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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_proliferation_and_deterrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Nuclear proliferation and deterrence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_proliferation_and_deterrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_False_Promise_of_International_Institutions"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_False_Promise_of_International_Institutions""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 "The False Promise of International Institutions" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_False_Promise_of_International_Institutions"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offensive_realism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offensive_realism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Offensive realism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offensive_realism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Night_watchman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Night_watchman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Night watchman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Night_watchman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persian_Gulf_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_Gulf_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Persian Gulf War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_Gulf_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statements_on_Israeli_wars_and_Palestinian_statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statements_on_Israeli_wars_and_Palestinian_statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.1 Statements on Israeli wars and Palestinian statehood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statements_on_Israeli_wars_and_Palestinian_statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Future_of_Palestine"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Future_of_Palestine""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.2 "The Future of Palestine" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Future_of_Palestine"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Wandering_Who?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Wandering_Who?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.3 The Wandering Who? </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Wandering_Who?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_and_containment_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_and_containment_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Rise and containment of China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_and_containment_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Why_Leaders_Lie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Why_Leaders_Lie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Why Leaders Lie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Why_Leaders_Lie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"The_Case_for_a_Ukrainian_Nuclear_Deterrent"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Case_for_a_Ukrainian_Nuclear_Deterrent""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11.1 "The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Case_for_a_Ukrainian_Nuclear_Deterrent"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Why_the_Ukraine_Crisis_is_the_West's_Fault"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Why_the_Ukraine_Crisis_is_the_West's_Fault""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11.2 "Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Why_the_Ukraine_Crisis_is_the_West's_Fault"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11.3 Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberal_international_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_international_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Liberal international order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_international_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hypothesis_testing_in_international_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypothesis_testing_in_international_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Hypothesis testing in international relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypothesis_testing_in_international_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noelle-Neumann_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noelle-Neumann_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Noelle-Neumann controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noelle-Neumann_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Selected works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Selected works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Journal articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" > 32 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1" title="جون ميرشايمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون ميرشايمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_Mir%C5%9Faymer" title="Con Mirşaymer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Con Mirşaymer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জন মিয়ারশাইমার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন মিয়ারশাইমার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Mearsheimer" title="John J. Mearsheimer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John J. Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="جان مرشایمر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان مرشایمر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%AF%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%83%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%A8%B8" title="존 미어샤이머 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 미어샤이머" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0" title="जॉन मियरशाइमर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉन मियरशाइमर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1" title="جون ميرشايمر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ميرشايمر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="ジョン・ミアシャイマー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ミアシャイマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Миршаймер, Джон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миршаймер, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Mearsheimer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk 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S.">BS</a>) <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (<a href="/wiki/M._A." class="mw-redirect" title="M. A.">MA</a>) <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="#"Why_the_Ukraine_Crisis_is_the_West's_Fault"">"Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault"</a> (2014)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(international_relations)" title="Neorealism (international relations)">Neorealism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_relations_theory" title="International relations theory">International relations theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_security" title="International security">international security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence theory</a><a href="#cite_note-case_for_a-Ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com.au-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Offensive_realism" title="Offensive realism">Offensive realism</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mearsheimer.com">www.mearsheimer.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> John Joseph Mearsheimer (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɪərʃaɪmər/</a>; born December 14, 1947)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> is an American <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political scientist</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> scholar. He is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. Mearsheimer is best known for developing the theory of <a href="/wiki/Offensive_realism" title="Offensive realism">offensive realism</a>, which describes the interaction between <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a> as being primarily driven by the <a href="/wiki/Rational_choice_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational choice theory">rational desire</a> to achieve regional <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Anarchy_(international_relations)" title="Anarchy (international relations)">anarchic international system</a>. In accordance with his theory, Mearsheimer believes that China's growing power will likely bring it into conflict with the United States. In his 2007 book <a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a>, Mearsheimer argues that the <a href="/wiki/Israel_lobby_in_the_United_States" title="Israel lobby in the United States">Israel lobby</a> wields disproportionate influence over <a href="/wiki/U.S._foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. foreign policy">U.S. foreign policy</a>. His more recent work focuses on criticism of the "<a href="/wiki/Liberal_international_order" title="Liberal international order">liberal international order</a>" and why he believes the West is to blame for the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Mearsheimer was born in December 1947 in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York City to a family of <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> When he was eight, he moved with his family to <a href="/wiki/Croton-on-Hudson,_New_York" title="Croton-on-Hudson, New York">Croton-on-Hudson, New York</a>, a suburb in <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Westchester County">Westchester County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-globetrotter.berkeley-5">[5]</a> When he was 17, Mearsheimer enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army</a>. After one year as an enlisted man, he obtained an appointment to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point</a>, which he attended from 1966 to 1970. Commissioned at graduation, Mearsheimer then served five years as an officer in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In 1974, while in the Air Force, Mearsheimer earned a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>. He entered <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> and in 1980 earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">doctorate</a> in government, concentrating his studies in international relations. From 1978 to 1979, he was a research fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>. From 1980 to 1982, Mearsheimer was a <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Postdoctoral fellow">postdoctoral fellow</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Weatherhead_Center_for_International_Affairs" title="Weatherhead Center for International Affairs">Center for International Affairs</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> Since 1982, Mearsheimer has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculty</a> of the Department of Political Science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He became an <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a> in 1984 and a <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">full professor</a> in 1987 and was appointed the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor in 1996. From 1989 to 1992, he served as chairman of the department. He also holds a position as a faculty member in the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_International_Relations_(University_of_Chicago)" title="Committee on International Relations (University of Chicago)">Committee on International Relations</a> graduate program, and he is a co-director of the Program on International Security Policy.<a href="#cite_note-WorldAffairs-9">[9]</a> Mearsheimer's books include Conventional Deterrence (1983), which won the Edgar S. Furniss Jr. Book Award; Nuclear Deterrence: Ethics and Strategy (co-editor, 1985); <a href="/wiki/Liddell_Hart" class="mw-redirect" title="Liddell Hart">Liddell Hart</a> and the Weight of History (1988); <a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a> (2001), which won the <a href="/wiki/Lepgold_Book_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepgold Book Prize">Lepgold Book Prize</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a> (2007); and <a href="/wiki/Why_Leaders_Lie:_The_Truth_About_Lying_in_International_Politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About Lying in International Politics">Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About Lying in International Politics</a> (2011). His articles have appeared in academic journals like <a href="/wiki/International_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="International Security">International Security</a> and popular magazines like the <a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a>. He has written op-ed pieces for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WorldAffairs-9">[9]</a> Mearsheimer has won several teaching awards. He received the Clark Award for Distinguished Teaching when he was a graduate student at Cornell in 1977, and he won the Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at the University of Chicago in 1985. In addition, he was selected as a <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> Visiting Scholar for the 1993–1994 academic year. In that capacity, he gave a series of talks at eight colleges and universities. During the 1998–1999 academic year, he was the Whitney H. Shepardson Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-globetrotter.berkeley-5">[5]</a> In 2003, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WorldAffairs-9">[9]</a> He is the recipient of the <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a>'s 2020 James Madison Award, which is presented every three years to an American political scientist who has made distinguished scholarly contributions. The Award Committee noted that Mearsheimer is "one of the most cited International Relations scholars in the discipline, but his works are read well beyond the academy as well."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> A 2017 survey of US international relations faculty ranks him third among "scholars whose work has had the greatest influence on the field of International Relations in the past 20 years."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work">edit</a>]</div> Mearsheimer popularized the term <a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">rollback</a> to describe the geopolitical strategy of inciting unrest in a rival country while supporting government change covertly or overtly.<a href="#cite_note-:Wang-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventional_Deterrence">Conventional Deterrence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conventional Deterrence">edit</a>]</div> Mearsheimer's first book, Conventional Deterrence (1983), addresses the issue of how the decision to start a war depends on the projected outcome of the war, in other words, how the decision makers' beliefs about the outcome of the war affect the success or failure of deterrence. Mearsheimer's basic argument is that deterrence is likely to work when the potential attacker believes that an attack will be costly and is unlikely to succeed. However, if the potential attacker has reason to believe the attack will entail low costs and is likely to succeed, deterrence is likely to break down, which is now widely accepted to be how the principle of deterrence works. Specifically, Mearsheimer argues that the success of deterrence is determined by the strategy available to the potential attacker. He lays out three strategies. Firstly, an attrition strategy entails a high level of uncertainty about the outcome of war and high costs for the attacker. Secondly, a limited-aims strategy entails fewer risks and lower costs. Thirdly, a <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkrieg</a> strategy provides a way to defeat the enemy rapidly and decisively with relatively low costs. For Mearsheimer, failures in the modern battlefield are caused mostly by the potential attacker's belief that it can successfully implement a blitzkrieg strategy in which tanks and other mechanized forces are employed swiftly to cause deep penetration and to disrupt the enemy's rear.