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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of breakpoints</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_breakpoints-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of breakpoints subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_breakpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Machine_breakpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machine_breakpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Machine breakpoints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machine_breakpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-interactive_breakpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-interactive_breakpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Non-interactive breakpoints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-interactive_breakpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactive_breakpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactive_breakpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Interactive breakpoints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactive_breakpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conditional_breakpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conditional_breakpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Conditional breakpoints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conditional_breakpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inspection_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspection_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Inspection tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspection_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Logpoints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Implementations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Implementations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Breakpoint</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99silm%C9%99_n%C3%B6qt%C9%99si" title="Kəsilmə nöqtəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kəsilmə nöqtəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakpoint" title="Breakpoint – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Breakpoint" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakpoint" title="Breakpoint – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Breakpoint" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haltepunkt_(Programmierung)" title="Haltepunkt (Programmierung) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haltepunkt (Programmierung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81" title="نقطه توقف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقطه توقف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_d%27arr%C3%AAt_(informatique)" title="Point d'arrêt (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Point d'arrêt (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%ED%8F%AC%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8" title="브레이크포인트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브레이크포인트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakpoint" title="Breakpoint – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Breakpoint" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="נקודת עצירה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נקודת עצירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breekpunt" title="Breekpunt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Breekpunt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="ブレークポイント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブレークポイント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punt_d%27arr%C3%A8st_(informatica)" title="Punt d'arrèst (informatica) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Punt d'arrèst (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чарныш точко – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чарныш точко" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punkt_wstrzymania" title="Punkt wstrzymania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Punkt wstrzymania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto_de_parada" title="Ponto de parada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ponto de parada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Точка останова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Точка останова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Точка зупину – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Точка зупину" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E7%82%B9" title="断点 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="断点" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Debugging method used in software development</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the term in tennis, see <a href="/wiki/Break_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Break point">Break point</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Breakpoint_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Breakpoint (disambiguation)">Breakpoint (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eclipse_suspended_at_breakpoint.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eclipse_suspended_at_breakpoint.png/220px-Eclipse_suspended_at_breakpoint.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eclipse_suspended_at_breakpoint.png/330px-Eclipse_suspended_at_breakpoint.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eclipse_suspended_at_breakpoint.png/440px-Eclipse_suspended_at_breakpoint.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption>The debugging interface of <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> with a program suspended at a breakpoint. Panels with <a href="/wiki/Stack_trace" title="Stack trace">stack trace</a> (upper left) and watched variables (upper right) can be seen.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a>, a <b>breakpoint</b> is an intentional stopping or pausing place in a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a>, put in place for <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> purposes. It is also sometimes simply referred to as a <b>pause</b>. </p><p>More generally, a breakpoint is a means of acquiring knowledge about a program during its execution. During the <a href="/wiki/Interrupt" title="Interrupt">interruption</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">programmer</a> inspects the test <a href="/wiki/System_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="System platform">environment</a> (<a href="/wiki/General-purpose_register" class="mw-redirect" title="General-purpose register">general-purpose registers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">memory</a>, logs, <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">files</a>, etc.) to find out whether the program is functioning as expected. In practice, a breakpoint consists of one or more conditions that determine when a program's execution should be interrupted. