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taste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition,_aroma,_and_taste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culinary uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culinary_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culinary uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culinary_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fruit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fruit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slicing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slicing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Slicing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slicing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pickling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pickling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Pickling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pickling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gherkin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gherkin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Gherkin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gherkin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burpless" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burpless"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Burpless</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burpless-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Shoots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultivation history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early-modern_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early-modern_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Early-modern age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early-modern_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_of_Enlightenment_and_later" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_Enlightenment_and_later"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Age of Enlightenment and later</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Enlightenment_and_later-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cucumber</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 171 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timon_aki" title="Timon aki – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Timon aki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komkommer" title="Komkommer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Komkommer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%AD" title="ኪያር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኪያር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwerhwette" title="Hwerhwette – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hwerhwette" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خيار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خيار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_(%DC%9D%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܩܛܘܬܐ (ܝܥܝܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܛܘܬܐ (ܝܥܝܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2str%C3%A2ve%C8%9Bu" title="Câstrâvețu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Câstrâvețu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_xiyar" title="Adi xiyar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi xiyar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خیار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خیار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketimun" title="Ketimun – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ketimun" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="শসা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilungka" title="Bilungka – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bilungka" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%AC-koe" title="Chhì-koe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhì-koe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Ҡыяр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡыяр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Агурок пасяўны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агурок пасяўны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="खीरा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="खीरा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepino" title="Pepino – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pepino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukamba" title="Kukamba – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kukamba" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Краставица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Краставица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gugumma" title="Gugumma – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gugumma" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="རྡོ་ཀུབ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྡོ་ཀུབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krastavac" title="Krastavac – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krastavac" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokombrez" title="Kokombrez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kokombrez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogombre" title="Cogombre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cogombre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%91%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Хӑяр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хӑяр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino" title="Pipino – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pipino" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okurka_set%C3%A1" title="Okurka setá – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Okurka setá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumaru" title="Cucumaru – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cucumaru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciwcymbr" title="Ciwcymbr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ciwcymbr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukomba" title="Kukomba – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kukomba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almindelig_agurk" title="Almindelig agurk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Almindelig agurk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurke" title="Gurke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gurke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3rka" title="Górka – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Górka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_kurk" title="Harilik kurk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik kurk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Αγγούρι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγούρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cum%C3%B3r_(Cucumis_sativus)" title="Cumór (Cucumis sativus) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cumór (Cucumis sativus)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Куяр – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Куяр" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukumo" title="Kukumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kukumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzoker" title="Luzoker – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luzoker" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خیار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خیار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concombre" title="Concombre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Concombre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAcamar" title="Cúcamar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cúcamar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucowr" title="Cucowr – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cucowr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogombro" title="Cogombro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cogombro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81" title="Нарс – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Нарс" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B0%95%E7%93%9C" title="簕瓜 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="簕瓜" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80" title="કાકડી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાકડી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%86" title="ತಮ್ಡೆ ತೊವ್ಶೆ – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ತಮ್ಡೆ ತೊವ್ಶೆ" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%9D%B4" title="오이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Վարունգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարունգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="खीरा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खीरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rka" title="Kórka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kórka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krastavac" title="Krastavac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krastavac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukombro" title="Kukombro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kukombro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Cucumber" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentimun" title="Mentimun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mentimun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%87%E1%93%97%E1%90%8A%E1%93%95%E1%90%85%E1%93%B4%E1%96%85" title="ᐃᓇᓗᐊᓕᐅᓴᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓇᓗᐊᓕᐅᓴᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Джитъри – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джитъри" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BArka" title="Gúrka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gúrka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מלפפון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלפפון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timun" title="Timun – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Timun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸೌತೆಕಾಯಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೌತೆಕಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipinu" title="Pipinu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pipinu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კიტრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%B2%D8%B1" title="لٲر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لٲر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B9rka" title="Gùrka – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Gùrka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Қияр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қияр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkombure" title="Konkombure – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Konkombure" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtango" title="Mtango – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtango" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkonm" title="Konkonm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konkonm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkonm" title="Konkonm – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Konkonm" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyar" title="Xiyar – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xiyar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Бадыраң – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бадыраң" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нисварти – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Нисварти" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur%C4%B7is" title="Gurķis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gurķis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concomber" title="Concomber – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Concomber" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Афни – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Афни" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprastasis_agurkas" title="Paprastasis agurkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paprastasis agurkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%27izu" title="La'izu – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="La'izu" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigheummao" title="Chigheummao – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Chigheummao" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uborka" title="Uborka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uborka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8mon" title="Tèmon – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Tèmon" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="खीरा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="खीरा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Краставица – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Краставица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4k%C3%B4mbra" title="Kôkômbra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôkômbra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="വെള്ളരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെള്ളരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="काकडी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काकडी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კინტირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კინტირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خيار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خيار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timun" title="Timun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4_(%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4)" title="ꯊꯕꯤ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ) – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯊꯕꯤ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimun" title="Antimun – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Antimun" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1i-gu%C4%83" title="Chái-guă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chái-guă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Куяр – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Куяр" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%85" title="Өргөст хэмх – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Өргөст хэмх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="သခွားပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သခွားပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="काँक्रो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="काँक्रो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AA" title="キュウリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キュウリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurk" title="Gurk – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gurk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agurk" title="Agurk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Agurk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agurk" title="Agurk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Agurk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyaara" title="Kiyaara – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kiyaara" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodring" title="Bodring – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bodring" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖੀਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੀਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="کھیرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھیرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بادرنگ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بادرنگ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="ត្រសក់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ត្រសក់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conconbe" title="Conconbe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Conconbe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Og%C3%B3rek_siewny" title="Ogórek siewny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ogórek siewny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepino" title="Pepino – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pepino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1yar" title="Qıyar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qıyar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurk" title="Jurk – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jurk" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castravete" title="Castravete – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Castravete" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachun" title="Kachun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kachun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Огурец обыкновенный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огурец обыкновенный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="उर्वारुकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उर्वारुकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cucumber" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trangulli" title="Trangulli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Trangulli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cucumber" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="کيرا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="کيرا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhorka_siata" title="Uhorka siata – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uhorka siata" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navadna_kumara" title="Navadna kumara – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navadna kumara" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qajaar" title="Qajaar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qajaar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خەیار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەیار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Краставац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Краставац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krastavac" title="Krastavac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krastavac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bont%C3%A9ng" title="Bonténg – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bonténg" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurkku" title="Kurkku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kurkku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurka" title="Gurka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gurka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino" title="Pipino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pipino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="வெள்ளரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெள்ளரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agan" title="Agan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Гади кыяр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гади кыяр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF" title="కీర దోసకాయ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కీర దోసకాయ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2" title="แตงกวา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แตงกวา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aku%C9%94l" title="Akuɔl – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akuɔl" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бодиринг – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бодиринг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiukamip%C4%81" title="Kiukamipā – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kiukamipā" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B9" title="ᎦᎦᎹ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎦᎹ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C5%A1k%C3%B3vem%C3%A2h%C3%B6%C3%B6%27o" title="Heškóvemâhöö'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Heškóvemâhöö'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salatal%C4%B1k" title="Salatalık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Salatalık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Кыйыр – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Кыйыр" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Кияр – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кияр" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Огірок звичайний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Огірок звичайний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="کھیرا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کھیرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%83" title="تەرخەمەك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تەرخەمەك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" title="Cucumis sativus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cucumis sativus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurk_(kazmuz)" title="Kurk (kazmuz) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kurk (kazmuz)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0a_chu%E1%BB%99t" title="Dưa