• <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggo-Slowakye" title="Tsjeggo-Slowakye">Tsjeggo-Slowakye</a><br />• Tsjeggiese<br />Sosialistiese Republiek<br />• Tsjeggiese Republiek<br /></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><br />ca. <a href="/wiki/870" title="870">870</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a><br /><a href="/wiki/28_Oktober" title="28 Oktober">28 Oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/1_Januarie" title="1 Januarie">1 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1_Januarie" title="1 Januarie">1 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a></b><br /> - Totaal<br /> <br /> - Water (%) </td> <td> <br /> 78 871<sup id="cite_ref-landgebruik_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landgebruik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup>  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">115<sup>de</sup></a>)<br />30 452 myl<sup>2</sup><br />2,16 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-landgebruik_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landgebruik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a></b><br /> - 2023-skatting<br /> - 2021-sensus<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td> <br />10 827 529<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">85<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />10 524 167<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />133 / km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">91<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />344,5 / myl<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$564,190 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)">46<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$50 889<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit) per capita">(39<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a></b> (nominaal)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$359,111 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">47<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$32 391<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)_per_capita" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita">(37<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 0,889<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">32<sup>ste</sup></a>)  –  <span style="color:#090">baie hoog</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>) </td> <td>24,8<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_lande_volgens_Gini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van lande volgens Gini (bladsy bestaan nie)">5<sup>de</sup></a>) –  <span style="color:#90">laag</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggiese_kroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjeggiese kroon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kroon</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">CZK</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a></b><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MET" class="mw-redirect" title="MET">MET</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">+1</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/MEST" class="mw-redirect" title="MEST">MEST</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">+2</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.cz" title=".cz">.cz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a></b> </td> <td>+420 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tsjeggië</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tsjeggies" title="Tsjeggies">Tsjeggies</a>: <i>Česko</i>, [ˈtʃɛsko], <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Cs-%C4%8Cesko.ogg" class="internal" title="Cs-Česko.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cs-%C4%8Cesko.ogg" title="Lêer:Cs-Česko.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>), amptelik die <b>Tsjeggiese Republiek</b> (<i>Česká republika</i>, [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka], <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Cs-Ceska_Republika.oga" class="internal" title="Cs-Ceska Republika.oga">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cs-Ceska_Republika.oga" title="Lêer:Cs-Ceska Republika.oga">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>), is 'n <a href="/wiki/Landingeslote_land" title="Landingeslote land">landingeslote land</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Europa" title="Sentraal-Europa">Sentraal-Europa</a>. Dit is die westelike deel van die voormalige <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggo-Slowakye" title="Tsjeggo-Slowakye">Tsjeggo-Slowakye</a>. Dit grens in die weste en noordweste aan <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, in die noordooste aan <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a>, in die ooste aan <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a> en in die suide aan <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a>. Die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> en grootste stad is <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a>. Die land bestaan uit die historiese gebiede van <a href="/wiki/Boheme" title="Boheme">Boheme</a> in die weste en <a href="/wiki/Morawi%C3%AB" title="Morawië">Morawië</a> in die ooste, wat deur 'n uitgestrekte plato, die <a href="/wiki/Boheems-Morawiese_Hoogland" title="Boheems-Morawiese Hoogland">Boheems-Morawiese Hoogland</a>, van mekaar geskei word, asook dele van <a href="/wiki/Silesi%C3%AB" title="Silesië">Silesië</a> (die vroeëre Oostenryks-Silesië, tans meestal <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggies-Silesi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggies-Silesië">Tsjeggies-Silesië</a> genoem). Hulle vervul tans geen administratiewe funksie meer nie omrede die federale tradisies van die voorloperstaat Tsjeggo-Slowakye nie voortgesit word nie. Die Tsjeggiese Republiek is sedert 1999 lid van <a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">NAVO</a> en sedert 2004 lid van die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ez-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ez-map.png/220px-Ez-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Ez-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Tsjeggië</figcaption></figure> <p>Ná die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Slag van Mohács">Slag van Mohács</a> in 1526 het die Tsjeggiese lande onder die heerskappy van die <a href="/wiki/Huis_van_Habsburg" title="Huis van Habsburg">Huis van Habsburg</a> geval. Dit het later deel geword van die <a href="/wiki/Keiserryk_Oostenryk" title="Keiserryk Oostenryk">Keiserryk Oostenryk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk-Hongarye" title="Oostenryk-Hongarye">Oostenryk-Hongarye</a>. </p><p>Die onafhanklike Tsjeggo-Slowaakse Republiek is in 1918 gevorm ná die ineenstorting van die Oostenryk-Hongaarse ryk as gevolg van die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a>. Ná die <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen-ooreenkoms" title="München-ooreenkoms">München-ooreenkoms</a>, Duitse besetting, die daaropvolgende Westerse trouebreuk in die ooreenkomste van die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Versailles" title="Verdrag van Versailles">Verdrag van Versailles</a>, en dankbaarheid vir die bevryding van die grootste deel van Tsjeggo-Slowakye deur die <a href="/wiki/Rooi_Le%C3%ABr" title="Rooi Leër">Rooi Leër</a>, het die Kommunistiese Party van Tsjeggo-Slowakye 'n meerderheidsoorwinning (38%)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in die verkiesing van 1946 behaal. In 'n <a href="/wiki/Staatsgreep" title="Staatsgreep">staatsgreep</a> het die land in 1948 'n <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">kommunistiese</a> staat geword. </p><p>In 1968 het groterwordende ontevredenheid met die regering tot pogings gelei om die kommunistiese bewind te hervorm. Die gebeurtenisse, wat as die <a href="/wiki/Praagse_Lente" title="Praagse Lente">Praagse Lente</a> van 1968 bekend staan, is beëindig met 'n inval deur die magte van die <a href="/wiki/Warskouverdrag" title="Warskouverdrag">Warskouverdraglande</a> (met uitsluiting van <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a>); die troepe het tot die sogenaamde Fluweelrewolusie in 1989 in die land gebly, toe die kommunistiese bewind ineengestort het. In 1993 het Tsjeggo-Slowakye vreedsaam in sy samestellende state, Tsjeggië en <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a>, verdeel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Josef_Mathauser_-_Praotec_%C4%8Cech_na_ho%C5%99e_%C5%98%C3%ADp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Josef_Mathauser_-_Praotec_%C4%8Cech_na_ho%C5%99e_%C5%98%C3%ADp.jpg/220px-Josef_Mathauser_-_Praotec_%C4%8Cech_na_ho%C5%99e_%C5%98%C3%ADp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Josef_Mathauser_-_Praotec_%C4%8Cech_na_ho%C5%99e_%C5%98%C3%ADp.jpg/330px-Josef_Mathauser_-_Praotec_%C4%8Cech_na_ho%C5%99e_%C5%98%C3%ADp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Josef_Mathauser_-_Praotec_%C4%8Cech_na_ho%C5%99e_%C5%98%C3%ADp.jpg/440px-Josef_Mathauser_-_Praotec_%C4%8Cech_na_ho%C5%99e_%C5%98%C3%ADp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Stamvader Tsjech op berg Rip – skildery deur Josef Mathauser</figcaption></figure> <p>Die tradisionele Afrikaanse naam "Boheme" is ontleen aan die <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latynse</a> <i>Boiohaemum</i>, wat "tuiste van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (bladsy bestaan nie)">Boii</a>" ('n <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Galliese</a> stam) beteken. Die huidige Afrikaanse naam is afgelei van die <a href="/wiki/Pools" title="Pools">Poolse</a> etnoniem wat verbind is aan die gebied, en oorspronklik ontleen is aan die Tsjeggiese woord <i>Čech</i>. Dié naam is ontleen aan die <a href="/wiki/Slawi%C3%ABrs" title="Slawiërs">Slawiese</a> stam (Tsjeggies: <i>Češi</i>, <i>Čechové</i>) en, volgens 'n legende, hul leier <a href="/wiki/Ljech,_Tsjech_en_Roes" title="Ljech, Tsjech en Roes">Tsjech</a>, wat hulle na Boheme gebring het waar hulle hulle op berg <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%98%C3%ADp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Říp (bladsy bestaan nie)">Říp</a> gevestig het. Die etimologie van die woord <i>Čech</i> kan teruggespoor word na die <a href="/wiki/Protoslawies" title="Protoslawies">Protoslawiese</a> wortel <i>*čel-</i>, wat beteken "lid van die volk; bloedverwant", wat dit die <a href="/wiki/Kognaat" title="Kognaat">kognaat</a> maak van die Tsjeggiese woord <i>člověk</i> ('n mens).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die land is tradisioneel verdeel in drie lande: <a href="/wiki/Boheme" title="Boheme">Boheme</a> (<i>Čechy</i>) in die weste, <a href="/wiki/Morawi%C3%AB" title="Morawië">Morawië</a> (<i>Morava</i>) in die ooste en <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggies-Silesi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggies-Silesië">Tsjeggies-Silesië</a> (<i>Slezsko</i>; die kleiner, suidoostelike deel van die historiese <a href="/wiki/Silesi%C3%AB" title="Silesië">Silesië</a>, waarvan die grootste deel in die huidige Pole geleë is) in die noordooste.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedert die 14de eeu is dit bekend as "die lande van die Boheemse kroon", maar ook ander name is gebruik om na dié land te verwys, insluitende "Tsjeggies/Boheemse lande", "Boheemse kroon", "Tsjeggië"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en die "lande van die kroon van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenceslaus_van_Boheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenceslaus van Boheme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wenceslaus die Heilige</a>". Toe die land sy onafhanklikheid ná die ontbinding van <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk-Hongarye" title="Oostenryk-Hongarye">Oostenryk-Hongarye</a> in 1918 herwin het, is die nuwe naam <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggo-Slowakye" title="Tsjeggo-Slowakye">Tsjeggo-Slowakye</a> uitgedink om die unie van die Tsjeggiese en Slowaakse nasies in een land te onderstreep.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nadat Tsjeggo-Slowakye op 31 Desember 1992 ontbind is, is <i>Česko</i> as die Tsjeggiese kortnaam vir die nuwe land goedgekeur en die departement van buitelandse sake van die Tsjeggiese Republiek beveel "Tsjeggië" as die Afrikaans-talige ekwivalent aan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Satellite_image_of_Czech_Republic_in_September_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Satellite_image_of_Czech_Republic_in_September_2003.jpg/220px-Satellite_image_of_Czech_Republic_in_September_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Satellite_image_of_Czech_Republic_in_September_2003.jpg/330px-Satellite_image_of_Czech_Republic_in_September_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Satellite_image_of_Czech_Republic_in_September_2003.jpg/440px-Satellite_image_of_Czech_Republic_in_September_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2159" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Tsjeggië</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:CHKO%2BNP_Czech_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CHKO%2BNP_Czech_map.png/220px-CHKO%2BNP_Czech_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CHKO%2BNP_Czech_map.png/330px-CHKO%2BNP_Czech_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CHKO%2BNP_Czech_map.png/440px-CHKO%2BNP_Czech_map.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van beskermde gebiede in Tsjeggië: nasionale parke (grys) en beskermde beskermde landskapgebiede (groen)</figcaption></figure> <p>Tsjeggië is in die hartland van Sentraal-Europa geleë. Meer as vier vyfdes van sy oppervlakte word deur bergstreke en hooglande beslaan, met meerdere bekkenlandskappe wat daartussen geleë is. Die hoogste bergpiek, Sněžka (op 1 602 m bo seevlak), is in die Oos-Boheemse <a href="/wiki/Reusegebergte" title="Reusegebergte">Reusegebergte</a> of Krokonoše-bergreeks geleë. Ander belangrike bergreekse is die <a href="/wiki/Boheemse_Woud" title="Boheemse Woud">Boheemse Woud</a> (<i>Šumava</i>, met hoogtes van tussen 1 000 en 1 400 m) langs die suidwestelike grens van Tsjeggië, die Ertsgebergte (met die bergpiek Krušné hory op 1 244 m) en die Sudetereeks (<i>Sudety</i>). Die Boheemse Middelgebergte se pieke verrys suidoos van die Ertsgebergte aan weerskante van die <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elberivier</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nasionale_parke">Nasionale parke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Nasionale parke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nasionale parke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsjeggië beskik oor vier nasionale parke: Die oudste is Reusegebergte- Nasionale Park (<i>Krkonošský národní park</i>) en die ander is Boheemse Woud- Nasionale Park (<i>Národní park Šumava</i>), Thayavallei- Nasionale Park (<i>Národní park Podyjí</i>) en Boheemse Switserland- Nasionale Park (<i>Národní park České Švýcarsko</i>). </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe5"> <th>Naam </th> <th>Stigting </th> <th>Oppervlakte [ha] </th> <th class="unsortable">Ligging </th> <th class="unsortable" width="90px">Kaart </th> <th class="unsortable" width="90px">Beeld </th></tr> <tr> <td>Reusegebergte- Nasionale Park<br />(<i>Krkonošský národní park</i>) </td> <td style="text-align:right">1963 </td> <td style="text-align:right">36 300 </td> <td>Liberecký-streek, Královéhradecký-streek </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Krkono%C5%A1e_National_Park_(CZE)_-_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Krkono%C5%A1e_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/100px-Krkono%C5%A1e_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Krkono%C5%A1e_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/150px-Krkono%C5%A1e_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Krkono%C5%A1e_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/200px-Krkono%C5%A1e_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5342" data-file-height="3123" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Czarny_Grzbiet_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Czarny_Grzbiet_2.jpg/100px-Czarny_Grzbiet_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Czarny_Grzbiet_2.jpg/150px-Czarny_Grzbiet_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Czarny_Grzbiet_2.jpg/200px-Czarny_Grzbiet_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thayavallei- Nasionale Park<br />(<i>Národní park Podyjí</i>) </td> <td style="text-align:right">1991 </td> <td style="text-align:right">6 300 </td> <td>Jihomoravský-streek </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_(CZE)_-_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/100px-Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/150px-Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/200px-Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5342" data-file-height="3123" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_(CZE)_-_view_from_the_Hardegg_Viewpoint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_view_from_the_Hardegg_Viewpoint.jpg/100px-Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_view_from_the_Hardegg_Viewpoint.