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The two other strategies are unlikely to lead to deterrence failures because they entail a low probability of success, accompanied by high costs (<a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">attrition warfare</a>) or limited gains and the possibility of the conflict turning into a war of attrition (<a href="/wiki/Limited_war" title="Limited war">limited aims</a>). However, if the attacker has a coherent blitzkrieg strategy available, an attack is likely to ensue because its potential benefits outweigh the costs and risks of starting a war.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Besides analyzing cases from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>, Mearsheimer's 1983 book extrapolates implications from his theory for the prospects of conventional deterrence in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> during the late <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. It argues that a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> attack is unlikely because the Soviet military would be unable to successfully implement a blitzkrieg strategy. The book argues that the balance of forces, the difficulty of advancing rapidly with mechanized forces through Central Europe, and the formidable <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> forces opposing such a Soviet attack results in low chances for the Soviets to start a <a href="/wiki/Conventional_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Conventional war">conventional war</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liddell_Hart_and_the_Weight_of_History">Liddell Hart and the Weight of History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Liddell Hart and the Weight of History">edit</a>]</div> Mearsheimer's second book, Liddell Hart and the Weight of History (1988), reassesses the intellectual legacies of the 20th century British military theorist <a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">B. H. Liddell Hart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a> While acknowledging that his own research had "profited greatly from his stimulating writings" and that Liddell Hart's works should still be considered "essential reading for serious students of strategy and warfare",<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a>: x  Mearsheimer argues that much of the conventional wisdom on Liddell Hart's contributions to modern military thought was flawed. In particular, the theory of the <a href="/wiki/Indirect_approach" title="Indirect approach">indirect approach</a>, which Liddell Hart developed in the 1930s, is so vague and tautological that "virtually every military victory can be ascribed to [it]."<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a>: 87  Moreover, Liddell Hart's limited attempts to operationalize the theory clearly indicated that what he primarily had in mind was to "indirectly" defeat a continental adversary by "break[ing] the morale of the enemy's civilian population, not to destroy his military forces, which of course is what the blitzkrieg is concerned with".<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a>: 88  The common practice of tracing the intellectual origins of the <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkrieg</a> strategy to the indirect approach is thus mistaken since there was "no evidence ... that Liddell Hart understood the importance of the deep strategic penetration [that distinguishes blitzkrieg] before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>". Not surprisingly, Liddell Hart was proven utterly wrong on the fundamental military questions of the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> (he dismissed the possibility of a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">decisive German offensive in the Western front</a>) and fell into disrepute in the immediate aftermath of the war.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a>: 43  Mearsheimer shows that Liddell Hart managed to salvage his intellectual stature by convincing former <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> generals to credit him with the ideas that led to the development of Germany's blitzkrieg strategy. Eager to restore their own tarnished reputation after the war, retired German generals such as <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Guderian" title="Heinz Guderian">Heinz Guderian</a> allowed Liddell Hart to exaggerate his influence on blitzkrieg in their memoirs in exchange for helping them promote an image of themselves as having been military innovators first and foremost rather than <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> henchmen. In the case of Guderian, Liddell Hart effectively acted as his "literary agent" for the English-speaking world.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a>: 185  <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Bayerlein" title="Fritz Bayerlein">Fritz Bayerlein</a>, who served as General <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>'s chief of staff in the <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a>, similarly helped Liddell Hart manipulate the historical record for a false portrayal of Rommel as having been his "pupil".<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a>: 193–201  Mearsheimer concludes by emphasizing the importance of a robust intellectual community that can hold "defense intellectuals" accountable: <blockquote>Defense intellectuals need to know that informed judgments will be passed on their views and their overall conduct and that charlatanism will be exposed. Absence of penalties for misbehavior means no brake on the spread of false ideas. Liddell Hart actually was held accountable at one point. The significant ebbing of his influence during and immediately after World War II was, in effect, punishment for offering flawed ideas for how to deal with the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Third Reich</a>. What is disturbing about Liddell Hart's case, however, is that eventually he was able to escape from this predicament by rewriting history. The national security community, especially its historians, need to be alert to historical manipulation for selfish reasons.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">[16]</a>: 224 </blockquote> Mearsheimer's arguments about Liddell Hart generated varied responses. For example, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> Operational Theory Research Institute, Simon Naveh, concurred in a separate study, which found that "by distorting the actual historical circumstances of the Blitzkrieg formation [Liddell Hart] obscured its temporal and cognitive origins.... The early-1950s display of the transformed version of Blitzkrieg as a historical fact, carrying the joint signature of Liddell Hart and Guderian, lent it an authentic touch and a professional legitimacy that could not be shaken."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>: 108–109  In contrast, Richard Swain of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="United States Army Command and General Staff College">US Army Command and General Staff College</a> argued that while "there is a good deal about which Mearsheimer is correct," he likely overstates the extent to which Liddell Hart's historical distortions were consciously self-serving: "To charge Liddell Hart with cleverly creating a deception requires one first to accept that Liddell Hart knew he had been wrong. There is little or no evidence of that."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>: 803  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_proliferation_and_deterrence">Nuclear proliferation and deterrence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nuclear proliferation and deterrence">edit</a>]</div> In 1990, Mearsheimer published an essay in which he predicted that Europe would revert to a <a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">multipolar</a> environment, similar to that of the first half of the 20th century, if American and Soviet forces left after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Back_to_the_Future-19">[19]</a> In another article that year in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, he predicted that the multipolar environment would increase nuclear proliferation in Europe, especially in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_Monthly-20">[20]</a> In that essay and in the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a> article "The case for a Ukrainian nuclear deterrent",<a href="#cite_note-case_for_a-Ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent-1">[1]</a> he argues that to reduce the dangers of war, the US should accept the possibility of Germany and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> developing a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arsenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear arsenal">nuclear arsenal</a> and work to prevent the rise of excessive <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>. Mearsheimer presents several possible scenarios for a Europe after the departure of American and Russian forces. He states that a Europe with nuclear proliferation was most likely to remain at peace because without a nuclear deterrent, Germany would be likely to once more try to conquer the continent.<a href="#cite_note-Back_to_the_Future-19">[19]</a>: 32–33  Mearsheimer argues it to be strategically unwise for <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> to surrender its nuclear arsenal (remnants of the Soviet stockpile). However, in 1994 <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">a series of agreements</a> required Ukraine to agree to get rid of its entire former Soviet nuclear stockpile, a process that was complete by 1996. When challenged on the former assertion at a lecture given to the International Politics department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth" title="Aberystwyth">Aberystwyth</a>, he maintained that in spite of <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a> and expansion, he still believed that his predictions would come true if the US military left Europe.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In op-ed pieces written in 1998 and 2000 for The New York Times, Mearsheimer explains why it makes sense for India to pursue nuclear weapons. He argues that India has good strategic reasons to want a nuclear deterrent, especially to balance against China and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and to guarantee regional stability. He also criticized the American <a href="/wiki/Counterproliferation" title="Counterproliferation">counterproliferation</a> policy towards India, which he considers to be unrealistic and harmful to American interests in the region.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> At the Korea Global Forum 2023 organized by South Korea's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Unification" title="Ministry of Unification">Ministry of Unification</a> in Seoul, Mearsheimer stated at keynote speech that North Korea possessing nuclear weapons is not an ideal situation, but can be seen as "force of stability". This is because the US provides a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_umbrella" title="Nuclear umbrella">nuclear umbrella</a> to South Korea while North Korea has their own nuclear weapons as a necessary deterrent against the US and other adversaries. Mearsheimer also stated that possession of nuclear weapons by the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War played a big role in both sides not attacking each other.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_False_Promise_of_International_Institutions"">"The False Promise of International Institutions"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "The False Promise of International Institutions"">edit</a>]</div> In a widely cited 1994 article, "The False Promise of International Institutions", Mearsheimer tackles popular arguments about the ability of institutions to discourage war and promote peace among states. He recognizes that states often find institutions to be useful, but the imperative of relentless security competition under anarchy means that state behavior is primarily a function of the distribution of power in the international system. Institutions, at best, are "merely an intervening variable in the process." Mearsheimer maintains that "institutionalist theories" offered poor alternatives to this grim picture of international politics. In particular, influential <a href="/wiki/Liberal_institutionalism" title="Liberal institutionalism">neoliberal institutionalist</a> arguments ignore relative-gains concerns as a barrier to cooperation and fail to provide evidence that instances of cooperation, which are commonly attributed to institutions, would not have taken place in their absence. Other theories such as <a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">collective security</a> theory and <a href="/wiki/Critical_international_relations_theory" title="Critical international relations theory">critical theory</a> likewise fell short on logical and empirical grounds.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In a response article, the prominent neoliberal institutionalist scholars <a href="/wiki/Robert_Keohane" title="Robert Keohane">Robert Keohane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Martin_(political_scientist)" title="Lisa Martin (political scientist)">Lisa Martin</a> acknowledge that seminal institutionalist works tended to neglect the problem of relative gains but maintain that the debate spawned by realist challenges "has made distributional and bargaining issues more salient than they were in early neoliberal thinking."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Mearsheimer charges that "a careful look at Keohane and Martin's response reveals that liberal institutionalism in its latest form is no longer a clear alternative to realism, but has, in fact, been swallowed up by it."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offensive_realism">Offensive realism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Offensive realism">edit</a>]</div> Mearsheimer is the leading proponent of <a href="/wiki/Offensive_realism" title="Offensive realism">offensive realism</a>. The structural theory, unlike the <a href="/wiki/Classical_realism_(international_relations)" title="Classical realism (international relations)">classical realism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Morgenthau" title="Hans Morgenthau">Hans Morgenthau</a>, places the principal emphasis on security competition among great powers within the anarchy of the international system, not on the human nature of statesmen and diplomats. In contrast to another structural realist theory, the <a href="/wiki/Defensive_realism" title="Defensive realism">defensive realism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Waltz" title="Kenneth Waltz">Kenneth Waltz</a>, offensive realism maintains that states are not satisfied with a given amount of power but seek hegemony for security because the anarchic makeup of the international system creates strong incentives for states to seek opportunities to gain power at the expense of competitors.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Mearsheimer summarized that view in his 2001 book <a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a>: <blockquote>Given the difficulty of determining how much power is enough for today and tomorrow, great powers recognize that the best way to ensure their security is to achieve hegemony now, thus eliminating any possibility of a challenge by another great power. Only a misguided state would pass up an opportunity to be the hegemon in the system because it thought it already had sufficient power to survive.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></blockquote> Mearsheimer dismisses <a href="/wiki/Democratic_peace_theory" title="Democratic peace theory">democratic peace theory</a>, which claims that <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracies</a> never or rarely go to war with each other.