chuột – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dưa chuột" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komkommer" title="Komkommer – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Komkommer" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipino" title="Pipino – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pipino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E7%93%9C" title="黄瓜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黄瓜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="אוגערקע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוגערקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%93%9C" title="黃瓜 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黃瓜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyar" title="Xiyar – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xiyar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagorklos" title="Vagorklos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vagorklos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E7%93%9C" title="黄瓜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黄瓜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bont%C3%A8ng" title="Bontèng – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bontèng" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampu" title="Rampu – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rampu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopang" title="Lopang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Lopang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Огурка – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Огурка" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of flowering plant that produces cucumbers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cucumber_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cucumber (disambiguation)">Cucumber (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Cucumber </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ARS_cucumber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of cucumber vine with fruits, flowers and leaves visible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ARS_cucumber.jpg/220px-ARS_cucumber.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ARS_cucumber.jpg/330px-ARS_cucumber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ARS_cucumber.jpg/440px-ARS_cucumber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Cucumbers growing on vines </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumber_BNC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cucumber_BNC.jpg/220px-Cucumber_BNC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cucumber_BNC.jpg/330px-Cucumber_BNC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cucumber_BNC.jpg/440px-Cucumber_BNC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">A single cucumber fruit </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cucumis" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cucumis" title="Cucumis"><i>Cucumis</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C. sativus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Cucumis sativus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>cucumber</b> (<i><b>Cucumis sativus</b></i>) is a widely-cultivated <a href="/wiki/Vine#Horticultural_climbing_plants" title="Vine">creeping vine</a> plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a> that bears cylindrical to spherical <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, which are used as <a href="/wiki/Culinary_vegetable" class="mw-redirect" title="Culinary vegetable">culinary vegetables</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considered an annual plant,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are three main types of cucumber—slicing, <a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">pickling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seedless_fruit" title="Seedless fruit">seedless</a>—within which several <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> have been created. The cucumber originates in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> extending from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Thailand" title="Northern Thailand">Northern Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Plant_Breeding_Reviews_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant_Breeding_Reviews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-powo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tandfonline.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tandfonline.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but now grows on most <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continents</a>, and many different types of cucumber are grown commercially and traded on the <a href="/wiki/Global_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Global market">global market</a>. In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Wild_cucumber" title="Wild cucumber">wild cucumber</a></i> refers to plants in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Echinocystis" title="Echinocystis">Echinocystis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Marah_(plant)" title="Marah (plant)">Marah</a></i>, though the two are not closely related. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <p>The cucumber is a <a href="/wiki/Vine#Horticultural_climbing_plants" title="Vine">creeping vine</a> that roots in the ground and grows up <a href="/wiki/Trellis_(agriculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trellis (agriculture)">trellises</a> or other supporting frames, wrapping around supports with thin, spiraling <a href="/wiki/Tendrils" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendrils">tendrils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant may also root in a <a href="/wiki/Soilless_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Soilless gardening">soilless medium</a>, whereby it will sprawl along the ground in lieu of a supporting structure. The vine has large leaves that form a <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a> over the fruits.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The fruit of typical cultivars of cucumber is roughly <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder (geometry)">cylindrical</a>, but elongated with tapered ends, and may be as large as 62 centimeters (24 in) long and 10 centimeters (4 in) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-ZhangLi2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZhangLi2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cucumber fruits consist of 95% water (see nutrition table). In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a> terms, the cucumber is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Pepo_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepo (botany)"><i>pepo</i></a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">botanical berry</a> with a hard outer rind and no internal divisions. However, much like <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">squashes</a>, it is often perceived, prepared, and eaten as a <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetable</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flowering_and_pollination">Flowering and pollination</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG/150px-Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG/225px-Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG/300px-Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption><i>Cucumis sativus</i> flower</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1274755135">.mw-parser-output .ib-genome{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-image{padding:0.3em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-label{padding:0.2em 0.3em;background-color:#f1EBf1;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-full-data{padding:0.2em 0.3em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-label{background-color:#352f35!important;border:1px solid #54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-data,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-full-data{border:1px solid #54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-label{background-color:#352f35!important;border:1px solid #54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-data,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-full-data{border:1px solid #54595d!important}}</style><table class="infobox ib-genome"><caption class="infobox-title">Genomic information</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> genome ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=1639">1639</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">Ploidy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">diploid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Genome_size" title="Genome size">Genome size</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">323.99 Mb</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sequenced <a href="/wiki/Organelle" title="Organelle">organelle</a></th><td class="infobox-data">mitochondrion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organelle size</th><td class="infobox-data">244.82 Mb</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year of <abbr title="completion of the sequencing of the organelle">completion</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data">2011</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most cucumber cultivars are seeded and require pollination. For this purpose, thousands of <a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">honey</a> <a href="/wiki/Beehive" title="Beehive">beehives</a> are annually carried to cucumber fields just before bloom. Cucumbers may also be pollinated via <a href="/wiki/Bumblebee" title="Bumblebee">bumblebees</a> and several other bee species. Most cucumbers that require pollination are <a href="/wiki/Self_incompatibility_in_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Self incompatibility in plants">self-incompatible</a>, thus requiring the <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> of another plant in order to form <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a> and fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnecke_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnecke-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some self-compatible cultivars exist that are related to the 'Lemon cucumber' cultivar.