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_view_from_the_Hardegg_Viewpoint.jpg/150px-Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_view_from_the_Hardegg_Viewpoint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_view_from_the_Hardegg_Viewpoint.jpg/200px-Podyj%C3%AD_National_Park_%28CZE%29_-_view_from_the_Hardegg_Viewpoint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="470" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boheemse Woud- Nasionale Park<br />(<i>Národní park Šumava</i>) </td> <td style="text-align:right">1991 </td> <td style="text-align:right">68 520 </td> <td>Jihočeský-streek, Plzeňský-streek </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_(CZE)_-_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/100px-%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/150px-%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/200px-%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5342" data-file-height="3123" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Chalupska-slat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Chalupska-slat.jpg/100px-Chalupska-slat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Chalupska-slat.jpg/150px-Chalupska-slat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Chalupska-slat.jpg/200px-Chalupska-slat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="711" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boheemse Switserland- Nasionale Park<br />(<i>Národní park České Švýcarsko</i>) </td> <td style="text-align:right">2000 </td> <td style="text-align:right">7 900 </td> <td>Ústecký-streek </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_(CZE)_-_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/100px-%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/150px-%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg/200px-%C5%A0umava_National_Park_and_Landscape_protected_Area_%28CZE%29_-_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5342" data-file-height="3123" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pravcicka_brana_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pravcicka_brana_001.jpg/100px-Pravcicka_brana_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pravcicka_brana_001.jpg/150px-Pravcicka_brana_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pravcicka_brana_001.jpg/200px-Pravcicka_brana_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="802" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom hintergrundfarbe5" style="font-weight:bold;"> <td>Algeheel </td> <td style="text-align:right"> </td> <td style="text-align:right">119 020 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenmerke_en_invloede">Kenmerke en invloede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Kenmerke en invloede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kenmerke en invloede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_park_Podyj%C3%AD_Dyje_Nationalpark_Thayatal_2013_10_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_park_Podyj%C3%AD_Dyje_Nationalpark_Thayatal_2013_10_a.jpg/220px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_park_Podyj%C3%AD_Dyje_Nationalpark_Thayatal_2013_10_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_park_Podyj%C3%AD_Dyje_Nationalpark_Thayatal_2013_10_a.jpg/330px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_park_Podyj%C3%AD_Dyje_Nationalpark_Thayatal_2013_10_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_park_Podyj%C3%AD_Dyje_Nationalpark_Thayatal_2013_10_a.jpg/440px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_park_Podyj%C3%AD_Dyje_Nationalpark_Thayatal_2013_10_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4349" data-file-height="3263" /></a><figcaption>'n Stabiele hoëdrukgebied in die najaar met sonnige weer word as "Goue Oktober" waargeneem. Beukebome tower die Nasionale Podyjí Dyjepark in Suid-Morawië op met hul rooi herfskleure en weerkaats in die rustige wateroppervlak van 'n klein meer</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Tsjeggiese Republiek is 'n landingeslote land wat in die gematigde breedtegrade van die <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Halfrond" title="Noordelike Halfrond">Noordelike Halfrond</a> geleë is. Sy gematigde <a href="/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat">klimaat</a> varieer volgens geografiese streke, afhangende van die hoogte bo seevlak en seisoen.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So word in die bergreekse laer gemiddelde temperature aangeteken as in die laer landsdele en oefen gebergtes, wat in die grensgebiede geleë is, merkbare invloed uit op die vloei van lugmassa's en neerslae in laagliggende streke. </p><p>Die wisselende hoogte van die <a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">son</a> in die loop van 'n jaar veroorsaak dat vier verskillende seisoene met kenmerkende verskille ten opsigte van temperature en neerslae mekaar afwissel. Net soos in ander dele van die Noordelike Halfrond se gematigde sone begin die kalenderjaar in Tsjeggië met 'n koue <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a>, gevolg deur <a href="/wiki/Lente" title="Lente">lente</a>, 'n warm <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somer</a> en 'n koel <a href="/wiki/Herfs" title="Herfs">herfs</a>. Weerstoestande is egter wisselvallig, met groter afwykings van die langtermyn gemiddelde <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">reënval</a> en <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuur</a>. Dié variasie spruit voort uit die veranderende ligging en grootte van twee belangrike drukgebiede – die <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Yslandse</a> Laedrukgebied en die <a href="/wiki/Asore" title="Asore">Asore</a>-hoëdrukgebied. Veral gedurende die warm middel van die jaar het 'n uitbreiding van die hoëdrukgebied na Tsjeggië warmer en droër weerstoestande tot gevolg, terwyl die Yslandse Laagdrukgebied bewolking en reënval saambring as dit in rigting van Tsjeggië beweeg. </p><p>Topografiese verskeidenheid is die belangrikste klimatologiese faktor in Tsjeggië, en so hang die gemiddelde temperatuur van 'n bepaalde streek hoofsaaklik af van sy ligging bo seevlak. Wanneer die lug op die land se hoogste bergpiek, Sněžka (Schneekoppe) in die Reusegebergte op 1 602 meter, afkoel tot slegs 0,4 °C, word in die Suidoos-Morawiese laagland nog byna 10 °C aangeteken. Die hoogste gemiddelde jaarlikse temperature word in die hoofstad Praag gemeet – danksy die sogenaamde "warmte-eilandffek" in beboude stedelike gebiede. </p><p>Ook die gemiddelde jaarlikse reënval word deur die hoogte bo seevlak bepaal. Die natste gebiede is die hoogste bergreeks se steil noordwestelike hellings met meer as 1 200 millimeter. Die droogste streke is die laagliggende suidooste van Morawië en die noordweste van Boheme. Die laasgenoemde is in die Krušné-bergreeks se reënskadu geleë. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seisoene">Seisoene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Seisoene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Seisoene"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Na_hrad%C4%9B_je_Popel%C4%8Din_b%C3%A1l.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Na_hrad%C4%9B_je_Popel%C4%8Din_b%C3%A1l.jpg/220px-Na_hrad%C4%9B_je_Popel%C4%8Din_b%C3%A1l.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Na_hrad%C4%9B_je_Popel%C4%8Din_b%C3%A1l.jpg/330px-Na_hrad%C4%9B_je_Popel%C4%8Din_b%C3%A1l.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Na_hrad%C4%9B_je_Popel%C4%8Din_b%C3%A1l.jpg/440px-Na_hrad%C4%9B_je_Popel%C4%8Din_b%C3%A1l.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3395" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Die kasteel van Švihov op 'n koue winteraand</figcaption></figure> <p>Desember, Januarie en Februarie word as die wintermaande gereken. Die laagste temperature word in Januarie aangeteken wanneer die maandelikse gemiddeld selfs in laer geleë landsdele benede vriespunt is. Neerslae in die berggebiede val dan gewoonlik as <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">sneeu</a>, in die laagland reën of sneeu dit na gelang van temperature. Van die bergstreke, wat maande lank met sneeu bedek is, het tot gewilde wintersportbestemmings ontwikkel. </p><p>Temperature styg skerp in die lentetyd gedurende Maart, April en Mei. 'n Gewilde gesegde beskryf die kenmerkende eienskappe van elkeen van die lentemaande: </p> <table cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ) border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cquote1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/20px-Cquote1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/30px-Cquote1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/40px-Cquote1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Březen – za kamna vlezem,<br />duben – ještě tam budem,<br />máj – půjdeme v háj.</i><br /><br />In Maart – sit ons voor die kaggel.<br />In April – sit ons steeds daar.<br />In Mei – stap ons uit na die tuin.<br /> </td> <td valign="bottom"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cquote2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/20px-Cquote2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/30px-Cquote2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/40px-Cquote2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:K%C5%99ivokl%C3%A1tsko_-_Podzimn%C3%AD_bu%C4%8Dina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/K%C5%99ivokl%C3%A1tsko_-_Podzimn%C3%AD_bu%C4%8Dina.JPG/220px-K%C5%99ivokl%C3%A1tsko_-_Podzimn%C3%AD_bu%C4%8Dina.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/K%C5%99ivokl%C3%A1tsko_-_Podzimn%C3%AD_bu%C4%8Dina.JPG/330px-K%C5%99ivokl%C3%A1tsko_-_Podzimn%C3%AD_bu%C4%8Dina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/K%C5%99ivokl%C3%A1tsko_-_Podzimn%C3%AD_bu%C4%8Dina.JPG/440px-K%C5%99ivokl%C3%A1tsko_-_Podzimn%C3%AD_bu%C4%8Dina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>Herfskleure in Křivoklátsko, Wes-Tsjeggië</figcaption></figure> <p>Die laaste sneeu smelt gewoonlik in die middel van die lente, en selfs in die hoogste Tsjeggiese bergstreke is April die begin van die blomtyd. Danksy die smeltende sneeu bereik Tsjeggiese riviere in dié tyd hul hoogste watervlakke. Baie volkstradisies word met dié tyd van die jaar verbind. </p><p>In Julie, die warmste somermaand, is die gemiddelde temperatuur sowat 20 °C hoër as in Januarie, met uiterstes van meer as 30 °C op baie warm dae. Watertemperature is in die tweede helfte van die somer hoog genoeg om swemmers na die riviere te lok – of diegene, wat van koeler temperature hou, na die berggebiede laat stroom. In Augustus kom dikwels langer periodes met warm weerstoestande voor. </p><p>September, Oktober en November is die herfsmaande in Tsjeggië, met dikwels nog betreklik warm en droë weerstoestande in September. Eers vroeg in Oktober begin die kwik weer merkbaar daal, met 'n gemiddeld van minder as 10 °C. Die Tsjeggiese term vir "November", <i>listopad</i>, verwys na vallende blare. Strawwe ryp en koue nagtemperature kondig die winterseisoen aan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voor-_en_vroeë_geskiedenis"><span id="Voor-_en_vroe.C3.AB_geskiedenis"></span>Voor- en vroeë geskiedenis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Voor- en vroeë geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voor- en vroeë geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vestonicka_venuse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vestonicka_venuse.jpg/170px-Vestonicka_venuse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vestonicka_venuse.jpg/255px-Vestonicka_venuse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vestonicka_venuse.jpg/340px-Vestonicka_venuse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_van_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venus van Dolní Věstonice (bladsy bestaan nie)">Venus van Dolní Věstonice</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vir die teenwoordigheid van mense tydens die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ou-Paleolitikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ou-Paleolitikum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ou-Paleolitikum</a> is daar slegs indirekte vondse. Die oudste <a href="/wiki/Gereedskap" title="Gereedskap">gereedskapsvonde</a> dateer uit die Cromerië-warmtydperk, hul status as argeologiese artefakte word egter dikwels betwyfel. Uit die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middel-Paleolitikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middel-Paleolitikum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Middel-Paleolitikum</a> is gereedskap gevind, wat deur die <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a> vervaardig is, en grotte asook rusplekke van die <a href="/wiki/Neanderdaller" title="Neanderdaller">Neanderdaller</a>. Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vroe%C3%AB_Paleolitikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vroeë Paleolitikum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vroeë Paleolitikum</a> is die <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon-mens" title="Cro-Magnon-mens">Cro-Magnon-mens</a> se tydperk. Die bekendste paleolitiese verskynsel op die gebied van die huidige Tsjeggië is die <a href="/wiki/Mammoet" title="Mammoet">Mammoet</a>-jagter se kultuur uit die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravettien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravettien (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gravettien</a>, wat rondom 29 000–24 000 v.C. opgebloei en veral met <a href="/wiki/Morawi%C3%AB" title="Morawië">Morawiese</a> vondse soos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolní Věstonice (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dolní Věstonice</a> verbind word.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png/220px-Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png/330px-Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png/440px-Karte_M%C3%A4hrerreich_Svatopluk_I.png 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Vermoedelike uitbreiding van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morawiese_Ryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morawiese Ryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Morawiese Ryk</a> onder vors <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svatopluk_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svatopluk I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Svatopluk I</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vir die tydperk van 5300 tot 4500 v.C. is 'n groot <a href="/wiki/Neolitikum" title="Neolitikum">Neolitiese</a> vestiging opgespoor. Aan die einde van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laat-Neolitikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laat-Neolitikum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Laat-Neolitikum</a> was die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toubekerkultuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toubekerkultuur (bladsy bestaan nie)">Toubekerkultuur</a> met verskeie groot grafvelde in Noord-<a href="/wiki/Boheme" title="Boheme">Boheme</a> en die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klokbekerkultuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klokbekerkultuur (bladsy bestaan nie)">Klokbekerkultuur</a> teenwoordig. In die <a href="/wiki/Bronstydperk" title="Bronstydperk">Bronstydperk</a> is veral die <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9An%C4%9Bticekultuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úněticekultuur (bladsy bestaan nie)">Úněticekultuur</a> noemenswaardig. Daarop het die Grafheuwel- en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urnveldkultuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urnveldkultuur (bladsy bestaan nie)">Urnveldkulture</a> gevolg. In die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lat%C3%A8netydperk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latènetydperk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Latènetydperk</a> het die <a href="/wiki/Kelte" title="Kelte">Keltiese</a> stam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (bladsy bestaan nie)">Boii</a> hulle in dele van die huidige Tsjeggië gevestig, wie se <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latynse</a> naam <i>Boiohaemum</i> die oorsprong van die landsnaam Boheme is. Op die Kelte het aan die begin van die eerste eeu n.C. <a href="/wiki/Germane" title="Germane">Germaanse</a> stamme soos die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Markomanne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markomanne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Markomanne</a> in Boheme en die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quade (bladsy bestaan nie)">Quade</a> in Morawië gevolg. Tydens die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volksverhuising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volksverhuising (bladsy bestaan nie)">Volksverhuising</a> word volgens argeologiese en historiese bronne 'n ontvolking van die gebied vermoed. Rondom 550 het <a href="/wiki/Slawi%C3%ABrs" title="Slawiërs">Slawiërs</a> hulle in die gebied gevestig, hul oorsprong was vermoedelik oos van die <a href="/wiki/Dnjepr" title="Dnjepr">Dnjepr</a>. Hulle het van 623 tot 658 oor die eerste ryk geheers, die sogenoemde Ryk van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samo (bladsy bestaan nie)">Samo</a>. Van 768 tot 814 is Boheme waarskynlik deur die <a href="/wiki/Frankiese_Ryk" title="Frankiese Ryk">Frankiese Ryk</a> onder <a href="/wiki/Karel_die_Grote" title="Karel die Grote">Karel die Grote</a> beheer. </p><p>In die eerste derde van die 9de eeu ten laaste het onder vors <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mojmir_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mojmir I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mojmir I</a> die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morawiese_Ryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morawiese Ryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Morawiese Ryk</a> ontstaan; hy is deur die vorste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rastislav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rastislav (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rastislav</a> in 846 en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svatopluk_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svatopluk I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Svatopluk I</a> in 870 opgevolg. In 864 het die <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse</a> <a href="/wiki/Monnik" title="Monnik">monnike</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyrillus_en_Methodius" title="Cyrillus en Methodius">Cyrillus en Methodius</a> in Morawië aangekom. Hulle het die grondslag vir die Slawiese liturgie geleë. In 869 is Cyrillus oorlede, waarmee die Bisantynse missie tot 'n einde gekom het. Van 888/890 tot 895 was Boheme deel van die Morawiese Ryk. In 894 is Rastislav se opvolger Svatopluk I dood, dit het die begin van die Morawiese Ryk se einde ingelui, en die terugkeer na die Westelike Latynse kerk en kultuur. In 895 het die Morawiese vors <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spytihn%C4%9Bv_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spytihněv I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Spytihněv I</a> in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> die Oos-Frankiërs se gesag oor Boheme aanvaar. In 907 het die ryk ineengestort. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Přemysliden-dinastie"><span id="P.C5.99emysliden-dinastie"></span>Přemysliden-dinastie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Přemysliden-dinastie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Přemysliden-dinastie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:P%C5%99emyslovci_erb.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/P%C5%99emyslovci_erb.svg/220px-P%C5%99emyslovci_erb.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/P%C5%99emyslovci_erb.svg/330px-P%C5%99emyslovci_erb.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/P%C5%99emyslovci_erb.svg/440px-P%C5%99emyslovci_erb.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wapen_(heraldiek)" title="Wapen (heraldiek)">Wapen</a> van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%99emysliden-dinastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Přemysliden-dinastie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Přemysliden-dinastie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Aan die einde van die 9de eeu is die eerste bekende hertog uit die <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%99emysliden-dinastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Přemysliden-dinastie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Přemysliden-dinastie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C5%99ivoj_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bořivoj I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bořivoj I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doop" title="Doop">gedoop</a>. Die Přemyslide <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenceslaus_die_Heilige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenceslaus die Heilige (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wenceslaus</a> is in 929 (of 935) deur sy broer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boleslav_I_van_Bohemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boleslav I van Bohemen (bladsy bestaan nie)">Boleslav</a> vermoor en het daarmee die <a href="/wiki/Beskermheilige" title="Beskermheilige">beskermheilige</a> van die land geword. In 973 het biskop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_van_Regensburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang van Regensburg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wolfgang van Regensburg</a> ingestem in die stigting van 'n Bisdom in <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C4%9Btmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dětmar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dětmar</a> het die eerste biskop geword en die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adalbert_van_Praag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adalbert van Praag (bladsy bestaan nie)">heilige Adalbert</a> (Vojtěch) die tweede. In 1003 het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boles%C5%82aw_I_van_Pole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolesław I van Pole (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bolesław I van Pole</a> Boheme verower (tot 1004), in 1031 is Morawië by Boheme ingelyf (en het in 1182 'n <a href="/wiki/Markgraaf" title="Markgraaf">markgraafskap</a> geword). In 1038 het <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C5%99etislav_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Břetislav I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Břetislav I</a> van Boheme Pole binnegeval en Adalbert se bene uit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gniezno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gniezno (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gnesen</a> geroof. </p><p>In 1085 het die <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse</a> keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik IV (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hendrik IV</a> die Přemyslide <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vratislav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vratislav II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vratislav II</a> as die eerste Boheemse koning gekroon. In die 12de/13de eeu het Duitse settlers hulle langs die Boheemse grensgebiede gevestig. In die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisiliaanse_Goue_Bul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sisiliaanse Goue Bul (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sisiliaanse Goue Bul</a> van 1212 het keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Frederik II</a> die Boheemse heerser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottokar_I_van_Boheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottokar I van Boheme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ottokar I van Boheme</a> die erflike koningstitel toegestaan. Sedertdien was die Koninkryk Boheme 'n deel van die Heilige Romeinse Ryk, maar met 'n groot outonomie. Die Boheemse heersers het nou tot die sewe <a href="/wiki/Keurvors" title="Keurvors">keurvorste</a> behoort. As lede van die kollege het die Boheemse koning dikwels 'n groot politieke gesag binne die ryk uitgeoefen. Onder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottokar_II_van_Boheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottokar II van Boheme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ottokar II van Boheme</a> het die Přemysliden hul hoogtepunt aan mag bereik. </p><p>Van 1300 af was daar 'n kortstondige Boheemse-Poolse personele unie onder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenceslaus_II_van_Boheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenceslaus II van Boheme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wenceslaus II van Boheme</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenceslaus_III_van_Boheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenceslaus III van Boheme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wenceslaus III van Boheme</a> (die titulêre koning in Pole). In 1306 is Wenceslaus III in <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> vermoor, waarmee die Přemysliden-dinastie tot 'n einde gekom het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huis_van_Luxemburg">Huis van Luxemburg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Huis van Luxemburg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Huis van Luxemburg"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/220px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/330px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png/440px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Karl_IV.png 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Boheme en ander besittings van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel IV (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karel IV</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Praga_-_Ponte_Karl_-_Statua_di_Karl_IV_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Praga_-_Ponte_Karl_-_Statua_di_Karl_IV_-_panoramio.jpg/170px-Praga_-_Ponte_Karl_-_Statua_di_Karl_IV_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Praga_-_Ponte_Karl_-_Statua_di_Karl_IV_-_panoramio.jpg/255px-Praga_-_Ponte_Karl_-_Statua_di_Karl_IV_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Praga_-_Ponte_Karl_-_Statua_di_Karl_IV_-_panoramio.jpg/340px-Praga_-_Ponte_Karl_-_Statua_di_Karl_IV_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Standbeeld van Karel IV by die <a href="/wiki/Karelsbrug" title="Karelsbrug">Karelsbrug</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1310 het <a href="/wiki/Johan_die_Blinde" title="Johan die Blinde">Johan van Luxemburg</a>, seun van keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik VII (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hendrik VII</a>, in die huwelik getree met die Boheemse prinses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_I_van_Boheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisabeth I van Boheme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Elisabeth</a>, dogter van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenceslaus_II_van_Boheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenceslaus II van Boheme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wenceslaus II van Boheme</a>, en Boheemse koning geword tot in 1346. Ná sy dood tydens die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_by_Cr%C3%A9cy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag by Crécy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Slag by Crécy</a> is hy in 1347 opgevolg deur sy seun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel IV (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karel IV</a> as Boheemse koning. In 1348 het Karel IV die <a href="/wiki/Karelsuniversiteit" title="Karelsuniversiteit">Karelsuniversiteit</a> as eerste universiteit noord van die <a href="/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe">Alpe</a> gestig. In 1355 is Karel IV in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> deur <a href="/wiki/Pous_Innocentius_VI" title="Pous Innocentius VI">pous Innocentius VI</a> as keiser van die Heilige Romeinse Ryk gekroon. Hy het <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> as sy hoofstad verkies. In 1356 het Karel IV 'n <a href="/wiki/Goue_Bul" title="Goue Bul">Goue Bul</a>, die belangrikste van die Heilige Romeinse Ryk se "grondwette" tot die einde van die ou ryk in 1806, laat uitvaardig. In die Goue Bul van Karel IV is onder andere die verkiesing van die Heilige Romeinse Ryk se konings deur die keurvorste en hul kroningseremonie bepaal. In 1378 het Karel IV in sy testament sy erfgrond onder sy seuns verdeel. Die hoofgebied Koninkryk Boheme het sy seun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenceslaus_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenceslaus IV (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wenceslaus IV</a> geërf, wie ook Duitse koning geword het. Hy is in 1420 deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigismund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigismund (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sigismund</a> as Boheemse koning opgevolg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hussietebeweging">Hussietebeweging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Hussietebeweging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Hussietebeweging"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/170px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/255px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/340px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> is tydens die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsilie_van_Konstanz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsilie van Konstanz (bladsy bestaan nie)">Konsilie van Konstanz</a> in 1415 op die brandstapel verbrand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Kingdom_of_Bohemia_during_the_Hussite_Wars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kingdom_of_Bohemia_during_the_Hussite_Wars.jpg/170px-Kingdom_of_Bohemia_during_the_Hussite_Wars.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kingdom_of_Bohemia_during_the_Hussite_Wars.jpg/255px-Kingdom_of_Bohemia_during_the_Hussite_Wars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Kingdom_of_Bohemia_during_the_Hussite_Wars.jpg/340px-Kingdom_of_Bohemia_during_the_Hussite_Wars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lande_van_die_Boheemse_Kroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lande van die Boheemse Kroon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lande van die Boheemse Kroon</a> in die 15de eeu</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1415 is die kerkhervormer <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> tydens die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsilie_van_Konstanz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsilie van Konstanz (bladsy bestaan nie)">Konsilie van Konstanz</a> as <a href="/wiki/Kettery" title="Kettery">Ketter</a> veroordeel en op die brandstapel verbrand. Dit het die <a href="/wiki/Hussiete" title="Hussiete">Hussietebeweging</a> ingelui, wat tussen 1415 en 1434 die politieke en godsdienstige situasie in Boheme aansienlik beïnvloed en aanleiding gegee het tot die Hussiete-oorloë, wat ná die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eerste_Praagse_defenestrasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eerste Praagse defenestrasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Praagse defenestrasie van 1419</a> uitgebreek het. Ná verskeie nederlae van sy magte in Boheme was die invloedsfeer van die Boheemse en Hongaarse koning en Romeinse keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigismund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigismund (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sigismund</a> in sy erfland tydelik op slegs buitewyke (onder andere Suid-Boheme onder die gesag van die adellike familie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huis_Rosenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huis Rosenberg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis Rosenberg</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Lausitz" title="Lausitz">Lausitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silesi%C3%AB" title="Silesië">Silesië</a> en dele van die <a href="/wiki/Markgraaf" title="Markgraaf">markgraafgrap</a> Morawië) beperk. Die Hussiete se belangrikste bevelvoerders was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_%C5%BDi%C5%BEka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Žižka (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jan Žižka</a> en ná sy dood in 1424 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Prokop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Prokop (bladsy bestaan nie)">Prokop Holý</a>. Die Hussietebeweging se sentrum was die nuutgestigte nedersetting <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A1bor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tábor (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tábor</a>. Die beweging se radikale vleuel kon eers in 1434 tydens die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_by_Lipany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag by Lipany (bladsy bestaan nie)">Slag by Lipany</a> verslaan word. In 1458 het die Boheemse stande <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_van_Podiebrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George van Podiebrad (bladsy bestaan nie)">George van Podiebrad</a> (Tsjeggies: <i>Jiří z Poděbrad</i>) as koning van Boheme verkies en hy het daarmee die eerste voor-<a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">Protestantse</a> koning in Europa geword. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heerskappy_van_die_Jagiellone">Heerskappy van die Jagiellone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Heerskappy van die Jagiellone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Heerskappy van die Jagiellone"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ná die dood van koning Jiří z Poděbrad in 1471 het die Boheemse stande die <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pools</a>-<a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litause</a> Jagiellone-dinastie as nuwe heersers van die Koninkryk verkies. Eers was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wladislaus_II_van_Hongarye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wladislaus II van Hongarye (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wladislaus II van Hongarye</a> die verkose koning van Boheme. Die tweede heerser uit die dinastie, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_II_van_Hongarye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk II van Hongarye (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk II</a>, is tydens die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Slag van Mohács">Slag van Mohács</a> teen die Turke dood, wat in 'n rampspoedige nederlaag vir sy magte geëindig het. Vervolgens was die Boheemse en Hongaarse Kroon weer vry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heerskappy_van_die_Habsburgers">Heerskappy van die Habsburgers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Heerskappy van die Habsburgers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Heerskappy van die Habsburgers"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van 1526 tot 1918 was die Koninkryk Boheme met al die lande van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenceslaskroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenceslaskroon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wenceslaskroon</a> deel van die <a href="/wiki/Huis_van_Habsburg" title="Huis van Habsburg">Huis van Habsburg</a> se heerskappy. In 1526 het die Boheemse stande die Habsburgse <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I" title="Ferdinand I">Ferdinand I</a> as koning aanvaar. In 1547 het die Boheemse stande in opstand gekom teen Ferdinand I. Nadat dit onderdruk is, is eerste beperkings op die Koninkryk Boheme se voorregte ingestel, die faktiese godsdienstige vryhede is egter nie aangetas nie. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:AACHEN,_Hans_von_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II_-_WGA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/AACHEN%2C_Hans_von_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II_-_WGA.jpg/170px-AACHEN%2C_Hans_von_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II_-_WGA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/AACHEN%2C_Hans_von_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II_-_WGA.jpg/255px-AACHEN%2C_Hans_von_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II_-_WGA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/AACHEN%2C_Hans_von_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II_-_WGA.jpg/340px-AACHEN%2C_Hans_von_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II_-_WGA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="1625" /></a><figcaption>Keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rudolf II</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1583 het keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rudolf II</a>, Ferdinand I se kleinseun, met die hele hof van <a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a> na Praag verhuis. Die Boheemse hoofstad het weer 'n belangrike sentrum van politiek, kuns en wetenskap geword. In 1609 het Rudolf II die Majesteitsbrief oor godsdienstige vryheid goedgekeur. Op 23 Mei 1611, gedurende Rudolf II se leeftyd, het sy broer <a href="/wiki/Matthias_(HRR)" title="Matthias (HRR)">Matthias</a> die mag in die Koninkryk Boheme oorgeneem. Ná Rudolf se dood is Matthias op 20 Januarie 1612 ook as Romeinse keiser verkies. Matthias het die hof terug na Wene verskuif en die politiek grootliks oorgelaat aan sy kanselier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchior_Khlesl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchior Khlesl (bladsy bestaan nie)">Khlesl</a>, wat op gelykstelling tussen die denominasies bly fokus het. Die denominasionele geskille in Boheme het egter opnuut opgevlam, toe Matthias se neef en aangewese opvolger <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ferdinand II</a> (keiser van 1619 tot 1637) die mag in die koninkryk oorgeneem het. In 1617 het die stande hom as Boheemse koning verkies, hoewel hy bekend was vir sy streng <a href="/wiki/Teenhervorming" title="Teenhervorming">teenreformasiebeleid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dertigjarige_Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Dertigjarige Oorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Dertigjarige Oorlog"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Dertigjarige_Oorlog" title="Dertigjarige Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/220px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/330px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG/440px-Prager_Fenstersturz_Wahrhafftige_Zeitung_aus_Prag.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Praagse_defenestrasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tweede Praagse defenestrasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Praagse defenestrasie van 1618</a> op 'n kontemporêre pamflet</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg/220px-Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg/330px-Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg/440px-Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_op_die_Witte_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag op die Witte Berg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Slag op die Witte Berg</a> in 1620</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1618 het op die hoogtepunt van die ontevredenheid met die Habsburgers se beleid teenoor hul land verskeie verteenwoordigers van die oorwegend Boheemse Protestanse stande die <a href="/wiki/Praagse_kasteel" title="Praagse kasteel">Praagse kasteel</a> se kanselary (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hradschin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hradschin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hradschin</a>) binnegedring en twee keiserlike goewerneurs asook een skrywer die venster uitgegooi. Al drie persone het die sluipmoordpoging oorleef met beswaarlik min beserings. Hierdie sogenoemde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Praagse_defenestrasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tweede Praagse defenestrasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tweede Praagse defenestrasie</a> het aanleiding gegee tot die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boheemse_Opstand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boheemse Opstand (bladsy bestaan nie)">Boheemse Opstand</a>. Dié opstand het gelei tot die <a href="/wiki/Dertigjarige_Oorlog" title="Dertigjarige Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</a> (1618–1648), wat groot dele van veral Duitsland en Tsjeggië verwoes het. </p><p>In 1619 is keiser Matthias oorlede. In Augustus het die Boheemse stande die Duitse Protestant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_van_die_Palts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik van die Palts (bladsy bestaan nie)">Frederik van die Palts</a> as nuwe Boheemse koning verkies. Toe Frederik in <a href="/wiki/Herfs" title="Herfs">herfs</a> in Praag gekroon is en daar ingetrek het, het die konflik met die Habsburgers 'n saak van die ryk geword. In 1620 het die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_op_die_Witte_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag op die Witte Berg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Slag op die Witte Berg</a> by Praag in 'n beslissende nederlaag van die Boheemse stande teen die keiserlike troepe geëindig. </p><p>Frederik van die Palts het uit die land gevlug (hy is "winterkoning" genoem, aangesien hy slegs een <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a> aan bewind was). Die leiers van die opstand, altesaam 27 adelikes en Praagse burgers van sowel Tsjeggiese as Duitse herkoms, is op 21 Junie 1621 op die Praagse Sentrale Markplein tereggestel, sommiges op 'n wrede manier. Baie Protestante, waaronder belangrike verteenwoordigers van die Boheemse adel en die geestelike lewe soos die biskop van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boheemse_Broers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boheemse Broers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Boheemse Broers</a> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Amos_Comenius" title="Johann Amos Comenius">Johann Amos Comenius</a>, het die land verlaat en in ballingskap gegaan. Van hul omvangryke goedere is in beslag geneem en oorhandig aan die <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke Kerk</a> en keiserlike ondersteuners soos <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Wallenstein</a>. </p><p>Die vir Boheme ná die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_op_die_Witte_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag op die Witte Berg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Slag op die Witte Berg</a> beginnende noodlottige tydperk word in die Tsjeggiese geskiedskrywing as die <i>temno</i>-tydperk, die "tydperk van duisternis", genoem. Tydens die Dertigjarige Oorlog het keiser Ferdinand II 'n streng onderdrukkingsbeleid afgedwing teenoor nie-Katolieke in sy heerskappy, veral die Habsburgse erflande insluitende die Koninkryk Boheme. In die Boheemse lande het Duits aanvanklik die tweede <a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">amptelike taal</a> geword, maar spoedig Tsjeggies as die amptelike en die hoërklas se taal amper volledig vervang. Die Koninkryk Boheme se grondwetlike voorregte binne die Ryk is formeel slegs min beperk, maar dié land se onafhanklikheid het fakties vir 'n lang tydperk tot 'n einde gekom. Die gesag oor die land is voortaan en tot in 1918 deur die keiserlike hof en regering in Wene uitgeoefen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nasionale_herlewing_van_die_Tsjegge">Nasionale herlewing van die Tsjegge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Nasionale herlewing van die Tsjegge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Nasionale herlewing van die Tsjegge"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Uni%C4%8Dov,_Josef_II_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Uni%C4%8Dov%2C_Josef_II_statue.jpg/170px-Uni%C4%8Dov%2C_Josef_II_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Uni%C4%8Dov%2C_Josef_II_statue.jpg/255px-Uni%C4%8Dov%2C_Josef_II_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Uni%C4%8Dov%2C_Josef_II_statue.jpg/340px-Uni%C4%8Dov%2C_Josef_II_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Standbeeld van keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Josef II</a> op die Tsjeggiese platteland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD_2.jpg/170px-Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD_2.jpg/255px-Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD_2.jpg/340px-Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Die historikus en politikus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="František Palacký (bladsy bestaan nie)">František Palacký</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:National_Theatre,_Prague,_Bohemia,_Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002708489.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/National_Theatre%2C_Prague%2C_Bohemia%2C_Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002708489.jpg/220px-National_Theatre%2C_Prague%2C_Bohemia%2C_Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002708489.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/National_Theatre%2C_Prague%2C_Bohemia%2C_Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002708489.jpg/330px-National_Theatre%2C_Prague%2C_Bohemia%2C_Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002708489.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/National_Theatre%2C_Prague%2C_Bohemia%2C_Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002708489.jpg/440px-National_Theatre%2C_Prague%2C_Bohemia%2C_Austro-Hungary-LCCN2002708489.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3570" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Die Tsjeggiese <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_divadlo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Národní divadlo (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nasionale Teater</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tussen 1780 en 1790 het keiser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Josef II</a> onder die leuse <i>Alles vir die volk; niks deur die volk nie" (</i>Alles für das Volk; nichts durch das Volk<i>) sy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josefinisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josefinisme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Josefiniese hervormings</a> in die gees van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verligte_despotisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verligte despotisme (bladsy bestaan nie)">verligte despotisme</a> deurgevoer. Een belangrike hervorming was byvoorbeeld die opheffing van <a href="/wiki/Lyfeienskap" title="Lyfeienskap">lyfeienskap</a> in 1781. Aangesien die Boheemse adel se gewoonteregte deur dié hervorming glo in gevaar gestel is, het hulle in teenreaksie die konsep van Boheemse staatsreg uitgevaardig, wat later ook deur burgerlike politici oorgeneem is.</i> </p><p>Van die einde van die 18de eeu tot omtrent 1885 het die nasionale wedergeboorte van die Tsjegge plaasgevind. In reaksie op die Weense sentralisme het van die einde van die 18de eeu intellektuelles die Tsjeggiese nasionale beweging (wedergeboorte) ondersteun. Hulle het die instandhouding, erkenning en gebruik van die Tsjeggiese taal bevorder (ook ondersteun deur die Duitse romantici). Daarop het later die strewe na politieke outonomie gevolg. Die wens na kulturele outonomie het tot die stigting van wetenskaplike geselskappe soos <i>Matice česká</i> en <i>Matice moravská</i> en die gimnastiese beweging <i>Sokol</i> gelei. </p><p>Onmiddellik ná die Slawiese kongres in Praag in Junie 1848 is die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praagse_Pinksteropstand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praagse Pinksteropstand (bladsy bestaan nie)">Praagse Pinksteropstand</a> onderdruk. Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Industrialisasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industrialisasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">industrialisasie</a> het begin en die gesofistikeerde Boheemse lande het die "industriële ruggraat" van die Donaumonargie gevorm. </p><p>Nadat keiser <a href="/wiki/Frans_Josef_I_van_Oostenryk" title="Frans Josef I van Oostenryk">Frans Josef I</a> die neo-absolutisme met die oujaarsaandpatent van 1851 goedgekeur het, was daar met die Oktoberdiploma van 1860, die Februariepatent van 1861 en die Desembergrondwet van 1867 verskeie pogings, om aan die Tsjegge sekere vryhede te verskaf. Soos voorheen was en het hulle egter afgeskeep gevoel in vergelyking teenoor die <a href="/wiki/Duitsers" title="Duitsers">Duitsers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hongare" title="Hongare">Magjare</a>. Nietemin het die Koninkryk Boheme tot in 1918 bestaan, maar nie al die Habsburgers het dit hoegenaamd as noodsaaklik geag om hulle in Praag as koning van Boheme te laat kroon nie. Terwyl Hongarye as koninkryk in personele unie met Oostenryk baie nasionale regte geniet het, was in die lande van die Boheemse Kroon (Boheme, Morawië en Oostenryks-Silesië) nie eens die publikasie van Tsjeggiestalige koerante toegelaat nie. </p><p>Ten einde van 'n Oostenryks-Tsjeggiese kompromie het die Oostenrykse eerste minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasimir_Felix_Badeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasimir Felix Badeni (bladsy bestaan nie)">Badeni</a> in 1897 'n nasionaliteiteregulasie uitgevaardig, waarvolgens al die munisipaliteite in Boheme en Morawië tweetalig bestuur moes word. Daarmee is Tsjeggies in albei kroonlande van 'n minderheits- tot 'n nasionale taal verhef. Vervolgens het die Duitse verteenwoordigers die Ryksraad lamgelê. In 1899 is die nasionaliteiteregulasie weer opgehef. Die Morawiese kompromie van 1905 het ook geen volgehoue suksesse tot gevolg gehad nie, waarop die Boheemse parlement op 26 Julie 1913 eindelik deur 'n keiserlike patent ontbind is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsjeggo-Slowakye">Tsjeggo-Slowakye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Tsjeggo-Slowakye" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Tsjeggo-Slowakye"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggo-Slowakye" title="Tsjeggo-Slowakye">Tsjeggo-Slowakye</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Czechoslovakia01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Czechoslovakia01.png/220px-Czechoslovakia01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Czechoslovakia01.png/330px-Czechoslovakia01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Czechoslovakia01.png/440px-Czechoslovakia01.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Tsjeggo-Slowakye van 1918 tot 1938</figcaption></figure> <p>Van 1914 tot 1918 het Tsjegge in die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> geveg. Teen die monargie het in ballingskap 'n Tsjeggiese en Slowaakse, deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a> aangevoerde opposisie gevorm. Op 28 Oktober 1918 het leidende Tsjeggiese onafhanklikheidstryders ná die ontbinding van die Habsburgse monargie Tsjeggo-Slowakye met Masaryk as eerste staatspresident gestig. Slowakye, wat toe administratief ondergeskik was aan die Koninkryk Hongarye, het onder leiding van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milan_Rastislav_%C5%A0tef%C3%A1nik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milan Rastislav Štefánik (bladsy bestaan nie)">Milan Rastislav Štefánik</a> by die nuwe staat aangesluit. In 1919 het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karpate-Oekra%C3%AFne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karpate-Oekraïne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karpate-Oekraïne</a> toegetree (wat in 1946 deur die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> geannekseer is) en in 1920 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cieszyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cieszyn (bladsy bestaan nie)">Teschen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tussenoorlogse_tydperk_en_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog"><span id="Tussenoorlogse_tydperk_en_Tweede_W.C3.AAreldoorlog"></span>Tussenoorlogse tydperk en Tweede Wêreldoorlog</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Tussenoorlogse tydperk en Tweede Wêreldoorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Tussenoorlogse tydperk en Tweede Wêreldoorlog"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623,_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13623%2C_Tom%C3%A1-_Garrigue_Masaryk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">T. G. Masaryk</a>, die eerste president</figcaption></figure> <p>Van 1918 tot 1938 het die Eerste Tsjeggo-Slowaakse Republiek bestaan. Voor die skeiding van die Tsjeggiese Republiek en die Slowaakse Republiek het vroue op 29 Februarie 1920 in Tsjeggo-Slowakye die algemene aktiewe en passiewe stemreg verkry. Daarmee is die vrouestemreg op nasionale vlak ingevoer.<sup id="cite_ref-ipu-513507_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipu-513507-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martin102_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin102-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die verkiesing vir die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse nasionale vergadering is op 18 en 25 April 1920 gehou.<sup id="cite_ref-Dana216_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana216-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar was 'n groot Duitstalige minderheid wat in die Sudeteland die bevolkingsmeerderheid gevorm het. Tydens die 1930-sensus was die aandeel aan die algehele bevolking op die gebied van die huidige Tsjeggië 29,5%.