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_Monthly-20">[20]</a> He also does not believe it to be possible for a state to become a global <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemon</a>. Although that is theoretically possible, there is too much landmass and too many oceans, which he posits as having effective stopping power and acting as giant moats. Instead, he believes that states can achieve only <a href="/wiki/Regional_hegemony" title="Regional hegemony">regional hegemony</a>. Furthermore, he argues that regional hegemons attempt to prevent other states from gaining hegemony in their region since peer competitors would be free to roam and thus could interfere in the established regional hegemon's neighborhood. States that have achieved regional hegemony, such as the United States (see <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a>), will act as offshore balancers by interfering in other regions if the great powers in those regions cannot prevent the rise of a hegemon. Mearsheimer's theory of offensive realism has become a popular explanation of the American strategic approach in resisting China as a growing superpower that might one day unseat America's dominant position.<a href="#cite_note-:92222-29">[29]</a>: 216  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Night_watchman">Night watchman</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Night watchman">edit</a>]</div> "Night watchman" in Mearsheimer's terminology is a "global hegemon", a theoretical impossibility according to <a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mearsheimer-2001-tragedy-30">[30]</a> Nevertheless, Mearsheimer mentioned in 1990 the existence of a "watchman". Democracies lived at peace because "America's hegemonic position in NATO ... mitigated the effects of anarchy on the Western democracies and induced cooperation among them ... With the United States serving as a night watchman, fears about relative gains among the Western European states were mitigated[.]"<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_Monthly-20">[20]</a> Afterwards, Mearsheimer did not mention the "watchman" for some time. A decade later, he described the "international anarchy" as having not changed with the end of the Cold War, and that "there are few signs that such change is likely any time soon. States remain the principal actors in world politics and there is still no night watchman standing above them."<a href="#cite_note-mearsheimer-2001-tragedy-30">[30]</a> Five more years later, Mearsheimer confirmed that "in an anarchic system there is no night watchman for a state to call when trouble comes knocking at their door."<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Precisely two decades after Mearsheimer had detected the watchman in the world for the last time, he rediscovered the watchman, which exists and keeps Europe at peace. The article "Why Is Europe Peaceful Today?" unambiguously answers, "The reason is simple: the United States is by far the most powerful country in the world and it effectively acts as a night watchman."<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian_Gulf_War">Persian Gulf War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Persian Gulf War">edit</a>]</div> In January and early February 1991, Mearsheimer published two op-eds in the Chicago Tribune and the New York Times and argued that <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">the war to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi forces</a> would be quick and lead to a decisive US victory, with less than 1,000 American casualties. Mearsheimer's argument was based on several points. Firstly, the Iraqi Army was a <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a> military that was unprepared to fight mobile armored battles. Secondly, US armored forces were better equipped and trained. Thirdly, US artillery was also far better than its Iraqi counterpart. Fourthly, US airpower, unfettered by the weak Iraqi air force, should prove devastating against Iraqi ground forces. Fifthly and finally, the forward deployment of Iraqi reserves boded ill for their ability to counter US efforts to penetrate the Iraqi defense line along the Saudi–Kuwaiti border. All of those predictions came true during the course of the war.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-why-john-j-mearsheimer-is-right-about-some-things/8839-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a></div> In March 2006, Mearsheimer and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Walt" title="Stephen Walt">Stephen Walt</a>, the former academic dean and professor of international relations at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>, published a working paper,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a> article,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> discussing the power of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_lobby_in_the_United_States" title="Israel lobby in the United States">Israel lobby</a> shaping the U.S. foreign policy. They define the Israel lobby as "a loose coalition of individuals and organizations who actively work to steer US foreign policy in a pro-Israel direction." They state that it is not appropriate to label it a "<a href="/wiki/Jewish_lobby" title="Jewish lobby">Jewish lobby</a>" because not all <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> feel a strong attachment to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and because some of the individuals and groups who work to foster US support for Israel are not Jewish. For example, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionists" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Zionists">Christian Zionists</a> also play an important role. Finally, they emphasize that the lobby is not a <a href="/wiki/Cabal" title="Cabal">cabal</a> or a conspiracy but simply a powerful interest group, like the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a> or the farm lobby. Their core argument is that the policies pushed by the lobby are not in the <a href="/wiki/National_interest" title="National interest">national interest</a> of the US or ultimately of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Those pieces generated extensive media coverage and led to a wide-ranging and often heated debate, including charges of antisemitism, between supporters and opponents of their argument.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The article was subsequently turned into a book, <a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statements_on_Israeli_wars_and_Palestinian_statehood">Statements on Israeli wars and Palestinian statehood</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Statements on Israeli wars and Palestinian statehood">edit</a>]</div> Mearsheimer was critical of the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>. He argued that Israel's strategy was "doomed to fail" because it was based on the "faulty assumption" that Israeli air power could defeat <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, which was essentially a guerrilla force. The war, he argued, was a disaster for the Lebanese people, as well as a "major setback" for the United States and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> He said that the Israel lobby played a key role in enabling Israel's counterproductive response by preventing the US from exercising independent influence.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Mearsheimer was also critical of Israel's <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">offensive against Hamas in the Gaza Strip</a> that began in December 2008. He argued that it would not eliminate <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>'s capability to fire missiles and rockets at Israel and that it would not cause Hamas to end its fight with Israel. In fact, he argued that relations between Israel and the Palestinians were likely to get worse in the years ahead.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Mearsheimer emphasizes that the only hope for Israel to end its conflict with the Palestinians is to end the occupation and to allow the Palestinians to have their own state in Gaza and the West Bank; otherwise, Israel will turn itself into an "apartheid state", which would be a disastrous outcome for Israel, the United States, and especially for the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Mearsheimer's criticisms of Israel further extended to its possession of nuclear weapons. In remarks made at the <a href="/wiki/International_Spy_Museum" title="International Spy Museum">International Spy Museum</a> in 2010, Mearsheimer asserted that a nuclear Israel was contrary to US interests and questioned Israel's accountability in the matter. He stated that there was "no accountability for Israel on any issue" because he surmised, "The Israelis can do almost anything and get away with it."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""The_Future_of_Palestine"">"The Future of Palestine"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "The Future of Palestine"">edit</a>]</div> In April 2010, Mearsheimer delivered the <a href="/wiki/Hisham_B._Sharabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham B. Sharabi">Hisham B. Sharabi</a> Memorial Lecture at the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Center" title="Palestine Center">Palestine Center</a> in Washington, D.C., which he titled "The Future of Palestine: Righteous Jews vs. the New Afrikaners." He argued that "the <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> is now a fantasy" because Israel will incorporate the Gaza Strip and the West Bank into a "<a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a>", which would become an <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> state. According to Mearsheimer, such a state would not be politically viable, most American Jews would not support it, and it would eventually become a democratic binational state politically dominated by its Palestinian majority. He suggested that "American Jews who care deeply about Israel" could be divided into three categories: the "new <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a>", who will support Israel even if it is an apartheid state; "righteous Jews", who believe that individual rights are universal and apply equally to Jews and Palestinians; and the largest group, which he called the "great ambivalent middle". He concluded that most of the "great ambivalent middle" would not defend an apartheid Israel because "American Jews are among the staunchest defenders of traditional liberal values." Accordingly, the "new Afrikaners" would become increasingly marginalized over time. Mearsheimer stated that he "would classify most of the individuals who head the Israel lobby's major organizations as "'new Afrikaners'" and specifically listed a number of prominent Jews and Jewish organizations, including <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Foxman" title="Abraham Foxman">Abraham Foxman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Harris_(advocate)" title="David Harris (advocate)">David Harris</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Hoenlein" title="Malcolm Hoenlein">Malcolm Hoenlein</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_Major_American_Jewish_Organizations" title="Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations">Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lauder" title="Ronald Lauder">Ronald Lauder</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morton_Klein" title="Morton Klein">Morton Klein</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Zionist Organization of America">Zionist Organization of America</a>, as well as businessmen such as <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Adelson" title="Sheldon Adelson">Sheldon Adelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Crown" title="Lester Crown">Lester Crown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Zuckerman" title="Mortimer Zuckerman">Mortimer Zuckerman</a> and "media personalities" like <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hiatt" title="Fred Hiatt">Fred Hiatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Charles Krauthammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bret_Stephens" title="Bret Stephens">Bret Stephens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Peretz" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Peretz">Martin Peretz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sml-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Wandering_Who?">The Wandering Who?</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Wandering Who?">edit</a>]</div> In 2011, John Mearsheimer wrote a back-cover blurb for controversial author <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Atzmon" title="Gilad Atzmon">Gilad Atzmon</a>'s book The Wandering Who? A Study of Jewish Identity Politics: "Gilad Atzmon has written a fascinating and provocative book on Jewish identity in the modern world. He shows how assimilation and liberalism are making it increasingly difficult for Jews in the Diaspora to maintain a powerful sense of their 'Jewishness.' Panicked Jewish leaders, he argues, have turned to Zionism (blind loyalty to Israel) and scaremongering (the threat of another Holocaust) to keep the tribe united and distinct from the surrounding goyim. As Atzmon's own case demonstrates, this strategy is not working and is causing many Jews great anguish. The Wandering Who? should be widely read by Jews and non-Jews alike."<a href="#cite_note-walt.foreignpolicy.com-45">[45]</a> Mearsheimer's endorsement of Atzmon's book was met with accusations of antisemitism by prominent Jewish writers and intellectuals. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dershowitz" title="Alan Dershowitz">Alan Dershowitz</a> wrote an article in response, "Why are John Mearsheimer and Richard Falk Endorsing a Blatantly Anti-Semitic Book?" He stated that the book "argues that Jews seek to control the world."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Mearsheimer denied the charges of antisemitism in that he had "no reason to amend it or embellish" his blurb<a href="#cite_note-:0-47">[47]</a> and defended his position. Responding to the charge by Jeffrey Goldberg in The Atlantic that Atzmon is antisemitic and, by implication, so is his positive review of Atzmon's book, Mearsheimer wrote: "Atzmon's basic point is that Jews often talk in universalistic terms, but many of them think and act in particularistic terms. One might say they talk like liberals but act like nationalists.... It is in this context that he discusses what he calls the 'Holocaust religion,' Zionism, and Israel's treatment of the Palestinians. Again, to be perfectly clear, he has no animus toward Judaism as a religion or with individuals who are Jewish by birth."<a href="#cite_note-walt.foreignpolicy.com-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_and_containment_of_China">Rise and containment of China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rise and containment of China">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_toward_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="United States foreign policy toward the People's Republic of China">United States foreign policy toward the People's Republic of China</a></div> Mearsheimer asserts that <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">China's rise</a> will not be peaceful,<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and that the US will seek to contain China and to prevent it from achieving regional hegemony.<a href="#cite_note-cur-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-why-john-j-mearsheimer-is-right-about-some-things/8839-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Mearsheimer argues that although <a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">containing</a> China militarily is possible, economic containment of China is not.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Mearsheimer believes that China will attempt to dominate the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region just as the US set out to dominate the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>. China's goal will be to gain a position of military superiority over its neighbors, which it sees as potentially dangerous threats.<a href="#cite_note-mearsheimer.uchicago.edu-53">[53]</a> Additionally, he maintains that the US will attempt to form a balancing coalition that consists primarily of India, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, Vietnam, and Indonesia to counter the growing strength and <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">power projection</a> capabilities of China.