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnecke_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnecke-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of cucumber are <a href="/wiki/Parthenocarpy" title="Parthenocarpy">parthenocarpic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Blossom" title="Blossom">blossoms</a> of which create <a href="/wiki/Seedless_fruit" title="Seedless fruit">seedless fruit</a> without <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollination</a>, which degrades the eating quality of these cultivar. In the <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">United States</a>, these are usually grown in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouses</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">bees</a> are excluded. In <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, they are grown outdoors in some regions, where bees are likewise excluded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Traditional cultivars produce male blossoms first, then female, in about equivalent numbers. Newer <a href="/wiki/Gynoecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynoecious">gynoecious</a> hybrid cultivars produce almost all female blossoms. They may have a <a href="/wiki/Pollenizer" title="Pollenizer">pollenizer</a> cultivar interplanted, and the number of beehives per unit area is increased, but temperature changes induce male flowers even on these plants, which may be sufficient for pollination to occur.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnecke_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnecke-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, an international team of researchers announced they had sequenced the cucumber <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_recombination" title="Genetic recombination">genetic recombination</a> during <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a> in cucumber provided a high resolution landscape of meiotic <a href="/wiki/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)" title="DNA damage (naturally occurring)">DNA double strand-breaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover" title="Chromosomal crossover">genetic crossovers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2023_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2023-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average number of crossovers per chromosome per meiosis was 0.92 to 0.99.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2023_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2023-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbivore_defense">Herbivore defense</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">Phytochemicals</a> in cucumbers may discourage natural <a href="/wiki/Foraging" title="Foraging">foraging</a> by <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivores</a>, such as insects, <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematodes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">wildlife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shang_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shang-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a possible defense mechanism, cucumbers produce <a href="/wiki/Cucurbitacin" title="Cucurbitacin">cucurbitacin C</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0a_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which causes a <a href="/wiki/Bitter_(taste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter (taste)">bitter taste</a> in some cucumber varieties. This potential mechanism is under preliminary research to identify whether cucumbers are able to deter herbivores and <a href="/wiki/Biotic_stress#Effect_on_plant_growth" title="Biotic stress">environmental stresses</a> by using an intrinsic <a href="/wiki/Chemical_defense#Plants" title="Chemical defense">chemical defense</a>, particularly in the leaves, <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedicel_(botany)" title="Pedicel (botany)">pedicel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caropodium" title="Caropodium">carpopodium</a>, and fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-:0a_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition,_aroma,_and_taste"><span id="Nutrition.2C_aroma.2C_and_taste"></span>Nutrition, aroma, and taste</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Cucumber, with peel, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">65 kJ (16 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">3.63 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.67</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.5 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.11 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.65 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.027 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.033 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.098 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.259 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.04 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 7 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 2.8 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 16.4 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 16 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.28 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 13 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.079 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 24 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 147 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.2 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">95.23 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168409/nutrients">Link to USDA database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raw cucumber (with <a href="/wiki/Peel_(fruit)" title="Peel (fruit)">peel</a>) is 95% water, 4% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 1% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and contains negligible <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>. A <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>100-gram (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-ounce) <a href="/wiki/Serving_size" title="Serving size">reference serving</a> provides 65 kilojoules (16 kilocalories) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a>. It has a low content of <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a>: it is notable only for <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a>, at 14% of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> (table). </p><p>Depending on variety, cucumbers may have a mild <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melon</a> aroma and flavor, in part resulting from unsaturated <a href="/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">aldehydes</a>, such as <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal">(E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal</a></span>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cis%E2%80%93trans_isomerism" title="Cis–trans isomerism"><i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-</a> <a href="/wiki/Isomer" title="Isomer">isomers</a> of <a href="/wiki/2-Nonenal" title="2-Nonenal">2-nonenal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slightly <a href="/wiki/Bitter_(taste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter (taste)">bitter</a> taste of cucumber rind results from <a href="/wiki/Cucurbitacins" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucurbitacins">cucurbitacins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cucumber_varieties" title="List of cucumber varieties">List of cucumber varieties</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumbers_3_Sikkim_Armenian_Lemon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cucumbers_3_Sikkim_Armenian_Lemon.png/220px-Cucumbers_3_Sikkim_Armenian_Lemon.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cucumbers_3_Sikkim_Armenian_Lemon.png/330px-Cucumbers_3_Sikkim_Armenian_Lemon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cucumbers_3_Sikkim_Armenian_Lemon.png/440px-Cucumbers_3_Sikkim_Armenian_Lemon.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Three kinds of cucumbers</figcaption></figure> <p>In general <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">cultivation</a>, cucumbers are classified into three main <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a> groups: slicing, <a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">pickling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seedless_fruit" title="Seedless fruit">seedless/burpless</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culinary_uses">Culinary uses</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cucumber" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cucumber"> Cucumber</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit">Fruit</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slicing">Slicing</h4></div> <p>Cucumbers grown to eat fresh are called <i>slicing cucumbers</i>. The main varieties of slicers mature on <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vines</a> with large leaves that provide shading.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slicers grown commercially for the North American market are generally longer, smoother, more uniform in color, and have much tougher skin. In contrast, those in other countries, often called <a href="/wiki/European_cucumber" title="European cucumber">European cucumbers</a>, are smaller and have thinner, more delicate skin, often with fewer seeds, thus are often sold in plastic skin for protection. This variety may also be called a <i>telegraph cucumber</i>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pickling">Pickling</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumbers_on_skewers_-_Enoshima,_Japan_-_DSC07614.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cucumbers_on_skewers_-_Enoshima%2C_Japan_-_DSC07614.jpg/220px-Cucumbers_on_skewers_-_Enoshima%2C_Japan_-_DSC07614.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cucumbers_on_skewers_-_Enoshima%2C_Japan_-_DSC07614.jpg/330px-Cucumbers_on_skewers_-_Enoshima%2C_Japan_-_DSC07614.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cucumbers_on_skewers_-_Enoshima%2C_Japan_-_DSC07614.jpg/440px-Cucumbers_on_skewers_-_Enoshima%2C_Japan_-_DSC07614.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5330" data-file-height="3484" /></a><figcaption>Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Asazuke" title="Asazuke">asazuke</a></i> pickled cucumbers sold as <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a> on <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a> island</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickling</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber#Brined_pickles" title="Pickled cucumber">brine</a>, sugar, <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>, and spices creates various flavored products from cucumbers and other foods.