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Duitsers in Tsjeggo-Slowakye is van 1919 af deur die Duitse Nasionale Party (<i>Deutsche Nationalpartei</i>) verteenwoordig. Die Duitse sosiaaldemokratie was van 1920 tot 1935 die grootste fraksie in die Praagse Huis van Verteenwoordigers en het in 1929 met hul vooristter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Czech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Czech (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ludwig Czech</a>, wie verskeie poste beklee het, ook regeringsparty geword. In 1933 het <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Henlein" title="Konrad Henlein">Konrad Henlein</a> die Sudete-Duitse Party (<i>Sudetendeutsche Partei</i>, SdP) gestig. Met ondersteuning deur Duitsland het die SdP op verrykende outonomie en 'n afstigting van die Duitstalige gebiede van Tsjeggo-Slowakye aangedring en met die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlsbadse_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlsbadse program (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karlsbadse program</a> op 24 April 1938 die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudetekrisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudetekrisis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sudetekrisis</a> verskerp. </p><p>Ná die "<a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a>" van <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a> in Maart 1938 het <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> met die inval in die Sudeteland gedreig. Die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> het as beskermingsmagte ná die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertrag_van_Saint-Germain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertrag van Saint-Germain (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vertrag van Saint-Germain</a> beskermingsverpligtinge teenoor Tsjeggo-Slowakye gehad. Daarbenewens was Frankryk en die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> bondgenote van Tsjeggo-Slowakye. Die regerings van Frankryk en die Verenigde Koninkryk was van mening, dat hulle deur toegewings ("<a href="/wiki/Paaibeleid" title="Paaibeleid">Paaibeleid</a>") 'n dreigende oorlog kon verhoed. Sonder die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse regering se teenwoordigheid het Hitler, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Daladier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Daladier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Daladier</a> op 29 September 1938 die <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen-ooreenkoms" title="München-ooreenkoms">München-ooreenkoms</a> onderteken, waarvolgens Tsjeggo-Slowakye die Sudeteland aan <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">Nazi-Duitsland</a> moes aftree. Die Tsjegge het na dié ooreenkoms as "München-diktaat" of "München-verraad" verwys. Sowat een derde van die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse grondgebied is daarmee by die Duitse Ryk ingelyf. Vervolgens het op 1 Oktober die federale Tweede Tsjeggo-Slowaakse Republiek ontstaan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-505,_Prag,_Burg,_Besuch_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-505%2C_Prag%2C_Burg%2C_Besuch_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-505%2C_Prag%2C_Burg%2C_Besuch_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-505%2C_Prag%2C_Burg%2C_Besuch_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-505%2C_Prag%2C_Burg%2C_Besuch_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-505%2C_Prag%2C_Burg%2C_Besuch_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-505%2C_Prag%2C_Burg%2C_Besuch_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> op die Praagse kasteel op 15 Maart 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Op 5 Oktober 1938 het president <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> bedank en na ballingskap in die Verenigde Koninkryk gegaan. Hy is deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_H%C3%A1cha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Hácha (bladsy bestaan nie)">Emil Hácha</a> opgevolg. </p><p>Ná die besetting van Tsjeggo-Slowakye op 15 Maart 1939 het die nasionaalsosialiste die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protektoraat_Boheme_en_Morawi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protektoraat Boheme en Morawië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Protektoraat Boheme en Morawië</a> gestig. Die Slowaakse Staat was 'n satellietstaat van die Duitse Ryk. Op 27 September 1941 is die goewerneur op permanente verlof, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Neurath</a>, deur die nuwe <i>Reichsprotektor</i> <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> vervang. Op 27 Mei 1942 het Tsjeggo-Slowaakse weerstandsvegters 'n <a href="/wiki/Sluipmoord" title="Sluipmoord">sluipmoord</a> op Heydrich uitgevoer. In 'n vergelding het die nasionaalsosialiste al die inwoners van die twee nedersettings <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lidice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lidice (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lidice</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C5%BE%C3%A1ky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ležáky (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ležáky</a> vermoor. Tydens die Duitse besetting was op Tsjeggiese bodem die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theresienstadt-konsentrasiekamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theresienstadt-konsentrasiekamp (bladsy bestaan nie)">Theresienstadt-konsentrasiekamp</a> en verskeie buitekampe van die <a href="/wiki/Flossenb%C3%BCrg-konsentrasiekamp" title="Flossenbürg-konsentrasiekamp">Flossenbürg-konsentrasiekamp</a>, waaronder die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leitmeritz-buitekamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leitmeritz-buitekamp (bladsy bestaan nie)">Leitmeritz-buitekamp</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Litom%C4%9B%C5%99ice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litoměřice (bladsy bestaan nie)">Litoměřice</a>) in bedryf. </p><p>In 1945 is met die <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Kaschau</a>-program onder die nuwe regering van die eerste minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zden%C4%9Bk_Fierlinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zdeněk Fierlinger (bladsy bestaan nie)">Zdeněk Fierlinger</a> Tsjeggo-Slowakye fakties herstel. Amerikaanse, Sowjetse en Tsjeggo-Slowaakse magte het die land bevry. Die afbakeningslyn tussen die Amerikaanse en die Sowjetse invloedsfere, waarop tydens die <a href="/wiki/Jalta" title="Jalta">Jalta</a>-byeenkoms ooreengekom is, het langs die stede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budweis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budweis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Budweis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilsen" title="Pilsen">Pilsen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary" title="Karlovy Vary">Karlsbad</a> verloop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Einde_van_die_Tweede_Wêreldoorlog_en_Reale_Sosialisme_Realsozialismus"><span id="Einde_van_die_Tweede_W.C3.AAreldoorlog_en_Reale_Sosialisme_Realsozialismus"></span>Einde van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en Reale Sosialisme Realsozialismus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Einde van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en Reale Sosialisme Realsozialismus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Einde van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en Reale Sosialisme Realsozialismus"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg/220px-Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg/330px-Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg/440px-Prague_liberation_1945_konev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Maarskalk <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Konef" title="Iwan Konef">Iwan Konef</a> tydens die bevryding van Praag op 8 Mei 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>Op 5 Mei 1945 het die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praagse_Opstand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praagse Opstand (bladsy bestaan nie)">Praagse Opstand</a> teen die Duitse besettingsmag begin en op 8 Mei was die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> verby. Op 9 Mei het Sowjetse magte Praag binnegeval. President Beneš het weer die bewind oorgeneem. Tydens die herstel van die staat is die sogenoemde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bene%C5%A1-dekrete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beneš-dekrete (bladsy bestaan nie)">Beneš-dekrete</a> goedgekeur. Naas die gewone administratiewe aangeleenthede het dié wette ook die beslaglegging op eiendom en die uitsetting van die Duitsers uit Tsjeggo-Slowakye gereël, wat ná die oorlog as "staatsvyande" beskou is. </p><p>Op 26 Mei 1946 het die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kommunistiese_Party_van_Tsjeggo-Slowakye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kommunistiese Party van Tsjeggo-Slowakye (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kommunistiese Party van Tsjeggo-Slowakye</a> (<i>Komunistická strana Československa</i>, KSČ) die verkiesings gewen, deel van die regering geword en kon, ondersteun deur die Sowjetunie, 'n ontsaglike politieke invloed uitoefen. Vervolgens het <a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a> (KSČ) die eerste minister geword. </p><p>Met die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Februariestaatsgreep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Februariestaatsgreep (bladsy bestaan nie)">Februariestaatsgreep</a> in 1948 het die Kommuniste die mag heeltemal oorgeneem, gevolg deur 'n grondwetwysiging en die herorganisasie van die land volgens die Sowjetmodel. Die eerste sogenoemde "Arbeidspresident" was Klement Gottwald. In November 1952 is die voormalige partysekretaris <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Slánský (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rudolf Slánský</a> saam met elf ander aangeklaagdes in die "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD-proses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slánský-proses (bladsy bestaan nie)">Slánský-proses</a>" ter <a href="/wiki/Doodstraf" title="Doodstraf">dood veroordeel</a>. President Antonín Novotný, wat in 1957 verkies is, het die <a href="/wiki/Stalinisme" title="Stalinisme">Stalinistiese</a> onderdrukking van daardie tyd verteenwoordig. Op die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kafka-konferensie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kafka-konferensie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kafka-konferensie</a> in 1964 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liblice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liblice (bladsy bestaan nie)">Liblice</a> is <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>, wat tot op daardie stadium grootliks verbied was, gerehabiliteer. Oproepe na hervormings het toegeneem en hul hoogtepunt bereik op die vierde Tsjeggiese skrywerskongres in Junie 1967 met direkte kritiek op die politieke leierskap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Praagse_Lente_en_militêre_intervensie_in_1968"><span id="Praagse_Lente_en_milit.C3.AAre_intervensie_in_1968"></span>Praagse Lente en militêre intervensie in 1968</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Praagse Lente en militêre intervensie in 1968" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Praagse Lente en militêre intervensie in 1968"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Praagse_Lente" title="Praagse Lente">Praagse Lente</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Praga_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Praga_11.jpg/220px-Praga_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Praga_11.jpg/330px-Praga_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Praga_11.jpg/440px-Praga_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Inval van die van die <a href="/wiki/Warskouverdrag" title="Warskouverdrag">Warskouverdragtroepe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%BEov_(Horn%C3%AD_B%C5%99e%C4%8Dkov)_-_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE_obr1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%BEov_%28Horn%C3%AD_B%C5%99e%C4%8Dkov%29_-_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE_obr1.jpg/220px-%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%BEov_%28Horn%C3%AD_B%C5%99e%C4%8Dkov%29_-_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE_obr1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%BEov_%28Horn%C3%AD_B%C5%99e%C4%8Dkov%29_-_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE_obr1.jpg/330px-%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%BEov_%28Horn%C3%AD_B%C5%99e%C4%8Dkov%29_-_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE_obr1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%BEov_%28Horn%C3%AD_B%C5%99e%C4%8Dkov%29_-_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE_obr1.jpg/440px-%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%BEov_%28Horn%C3%AD_B%C5%99e%C4%8Dkov%29_-_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE_obr1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3075" data-file-height="2124" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Ystergordyn" title="Ystergordyn">Ystergordyn</a> het Tsjeggo-Slowakye tot in 1989 van die <a href="/wiki/Weste" title="Weste">Weste</a> afgesluit</figcaption></figure> <p>Tussen 3 en 5 Januarie 1968 het die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse Kommunistiese Party se Sentraalkomitee president Novotný afgesit. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a> het die KSČ se nuwe voorsitter geword en generaal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvík Svoboda (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ludvík Svoboda</a> president. Aan die begin van Maart is die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensuur (bladsy bestaan nie)">sensuur</a> gelig. Die "Praagse Lente" het begin en verdere ontwikkeling het meestal spontaan plaasgevind. Op 5 April 1968 is 'n aksieprogram van die KSČ onder Alexander Dubček goedgekeur. Hulle het op 'n "sosialisme met 'n menslike gesig" gemik (gewaarborgde vryheid van vergadering, klein entrepreneurskap, vrylating van politieke gevangenes). </p><p>Op 21 Augustus 1968 het die militêre intervensie teen die Praagse Lente begin: Sowjetse en ander <a href="/wiki/Warskouverdrag" title="Warskouverdrag">Warskouverdragtroepe</a> het Tsjeggo-Slowakye beset. </p><p>Ná aanleiding van dié besetting het Moskou met die <a href="/wiki/Brezjnef-leerstelling" title="Brezjnef-leerstelling">Brezjnef-leerstelling</a> die "Beperkte soewereiniteit van die sosialistiese lande" afgekondig“. Vervolgens het baie Tsjegge die land verlaat. Die daaropvolgende politieke fase is "normalisering" genoem. Op 1 Januarie 1969 het met die inwerkingtreding van die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse Federasie se grondwet die Tsjeggiese Sosialistiese Republiek een van Tsjeggo-Slowakye se twee deelrepublieke geword. Op 17 April 1969 is Dubček vervang en Gustáv Husák is verkies as sekretaris-generaal van die KSČ. </p><p>Die selfverbrandings van die twee studente <a href="/wiki/Jan_Palach" title="Jan Palach">Jan Palach</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Zaj%C3%ADc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Zajíc (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jan Zajíc</a> (op 16 Januarie en 25 Februarie 1969 onderskeidelik) in protes teen die begin van "normalisering" het heelwat opskudding veroorsaak. Gevolglik was Tsjeggo-Slowakye een van die mees konserwatiewe lidlande van die <a href="/wiki/Oosblok" title="Oosblok">Oosblok</a>. Op 1 Januarie 1977 is die opposisieburgerbeweging "Charta 77" gestig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fluweelrewolusie">Fluweelrewolusie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Fluweelrewolusie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Fluweelrewolusie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg/220px-Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg/330px-Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg/440px-Praha_19891122-419-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Betoging op Wenceslasplein</figcaption></figure> <p>Op 17 November 1989 het die polisie 'n studentebetoging wreed onderdruk, wat groot demonstrasies met soms meer as 750 000 mense tot gevolg gehad het. Op 19 November 1989 het die burgerforum die dryfkrag van die "fluweelrewolusie in Tsjeggo-Slowakye geword. Op 10 Desember 1989 het staatspresident Gustáv Husák bedank. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg/220px-V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>, die laaste Tsjeggo-Slowaakse en eerste Tsjeggiese staatspresident</figcaption></figure> <p>Die federale vergadering het op 28 Desember 1989 Alexander Dubček as sy president verkies. Op 29 Dezember 1989 is die burgerregte-aktivis <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> deur die federale vergadering as president van Tsjeggo-Slowakye verkies. Op 23 April 1990 – ná die sogenoemde streepoorlog – is Tsjeggo-Slowakye herdoop in "Tsjeggiese en Slowaakse Federale Republiek" (ČSFR). </p><p>Op 8 Junie 1990 is die eerste vrye algemene verkiesings in die ČSFR gehou. Op 5 Julie 1990 het die nuutverkose parlement Václav Havel as staatspresident bevestig. Op 21 Februar 1991 het die ČSFR by die <a href="/wiki/Raad_van_Europa" title="Raad van Europa">Raad van Europa</a> aangesluit. Op 16 Desember 1991 is die assosiasie-ooreenkoms met die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europese_Gemeenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europese Gemeenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)">Europese Gemeenskap</a> onderteken. </p><p>Op 5 Junie 1992 is algemene verkiesings in die ČSFR gehou. Die ekonom <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus" title="Václav Klaus">Václav Klaus</a> (Demokratiese Burgerparty, <i>Občanská demokratická strana</i>, ODS) het die Tsjeggiese eerste minister geword. Hy het 'n deur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatcherisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thatcherisme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Thatcherisme</a> geïnspireerde ekonomiese beleid ("markekonomie sonder 'n adjektief") gehandhaaf. Deur 'n koeponprivatisering het agt miljoen Tsjegge aandeelhouers van privaat maatskappye geword. Klaus en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimír Mečiar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vladimír Mečiar</a>, die eerste minister van Slowakye, het teen die wil van die bevolking ooreengekom om Tsjeggo-Slowakye in twee state te verdeel.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 20 Julie 1992 het president Havel bedank. Op 25 November 1992 het die federale parlement die wet oor die ontbinding van die ČSFR goedgekeur. </p><p>Op 16 Desember 1992 is die Tsjeggiese Republiek in sy nuwe grondwet as 'n "demokratiese regstaat" bepaal. Die Handves van Grondregte en Vryhede, wat na die politieke omwenteling in Januarie 1991 deur die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse federale vergadering goedgekeur is, is onveranderd deur Tsjeggië oorgeneem. Ná onafhanklikheidwording in 1992 is die algemene stemreg vir vroue en mans in 1993 bekragtig.