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breakpoints were invented for <a href="/wiki/ENIAC" title="ENIAC">ENIAC</a>, one of the earliest digital computers, by programmer <a href="/wiki/Betty_Holberton" title="Betty Holberton">Betty Holberton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the initial design of ENIAC, program flow was set by plugging cables from one unit to another. To make the program stop at a certain point, a cable was removed, called a <i>breakpoint</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_breakpoints">Types of breakpoints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of breakpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machine_breakpoints">Machine breakpoints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Machine breakpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early mainframe computers, such as the <a href="/wiki/IBM/360" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM/360">IBM/360</a>, had console switches/dials that allowed breakpoints at specific instruction storage addresses and provided "single cycle" operation, permitting the contents of registers and memory to be observed directly on console lights. The advent of multitasking limited the use of this option since the entire machine was halted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-interactive_breakpoints">Non-interactive breakpoints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Non-interactive breakpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Programmers have used machine code patches to implement single destructive breakpoints to cause a <a href="/wiki/Core_dump" title="Core dump">core dump</a> since the early days of computers. The core dump provided the state of the registers and memory at the exact moment of the deliberate "crash". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interactive_breakpoints">Interactive breakpoints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interactive breakpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The advent of <a href="/wiki/Teletypewriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Teletypewriter">teletypewriter</a> consoles in the 1960s allowed more interactive <a href="/wiki/Command_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line">command line</a> debugging capabilities but it was not until the early 1970s and the arrival of ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Video_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Video monitor">video monitors</a> connected to <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframes</a> that fully interactive, full screen debugging in multitasking environments became a reality. This also permitted step-by-step program execution in a true <a href="/wiki/Program_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Program animation">program animation</a> manner with optional register and memory alterations simultaneously displayed. Initially this type of animation was at the level of <a href="/wiki/Disassembler" title="Disassembler">disassembled</a> or <a href="/wiki/Decompiled" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompiled">decompiled</a> machine code, but later advanced to <a href="/wiki/High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">HLL</a> source level animation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conditional_breakpoints">Conditional breakpoints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conditional breakpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breakpoints are most commonly used to interrupt a running program immediately before the execution of a programmer-specified <a href="/wiki/Instruction_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction (computer science)">instruction</a>. This is often referred to as an <i>instruction breakpoint</i>. </p><p>Other kinds of conditions can also be used, such as the reading, writing, or modification of a specific location in an area of memory. This is often referred to as a <i>data breakpoint</i>, or a <i>watchpoint</i>. Many systems also support breakpoints that are only active if a condition is met (such as a variable having a certain value), usually referred to as <i>conditional breakpoint</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspection_tools">Inspection tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inspection tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a breakpoint is hit, various tools are used to inspect the state of the program or alter it. <a href="/wiki/Stack_trace" title="Stack trace">Stack trace</a> of each <a href="/wiki/Thread_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread (computer science)">thread</a> may be used to see the chain of <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">function</a> calls that led to the paused instruction. A list of <i>watches</i> allows one to view the values of selected <a href="/wiki/Variable_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable (programming)">variables</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expression_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expression (programming)">expressions</a>. There may also be tools to show the contents of <a href="/wiki/Processor_register" title="Processor register">registers</a>, loaded program <a href="/wiki/Module_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Module (programming)">modules</a> and other information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logpoints">Logpoints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Logpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>logpoint</i> is a type of breakpoint that only prints (or <a href="/wiki/Logging_(computing)" title="Logging (computing)">"logs"</a>) information instead of interrupting execution. Usually the developer can specify a message and/or values of variables to print when execution reaches a specific point.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Logpoints are an alternative to putting logging statements into the program being debugged (sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Debugging#Techniques" title="Debugging"><i>printf debugging</i></a>), and particularly helpful when changing the program is not practical (for example when debugging an external library called by the program). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware">Hardware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">processors</a> include <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> support for breakpoints (typically instruction and data breakpoints). As an example, the x86 instruction set architecture provides hardware support for breakpoints with its <a href="/wiki/X86_debug_register" title="X86 debug register">x86 debug registers</a>. Such hardware may include limitations, for example not allowing breakpoints on instructions located in <a href="/wiki/Branch_delay_slot" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch delay slot">branch delay slots</a>. This kind of limitation is imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">microarchitecture</a> of the processor and varies from processor to processor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Without hardware support (and in multitasking environments), <a href="/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger">debuggers</a> have to implement breakpoints in software. For instruction breakpoints, this is a comparatively simple task of replacing the instruction at the location of the breakpoint by either: </p> <ul><li>an instruction that calls the debugger directly (e.g. a <a href="/wiki/System_call" title="System call">system call</a>, or <a href="/wiki/INT_(x86_instruction)#INT3" title="INT (x86 instruction)">int3</a> in case of <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>) or</li> <li>an invalid instruction that causes a deliberate program interrupt (that is then intercepted/handled by the debugger)</li></ul> <p>This technique may be more difficult to implement in multitasking systems using shared program storage (the interrupt may occur on a different thread, requiring resurrection of the original instruction for that thread). Also, if the program resides in protected memory, overwriting of instructions may be prevented. </p><p>Alternatively, </p> <ul><li>an <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_simulator" title="Instruction set simulator">instruction set simulator</a> can implement unconditional or conditional breakpoints, by simply embedding the appropriate condition tests within its own normal <a href="/wiki/Main_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Main loop">program cycle</a> – that also naturally allows non-invasive breakpoints (on <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">read-only</a> programs for instance).