<sup id="cite_ref-avi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although any cucumber can be pickled, commercial pickles are made from cucumbers specially bred for uniformity of length-to-diameter ratio and lack of voids in the flesh. Those cucumbers intended for pickling, called <i>picklers</i>, grow to about 7 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide. Compared to slicers, picklers tend to be shorter, thicker, less-regularly shaped, and have bumpy skin with tiny white or black-dotted spines. Color can vary from creamy yellow to pale or dark green.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gherkin">Gherkin</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber#Gherkin" title="Pickled cucumber">Gherkins</a>, also called <i>cornichons</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-kitchn_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kitchn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>baby pickles</i>, are small cucumbers, typically those 2.5 to 12.5 centimetres (1 to 5 in) in length, often with bumpy skin, which are typically used for pickling.<sup id="cite_ref-zon_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wifss_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wifss-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-india_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-india-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>gherkin</i> comes from the early modern <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <i>gurken</i> or <i>augurken</i> ('small pickled cucumber').<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is also used in the name for <i><a href="/wiki/Cucumis_anguria" title="Cucumis anguria">Cucumis anguria</a></i>, the <i>West Indian gherkin</i>, a closely related species.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Burpless">Burpless</h4></div> <p>Burpless cucumbers are sweeter and have a thinner skin than other varieties of cucumber. They are reputed to be easy to digest and to have a pleasant taste. They can grow as long as 60 centimeters (2 ft), are nearly seedless, and have a delicate skin. Most commonly grown in greenhouses, these <a href="/wiki/Parthenocarpic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenocarpic">parthenocarpic</a> cucumbers are often found in <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">shrink-wrapped</a> in plastic. They are marketed as either burpless or seedless, as the seeds and skin of other varieties of cucumbers are said to give some people gas.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoots">Shoots</h3></div> <p>Cucumber <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoots</a> are regularly consumed as a vegetable, especially in rural areas. In Thailand they are often served with a crab meat sauce. They can also be stir fried or used in soups.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook's_Guide_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook's_Guide-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="clear:right; width:13em; text-align:center; margin-right:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Cucumber production – 2022 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf;">Country </th> <th style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:85%;">millions<br /> of <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>77.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>World</b></td> <td><b>94.7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-faostat_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2022, world production of cucumbers and gherkins was 95 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by China with 82% of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation_history">Cultivation history</h2></div> <p>Cultivated for at least 3,000 years, the cultivated cucumbers <i>"Cucumis sativus"</i> were domesticated in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> from wild "<i>C. sativus var. hardwickii</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Plant_Breeding_Reviews_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plant_Breeding_Reviews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tandfonline.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tandfonline.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where a great many varieties have been observed, along with its closest living relative, <i><a href="/wiki/Cucumis_hystrix" title="Cucumis hystrix">Cucumis hystrix</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three main cultivar groups of cucumber are namely Eurasian cucumbers (slicing cucumbers eaten raw and immature), East Asian cucumbers (pickling cucumbers) and Xishuangbanna cucumbers. Based on demographic modelling, the East Asian C. sativus cultivars diverged from the Indian cultivars c. 2500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was probably introduced to Europe by the <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Greeks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Rome" title="Agriculture in ancient Rome">Romans</a>. Records of cucumber cultivation appear in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in the 9th century, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_England" title="Agriculture in England">England</a> in the 14th century, and in North America by the mid-16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Renner_2007_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renner_2007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doijode_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doijode-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Empire">Roman Empire</h3></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> had the cucumber on his table daily during summer and winter. In order to have it available for his table every day of the year, the Romans reportedly used artificial methods of growing (similar to the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouse system</a>), whereby <i>mirrorstone</i> refers to Pliny's <i>lapis specularis</i>, believed to have been sheet <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-AncientInventions_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AncientInventions-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Indeed, he was never without it; for he had raised beds made in frames upon wheels, by means of which the cucumbers were moved and exposed to the full heat of the sun; while, in winter, they were withdrawn, and placed under the protection of frames glazed with mirrorstone.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Pliny the Elder, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> XIX.xxiii, "Vegetables of a Cartilaginous Nature—Cucumbers. Pepones"</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Reportedly, they were also cultivated in <i>specularia</i>, cucumber houses glazed with oiled cloth.<sup id="cite_ref-AncientInventions_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AncientInventions-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pliny describes the Italian fruit as very small, probably like a <a href="/wiki/Gherkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gherkin">gherkin</a>. He also describes the preparation of a medication known as <i>elaterium</i>. However, some scholars<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2013)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> believe that he was instead referring to <i><a href="/wiki/Ecballium_elaterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecballium elaterium">Ecballium elaterium</a></i>, known in pre-<a href="/wiki/Linnean_nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnean nomenclature">Linnean</a> times as <i>Cucumis silvestris</i> or <i>Cucumis asininus</i> ('wild cucumber' or 'donkey cucumber'), a species different from the common cucumber.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pliny also writes about several other varieties of cucumber, including the cultivated cucumber,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remedies from the different types (9 from the cultivated; 5 from the "anguine;" and 26 from the "wild"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> had cucumbers grown in his gardens in the 8th/9th century. They were reportedly introduced into England in the early 14th century, lost, then reintroduced approximately 250 years later. The <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> (through the <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>) brought cucumbers to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> in 1494. In 1535, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a>, a French explorer, found "very great cucumbers" grown on the site of what is now <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early-modern_age">Early-modern age</h3></div> <figure class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trans-2,cis-6-Nonadienal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal, or cucumber aldehyde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Trans-2%2Ccis-6-Nonadienal.png/250px-Trans-2%2Ccis-6-Nonadienal.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Trans-2%2Ccis-6-Nonadienal.png/375px-Trans-2%2Ccis-6-Nonadienal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Trans-2%2Ccis-6-Nonadienal.png/500px-Trans-2%2Ccis-6-Nonadienal.png 2x" data-file-width="2175" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal" title="Trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal">Trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal</a>, or <i>cucumber aldehyde</i>, is a component of the distinctive aroma of cucumbers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the 16th century, European trappers, traders, <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> hunters, and explorers bartered for the products of American Indian <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>. The tribes of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a> learned from the Spanish how to grow European crops. The farmers on the Great Plains included the <a href="/wiki/Mandan" title="Mandan">Mandan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a>. They obtained cucumbers and <a href="/wiki/Watermelon" title="Watermelon">watermelons</a> from the Spanish, and added them to the crops they were already growing, including several varieties of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (fruit)">squash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourd</a> plants.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> were also growing them when the first Europeans visited them.