<sup id="cite_ref-ipu-513507_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipu-513507-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsjeggiese_Republiek">Tsjeggiese Republiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Tsjeggiese Republiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Tsjeggiese Republiek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 1 Januarie 1993 is die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse Republiek in wedersydse ooreenkoms ontbind en sowel die Tsjeggiese Republiek as die Slowaakse Republiek as onafhanklike state gestig. Op 2 Februarie 1993 is die nuutverkose Tsjeggiese president Václav Havel ingesweer. Op 30 Junie 1993 het Tsjeggië by die Europese Raad aangesluit. In 1994/95 was die land 'n lid van die <a href="/wiki/Veiligheidsraad" title="Veiligheidsraad">Veiligheidsraad</a>. In 1995 het Tsjeggië die nuwe assosiasie-ooreenkoms met die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> onderteken, in 1995 by <a href="/wiki/OESO" title="OESO">OESO</a> en in 1999 by <a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">NAVO</a> aangesluit. Die geskille oor die besetting van die direkteur van die Tsjeggiese televisiestasie <i>Česká televize</i> het tot die grootste betogings in die Tsjeggiese Republiek sedert 1989 gelei. Op 28 Februarie 2003 is Václav Klaus as staatspresident verkies. </p><p>Op 1 Mei 2004 het Tsjeggië as deel van die EU-uitbreiding 'n lidland van die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> geword. In die voorafgaande referendum was 77,33% van die kiesers ten gunste van die toetreding (met 'n stempersentasie van 55,21%). Sedert Tsjeggië se toetreding tot die <a href="/wiki/Schengen-ooreenkoms" title="Schengen-ooreenkoms">Schengen-ooreenkoms</a> op 21 Desember 2007 is al die grenskontroles met die vier buurlande opgehef. Tsjeggië het in die eerste helfte van 2009 en die tweede helfte van 2022 die voorsitterskap van die Europese Unie oorgeneem. </p><p>In Tsjeggië het die politieke stelsel na ongeveer agt jaar aangepas by 'n redelik gereelde afwisseling van sentrum-regse en sentrum-linkse regerings. Binne die Europese Unie behoort Tsjeggië aan die <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d-groep" title="Visegrád-groep">Visegrád-groep</a>, saam met Hongarye, Pole en Slowakye. Dié groep beywer hom vir samewerking in militêre, ekonomiese, kulturele en energiesake, asook meer integrasie van die vier lidlande in die Europese Unie.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die algemene verkiesings in 2021 is deur die sentrum-regs-liberal-konserwatiewe koalisie Spolu onder leiding van die politieke wetenskaplike en voormalige minister van onderwys <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr_Fiala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petr Fiala (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petr Fiala</a> gewen.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy is aansluitend as eerste minister ingesweer en het die sentralistiese populis <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1" title="Andrej Babiš">Andrej Babiš</a> vervang. Die koalisie Spolu het 'n regering gevorm met die liberale <a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a> en die sentristiese Beweging burgemeesters en onafhanklikes. In 2023 het die voormalige hoof van die algemene weermagstaf van die Tsjeggiese Republiek en Voorsitter van NAVO se Militêre Komitee, generaal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr_Pavel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petr Pavel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petr Pavel</a>, die presidentsverkiesing gewen en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Zeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miloš Zeman (bladsy bestaan nie)">Miloš Zeman</a> vervang.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pavel is 'n uitgesproke ondersteuner van Tsjeggië se aktiewe lidmaatskap in beide NAVO en die Europese Unie.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administratiewe_streke">Administratiewe streke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Administratiewe streke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Administratiewe streke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Administratiewe_streke_van_Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Administratiewe streke van Tsjeggië">Administratiewe streke van Tsjeggië</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Czechia_-_Bohemia,_Moravia_and_Czech_Silesia_III_(en).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Czechia_-_Bohemia%2C_Moravia_and_Czech_Silesia_III_%28en%29.png/220px-Czechia_-_Bohemia%2C_Moravia_and_Czech_Silesia_III_%28en%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Czechia_-_Bohemia%2C_Moravia_and_Czech_Silesia_III_%28en%29.png/330px-Czechia_-_Bohemia%2C_Moravia_and_Czech_Silesia_III_%28en%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Czechia_-_Bohemia%2C_Moravia_and_Czech_Silesia_III_%28en%29.png/440px-Czechia_-_Bohemia%2C_Moravia_and_Czech_Silesia_III_%28en%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3852" data-file-height="2188" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Tsjeggië met tradisionele en huidige administratiewe streke</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Okresy_%C4%8CR_2007.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Okresy_%C4%8CR_2007.PNG/220px-Okresy_%C4%8CR_2007.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Okresy_%C4%8CR_2007.PNG/330px-Okresy_%C4%8CR_2007.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Okresy_%C4%8CR_2007.PNG/440px-Okresy_%C4%8CR_2007.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Tsjeggië se distrikte</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:1.25em;"> <th style="font-size:80%;line-height:1.25em;">Nommerplaat </th> <th>Afrikaanse streeksnaam </th> <th>Tsjeggiese streeksnaam </th> <th>Hoofstad </th> <th>Bevolking<br /><small>(2004-skatting)</small> </th> <th>Bevolking<br /><small>(2011-skatting)</small><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">A</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coat_of_arms_of_Prague.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_Prague.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_Prague.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_Prague.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_Prague.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_Prague.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Prague.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="986" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Hlavní město Praha</i></td> <td style="font-size:90%;">n.v.t. </td> <td align="right">1 170 571</td> <td align="right">1 268 796 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">S</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Central_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Central_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Central_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Central_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Central_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Central_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Central_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Sentraal-Boheemse streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Středočeský kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> </td> <td align="right">1 144 071</td> <td align="right">1 289 211 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">C</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:South_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/South_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-South_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/South_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-South_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/South_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-South_Bohemian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Suid-Boheemse streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Jihočeský kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="České Budějovice (bladsy bestaan nie)">České Budějovice</a> </td> <td align="right">625 712</td> <td align="right">628 336 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">P</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Plzen_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Plzen_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Plzen_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Plzen_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Plzen_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Plzen_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Plzen_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Pilsen-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Plzeňský kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pilsen" title="Pilsen">Pilsen</a> </td> <td align="right">549 618</td> <td align="right">570 401 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">K</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Karlovy_Vary_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Karlovy_Vary_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Karlovy_Vary_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Karlovy_Vary_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Karlovy_Vary_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Karlovy_Vary_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Karlovy_Vary_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> Karlovy Vary-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Karlovarský kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary" title="Karlovy Vary">Karlovy Vary</a> </td> <td align="right">304 588</td> <td align="right">295 595 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">U</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Usti_nad_Labem_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Usti_nad_Labem_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Usti_nad_Labem_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Usti_nad_Labem_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Usti_nad_Labem_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Usti_nad_Labem_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Usti_nad_Labem_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Ústí nad Labem-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Ústecký kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ústí nad Labem (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ústí nad Labem</a> </td> <td align="right">822 133</td> <td align="right">835 814 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">L</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Liberec_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Liberec_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Liberec_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Liberec_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Liberec_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Liberec_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Liberec_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Liberec-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Liberecký kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberec" title="Liberec">Liberec</a> </td> <td align="right">427 563</td> <td align="right">432 439 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">H</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hradec_Kralove_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hradec_Kralove_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Hradec_Kralove_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hradec_Kralove_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Hradec_Kralove_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hradec_Kralove_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Hradec_Kralove_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Hradec Králové-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Královéhradecký kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hradec Králové (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hradec Králové</a> </td> <td align="right">547 296</td> <td align="right">547 916 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">E</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pardubice_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Pardubice_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Pardubice_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Pardubice_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Pardubice_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Pardubice_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Pardubice_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Pardubice-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Pardubický kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pardubice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pardubice (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pardubice</a> </td> <td align="right">505 285</td> <td align="right">511 627 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">M</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Olomouc_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Olomouc_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Olomouc_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Olomouc_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Olomouc_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Olomouc_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Olomouc_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Olomouc-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Olomoucký kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> </td> <td align="right">635 126</td> <td align="right">628 427 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">T</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Moravian-Silesian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Moravian-Silesian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Moravian-Silesian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Moravian-Silesian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Moravian-Silesian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Moravian-Silesian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Moravian-Silesian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1438" /></a></span> Morawies-Silesiese streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Moravskoslezský kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a> </td> <td align="right">1 257 554</td> <td align="right">1 205 834 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">B</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:South_Moravian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/South_Moravian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-South_Moravian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/South_Moravian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-South_Moravian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/South_Moravian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-South_Moravian_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="908" /></a></span> Suid-Morawiese streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Jihomoravský kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> </td> <td align="right">1 123 201</td> <td align="right">1 163 508 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Z</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Zlin_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Zlin_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Zlin_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Zlin_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Zlin_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Zlin_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Zlin_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> Zlín-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Zlínský kraj</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn" title="Zlín">Zlín</a> </td> <td align="right">590 706</td> <td align="right">579 944 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">J</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vysocina_Region_CoA_CZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Vysocina_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/25px-Vysocina_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Vysocina_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/38px-Vysocina_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Vysocina_Region_CoA_CZ.svg/50px-Vysocina_Region_CoA_CZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1540" data-file-height="1860" /></a></span> Vysočina-streek </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><i>Kraj Vysočina</i></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jihlava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jihlava (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jihlava</a> </td> <td align="right">517 153</td> <td align="right">505 565 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geloof">Geloof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Geloof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Geloof"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Praga_0947_globus_belarusi-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Praga_0947_globus_belarusi-2.jpg/220px-Praga_0947_globus_belarusi-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Praga_0947_globus_belarusi-2.jpg/330px-Praga_0947_globus_belarusi-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Praga_0947_globus_belarusi-2.jpg/440px-Praga_0947_globus_belarusi-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Sint-Vituskatedraal" title="Sint-Vituskatedraal">Sint-Vituskatedraal</a> binne die <a href="/wiki/Praagse_kasteel" title="Praagse kasteel">Praagse kasteel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tsjeggië, tesame met <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>, het een van die minsreligieuse bevolkings in die hele <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Volgens die 2001-sensus is 59% van die landsbevolking <a href="/wiki/Agnostisisme" title="Agnostisisme">agnosties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ate%C3%AFsme" title="Ateïsme">ateïsties</a>, nie-gelowig of 'n nie-georganiseerde gelowige, 26,8% <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katoliek</a>, en 2,5% <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">Protestants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens die nuutste Eurobarometeropname in 2005<sup id="cite_ref-ec_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> het 19% van Tsjeggiese inwoners gestaaf dat hulle in 'n <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">god</a> glo – die laagste koers onder EU-lidlande ná Estland (16%)<sup id="cite_ref-ec_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – terwyl 50% geantwoord het dat hulle in een of ander gees of lewensmag glo en 30% gesê het dat hulle nie glo dat enige tipe van gees, god of lewensmag bestaan nie. </p> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink boilerplate sienook">Sien ook: <a href="/wiki/Ortodokse_Kerk_van_Tsjeggi%C3%AB_en_Slowakye" title="Ortodokse Kerk van Tsjeggië en Slowakye">Ortodokse Kerk van Tsjeggië en Slowakye</a></div></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiese_oorsig">Historiese oorsig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Historiese oorsig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Historiese oorsig"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die staatsgebied van die huidige Tsjeggiese Republiek was een van die belangrikste nywerheidstreke in die Oostenryks-Hongaarse dubbelmonargie waar byna 70 persent van die industriële produksie gekonsentreer was en wat omstreeks 1900 ook in 'n Europese konteks as een van die ekonomies mees ontwikkelde gebiede beskou is.