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Mearsheimer presented a fuller statement of his views on China's rise in his 2014 updated edition of <a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a>, arguing that "if China continues its striking economic growth over the next few decades, it is likely to act in accordance with the logic of <a href="/wiki/Offensive_realism" title="Offensive realism">offensive realism</a>.... Specifically, it will try to dominate Asia the way the United States dominates the Western Hemisphere." In accordance with the theory's structural logic, China will pursue regional hegemony not because its domestic politics or ideology inclines it toward aggression but because "domination offers the best way to survive under international anarchy".<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2003-55">[55]</a>: 368  Mearsheimer stressed that China was simply following America's example in that regard: <blockquote>These ambitious goals make good strategic sense for China (although this is not to say China will necessarily be able to achieve them). Beijing should want a militarily weak and isolated India, Japan, and Russia as its neighbors, just as the United States prefers a militarily weak Canada and Mexico on its borders. What state in its right mind would want other powerful countries located in its region? All Chinese surely remember what happened over the last century when Japan was powerful and China was weak.... [They also] surely remember what happened in the hundred years between the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> (1832–42) and the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1945), when the United States and the European great powers took advantage of a weak China and not only violated its sovereignty but also imposed unfair treaties on it and exploited it economically. Why should we expect China to act differently than the United States? Are the Chinese more principled than we are? More ethical? Are they less nationalistic? Less concerned about their survival? They are none of these things, of course, which is why China is likely to follow basic realist logic and attempt to become a regional hegemon in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2003-55">[55]</a>: 374–375 </blockquote> In a subsequent debate with former US National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a> in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> magazine, Mearsheimer clarified, "It is unlikely that China will go on a rampage and conquer other Asian countries. Instead, China will want to dictate the boundaries of acceptable behavior to neighboring countries, much the way the United States does in the Americas. An increasingly powerful China is also likely to try to push the United States out of Asia, much the way the United States pushed the European great powers out of the Western Hemisphere." In his response, Brzezinski argued, "How great powers behave is not predetermined.... For its part, the Chinese leadership appears much more flexible and sophisticated than many previous aspirants to great power status." Mearsheimer responded that Chinese leaders are indeed prudent and have no incentive to "pick a fight" with the United States at the moment, but "what we are talking about is the situation in 2025 or 2030, when China has the military muscle to take on the United States. What happens then, when China has a much larger gross national product and a much more formidable military than it has today? The history of great powers offers a straightforward answer[.]"<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In a widely debated 2021 Foreign Affairs article, Mearsheimer observed that the United States was destined to compete aggressively with China as long as the latter continued to grow into a militarily and economically powerful state in East Asia. However, contrary to realist logic, the US in the post-Cold War period had "promoted investment in China and welcomed the country into the global trading system, thinking it would become a peace-loving democracy and a responsible stakeholder in a US-led international order".<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2021-57">[57]</a>: 48  In effect, by pursuing a policy of engagement, the US had facilitated China's dangerous rise to great-power status and hastened the onset of a <a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">new Cold War</a>: <blockquote>Nobody can say that engagement wasn't given ample opportunity to work, nor can anyone argue that China emerged as a threat because the United States was not accommodating enough....China's economy experienced unprecedented growth, but the country did not turn into a liberal democracy or a responsible stakeholder. To the contrary, Chinese leaders view liberal values as a threat to their country's stability, and as rulers of rising powers normally do, they are pursuing an increasingly aggressive foreign policy. There is no way around it: engagement was a colossal strategic mistake.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2021-57">[57]</a>: 54–55 </blockquote> In a 2015 review of Mearsheimer's arguments on China, the sociologist <a href="/wiki/Amitai_Etzioni" title="Amitai Etzioni">Amitai Etzioni</a> charged that the two powers "have very little 'real' reason to confront each other" and that the "main value of Mearsheimer's provocative thesis is that it alerts those of us on both sides of the power divide to redouble our efforts to prevent his dire predictions from coming true."<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> By contrast, Executive Director <a href="/wiki/Tom_Switzer" title="Tom Switzer">Tom Switzer</a> of the Sydney-based <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Independent_Studies" title="Centre for Independent Studies">Centre for Independent Studies</a> opined in May 2020, "Rarely in history has an academic been as intellectually vindicated as John Mearsheimer, [He] accurately foresaw the intense Sino-American security competition that the coronavirus crisis has exposed."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In the early 2000s, after Mearsheimer argued in <a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">Tragedy</a> that China could not rise peacefully, he was invited by Chinese policymakers and academics to give talks in the country.<a href="#cite_note-:3-60">[60]</a> Having attained stardom in China,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> he told the <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a> in 2023: "When I go to Beijing, I feel more at home intellectually, and in terms of thinking about foreign policy, than I am in Washington. The Chinese are realists to the core."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Mearsheimer notes that Chinese interlocutors often challenge him on his assertion of China's unpeaceful rise, with some elites citing <a href="/wiki/Economic_interdependence" title="Economic interdependence">economic interdependence</a> theory to dispute his realist views.<a href="#cite_note-:3-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Why_Leaders_Lie">Why Leaders Lie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Why Leaders Lie">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Why_Leaders_Lie" title="Why Leaders Lie">Why Leaders Lie</a></div> Mearsheimer wrote a book, Why Leaders Lie (Oxford University Press, 2011), which analyzes lying in international politics. He argues that leaders lie to foreign audiences because they think that it is good for their country. For example, he maintains that US President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> lied about the <a href="/wiki/USS_Greer_(DD-145)#The_Greer_incident,_September_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Greer (DD-145)">Greer incident</a> in September 1941 because he was deeply committed to getting America into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, which he thought was in its national interest.<a href="#cite_note-Why_Leaders_Lie-63">[63]</a> His two main findings are that leaders actually do not lie very much to other countries and that democratic leaders are actually more likely than <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">autocrats</a> to lie to their own people.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Thus, he starts his book by saying that it is not surprising that <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> did not lie about Iraq having no <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> but that <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and some of his key advisors lied to the American people about the threat from Iraq. Mearsheimer argues that leaders are most likely to lie to their own people in democracies that fight wars of choice in distant places. He says that it is difficult for leaders to lie to other countries because there is not much trust among them, especially when security issues are at stake, and trust is needed for lying to be effective. Mearsheimer states that it is easier for leaders to lie to their own people because there is usually a good deal of trust between them.<a href="#cite_note-Why_Leaders_Lie-63">[63]</a> Mearsheimer does not consider the moral dimension of international lying, which he views from a utilitarian perspective. He argues that there are five types of international lies.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_Youtube-65">[65]</a> <ol><li>Inter-state lies occur if the leader of one country lies to a leader of another country or, more generally, any foreign audience, to induce a desired reaction.</li> <li>Fear-mongering occurs if a leader lies to his or her own domestic public.</li> <li>Strategic cover-ups are lies to prevent controversial policies and deals from being made known publicly.</li> <li>Nationalist myths are stories about a country's past that portray that country in a positive light and its adversaries in a negative light.</li> <li>Liberal lies are given to clear up the negative reputation of institutions, individuals, or actions.</li></ol> Mearsheimer explains the reasons for leaders pursuing each of the different kinds of lies. His central thesis is that leaders lie more frequently to domestic audiences than to leaders of other states. That is because international lying can have negative effects, including "blowback" and "backfiring". Blowback occurs if telling international lies helps cause a culture of deceit at home. Backfiring occurs if telling a lie leads to a failed policy. He also emphasizes that there are two other kinds of deception besides lying: "concealment", a leader remaining silent about an important matter, and "spinning", a leader telling a story that emphasizes the positive and downplays or ignores the negative.<a href="#cite_note-Why_Leaders_Lie-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""The_Case_for_a_Ukrainian_Nuclear_Deterrent"">"The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: "The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent"">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and Ukraine">Nuclear weapons and Ukraine</a></div> After the end of the Soviet Union, the newly-independent Ukraine was left with a large arsenal of Soviet nuclear weapons. In his 1993 article, "The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent", Mearsheimer argued that Ukraine should not give up its nuclear weapons, because he believed that Ukraine without a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_deterrent" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear deterrent">nuclear deterrent</a> would be subjected to Russian aggression.<a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Deterrent-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-case_for_a-Ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> He believed that the United States should change its policy and enable Ukraine to become an independent <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons" title="List of states with nuclear weapons">nuclear power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Deterrent-66">[66]</a> Mearsheimer wrote that "Russia has dominated an unwilling and angry Ukraine for more than two centuries, and has attempted to crush Ukraine's sense of self-identity".<a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Deterrent-66">[66]</a> He said that a Russian war against Ukraine "would dwarf the death and suffering <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">in the Balkans</a>" and might lead Russia to "reconquer other parts of the former Soviet Union".<a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Deterrent-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Why_the_Ukraine_Crisis_is_the_West's_Fault"">"Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: "Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_enlargement_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NATO_enlargement_2017.png/220px-NATO_enlargement_2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NATO_enlargement_2017.png/330px-NATO_enlargement_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NATO_enlargement_2017.png/440px-NATO_enlargement_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="979" /></a><figcaption>Mearsheimer blamed NATO's eastern enlargement for provoking the Russo-Ukrainian War</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> started in 2014. Amid the Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>, Russia <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupied</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed</a> Crimea from Ukraine, and supported <a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Ukraine" title="Russian separatist forces in Ukraine">pro-Russian separatists</a> who launched a <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">war in eastern Ukraine</a>. In his August 2014 article, "Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault", Mearsheimer said the United States and its European allies were mainly to blame for the conflict:<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <blockquote>"The taproot of the trouble is <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">NATO enlargement</a>, the central element of a larger strategy to move Ukraine out of Russia's orbit and integrate it into the West. ... the <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">EU's expansion</a> eastward and the West's backing of the pro-democracy movement in Ukraine ... were critical elements, too. Since the mid-1990s, Russian leaders have adamantly opposed NATO enlargement, and in recent years, they have made it clear that they would not stand by while their strategically important neighbor turned into a Western bastion. For Putin, the illegal <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity#Removal_of_Yanukovych" title="Revolution of Dignity">overthrow</a> of Ukraine's democratically elected and pro-Russian president (<a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>)—which he rightly labeled a "coup"—was the final straw. He responded by taking Crimea, a peninsula he feared would host a NATO naval base, and working to destabilize Ukraine until it abandoned its efforts to join the West. Putin's pushback should have come as no surprise."</blockquote> Mearsheimer called Putin "a first-class strategist who should be feared and respected" on foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> He argued that Putin is driven by "legitimate security concerns" and does not want to occupy Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> Mearsheimer argued that Russia's annexation of Crimea was driven by fears of losing its <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="Sevastopol Naval Base">Sevastopol Naval Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> He highlighted <a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition_to_Ukrainian_NATO_membership" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition to Ukrainian NATO membership">Russian opposition to Ukrainian NATO membership</a> over the years, and the Western analysts who warned against it.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> He argued that the United States would react the same way to a rival military alliance on its border: "Imagine the American outrage if China built an impressive military alliance and tried to include Canada and Mexico".<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> Mearsheimer says Russia's concerns about Ukraine eventually joining NATO are similar to US concerns about Soviet nuclear weapons being deployed in Cuba during the 1962 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>: "Did Cuba have the right to form a military alliance with the Soviet Union during the Cold War? The United States certainly did not think so, and the Russians think the same way about Ukraine joining the West".