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1630, the Reverend <a href="/wiki/Francis_Higginson" title="Francis Higginson">Francis Higginson</a> produced a book called <i>New-Englands Plantation</i> in which, describing a garden on Conant's Island in <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor" title="Boston Harbor">Boston Harbor</a> known as <i>The Governor's Garden</i>, he states:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>The countrie aboundeth naturally with store of roots of great varietie [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] and good to eat. Our turnips, parsnips, and carrots are here both bigger and sweeter than is ordinary to be found in England. Here are store of pompions, cowcumbers, and other things of that nature which I know not...</p></blockquote><p>In <i>New England Prospect</i> (1633, England), William Wood published observations he made in 1629 in America:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>The ground affords very good kitchin gardens, for Turneps, Parsnips, Carrots, Radishes, and Pompions, Muskmillons, Isquoter-squashes, coucumbars, Onyons, and whatever grows well in England grows as well there, many things being better and larger. [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>]</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_of_Enlightenment_and_later">Age of Enlightenment and later</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster,_Crab,_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lobster%2C_Crab%2C_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg/220px-Lobster%2C_Crab%2C_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lobster%2C_Crab%2C_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg/330px-Lobster%2C_Crab%2C_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lobster%2C_Crab%2C_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg/440px-Lobster%2C_Crab%2C_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7375" data-file-height="4124" /></a><figcaption><i>Lobster, Crab, and a Cucumber</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Hunt_(painter)" title="William Henry Hunt (painter)">William Henry Hunt</a> (watercolour, 1826 or 1827)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the later 17th century, a prejudice developed against uncooked vegetables and fruits. A number of articles in contemporary health publications stated that uncooked plants brought on summer diseases and should be forbidden to children. The cucumber kept this reputation for an inordinate period of time, "fit only for consumption by cows," which some believe is why it gained the name, <i>cowcumber</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> wrote in his diary on 22 August 1663:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>[T]his day Sir W. Batten tells me that Mr. Newburne is dead of eating cowcumbers, of which the other day I heard of another, I think.</p></blockquote> <p>John Evelyn in 1699 wrote that the cucumber, 'however dress'd, was thought fit to be thrown away, being accounted little better than poyson (poison)'.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to 18th-century British writer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>, it was commonly said among English physicians that a cucumber "should be well sliced, and dressed with pepper and vinegar, and then thrown out, as good for nothing."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A copper <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a> made by Maddalena Bouchard between 1772 and 1793 shows this plant to have smaller, almost bean-shaped fruits, and small yellow flowers. The small form of the cucumber is figured in <a href="/wiki/Herbal" title="Herbal">Herbals</a> of the 16th century, however stating that "[i]f hung in a tube while in blossom, the Cucumber will grow to a most surprising length."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salad cucumber"><img alt="Salad cucumber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg/135px-Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg/202px-Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg/270px-Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salad cucumber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Indian yellow cucumber"><img alt="An Indian yellow cucumber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg/240px-An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg/360px-An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg/480px-An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Indian yellow cucumber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurkkuja.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Scandinavian cucumber in slices"><img alt="A Scandinavian cucumber in slices" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kurkkuja.jpg/240px-Kurkkuja.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kurkkuja.jpg/360px-Kurkkuja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kurkkuja.jpg/480px-Kurkkuja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Scandinavian cucumber in slices</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumber_grated.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grated cucumber"><img alt="Grated cucumber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cucumber_grated.jpg/240px-Cucumber_grated.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cucumber_grated.jpg/360px-Cucumber_grated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cucumber_grated.jpg/480px-Cucumber_grated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grated cucumber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Komkommer_(Cucumis_sativus_%27Gele_Tros%27).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Komkommer (Cucumis sativus 'Gele Tros')"><img alt="Komkommer (Cucumis sativus 'Gele Tros')" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Komkommer_%28Cucumis_sativus_%27Gele_Tros%27%29.jpg/240px-Komkommer_%28Cucumis_sativus_%27Gele_Tros%27%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Komkommer_%28Cucumis_sativus_%27Gele_Tros%27%29.jpg/360px-Komkommer_%28Cucumis_sativus_%27Gele_Tros%27%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Komkommer_%28Cucumis_sativus_%27Gele_Tros%27%29.jpg/480px-Komkommer_%28Cucumis_sativus_%27Gele_Tros%27%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Komkommer (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> 'Gele Tros')</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmong_cucumber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A varietal grown by the Hmong people with textured skin and large seeds"><img alt="A varietal grown by the Hmong people with textured skin and large seeds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hmong_cucumber.jpg/181px-Hmong_cucumber.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hmong_cucumber.jpg/272px-Hmong_cucumber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hmong_cucumber.jpg/363px-Hmong_cucumber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A varietal grown by the <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong people</a> with textured skin and large seeds</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lemon cucumber"><img alt="Lemon cucumber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG/246px-Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG/369px-Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG/492px-Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2930" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lemon cucumber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mizeria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dish with cucumber cut pieces (mizeria)"><img alt="Dish with cucumber cut pieces (mizeria)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mizeria.jpg/213px-Mizeria.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mizeria.jpg/319px-Mizeria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mizeria.jpg/426px-Mizeria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1668" data-file-height="1411" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dish with cucumber cut pieces (<a href="/wiki/Mizeria" title="Mizeria">mizeria</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PicklingCucumbers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pickling cucumbers"><img alt="Pickling cucumbers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PicklingCucumbers.jpg/240px-PicklingCucumbers.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PicklingCucumbers.jpg/360px-PicklingCucumbers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PicklingCucumbers.jpg/480px-PicklingCucumbers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pickling cucumbers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spreewaldgurke2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gherkins"><img alt="Gherkins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spreewaldgurke2.jpg/147px-Spreewaldgurke2.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spreewaldgurke2.jpg/220px-Spreewaldgurke2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spreewaldgurke2.jpg/294px-Spreewaldgurke2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="2228" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gherkins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Persiancucumber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isfahan burpless cucumber, Iran"><img alt="Isfahan burpless cucumber, Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Persiancucumber.jpg/163px-Persiancucumber.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Persiancucumber.jpg/244px-Persiancucumber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Persiancucumber.jpg/326px-Persiancucumber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4007" data-file-height="4428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> burpless cucumber, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaves_of_Cucumber_(a_creeping_vine_plant).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leaves"><img alt="Leaves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Leaves_of_Cucumber_%28a_creeping_vine_plant%29.jpg/318px-Leaves_of_Cucumber_%28a_creeping_vine_plant%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Leaves_of_Cucumber_%28a_creeping_vine_plant%29.jpg/476px-Leaves_of_Cucumber_%28a_creeping_vine_plant%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Leaves_of_Cucumber_%28a_creeping_vine_plant%29.jpg/635px-Leaves_of_Cucumber_%28a_creeping_vine_plant%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leaves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A tendril emerges from cucumber vines to facilitate climbing"><img alt="A tendril emerges from cucumber vines to facilitate climbing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg/121px-Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg/182px-Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg/243px-Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Tendril" title="Tendril">tendril</a> emerges from cucumber vines to facilitate climbing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 139.