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook ná sy onafhanklikwording in 1918 kon Tsjeggo-Slowakye as gemeenskaplike Tsjeggies-Slowaakse staat dié suksesverhaal voortsit om binne twee dekades onder die wêreld se tien mees ontwikkelde ekonomieë gereken te word. Die land het tot 'n wêreldleier gegroei op gebiede soos <a href="/wiki/Tekstiel" title="Tekstiel">tekstiel</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Skoen" title="Skoen">skoenvervaardiging</a>, terwyl ook meganiese ingenieurswese, elektrotegniese nywerhede en die energiebedryf beduidende vordering getoon het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huidige_situasie">Huidige situasie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Huidige situasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Huidige situasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jind%C5%99i%C5%A1sk%C3%A1,_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD,_EVO1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Jind%C5%99i%C5%A1sk%C3%A1%2C_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD%2C_EVO1.jpg/220px-Jind%C5%99i%C5%A1sk%C3%A1%2C_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD%2C_EVO1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Jind%C5%99i%C5%A1sk%C3%A1%2C_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD%2C_EVO1.jpg/330px-Jind%C5%99i%C5%A1sk%C3%A1%2C_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD%2C_EVO1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Jind%C5%99i%C5%A1sk%C3%A1%2C_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD%2C_EVO1.jpg/440px-Jind%C5%99i%C5%A1sk%C3%A1%2C_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD%2C_EVO1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>'n EVO1-trem in Praag. Tsjeggië was die vernaamste verskaffer van trems vir Oosbloklande. Tans vervaardig TW Aliance, 'n konsortium van drie ondernemings, trems vir die binnelandse en uitvoermarkte</figcaption></figure> <p>Tsjeggië word tans onder die belangrikste ekonomieë en markte in Sentraal-Europa gereken. Sy lang tradisie as nywerheidsland, gekwalifiseerde mannekrag en die groot verskeidenheid van verskaffers van vervaardigingsonderdele maak van die land 'n gewilde bestemming vir buitelandse beleggings. Die Europese Unie stel miljarde € aan fondse vir die Tsjeggiese ekonomie beskikbaar wat van die land 'n gewilde afsetmark maak. Grootskaalse beleggings in energiedoeltreffendheid en omgewingstegnologie is 'n verdere aansporing vir buitelandse ondernemings om tot die Tsjeggiese mark toe te tree. </p><p>Dikwels word na die Tsjeggiese Republiek se suksesverhaal in verband met ekonomiese transformasie – die oorgang van 'n plan- na 'n markekonomie – verwys. Tsjeggië se <a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">bruto binnelandse produk</a> (BBP) het sedert die afskeiding van Slowakye in 1993 Meer as vervyfdubbel en beloop tans sowat €160 miljard. Volgens koopkragpariteit het die Tsjeggiese ekonomie tot 90 persent van die Europese Unie se gemiddelde BBP gegroei. </p><p>Tsjeggië se hoogs gediversifiseerde ekonomie en nywerheidsektor is nou verweef met Europese afsetmarkte. Vir Duitsland is Tsjeggië, ondanks sy relatief klein bevolking van 10,5 miljoen, intussen die twaalfde grootste afsetmark, nog voor <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nywerheidsektor">Nywerheidsektor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Nywerheidsektor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Nywerheidsektor"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by_RalfR-015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by_RalfR-015.jpg/220px-13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by_RalfR-015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by_RalfR-015.jpg/330px-13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by_RalfR-015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by_RalfR-015.jpg/440px-13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by_RalfR-015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Škoda 860 (1929–1932) in die Škoda-museum, Mladá Boleslav</figcaption></figure> <p>Verouderde industriële aanlegte, wat uit die kommunistiese tydperk oorgeërf is, was in die vroeë 1990's een van die groot ekonomiese uitdagings vir die Tsjeggiese Republiek, 'n ekonomie wat tradisioneel sterk op nywerhede gesteun het. Sommige sektore het intussen merkwaardige transformasie beleef. So word die Tsjeggiese motor- en elektroniese bedryf onder die mees moderne en doeltreffendste ter wêreld gereken. Siviele ingenieursondernemings en verwante bedrywe is tans die vernaamste industriële sektor. Ander belangrike bedrywe sluit voedselverwerking en brouerye, chemiese nywerhede, rubber-, sement-, tekstiel-, skoen- en glasvervaardiging in. </p><p>Eweneens belangrik is yster- en staalvervaardiging. Tsjeggië se swaar nywerhede in dié bedryf was voor die val van die <a href="/wiki/Ystergordyn" title="Ystergordyn">Ystergordyn</a> van die grootstes in <a href="/wiki/Oos-Europa" title="Oos-Europa">Oos-Europa</a>, al was hulle aangewese op die invoer van ertse (veral uit <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a>). Tans word staal hoofsaaklik in aanlegte in Ostrava en sy omgewing (Morawië) vervaardig, met kleiner nywerhede in Boheemse stede soos Kladno, Plzeň en Chomutov. Uitvoergerigte swaar nywerhede vervaardig onder meer motors, vragwaens, motorfietse, trekkers, busse, trems, treinwaens, diesel- en elektriese lokomotiewe en vliegtuie. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda Auto</a>, wat in 1895 onder die naam <i>Laurin & Klement</i> as een van die eerste ondernemings in die jong motorbedryf gestig, is in die vroeë 1990's deur die Duitse motorreus <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> AG oorgeneem en omvattend gemoderniseer. In die eerste dekade van die 21ste eeu het dit – met 'n aandeel van sowat tien persent van alle uitvoere – tot Tsjeggië se grootste uitvoerder gegroei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:KABK-1761_Nederland_v_Tsjechi%C3%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/KABK-1761_Nederland_v_Tsjechi%C3%AB.jpg/220px-KABK-1761_Nederland_v_Tsjechi%C3%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/KABK-1761_Nederland_v_Tsjechi%C3%AB.jpg/330px-KABK-1761_Nederland_v_Tsjechi%C3%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/KABK-1761_Nederland_v_Tsjechi%C3%AB.jpg/440px-KABK-1761_Nederland_v_Tsjechi%C3%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggiese_nasionale_rugbyspan" title="Tsjeggiese nasionale rugbyspan">Tsjeggiese nasionale rugbyspan</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:14-06-03-%C4%8Cesko-Rakousko-Olomouc-053.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/14-06-03-%C4%8Cesko-Rakousko-Olomouc-053.jpg/220px-14-06-03-%C4%8Cesko-Rakousko-Olomouc-053.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/14-06-03-%C4%8Cesko-Rakousko-Olomouc-053.jpg/330px-14-06-03-%C4%8Cesko-Rakousko-Olomouc-053.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/14-06-03-%C4%8Cesko-Rakousko-Olomouc-053.jpg/440px-14-06-03-%C4%8Cesko-Rakousko-Olomouc-053.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2909" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggiese_nasionale_sokkerspan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjeggiese nasionale sokkerspan (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tsjeggiese nasionale sokkerspan</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Die twee gewildste <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sportsoorte</a> in Tsjeggië is <a href="/wiki/Sokker" title="Sokker">sokker</a> en <a href="/wiki/Yshokkie" title="Yshokkie">yshokkie</a>. Ander gewilde sportsoorte sluit in <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketbal" title="Basketbal">basketbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlugbal" title="Vlugbal">vlugbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handbal" title="Handbal">handbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atletiek" title="Atletiek">atletiek</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vloerbal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vloerbal (bladsy bestaan nie)">vloerbal</a>. Van die bekendste Tsjeggiese <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennisspelers</a> sluit in <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Berdych" title="Tomáš Berdych">Tomáš Berdych</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr_Korda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petr Korda (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petr Korda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petra_Kvitov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petra Kvitová (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petra Kvitová</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hana_Mandl%C3%ADkov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hana Mandlíková (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hana Mandlíková</a>. </p><p>Die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse nasionale sokkerspan was 'n bestendige presteerder op die internasionale toneel met agt deelnames by <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> <a href="/wiki/Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbeker" title="Sokker-Wêreldbeker">Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooie</a>, waartydens Tsjeggo-Slowakye by die <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_1934" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1934">1934</a> en <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_1962" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1962">1962</a> as naaswenner geëindig het. Dié span het ook die Europese Sokkerkampioenskap 1976 gewen, tydens die Europese Sokkerkampioenskap 1980 in die derde plek geëindig en tydens die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1980" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1980">Olimpiese Somerspele 1980</a> die goue medalje gewen. Ná die verdeling van Tsjeggo-Slowakye het die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggiese_nasionale_sokkerspan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjeggiese nasionale sokkerspan (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tsjeggiese nasionale sokkerspan</a> tydens die Europese Sokkerkampioenskap 1996 in die tweede en tydens die Europese Sokkerkampioenskap 2004 in die derde plek geëindig. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">Rugby</a> word ook in Tsjeggië gespeel, maar die <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggiese_nasionale_rugbyspan" title="Tsjeggiese nasionale rugbyspan">Tsjeggiese nasionale rugbyspan</a> kon tot dusver nog nie vir 'n <a href="/wiki/Rugbyw%C3%AAreldbeker" title="Rugbywêreldbeker">rugbywêreldbekertoernooi</a> kwalifiseer nie. Hulle ding in die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Rugbykampioenskap" title="Europese Rugbykampioenskap">Europese Rugbykampioenskap</a> met ander opkomende rugbyspanne mee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-landgebruik-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-landgebruik_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-landgebruik_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-vyhledavani&vyhltext=plochy&bkvt=cGxvY2h5&katalog=all&pvo=ZPR15">"Land use (as at 31 December)"</a>. Tsjeggiese Statistiekkantoor. 31 Desember 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+use+%28as+at+31+December%29&rft.pub=Tsjeggiese+Statistiekkantoor&rft.date=2022-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdb.czso.cz%2Fvdbvo2%2Ffaces%2Fen%2Findex.jsf%3Fpage%3Dvystup-objekt-vyhledavani%26vyhltext%3Dplochy%26bkvt%3DcGxvY2h5%26katalog%3Dall%26pvo%3DZPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2023">"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023"</a>. Tsjeggiese Statistiekkantoor. 1 Januarie 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+Municipalities+%E2%80%93+1+January+2023&rft.pub=Tsjeggiese+Statistiekkantoor&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.czso.cz%2Fcsu%2Fczso%2Fpopulation-of-municipalities-1-january-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115083026/https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/narodnost">"Národnost"</a>. <i>Census 2021</i>. Tsjeggiese Statistiekkantoor. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/narodnost">die oorspronklike</a> op 15 Januarie 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 Januarie</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2021&rft.atitle=N%C3%A1rodnost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.czso.cz%2Fcsu%2Fscitani2021%2Fnarodnost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-3">4,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=935,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Czech Republic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a>. Oktober 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Czech+Republic&rft.pub=Internasionale+Monet%C3%AAre+Fonds&rft.date=2023-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D935%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"</a>. Eurostat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%E2%80%93+EU-SILC+survey&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftessi190%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cz</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/text/t98.html">http://www.libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/text/t98.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080620225613/http://www.libri.cz/databaze/dejiny/text/t98.html">Geargiveer</a> 20 Junie 2008 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJaromír_Spal" class="citation web cs1">Jaromír Spal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nase-rec.ujc.cas.cz/archiv.php?art=4320">"Původ jména Čech"</a>. Naše řeč. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121209232303/http://nase-rec.ujc.cas.cz/archiv.php?art=4320">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Desember 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Desember</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P%C5%AFvod+jm%C3%A9na+%C4%8Cech&rft.pub=Na%C5%A1e+%C5%99e%C4%8D&rft.au=Jarom%C3%ADr+Spal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnase-rec.ujc.cas.cz%2Farchiv.php%3Fart%3D4320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFZbyněk_Sviták2014" class="citation web cs1">Zbyněk Sviták (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/bitstream/handle/11222.digilib/131842/Books_2010_2019_086-2014-1_9.pdf?sequence=1">"Úvod do historické topografie českých zemí: Územní vývoj českých zemí"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>1ste uitgawe</i>. Brno. pp. 75–80, 82, 92–96. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209153428/http://digilib.phil.muni.cz:80/bitstream/handle/11222.digilib/131842/Books_2010_2019_086-2014-1_9.pdf?sequence=1">Geargiveer</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Desember 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Desember</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1ste+uitgawe&rft.atitle=%C3%9Avod+do+historick%C3%A9+topografie+%C4%8Desk%C3%BDch+zem%C3%AD%3A+%C3%9Azemn%C3%AD+v%C3%BDvoj+%C4%8Desk%C3%BDch+zem%C3%AD&rft.pages=75-80%2C+82%2C+92-96&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Zbyn%C4%9Bk+Svit%C3%A1k&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.phil.muni.cz%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11222.digilib%2F131842%2FBooks_2010_2019_086-2014-1_9.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio.cz/en/section/letter/from-bohemia-to-czechia">"From Bohemia to Czechia"</a>. Radio Praag. 12 Julie 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180309102644/http://www.radio.cz/en/section/letter/from-bohemia-to-czechia">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Maart 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Maart</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Bohemia+to+Czechia&rft.pub=Radio+Praag&rft.date=2016-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fen%2Fsection%2Fletter%2Ffrom-bohemia-to-czechia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson2012-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thompson2012_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWayne_C._Thompson2012" class="citation book cs1">Wayne C. Thompson (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5jHtTydugD4C&pg=PA345"><i>Nordic, Central and Southeastern Europe 2012</i></a>. Stryker Post. pp. 345v. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-61048-892-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-61048-892-1"><bdi>978-1-61048-892-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nordic%2C+Central+and+Southeastern+Europe+2012&rft.pages=345v.&rft.pub=Stryker+Post&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61048-892-1&rft.au=Wayne+C.