<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> Mearsheimer wrote that the US and its allies have pushed for the eastward enlargement of NATO and the EU despite Russian opposition, pointing to the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a> and the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a> initiative.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> He concluded that they "should abandon their plan to westernize Ukraine and instead aim to make it a neutral <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer state</a> between NATO and Russia".<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> Regarding "the claim that Ukraine has the <a href="/wiki/Charter_for_European_Security" title="Charter for European Security">right to determine</a> whom it wants to ally with", Mearsheimer says "This is a dangerous way for Ukraine to think about its foreign policy choices. The sad truth is that <a href="/wiki/Might_makes_right" title="Might makes right">might often makes right</a> when great-power politics are at play".<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_McFaul" title="Michael McFaul">Michael McFaul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sestanovich" title="Stephen Sestanovich">Stephen Sestanovich</a> published their response to Mearsheimer in the November/December 2014 issue of Foreign Affairs.<a href="#cite_note-McFaul-Sestanovich-71">[71]</a> They argued that Russian foreign policy was not a reaction to the US, but was driven by internal Russian politics.<a href="#cite_note-McFaul-Sestanovich-71">[71]</a> They rejected his description of the Ukrainian revolution as a "coup", countering that "after police killed scores of demonstrators in downtown Kiev, the whole country turned against him [Yanukovych], effectively ending his political career. Parliament <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych#Removal_from_presidency" title="Viktor Yanukovych">removed him by a unanimous vote</a>".<a href="#cite_note-McFaul-Sestanovich-71">[71]</a> In the book, War in Ukraine: Conflict, Strategy, and the Return of a Fractured World, McFaul and Robert Person criticize Mearsheimer's arguments. They write that if Putin believed NATO was a military threat, he would not have deepened <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">co-operation</a> in the early 2000s and again in 2010, when NATO enlargement was ongoing. They point to Putin's statements in the early 2000s, when he said Ukraine in NATO would not concern Russia. They also wrote that Ukraine's parliament only revoked its <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutral status</a> in late 2014, "after Russia had invaded Crimea and the Donbas". In their view, Putin's actions are more driven by <a href="/wiki/Russian_neo-imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian neo-imperialism">Russian neo-imperialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Political scientist Filip Kostelka said Mearsheimer "ignores the fact that Ukrainians – like other Eastern Europeans – have been actively seeking NATO membership to protect themselves from the Russian threat. They did not need to be pushed".<a href="#cite_note-Kostelka-73">[73]</a> National security expert Joe Cirincione also said that Mearsheimer ignored this, writing "America did not pull them into an anti-Russian pact".<a href="#cite_note-Cirincione-74">[74]</a> Following calls to provide weapons to Ukraine to deter Putin,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Mearsheimer spoke against the idea. In a February 2015 opinion piece in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, he said that Ukraine's strategic importance to Russia is so great that Russia will continue the conflict at any cost, up to and including the use of nuclear weapons.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Russian invasion of Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_27-03-2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_27-03-2022.svg/220px-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_27-03-2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_27-03-2022.svg/330px-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_27-03-2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_27-03-2022.svg/440px-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_27-03-2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2199" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Russian invasion at its height in March 2022</figcaption></figure> When <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Rusia invaded Ukraine in February 2022</a>, Mearsheimer re-affirmed his belief that the West were largely to blame. In March 2022, he was interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Chotiner" title="Isaac Chotiner">Isaac Chotiner</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. Mearsheimer again blamed the invasion on "NATO expansion, EU expansion", and attempts to "turn Ukraine into a pro-American liberal democracy", arguing that "from a Russian perspective, this is an existential threat". He said Putin was not interested in conquering Ukraine and that Ukraine should "break off its close relations with the West ... and try to accommodate the Russians."<a href="#cite_note-Isaac-77">[77]</a> Soon after the invasion began, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs">Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> endorsed Mearsheimer's view on why they invaded. Historian <a href="/wiki/Anne_Applebaum" title="Anne Applebaum">Anne Applebaum</a> criticized Mearsheimer, saying "now wondering if the Russians didn't actually get their narrative from Mearsheimer et al. Moscow needed to say West was responsible for Russian invasions (Chechnya, Georgia, Syria, Ukraine), and not their own greed and <a href="/wiki/Russian_neo-imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian neo-imperialism">imperialism</a>. American academics provided the narrative." <a href="/wiki/Adam_Tooze" title="Adam Tooze">Adam Tooze</a> wrote that Applebaum offered no evidence for her allegation.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In June 2022, Mearsheimer delivered a speech on "The Causes and Consequences of the Ukraine War". He said there is no evidence that Putin wants to conquer Ukraine, and no evidence that Russia wants to install a puppet government. Mearsheimer argued that if Putin did want to conquer Ukraine, he would have used a larger army. Mearsheimer believes Putin has been telling the truth about his motives, saying Putin "does not have a history of lying to other leaders" or to foreign audiences.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Joe Cirincione called Mearsheimer "dangerously wrong". He wrote that Putin recently likened himself to Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>, who, Putin said, had justly returned land to Russia; and that Russia's foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> said that Russia's goal was to "free Ukraine’s people from the 'unacceptable regime' in Kyiv".<a href="#cite_note-Cirincione-74">[74]</a> For Cirincione, the "greatest flaw" in Mearsheimer's argument is that "he must minimize <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian atrocities</a>" and "excuse Russian behavior as an understandable reaction to the threats it perceives" in order to make his case.<a href="#cite_note-Cirincione-74">[74]</a> Political scientist Filip Kostelka said "By publicly defending his scientifically unsound thesis, Mearsheimer legitimizes Russia's propaganda and violates the fundamental values of social responsibility that all academics should respect".<a href="#cite_note-Kostelka-73">[73]</a> He wrote that Mearsheimer <a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking">cherry-picked</a> official statements by Russia's leadership and takes them at face value.<a href="#cite_note-Kostelka-73">[73]</a> Kostelka accused Mearsheimer of <a href="/wiki/Double_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Double standards">double standards</a>, saying he does not give the same importance to "Russia’s imperial ambitions" or denial of Ukraine's right to exist.<a href="#cite_note-Kostelka-73">[73]</a> Kostelka also said that Mearsheimer "remained oblivious to Russia’s numerous lies on public record, including Putin's original denial of any involvement in Crimea in 2014, which was followed by open boasting about the annexation a few months later".<a href="#cite_note-Kostelka-73">[73]</a> He wrote that Russia only failed to take over the country because of a "disastrous miscalculation by the Kremlin".<a href="#cite_note-Kostelka-73">[73]</a> Mearsheimer was interviewed by Chotiner again in November 2022, after Russia <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">annexed four provinces of Ukraine</a>. He said that Putin only wanted to control those four provinces and "to make sure that the Ukrainian rump state that is left is neutral and is not associated with NATO in any formal or informal way". In his view, Russia's attack on Kyiv was meant to force the Ukrainian government to give up its plans of joining NATO. Mearsheimer was challenged by Chotiner, who said his arguments were contradicted by Putin's statements and actions. Mearsheimer replied that there was currently no evidence that Putin had any imperial ambitions but that there was "a huge amount of evidence that it was NATO expansion and the more general policy of making Ukraine a western bulwark on Russia’s border that motivated [Putin] to attack on February 24th".<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Mearsheimer doubts that a "meaningful" <a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">peace agreement</a> could be reached because of "maximalist objectives". He believes that the best outcome would be a volatile <a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">frozen conflict</a>, while the worst outcome would be nuclear war, which he considered unlikely.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> According to Michael Lawriwsky, former chair of the Ukrainian Studies Foundation at <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> and former editor for the Australian Ukrainian Review, Mearsheimer accepts "Putin’s rhetoric, which downplays the complexities of Ukraine’s stance on NATO" and "align[s] closely with Putin’s misleading narrative that portrays NATO expansion as a direct threat to Russia".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_international_order">Liberal international order</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Liberal international order">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Delusion" title="The Great Delusion">The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities</a> (Yale University Press, 2018) Mearsheimer presents a critique of the geopolitical strategy he refers to as "liberal hegemony". His definition of liberal hegemony includes a three-part designation of it as an extension of <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s original initiatives to make the world safe by turning its governments into democracies, turning geopolitical economic initiatives towards open markets compatible with democratic governments, and opening up and promoting other democratically liberal international social and culture societies on a global scale of inclusion. Mearsheimer stated in an interview broadcast on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> that liberal hegemony represents a "great delusion" and that much more weight should be associated with <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> as a policy of enduring geopolitical value than the delusions he associated with liberal hegemony.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In a related 2019 article, Mearsheimer argued that the US-led <a href="/wiki/Liberal_international_order" title="Liberal international order">liberal international order</a> had been destined to collapse from its inception. Contrary to scholars such as <a href="/wiki/John_Ikenberry" title="John Ikenberry">John Ikenberry</a>, who trace the origins of the liberal international order to the early Cold War, he asserted that the Cold War liberal order had in fact been a "bounded order", designed to help the US and its allies compete more effectively against the Communist bloc. Although the US-led order became truly international after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the policies that undergird the order tended to precipitate its demise to the point that "[e]ven if Western policymakers had been wiser stewards of that order, they could not have extended its longevity in any meaningful way".<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2020-84">[84]</a>: 30  In particular, US-led efforts to expand the order's membership by spreading democracy were bound to backfire by provoking nationalist resistance, embroiling the US in disastrous military adventures, and stoking hostility among rival powers such as Russia and China. Liberal internationalist policies also tended to collide with nationalism and economic concerns within the liberal countries themselves, as illustrated by key events such as <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> and the election of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> to the US presidency. Finally, the drive to integrate rising powers such as China into the liberal international order effectively "helped China become a great power, thus undercutting unipolarity, which is essential for maintaining a liberal world order".<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2020-84">[84]</a>: 42  Mearsheimer concluded by predicting that the liberal international order would be replaced by three distinct "realist orders" in the near term: "a thin international order", primarily concerned with arms control and managing the global economy, and two bounded orders, led respectively by China and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2020-84">[84]</a>: 44  His claims about the liberal international order have sparked a lively debate and prompted responses from scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jervis" title="Robert Jervis">Robert Jervis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Layne" title="Christopher Layne">Christopher Layne</a>, Jennifer Pitts, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Snyder_(political_scientist)" title="Jack Snyder (political scientist)">Jack Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Wohlforth" title="William Wohlforth">William C. Wohlforth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-86">[86]</a> and C. William Walldorf.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In a critique of The Great Delusion, Wohlforth writes that the book fails to make good on its core claim: "First, you cannot establish a causal connection between liberalism and imprudent foreign policy by looking at only liberalism and imprudent foreign policy. Because Mearsheimer subjects no other ideology to the same scrutiny to which he subjects liberalism, there is no way to know whether liberalism stands out this regard.... Second, you cannot establish that a permissive systemic environment is a necessary condition by looking only at cases that occur in a permissive strategic environment." Wohlforth also argues that The Great Delusion is inconsistent with Mearsheimer's Tragedy of Great Power Politics: "Given that other great powers were destined to come back, and the theory's stipulation that their preferences (i.e., revisionism) are independent of anything the U.S. does (because nothing the U.S. does can reduce their uncertainty about U.S. intentions, and vice-versa), why would a unipolar U.S. not seek to expand and lock in gains when it had the opportunity to do so?"<a href="#cite_note-:2-86">[86]</a> Mearsheimer makes important reference to <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Lampert" title="Laurence Lampert">Laurence Lampert</a>'s nihilistic Strauss interpretation in his book The Great Delusion.