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 137.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A string lattice supports vine growth"><img alt="A string lattice supports vine growth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg/206px-Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg/308px-Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg/411px-Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A string <a href="/wiki/Trellis_(architecture)" title="Trellis (architecture)">lattice</a> supports vine growth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A bulb-shaped cucumber hanging on the vine"><img alt="A bulb-shaped cucumber hanging on the vine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG/271px-Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG/406px-Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG/542px-Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">bulb</a>-shaped cucumber hanging on the <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucumber_plants.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cucumber plant"><img alt="Cucumber plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cucumber_plants.jpg/400px-Cucumber_plants.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cucumber_plants.jpg/600px-Cucumber_plants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cucumber_plants.jpg/800px-Cucumber_plants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cucumber plant</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 62px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 60px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvested_vegetables(Cucumbers).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harvested Cucumber among other vegetables"><img alt="Harvested Cucumber among other vegetables" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Harvested_vegetables%28Cucumbers%29.jpg/81px-Harvested_vegetables%28Cucumbers%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="54" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Harvested_vegetables%28Cucumbers%29.jpg/121px-Harvested_vegetables%28Cucumbers%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Harvested_vegetables%28Cucumbers%29.jpg/162px-Harvested_vegetables%28Cucumbers%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harvested Cucumber among other vegetables </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvested_vegetables(Tomatoes,_Cucumbers_and_Aubergine)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harvested cucumber among other vegetables"><img alt="Harvested cucumber among other vegetables" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Harvested_vegetables%28Tomatoes%2C_Cucumbers_and_Aubergine%29_2.jpg/400px-Harvested_vegetables%28Tomatoes%2C_Cucumbers_and_Aubergine%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Harvested_vegetables%28Tomatoes%2C_Cucumbers_and_Aubergine%29_2.jpg/600px-Harvested_vegetables%28Tomatoes%2C_Cucumbers_and_Aubergine%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Harvested_vegetables%28Tomatoes%2C_Cucumbers_and_Aubergine%29_2.jpg/800px-Harvested_vegetables%28Tomatoes%2C_Cucumbers_and_Aubergine%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harvested cucumber among other vegetables</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cucumber" title="Armenian cucumber">Armenian cucumber</a>, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Cucumis_melo" title="Cucumis melo">melon</a> that resembles a cucumber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_blessing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucumber blessing">Cucumber blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_cake" title="Cucumber cake">Cucumber cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_juice" title="Cucumber juice">Cucumber juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_raita" title="Cucumber raita">Cucumber raita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_sandwich" title="Cucumber sandwich">Cucumber sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_soda" title="Cucumber soda">Cucumber soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_soup" title="Cucumber soup">Cucumber soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumber</a>, named for its resemblance to the fruit</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/145850/cucumber">Cucumber</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia 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LiveStrong.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+do+cucumbers+upset+my+digestion%3F&rft.pub=LiveStrong.com&rft.date=2013-09-15&rft.aulast=Jordan-Reilly&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livestrong.com%2Farticle%2F471722-why-do-cucumbers-upset-my-digestion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook's_Guide-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cook's_Guide_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton2004" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Wendy (2004). <i>A Cook's Guide to Asian Vegetables</i>. Singapore: Periplus Editions. pp. <span class="nowrap">42–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0794600786" title="Special:BookSources/0794600786"><bdi>0794600786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cook%27s+Guide+to+Asian+Vegetables&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0794600786&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faostat-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faostat_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faostat_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC">"Cucumber and gherkin production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"</a>. 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/170033">Cucumber, melon's common ancestor originated in Asia</a>." <i>NewsTrack India.</i> Retrieved on 4 June 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomickiSchaeferRenner2020" class="citation journal cs1">Chomicki, Guillaume; Schaefer, Hanno; Renner, Susanne S. (June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnph.16015">"Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology"</a>. <i>New Phytologist</i>. <b>226</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1240–</span>1255. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NewPh.226.1240C">2020NewPh.226.1240C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnph.16015">10.1111/nph.16015</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-646X">0028-646X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Origin+and+domestication+of+Cucurbitaceae+crops%3A+insights+from+phylogenies%2C+genomics+and+archaeology&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1240-%3C%2Fspan%3E1255&rft.date=2020-06&rft.issn=0028-646X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnph.16015&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NewPh.226.1240C&rft.aulast=Chomicki&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+Hanno&rft.au=Renner%2C+Susanne+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fnph.16015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Renner_2007-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Renner_2007_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRennerSchaeferKocyan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Renner, SS; Schaefer, H; Kocyan, A (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225884">"Phylogenetics of <i>Cucumis</i> (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (<i>C. sativus</i>) belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (<i>C. melo</i>)"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 58. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007BMCEE...7...58R">2007BMCEE...7...58R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-7-58">10.1186/1471-2148-7-58</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225884">3225884</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17425784">17425784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetics+of+Cucumis+%28Cucurbitaceae%29%3A+Cucumber+%28C.+sativus%29+belongs+in+an+Asian%2FAustralian+clade+far+from+melon+%28C.+melo%29&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=58&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3225884%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17425784&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-7-58&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007BMCEE...7...58R&rft.aulast=Renner&rft.aufirst=SS&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+H&rft.au=Kocyan%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3225884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doijode-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doijode_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doijode, S. D. 2001. <i>Seed storage of horticultural crops</i>. <a href="/wiki/Haworth_Press" title="Haworth Press">Haworth Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56022-901-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56022-901-2">1-56022-901-2</a>. p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhuangChenStaubQian2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zhuang, Fei-Yun; Chen, Jin-Feng; Staub, Jack E.; Qian, Chun-Tao (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21273%2FHORTSCI.41.3.571">"Taxonomic Relationships of A Rare <i>Cucumis</i> Species (<i>C. hystrix</i> Chakr.) and Its Interspecific Hybrid with Cucumber"</a>. <i>HortScience</i>. <b>41</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">571–</span>574. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21273%2FHORTSCI.41.3.571">10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.571</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HortScience&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+Relationships+of+A+Rare+Cucumis+Species+%28C.+hystrix+Chakr.%29+and+Its+Interspecific+Hybrid+with+Cucumber&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E571-%3C%2Fspan%3E574&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21273%2FHORTSCI.41.3.571&rft.aulast=Zhuang&rft.aufirst=Fei-Yun&rft.au=Chen%2C+Jin-Feng&rft.au=Staub%2C+Jack+E.