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpreted_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpreted language">Interpreted languages</a> can effectively use the same concept as above in their program cycle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation_(computer_programming)" title="Instrumentation (computer programming)">"Instrumenting"</a> all the source code with additional source statements that issue a <a href="/wiki/Function_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Function (computer science)">function</a> that invokes an internal or external debug subroutine, is yet another common approach. This method increases the <a href="/wiki/Binary_file" title="Binary file">binary</a> size and might adversely affect normal memory allocation and <a href="/wiki/Exception_handler" class="mw-redirect" title="Exception handler">exception handlers</a>. "Debug" options exist on some compilers to implement this technique semi-transparently.</li></ul> <p>Some debuggers allow registers or program variables in memory to be modified before resuming, effectively allowing the introduction of "hand-coded" temporary assignments for test purposes. Similarly, program instructions can often be skipped to determine the effect of changes to the program logic – enabling questions about program execution to be answered in a direct way (i.e. without assumptions or guesswork). In many cases it may be the only practical method of testing obscure "event-driven" error subroutines that rarely, if ever, get executed – without the added risk of leaving temporary source changes. Manually changing the resume location within a paused program can be used to enter an otherwise rarely executed section of code (such as a specific hardware condition handler). </p><p>Implementing data breakpoints in software however, can greatly reduce the performance of the application being debugged – since it is using additional resources on the same processor.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this is normally acceptable during testing and the amount of information available from the debugger is not restricted by limitations of debug data known to the hardware. For instance, a software implementation can collect logical path data at program/subroutine/instruction level to considerably augment what might be stored by the particular hardware platform for inspection. The instruction set simulation method considerably reduces the overhead, compared to the (repeated) instruction replacement method, also reducing <a href="/wiki/Cache_miss" class="mw-redirect" title="Cache miss">cache misses</a>. </p><p>Some programming language implementations <a href="/wiki/Reflection_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflection (computer science)">expose</a> their debugging functions for use by other programs. For example, some <a href="/wiki/FORTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="FORTRAN">FORTRAN</a> dialects have an <code>AT</code> statement, which was originally intended to act as an instruction breakpoint. <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> implements a debugger accessible from a Python program.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These facilities can be and are<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abused to act like the <a href="/wiki/COMEFROM" title="COMEFROM">COMEFROM</a> statement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMEFROM" title="COMEFROM">COMEFROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Program animation">Program animation</a> (Stepping)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMMON" title="SIMMON">SIMMON</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbbate2012" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Abbate" title="Janet Abbate">Abbate, Janet</a> (2012), <i>Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing</i>, MIT Press, p. 32, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262018067" title="Special:BookSources/9780262018067"><bdi>9780262018067</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recoding+Gender%3A+Women%27s+Changing+Participation+in+Computing&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780262018067&rft.aulast=Abbate&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakpoint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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MIT Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03398-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03398-5"><bdi>978-0-262-03398-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ENIAC+in+Action%3AMaking+and+Remaking+the+Modern+Computer&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-262-03398-5&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft.au=Mark+Priestley&rft.au=Crispen+Rope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakpoint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.eclipse.org/FAQ_How_do_I_set_a_conditional_breakpoint%3F">"FAQ How do I set a conditional breakpoint?"</a>. <i>Eclipse Wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eclipse+Wiki&rft.atitle=FAQ+How+do+I+set+a+conditional+breakpoint%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.eclipse.org%2FFAQ_How_do_I_set_a_conditional_breakpoint%253F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakpoint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2021" class="citation web cs1">Walsh, David (2021-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davidwalsh.name/logpoints">"Use Logpoints!"</a>. <i>David Walsh Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=David+Walsh+Blog&rft.atitle=Use+Logpoints%21&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavidwalsh.name%2Flogpoints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreakpoint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sources.redhat.com/gdb/onlinedocs/gdbint.html#GDB-Observers">GDB Internals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129041954/http://sources.redhat.com/gdb/onlinedocs/gdbint.html#GDB-Observers">Archived</a> November 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.python.org/lib/module-pdb.html">Python Library Reference: The Python Debugger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080913202136/https://docs.python.org/lib/module-pdb.html">Archived</a> September 13, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entrian.com/goto/">entrian.com – goto and comefrom for Python</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&oldid=1184075519">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breakpoint&oldid=1184075519</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Debugging" title="Category:Debugging">Debugging</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2023, at 05:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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