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hypothesis_testing_in_international_relations">Hypothesis testing in international relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Hypothesis testing in international relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Page_numbers_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Text_document_with_page_number_icon.svg/40px-Text_document_with_page_number_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Text_document_with_page_number_icon.svg/60px-Text_document_with_page_number_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Text_document_with_page_number_icon.svg/80px-Text_document_with_page_number_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section cites its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">sources</a> but does not provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITEHOW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITEHOW">page references</a>. You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations. (May 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In 2013, Mearsheimer and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Walt" title="Stephen Walt">Stephen Walt</a> published "Leaving theory behind: Why simplistic hypothesis testing is bad for International Relations". They observe that in recent years, scholars of international relations have devoted less effort to creating and refining theories or using them to guide empirical research. Instead is a focus on what they call a simplistic hypothesis testing, which emphasizes discovering well-verified empirical regularities. They state that to be a mistake because insufficient attention to theory leads to misspecified empirical models or misleading measures of key concepts. They also point out that because of the poor quality data in international relations, it is less likely that the efforts will produce cumulative knowledge. It will lead to only a short-term gain and will make scholarship less useful to concerned citizens and policymakers.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_&_Walt_2013-89">[89]</a> Theories give a scholar an overarching framework of the myriad realms of activity. Theories are like maps and aim to simplify a complex reality, but unlike maps, theories provide a causal story by saying that one or more factors can explain a particular phenomenon. Theories attempt to simplify assumptions about the most relevant factors in the aim to explain how the world works. Some grand theories like realism or liberalism claim to explain broad patterns of state behavior, and middle-range theories focus on more narrowly defined phenomena like coercion, deterrence, and economic sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_&_Walt_2013-89">[89]</a> They list eight reasons why theories are important. The problems that arise from inadequate attention to theory is that it is impossible to construct good models or interpret statistical findings correctly. By privileging hypothesis testing, that is overlooked. It might make sense to pay more attention to hypothesis testing if it produced much useful knowledge about international relations, but Mearsheimer and Walt claim that this is not the case and that the simplistic hypothesis test is inherently flawed. Selection bias is also a problem that arise from inadequate attention to theory. To examine that more clearly, the authors point out James Fearson's critique of Paul Huth and Bruce Russett's analyses of extended deterrence. Mearsheimer and Walt also point out that contemporary international relations scholarship faces challenging measurement issues because of inadequate attention to theory and cause misleading measures. A few examples are given to support their claim, including Dan Reiter and Allan Stam's Democracies at War.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_&_Walt_2013-89">[89]</a> Mearsheimer and Walt state that it is a sophisticated study but contains questionable measures of key concepts and that the measures to test their idea do not capture the theories' core concepts. Poor data, the absence of explanation, and the lack of cumulation are other problems, arising from inadequate attention to theory and focusing too much on simplistic hypothesis testing.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_&_Walt_2013-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_politics">Personal politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Personal politics">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, Mearsheimer said that his preferred candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a> was <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> and that <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">economic inequality</a> was the greatest problem faced by the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:1-90">[90]</a> He has said that he has very liberal views on <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">gay rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">gay marriage</a>, and expressed support of <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glenn_Loury-91">[91]</a> In a 2004 speech, Mearsheimer praised the British historian <a href="/wiki/E._H._Carr" title="E. H. Carr">E. H. Carr</a> for his 1939 book <a href="/wiki/The_Twenty_Years%27_Crisis" title="The Twenty Years' Crisis">The Twenty Years' Crisis</a> and argued that Carr was correct when he argued that international relations were a struggle of all against all, with states always placing their own interests first.<a href="#cite_note-E.H._Carr_vs._Idealism:_The_Battle_Rages_On-92">[92]</a> Mearsheimer maintained that Carr's points were still as relevant for 2004 as for 1939 and went on to deplore what he claimed was the dominance of "<a href="/wiki/Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">idealist</a>" thinking about international relations in British academic life.<a href="#cite_note-E.H._Carr_vs._Idealism:_The_Battle_Rages_On-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noelle-Neumann_controversy">Noelle-Neumann controversy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Noelle-Neumann controversy">edit</a>]</div> In October 1991, Mearsheimer was drawn into a bitter controversy at the University of Chicago regarding <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Noelle-Neumann" title="Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann">Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann</a>, then a visiting professor from Germany. Noelle-Neumann was a prominent German pollster and a leading academic on public opinion research, who authored the highly regarded book, <a href="/wiki/Spiral_of_silence" title="Spiral of silence">The Spiral of Silence</a>. The debate centered on an article written for <a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a> magazine by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Bogart" title="Leo Bogart">Leo Bogart</a>, "The Pollster and the Nazis", which described Noelle-Neumann's past employment as a writer and editor for the Nazi newspaper <a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a> from 1940 to 1942.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Noelle-Neumann's response to the article was to claim that "texts written under a dictatorship more than 50 years ago cannot be read as they were in 1937, 1939 or 1941. Severed from the time and place where they were written, they are no longer real, for reality is in part based on time and place."<a href="#cite_note-Elisabeth_Noelle-Neumann_1991,_p._14-94">[94]</a> As chairman of Chicago's political science department at the time, Mearsheimer sat down with Noelle-Neumann to discuss the article and the allegations. After meeting with her for over three hours, Mearsheimer publicly declared, "I believe that Noelle-Neumann was an anti-Semite",<a href="#cite_note-Elisabeth_Noelle-Neumann_1991,_p._14-94">[94]</a> and he spearheaded a campaign to ask her for an apology.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> He joined other University of Chicago faculty in writing a joint piece for Commentary that reacted to Noelle-Neumann's reply to the accusation against her. They declared that "by providing rhetorical support for the exclusion of Jews, her words helped make the disreputable reputable, the indecent decent, the uncivilized civilized, and the unthinkable thinkable."<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Mearsheimer said, "Knowing what we know now about the Holocaust, there is no reason for her not to apologize. To ask somebody who played a contributing role in the greatest crime of the 20th century to say 'I'm sorry' is not unreasonable."<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Selected works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/John_Mearsheimer_bibliography" title="John Mearsheimer bibliography">John Mearsheimer bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conventionaldete0000mear">Conventional Deterrence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801415691" title="Special:BookSources/0801415691"><bdi>0801415691</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9394615">9394615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conventional+Deterrence&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9394615&rft.isbn=0801415691&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconventionaldete0000mear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uq1nV4XObpAC">Liddell Hart and the Weight of History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/080142089X" title="Special:BookSources/080142089X"><bdi>080142089X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17953067">17953067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liddell+Hart+and+the+Weight+of+History&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17953067&rft.isbn=080142089X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duq1nV4XObpAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a>. <a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton & Company">W.W. Norton & Company</a>. 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393020258" title="Special:BookSources/0393020258">0393020258</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46678382">46678382</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a>. 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0374177720" title="Special:BookSources/978-0374177720">978-0374177720</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/144227359">144227359</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Leaders_Lie" title="Why Leaders Lie">Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About Lying in International Politics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199758739" title="Special:BookSources/9780199758739">9780199758739</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/593639329">593639329</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Delusion" title="The Great Delusion">The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23419-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23419-0"><bdi>978-0-300-23419-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Delusion%3A+Liberal+Dreams+and+International+Realities&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-300-23419-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li>How States Think: The Rationality of Foreign Policy. Yale University Press. 2023. ISBN 978-0300269307.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Journal articles">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1979" class="citation journal cs1">"Precision-guided munitions and conventional deterrence". Survival. 21 (2): 68–76. 1979. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00396337908441802">10.1080/00396337908441802</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-6338">0039-6338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Survival&rft.atitle=Precision-guided+munitions+and+conventional+deterrence&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E68-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00396337908441802&rft.issn=0039-6338&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1982" class="citation journal cs1">"Maneuver, Mobile Defense, and the NATO Central Front". International Security. 6 (3): 104–122. 1982. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538609">10.2307/2538609</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538609">2538609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Maneuver%2C+Mobile+Defense%2C+and+the+NATO+Central+Front&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E104-%3C%2Fspan%3E122&rft.date=1982&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538609%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538609&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Why_the_Soviets_Can%27t_Win_Quickly_in_Central_Europe" title="Why the Soviets Can't Win Quickly in Central Europe">Why the Soviets Can't Win Quickly in Central Europe</a>". International Security. 7 (1): 3–39. 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538686">10.2307/2538686</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538686">2538686</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1984" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://direct.mit.edu/isec/article-pdf/9/3/19/690864/isec.9.3.19.pdf">"Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in Europe"</a> (PDF). International Security. 9 (3): 19–46. 1984. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538586">10.2307/2538586</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538586">2538586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Weapons+and+Deterrence+in+Europe&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538586&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538586%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirect.mit.edu%2Fisec%2Farticle-pdf%2F9%2F3%2F19%2F690864%2Fisec.9.3.19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1986" class="citation journal cs1">"A Strategic Misstep: The Maritime Strategy and Deterrence in Europe". International Security. 11 (2): 3–57. 1986. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538957">10.2307/2538957</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538957">2538957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=A+Strategic+Misstep%3A+The+Maritime+Strategy+and+Deterrence+in+Europe&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538957%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538957&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1988" class="citation journal cs1">"Numbers, Strategy, and the European Balance". International Security. 12 (4): 174–185. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539001">10.2307/2539001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539001">2539001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Numbers%2C+Strategy%2C+and+the+European+Balance&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E174-%3C%2Fspan%3E185&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539001%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539001&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1989" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (1989). "Assessing the Conventional Balance: The 3:1 Rule and Its Critics". 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International Security. 15 (1): 5–56. 1990. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538981">10.2307/2538981</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538981">2538981</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future%3A+Instability+in+Europe+after+the+Cold+War&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538981%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538981&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.metu.edu.tr%2Futuba%2FMearsheimer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerHoffmannKeohane1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J.; Hoffmann, Stanley; Keohane, Robert O. 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International Security. 15 (2): 191–199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538869">10.2307/2538869</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538869">2538869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future%2C+Part+II%3A+International+Relations+Theory+and+Post-Cold+War+Europe&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E199&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538869%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538869&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+Stanley&rft.au=Keohane%2C+Robert+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerRisse-KappenRussett1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J.; Risse-Kappen, Thomas; Russett, Bruce M. 