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Chun-Tao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21273%252FHORTSCI.41.3.571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AncientInventions-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AncientInventions_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AncientInventions_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames,_Peter_J.Thorpe,_NickThorpe,_I._J.1995" class="citation book cs1">James, Peter J.; Thorpe, Nick; Thorpe, I. J. (1995). "Ch. 12, Sport and Leusure: Roman Gardening Technology". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VmJLd3sSYecC"><i>Ancient Inventions</i></a>. Ballantine Books. p. 563. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-40102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-40102-1"><bdi>978-0-345-40102-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+12%2C+Sport+and+Leusure%3A+Roman+Gardening+Technology&rft.btitle=Ancient+Inventions&rft.pages=563&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-345-40102-1&rft.au=James%2C+Peter+J.&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+Nick&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+I.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVmJLd3sSYecC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>. [77–79 AD] 1855. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2019.23">Vegetables of a Cartilaginous Nature—Cucumbers. Pepones</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605044058/http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2019.23">Archived</a> 5 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Ch. 23 in <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">The Natural History</a></i> XIX, translated by <a href="/wiki/John_Bostock_(physician)" title="John Bostock (physician)">J. Bostock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Riley" title="Henry Thomas Riley">H. T. Riley</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. – via <i>Perseus under PhiloLogic</i>, also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D19%3Achapter%3D23">available</a> via Perseus Project.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> XX.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2020.3">iii</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605043843/http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2020.3">Archived</a> 5 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> XX.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2020.4">iv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605043845/http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2020.4">Archived</a> 5 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2020.5">v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605043846/http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinAugust2012&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%2020.5">Archived</a> 5 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001163816/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~bcohen/cucumbers/history.html">"<i>A Brief History of Cucumbers</i>, From Producing Vegetable Crops by Swiader et al; and A History of Horticulture in America to 1860 by U.P. Hedrick"</a>. <i>B's Cucumber Pages</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%27s+Cucumber+Pages&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Cucumbers%2C+From+Producing+Vegetable+Crops+by+Swiader+et+al%3B+and+A+History+of+Horticulture+in+America+to+1860+by+U.P.+Hedrick.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20071001163816%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpl.arizona.edu%2F~bcohen%2Fcucumbers%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2012" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, David (2012). <i>Taste, Memory: Forgotten Foods, Lost Flavors, and why They Matter</i>. VT, USA: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781603584401" title="Special:BookSources/9781603584401"><bdi>9781603584401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taste%2C+Memory%3A+Forgotten+Foods%2C+Lost+Flavors%2C+and+why+They+Matter&rft.place=VT%2C+USA&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781603584401&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhnleinTurner1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_V._Kuhnlein" title="Harriet V. Kuhnlein">Kuhnlein, H. V.</a>; Turner, N. J. (1996). <i>Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany and Use</i>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Gordon and Breach. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782881244650" title="Special:BookSources/9782881244650"><bdi>9782881244650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Plant+Foods+of+Canadian+Indigenous+Peoples%3A+Nutrition%2C+Botany+and+Use&rft.place=Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Gordon+and+Breach&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9782881244650&rft.aulast=Kuhnlein&rft.aufirst=H.+V.&rft.au=Turner%2C+N.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Higginson" title="Francis Higginson">Higginson, Francis</a>. [1630] 1906. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/newenglandsplant00higgrich/" class="extiw" title="iarchive:newenglandsplant00higgrich/">New-Englands Plantation</a></i>. Salem, MA: Essex Book and Print Club. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1049892552">1049892552</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newenglandsplant00higgrich/page/24/mode/2up?q=turnips">p. 5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, William. (1634). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/47082/47082-h/47082-h.htm#Page_13">Of the Hearbes, Fruites, Woods, Waters and Mineralls</a>", pp. 13–18 in <i>New England Prospect</i>. London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1663/08/22/">Saturday 22 August 1663 (Pepys' Diary)</a>. Pepysdiary.com. Retrieved on 25 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvelyn1699" class="citation book cs1">Evelyn, John (1699). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CiXbAAAAMAAJ"><i>Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets</i></a>. Prospect Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907325-12-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907325-12-3"><bdi>978-0-907325-12-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acetaria%3A+A+Discourse+of+Sallets&rft.pub=Prospect+Books&rft.date=1699&rft.isbn=978-0-907325-12-3&rft.aulast=Evelyn&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCiXbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2018" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Jan (15 July 2018). <i>Pickles: A Global History (Edible)</i>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780239194" title="Special:BookSources/9781780239194"><bdi>9781780239194</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pickles%3A+A+Global+History+%28Edible%29&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2018-07-15&rft.isbn=9781780239194&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoswell1832" class="citation book cs1">Boswell, James (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fKAEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA423"><i>The Life of Samuel Johnson: Including A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, Volumen 1</i></a>. Carter, Hendee and Company. p. 423<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Samuel+Johnson%3A+Including+A+Journal+of+a+Tour+to+the+Hebrides%2C+Volumen+1&rft.pages=423&rft.pub=Carter%2C+Hendee+and+Company&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Boswell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfKAEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACucumber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers6004" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers6004" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cucumis sativus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23425" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q23425">Q23425</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cucumis_sativus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cucumis sativus">Cucumis sativus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1398">1398</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=1666">1666</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/26094">26094</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/89383">89383</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/cucumis-sativus/">cucumis-sativus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id38899">38899</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6BPNL">6BPNL</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=817">817</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/584402">584402</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CUMSA">CUMSA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/168481">168481</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200022616">200022616</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022616">200022616</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2874569">2874569</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=404426">404426</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/54919">54919</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/292296-1">292296-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10884992">10884992</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22364">22364</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MichiganFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=881">881</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=279567">279567</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148362/">2.148362</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000034128">NBNSYS0000034128</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3659">3659</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/8cf49aa1-3efc-4838-bd31-913e57080696">8cf49aa1-3efc-4838-bd31-913e57080696</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/6665/">6665</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1006246">1006246</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PalDat: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paldat.org/pub/Cucumis_sativus">Cucumis_sativus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2747062">kew-2747062</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/CUSA4">CUSA4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A292296-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292296-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/105568/wd/Details">105568</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/9200572">9200572</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/4694">4694</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000628992">wfo-0000628992</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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