+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5jHtTydugD4C%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czechia-initiative.com/aboutus.html">"Czechia – the civic initiative"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Czechia+%E2%80%93+the+civic+initiative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.czechia-initiative.com%2Faboutus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czech.cz/en/Life-Work/Living-here/Climate/Climate"><i>www.czech.cz: Climate. Besoek op 9 Julie 2017</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703134600/http://www.czech.cz/en/Life-Work/Living-here/Climate/Climate">Geargiveer</a> 3 Julie 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKarel_Valoch2010" class="citation book cs1">Karel Valoch (2010). <i>Paläolithische Archäologie in der ehemaligen Tschechoslowakei und ihr Beitrag zur mitteleuropäischen Forschung</i>. pp. 71–115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pal%C3%A4olithische+Arch%C3%A4ologie+in+der+ehemaligen+Tschechoslowakei+und+ihr+Beitrag+zur+mitteleurop%C3%A4ischen+Forschung.&rft.pages=71-115&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Karel+Valoch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#periodical_ignored" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipu-513507-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ipu-513507_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ipu-513507_15-1">15,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ipu.org/node/45/elections/historical-data-on-women?chamber_id=13507">"New Parline: the IPU's Open Data Platform (beta)"</a>. data.ipu.org. 29 Februarie 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Parline%3A+the+IPU%E2%80%99s+Open+Data+Platform+%28beta%29&rft.pub=data.ipu.org&rft.date=1920-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.ipu.org%2Fnode%2F45%2Felections%2Fhistorical-data-on-women%3Fchamber_id%3D13507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin102-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Martin102_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMart_Martin2000" class="citation book cs1">Mart Martin (2000). <i>The Almanac of Women and Minorities in World Politics</i>. Colorado: Westview Press Boulder. p. 102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almanac+of+Women+and+Minorities+in+World+Politics.&rft.place=Colorado&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Westview+Press+Boulder&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Mart+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana216-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dana216_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDana_Mulilová2012" class="citation book cs1">Dana Mulilová (2012). Blanca Rodríguez-Ruiz, Ruth Rubio-Marín (red.). <i>Mothers of the Nation: Women’s Vote in the Czech Republic</i>. pp. 207–223, 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-90-04-22425-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-90-04-22425-4"><bdi>978-90-04-22425-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mothers+of+the+Nation%3A+Women%E2%80%99s+Vote+in+the+Czech+Republic.&rft.place=Leiden+en+Boston&rft.pages=207-223%2C+216&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22425-4&rft.au=Dana+Mulilov%C3%A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#periodical_ignored" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czso.cz/csu/2008edicniplan.nsf/engt/24003E05E7/$File/4032080117.pdf">"Population by nationality: as measured by 1921–2001 censuses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+nationality%3A+as+measured+by+1921%E2%80%932001+censuses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.czso.cz%2Fcsu%2F2008edicniplan.nsf%2Fengt%2F24003E05E7%2F%24File%2F4032080117.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKarel_Vodička,_Ladislav_Cabada2003" class="citation book cs1">Karel Vodička, Ladislav Cabada (2003). <i>Politický systém České republiky</i>. Praag: Portál. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/80-7178-718-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/80-7178-718-3"><bdi>80-7178-718-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politick%C3%BD+syst%C3%A9m+%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9+republiky.&rft.place=Praag&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Port%C3%A1l&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=80-7178-718-3&rft.au=Karel+Vodi%C4%8Dka%2C+Ladislav+Cabada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140824082057/http://www.visegradgroup.eu/2011/the-bratislava">"The Bratislava Declaration of the Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Poland and the Slovak Republic on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Visegrád Group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d-groep" title="Visegrád-groep">Visegrád-groep</a>. 24 Augustus 2014. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visegradgroup.eu/2011/the-bratislava">die oorspronklike</a> op 24 Augustus 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bratislava+Declaration+of+the+Prime+Ministers+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+the+Republic+of+Hungary%2C+the+Republic+of+Poland+and+the+Slovak+Republic+on+the+occasion+of+the+20th+anniversary+of+the+Visegr%C3%A1d+Group&rft.pub=Visegr%C3%A1d-groep&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visegradgroup.eu%2F2011%2Fthe-bratislava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/p/vysledky-voleb/2021/parlamentni-volby">"Volby 2021 a výsledky voleb online – Volby do Poslanecké sněmovny"</a>. Seznam.cz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Volby+2021+a+v%C3%BDsledky+voleb+online+%E2%80%93+Volby+do+Poslaneck%C3%A9+sn%C4%9Bmovny&rft.pub=Seznam.cz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seznamzpravy.cz%2Fp%2Fvysledky-voleb%2F2021%2Fparlamentni-volby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idnes.cz/volby/prezidentske/2023?k=vysledky-druhe-kolo">"Prezidentské volby 2023 – Výsledky voleb"</a>. Mladá fronta DNES<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prezidentsk%C3%A9+volby+2023+%E2%80%93+V%C3%BDsledky+voleb&rft.pub=Mlad%C3%A1+fronta+DNES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idnes.cz%2Fvolby%2Fprezidentske%2F2023%3Fk%3Dvysledky-druhe-kolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2023/0128/1352413-petr-pavel/">"Former NATO general Petr Pavel wins Czech presidential vote"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ (bladsy bestaan nie)">RTÉ</a>. 28 Januarie 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+NATO+general+Petr+Pavel+wins+Czech+presidential+vote&rft.pub=RT%C3%89&rft.date=2023-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2023%2F0128%2F1352413-petr-pavel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221014085352/https://www.idnes.cz/volby/prezidentske/2023/petr-pavel">"Petr Pavel – profil kandidáta na Hrad 2023"</a>. Mladá fronta DNES. 14 Oktober 2022. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idnes.cz/volby/prezidentske/2023/petr-pavel">die oorspronklike</a> op 14 Oktober 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petr+Pavel+%E2%80%93+profil+kandid%C3%A1ta+na+Hrad+2023&rft.pub=Mlad%C3%A1+fronta+DNES&rft.date=2022-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idnes.cz%2Fvolby%2Fprezidentske%2F2023%2Fpetr-pavel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=zakladni-vysledky&tu=0&th=&vseuzemi=null&v=&vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGVPu07DQBDcGJm8XASKdHxCIlFBKrjkHNny4yL7YoQrDmIlIJMY-xxcIdFAQQs9BWV-AvEFtFSInpoSNkhAwUi72pFmNLOLd1CzFNZOxFy0c3kctw2RTRyRqOWXx6fmwfMKKH2oxTMx6osjOUtNqMpJGmWTWTwqkp1dWEI7r-Bu4NQlVIe-7g2IR5zsDC4A_mmgQJFvsL1vkYQSkVA2GHUZx0vZ7EhYtRjtmT6yzpaEGiWcBcQnlCRLKycBs5htopUh5_uDkHU9EiLn6HWJYesUiStBDXQv1H8_jMV03DanMhpH6frb_cPH5fW2AiUT1LmI86hIofGnc_PTwyi9Wtxt1G9fbxTsnXwiJGiY2Pecn9AyJ92hbWH3ikl1lw8CbKX5Nu22QmLZrZ5XfAFdFX7ZZwEAAA..&void=">"Základní výsledky"</a>. Tsjeggiese Statistiekkantoor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627004729/http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 27 Junie 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">27 Junie</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z%C3%A1kladn%C3%AD+v%C3%BDsledky&rft.pub=Tsjeggiese+Statistiekkantoor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvdb.czso.cz%2Fsldbvo%2F%23%21stranka%3Dzakladni-vysledky%26tu%3D0%26th%3D%26vseuzemi%3Dnull%26v%3D%26vo%3DH4sIAAAAAAAAAGVPu07DQBDcGJm8XASKdHxCIlFBKrjkHNny4yL7YoQrDmIlIJMY-xxcIdFAQQs9BWV-AvEFtFSInpoSNkhAwUi72pFmNLOLd1CzFNZOxFy0c3kctw2RTRyRqOWXx6fmwfMKKH2oxTMx6osjOUtNqMpJGmWTWTwqkp1dWEI7r-Bu4NQlVIe-7g2IR5zsDC4A_mmgQJFvsL1vkYQSkVA2GHUZx0vZ7EhYtRjtmT6yzpaEGiWcBcQnlCRLKycBs5htopUh5_uDkHU9EiLn6HWJYesUiStBDXQv1H8_jMV03DanMhpH6frb_cPH5fW2AiUT1LmI86hIofGnc_PTwyi9Wtxt1G9fbxTsnXwiJGiY2Pecn9AyJ92hbWH3ikl1lw8CbKX5Nu22QmLZrZ5XfAFdFX7ZZwEAAA..%26void%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czso.cz/csu/2003edicniplan.nsf/o/4110-03--obyvatelstvo_hlasici_se_k_jednotlivym_cirkvim_a_nabozenskym_spolecnostem">"Obyvatelstvo hlásící se k jednotlivým církvím a náboženským společnostem"</a>. Tsjeggiese Statistiekkantoor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009110040/https://www.czso.cz/csu/2003edicniplan.nsf/o/4110-03--obyvatelstvo_hlasici_se_k_jednotlivym_cirkvim_a_nabozenskym_spolecnostem">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Oktober</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obyvatelstvo+hl%C3%A1s%C3%ADc%C3%AD+se+k+jednotliv%C3%BDm+c%C3%ADrkv%C3%ADm+a+n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEensk%C3%BDm+spole%C4%8Dnostem&rft.pub=Tsjeggiese+Statistiekkantoor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.czso.cz%2Fcsu%2F2003edicniplan.nsf%2Fo%2F4110-03--obyvatelstvo_hlasici_se_k_jednotlivym_cirkvim_a_nabozenskym_spolecnostem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ec-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ec_27-0">27,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ec_27-1">27,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf">"Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 – page 11"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170417234033/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf">Geargiveer</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> vanaf die oorspronklike op 17 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurobarometer+on+Social+Values%2C+Science+and+technology+2005+%E2%80%93+page+11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_225_report_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czech.cz/en/Business/Economic-facts/Main-pillars-of-Czech-industry"><i>www.czech.cz: Main pillars of Czech industry. Besoek op 9 Julie 2017</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707073854/http://www.czech.cz/en/Business/Economic-facts/Main-pillars-of-Czech-industry">Geargiveer</a> 7 Julie 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czech.cz/en/Business/Economic-facts/Development-of-Czech-economy"><i>www.czech.cz: Business – Development of Czech economy. Besoek op 9 Julie 2017</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145735/http://www.czech.cz/en/Business/Economic-facts/Development-of-Czech-economy">Geargiveer</a> 5 Augustus 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Navigation/DE/Trade/Maerkte/Geschaeftspraxis/swot-analyse,t=swotanalyse--tschechische-republik,did=1591698.html"><i>Gerit Schulze: SWOT-Analyse Tschechische Republik. Germany Trade and Invest, 6 Desember 2016</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145912/https://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Navigation/DE/Trade/Maerkte/Geschaeftspraxis/swot-analyse%2Ct%3Dswotanalyse--tschechische-republik%2Cdid%3D1591698.html">Geargiveer</a> 5 Augustus 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Algemeen</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Czech-Republic">"Czech Republic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Czech+Republic&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FCzech-Republic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/czechia/">"Czechia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Maart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Czechia&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fczechia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATsjeggi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeggi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Wiki-webtuistes</dt></dl> <hr /> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Czech Republic">Tsjeggië</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Czech_Republic">Tsjeggië</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Tsjeggiese regering</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vlada.cz/">Regeringswebwerf</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrad.cz/">Presidentswebwerf</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Tsjeggies">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">cs</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.cz/">Senaatswebwerf</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Geskiedenis</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/czech-republic/">Ihor Gawdiak, ed.: <i>Czechoslovakia: A Country Study</i>. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress 1987</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Pole"><img alt="Vlag van Pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Pole"><img alt="Vlag van Pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Pole"><img alt="Vlag van Pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Slowakye"><img alt="Vlag van Slowakye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span>   <b><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Czech Republic"><img alt="Flag of the Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tsjeggië</a></b>    <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oostenryk"><img alt="Vlag van Oostenryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Slowakye"><img alt="Vlag van Slowakye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Europa"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%AB" title="Albanië">Albanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegowina" title="Bosnië en Herzegowina">Bosnië en Herzegowina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye">Bulgarye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Ierland" title="Republiek Ierland">Ierland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moldowa" title="Moldowa">Moldowa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> • <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Serwi%C3%AB" title="Serwië">Serwië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%AB" title="Slowenië">Slowenië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> • <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a> • <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tsjeggië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad">Vatikaanstad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">Omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië">Abchasië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Artsach" title="Republiek Artsach">Artsach</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_Donetsk" title="Volksrepubliek Donetsk">Donetsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_Loehansk" title="Volksrepubliek Loehansk">Loehansk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkse_Republiek_van_Noord-Siprus" title="Turkse Republiek van Noord-Siprus">Noord-Siprus</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Osseti%C3%AB" title="Suid-Ossetië">Suid-Ossetië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Transnistri%C3%AB" title="Transnistrië">Transnistrië</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koninkryk_van_Denemarke" title="Koninkryk van Denemarke">Koninkryk van Denemarke</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Faro%C3%ABreilande" title="Faroëreilande">Faroëreilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Asore" title="Asore">Asore</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_en_Dhekeli%C3%AB" title="Akrotiri en Dhekelië">Akrotiri en Dhekelië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Man_(eiland)" title="Man (eiland)">Man</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>1. Land <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">deels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>. 2. Geografies in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>, maar gereeld beskou as deel van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> a.g.v. kulturele en historiese oorwegings. 3. Aangedui as die <a href="/wiki/Kanaaleilande" title="Kanaaleilande">Kanaaleilande</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Europese_Unie_(EU)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:EU-lande" title="Sjabloon:EU-lande"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:EU-lande" title="Sjabloonbespreking:EU-lande"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none 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title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%AB" title="Slowenië">Slowenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tsjeggië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10844016">a10844016</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10193443?l=en">DA10193443</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4303381-7">4303381-7</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/028763">028763</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International 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href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/51d34c28-61bf-3d21-849f-7492672a9d44">51d34c28-61bf-3d21-849f-7492672a9d44</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10036710">10036710</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00577401">00577401</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128065&CON_LNG=ENG">ge128065</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=001027846&local_base=nlx10">001027846</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000104455&local_base=nsk10">000104455</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000195534">02-A000195534</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/073704040">073704040</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137159957">137159957</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/137159957">137159957</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><span 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