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International Security. 19 (3): 5–49. 1994. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539078">10.2307/2539078</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539078">2539078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=The+False+Promise+of+International+Institutions&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539078%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539078&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mearsheimer.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F07%2FA0021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1995" class="citation journal cs1">"A Realist Reply". International Security. 20 (1): 82–93. 1995. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539218">10.2307/2539218</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539218">2539218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=A+Realist+Reply&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E82-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539218%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539218&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mearsheimer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/A0035.pdf">"E.H. Carr vs. Idealism: The Battle Rages On"</a> (PDF). International Relations. 19 (2): 139–152. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0047117805052810">10.1177/0047117805052810</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1741-2862">1741-2862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Relations&rft.atitle=E.H.+Carr+vs.+Idealism%3A+The+Battle+Rages+On&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.date=2005&rft.eissn=1741-2862&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0047117805052810&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mearsheimer.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F07%2FA0035.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir101.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Mearsheimer-Chinas-Unpeaceful-Rise.pdf">"China's Unpeaceful Rise"</a> (PDF). Current History. 105 (690): 160–162. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fcurh.2006.105.690.160">10.1525/curh.2006.105.690.160</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0011-3530">0011-3530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+History&rft.atitle=China%27s+Unpeaceful+Rise&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=690&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E160-%3C%2Fspan%3E162&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fcurh.2006.105.690.160&rft.issn=0011-3530&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir101.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F11%2FMearsheimer-Chinas-Unpeaceful-Rise.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerWalt" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J.; Walt, Stephen M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4969992/mod_resource/content/1/Israel%20Lobby%20-%20LRB%20-%20Mearsheimer%20Waltz.pdf">"The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy"</a> (PDF). London Review of Books. 28 (6) (1st ed.): 3–12. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0260-9592">0260-9592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Israel+Lobby+and+U.S.+Foreign+Policy&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.issn=0260-9592&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Walt%2C+Stephen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedisciplinas.usp.br%2Fpluginfile.php%2F4969992%2Fmod_resource%2Fcontent%2F1%2FIsrael%2520Lobby%2520-%2520LRB%2520-%2520Mearsheimer%2520Waltz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> Revised version published as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerWalt2006" class="citation journal cs1">"The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy". Middle East Policy. 13 (3) (2nd ed.): 29–87. 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International Relations. 23 (2): 241–256. 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European Political Science. 9 (3): 387–397. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Feps.2010.24">10.1057/eps.2010.24</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1682-0983">1682-0983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Why+is+Europe+Peaceful+Today&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E397&rft.date=2010&rft.eissn=1682-0983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Feps.2010.24&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mearsheimer.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F06%2FWhy-Is-Europe-Peaceful-Today.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/cjip/article-pdf/3/4/381/1205490/poq016.pdf">"Gathering Storm: China's Challenge to US Power in Asia"</a> (PDF). The Chinese Journal of International Politics. 3 (4): 381–396. December 8, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcjip%2Fpoq016">10.1093/cjip/poq016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chinese+Journal+of+International+Politics&rft.atitle=Gathering+Storm%3A+China%27s+Challenge+to+US+Power+in+Asia&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E381-%3C%2Fspan%3E396&rft.date=2010-12-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcjip%2Fpoq016&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fcjip%2Farticle-pdf%2F3%2F4%2F381%2F1205490%2Fpoq016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerWalt2013" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J.; Walt, Stephen M. (September 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mearsheimer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Leaving-Theory-Behind-Working-Paper.pdf">"Leaving theory behind: Why simplistic hypothesis testing is bad for International Relations"</a> (PDF). European Political Science. 19 (3): 427–457. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1354066113494320">10.1177/1354066113494320</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1682-0983">1682-0983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Leaving+theory+behind%3A+Why+simplistic+hypothesis+testing+is+bad+for+International+Relations&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E427-%3C%2Fspan%3E457&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft.eissn=1682-0983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1354066113494320&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Walt%2C+Stephen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mearsheimer.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F06%2FLeaving-Theory-Behind-Working-Paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2017" class="citation journal cs1">"The False Promise of International Institutions". International Organization. 19 (3): 5–49. 2017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539078">10.2307/2539078</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1531-5088">1531-5088</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539078">2539078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Organization&rft.atitle=The+False+Promise+of+International+Institutions&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1531-5088&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539078%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539078&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342">"Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order"</a>. International Security. 43 (4): 7–50. April 1, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fisec_a_00342">10.1162/isec_a_00342</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1531-4804">1531-4804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Bound+to+Fail%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Liberal+International+Order&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.eissn=1531-4804&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fisec_a_00342&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1162%2Fisec_a_00342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2022" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cirsd.org/files/000/000/009/75/401141581c665840ebdf7c1304da4a9486211f99.pdf">"The Causes and Consequences of the Ukraine War"</a> (PDF). Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development (21): 12–27. July 1, 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2406-0402">2406-0402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Horizons%3A+Journal+of+International+Relations+and+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=The+Causes+and+Consequences+of+the+Ukraine+War&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.issn=2406-0402&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cirsd.org%2Ffiles%2F000%2F000%2F009%2F75%2F401141581c665840ebdf7c1304da4a9486211f99.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">Power (international relations)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-case_for_a-Ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-case_for_a-Ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-case_for_a-Ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-case_for_a-Ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent_1-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1993" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John (Summer 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060527205728/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0020.pdf">"The case for a Ukrainian nuclear deterrent"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. 72 (3): 50–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20045622">10.2307/20045622</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045622">20045622</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0020.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 27, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+case+for+a+Ukrainian+nuclear+deterrent&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20045622&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20045622%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com.au-2"><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com.au_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1990" class="citation book cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (July 17, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cV-5AAAAIAAJ">Conventional Deterrence</a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801415692" title="Special:BookSources/9780801415692"><bdi>9780801415692</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220508084952/https://books.google.com/books?id=cV-5AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2014 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conventional+Deterrence&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1990-07-17&rft.isbn=9780801415692&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcV-5AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro2022" class="citation web cs1">Munro, André (December 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mearsheimer">"John J. Mearsheimer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>. 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Mearsheimer Is Right (About Some Things)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108180004/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/01/why-john-j-mearsheimer-is-right-about-some-things/308839/">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2024. <q>One of five children in a family of German and Irish ancestry</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Why+John+J.+Mearsheimer+Is+Right+%28About+Some+Things%29&rft.date=2012-01%2F2012-02&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2012%2F01%2Fwhy-john-j-mearsheimer-is-right-about-some-things%2F308839%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-globetrotter.berkeley-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people2/Mearsheimer/mearsheimer-con1.html">"Conversation with John Mearsheimer, p. 1 of 7"</a>. Globetrotter.berkeley.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104193727/http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people2/Mearsheimer/mearsheimer-con1.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conversation+with+John+Mearsheimer%2C+p.+1+of+7&rft.pub=Globetrotter.berkeley.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobetrotter.berkeley.edu%2Fpeople2%2FMearsheimer%2Fmearsheimer-con1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060527210222/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0039.pdf">"Conversations in International Relations: Interview with John J. Mearsheimer (Part I)"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Relations_(journal)" title="International Relations (journal)">International Relations</a>. 20: 105–123. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0047117806060939">10.1177/0047117806060939</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220788933">220788933</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0039.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 27, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Relations&rft.atitle=Conversations+in+International+Relations%3A+Interview+with+John+J.+Mearsheimer+%28Part+I%29&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E123&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0047117806060939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220788933%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0039.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060910032222/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0041.pdf">"Conversations in International Relations: Interview with John J. Mearsheimer (Part II)"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Relations_(journal)" title="International Relations (journal)">International Relations</a>. 20 (2): 231–243. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0047117806063851">10.1177/0047117806063851</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220824794">220824794</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0041.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 10, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Relations&rft.atitle=Conversations+in+International+Relations%3A+Interview+with+John+J.+Mearsheimer+%28Part+II%29&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E243&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0047117806063851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220824794%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0041.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217183537/http://political-science.uchicago.edu/people/faculty.shtml">"Faculty"</a>. Department of Political Science, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://political-science.uchicago.edu/people/faculty.shtml">the original</a> on February 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Political+Science%2C+University+of+Chicago&rft.atitle=Faculty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitical-science.uchicago.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-WorldAffairs-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WorldAffairs_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WorldAffairs_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WorldAffairs_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdministrator" class="citation web cs1">Administrator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927135641/http://www.worldaffairs.org/speakers/profile/john-mearsheimer.html">"John Mearsheimer"</a>. worldaffairs.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldaffairs.org/speakers/profile/john-mearsheimer.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldaffairs.org&rft.atitle=John+Mearsheimer&rft.au=Administrator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldaffairs.org%2Fspeakers%2Fprofile%2Fjohn-mearsheimer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politicalsciencenow.com/john-j-mearsheimer-receives-the-2020-james-madison-award/">"John J. Mearsheimer Receives the 2020 James Madison Award"</a>. politicalsciencenow.com. September 13, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214084444/https://politicalsciencenow.com/john-j-mearsheimer-receives-the-2020-james-madison-award/">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=politicalsciencenow.com&rft.atitle=John+J.+Mearsheimer+Receives+the+2020+James+Madison+Award&rft.date=2020-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalsciencenow.com%2Fjohn-j-mearsheimer-receives-the-2020-james-madison-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trip.wm.edu/data/our-surveys/faculty-survey">"2017 Faculty Survey | Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP)"</a>. trip.wm.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121120854/https://trip.wm.edu/data/our-surveys/faculty-survey">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trip.wm.edu&rft.atitle=2017+Faculty+Survey+%7C+Teaching%2C+Research%2C+and+International+Policy+%28TRIP%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrip.wm.edu%2Fdata%2Four-surveys%2Ffaculty-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Wang-12"><a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2024" class="citation book cs1">Wang, Frances Yaping (2024). The Art of State Persuasion: China's Strategic Use of Media in Interstate Disputes. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197757512" title="Special:BookSources/9780197757512"><bdi>9780197757512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+State+Persuasion%3A+China%27s+Strategic+Use+of+Media+in+Interstate+Disputes&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780197757512&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Frances+Yaping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1982" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (Summer 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060527205318/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0006.pdf">"Why the Soviets Can't Win Quickly in Central Europe"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a>. 7 (1): 3–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538686">10.2307/2538686</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538686">2538686</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154732192">154732192</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 27, 2006 – via mearsheimer.uchicago.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Why+the+Soviets+Can%27t+Win+Quickly+in+Central+Europe&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=1982&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154732192%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538686%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538686&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988">; early article version of Conventional Deterrence chapter, undated. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (Summer 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060527205600/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0017.pdf">"Back to the Future"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a>. 15 (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538981">10.2307/2538981</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538981">2538981</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153793930">153793930</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 27, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153793930%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538981%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538981&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (August 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060527205510/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0014.pdf">"Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic Monthly</a>. 266 (2): 35–50. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0014.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 27, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic+Monthly&rft.atitle=Why+We+Will+Soon+Miss+The+Cold+War&rft.volume=266&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=1990-08&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mearsheimer_2010-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2010_16-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2010" class="citation book cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uq1nV4XObpAC">Liddell Hart and the Weight of History</a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-7631-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-7631-0"><bdi>978-0-8014-7631-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liddell+Hart+and+the+Weight+of+History&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-7631-0&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duq1nV4XObpAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaveh1997" class="citation book cs1">Naveh, Shimon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b_PqdHNUg5kC">In Pursuit of Military Excellence: The Evolution of Operational Theory</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4277-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4277-2"><bdi>978-0-7146-4277-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326190036/https://books.google.com/books?id=b_PqdHNUg5kC">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved December 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Pursuit+of+Military+Excellence%3A+The+Evolution+of+Operational+Theory&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4277-2&rft.aulast=Naveh&rft.aufirst=Shimon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db_PqdHNUg5kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwain1991" class="citation journal cs1">Swain, Richard M. (1991). "Review of Liddell Hart and the Weight of History". Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies. 23 (4): 801–804. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4050797">10.2307/4050797</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-1390">0095-1390</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4050797">4050797</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Albion%3A+A+Quarterly+Journal+Concerned+with+British+Studies&rft.atitle=Review+of+Liddell+Hart+and+the+Weight+of+History&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E801-%3C%2Fspan%3E804&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0095-1390&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4050797%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4050797&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Back_to_the_Future-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Back_to_the_Future_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Back_to_the_Future_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnmearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0017.pdf">"Back to the Future"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a>. 15 (1): 5–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538981">10.2307/2538981</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538981">2538981</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153793930">153793930</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061111231321/http://johnmearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0017.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 11, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153793930%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538981%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538981&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohnmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atlantic_Monthly-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_Monthly_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_Monthly_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic_Monthly_20-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Mearsheimer, John (August 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/foreign/mearsh.htm">"Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a>. Vol. 90, no. 8. pp. 35–50. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228225741/http://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/foreign/mearsh.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic+Monthly&rft.atitle=Why+We+Will+Soon+Miss+the+Cold+War&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=1990-08&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpast%2Fpolitics%2Fforeign%2Fmearsh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnmearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0020.pdf">"Conversations in International Relations: Interview with John J. Mearsheimer (Part I)"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Relations_(journal)" title="International Relations (journal)">International Relations</a>. 20 (1): 105–123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0047117806060939">10.1177/0047117806060939</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220788933">220788933</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501181414/http://johnmearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0020.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Relations&rft.atitle=Conversations+in+International+Relations%3A+Interview+with+John+J.+Mearsheimer+%28Part+I%29&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E123&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0047117806060939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220788933%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohnmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988">; See page 116 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/24/opinion/india-needs-the-bomb.html">"India Needs The Bomb"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. March 24, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226205927/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/24/opinion/india-needs-the-bomb.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved February 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+Needs+The+Bomb&rft.date=2000-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F03%2F24%2Fopinion%2Findia-needs-the-bomb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nknews.org/2023/08/mearsheimer-north-korean-nukes-a-force-for-stability-on-korean-peninsula/">"Mearsheimer: North Korean nukes a 'force for stability' on Korean Peninsula"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NK_News" title="NK News">NK News</a>. August 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NK+News&rft.atitle=Mearsheimer%3A+North+Korean+nukes+a+%27force+for+stability%27+on+Korean+Peninsula&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nknews.org%2F2023%2F08%2Fmearsheimer-north-korean-nukes-a-force-for-stability-on-korean-peninsula%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1994" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (1994). "The False Promise of International Institutions". <a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a>. 19 (3): 5–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539078">10.2307/2539078</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539078">2539078</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153472054">153472054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=The+False+Promise+of+International+Institutions&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153472054%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539078%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539078&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeohaneMartin1995" class="citation journal cs1">Keohane, Robert O.; Martin, Lisa L. (1995). "The Promise of Institutionalist Theory". <a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a>. 20 (1): 39–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539214">10.2307/2539214</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539214">2539214</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29960902">29960902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=The+Promise+of+Institutionalist+Theory&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29960902%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539214%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539214&rft.aulast=Keohane&rft.aufirst=Robert+O.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Lisa+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1995" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (1995). "A Realist Reply". <a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a>. 20 (1): 85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539218">10.2307/2539218</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2889">0162-2889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539218">2539218</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154731141">154731141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=A+Realist+Reply&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=85&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0162-2889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154731141%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539218%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539218&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Mearsheimer, John, J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2001" class="citation book cs1">Mearsheimer, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tragedyofgreatpo00mear">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a>. New York: W. W. Norton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tragedyofgreatpo00mear/page/35">35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-02025-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-02025-8"><bdi>0-393-02025-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tragedy+of+Great+Power+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-393-02025-8&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftragedyofgreatpo00mear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:92222-29"><a href="#cite_ref-:92222_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurcsanyi2023" class="citation book cs1">Turcsanyi, Richard J. (2023). 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Contemporary China: a New Superpower?. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-03-239508-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-03-239508-1"><bdi>978-1-03-239508-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Relations+with+the+United+States&rft.btitle=Contemporary+China%3A+a+New+Superpower%3F&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-03-239508-1&rft.aulast=Turcsanyi&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mearsheimer-2001-tragedy-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mearsheimer-2001-tragedy_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mearsheimer-2001-tragedy_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerAlterman2001" class="citation book cs1">Mearsheimer, John J.; Alterman, Glenn (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samuelbhfauredotcom.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/s2-mearsheimer-2001.pdf">"Chapter One: Introduction"</a> (PDF). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393020250" title="Special:BookSources/9780393020250"><bdi>9780393020250</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131707/https://samuelbhfauredotcom.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/s2-mearsheimer-2001.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 17, 2018. 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(2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303115533/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0055.pdf">"Why is Europe Peaceful Today?"</a> (PDF). European Political Science. 9 (3): 387–397. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Feps.2010.24">10.1057/eps.2010.24</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:141256617">141256617</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0055.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Why+is+Europe+Peaceful+Today%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E397&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Feps.2010.24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A141256617%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmearsheimer.uchicago.edu%2Fpdfs%2FA0055.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1991" class="citation news cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (January 15, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060910030521/http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/P0001.pdf">"A war the U.S. can win – decisively"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. p. 13. 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Retrieved August 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+Full+Clip+%E2%80%93+Browse+%E2%80%93+Big+Ideas+%E2%80%93+ABC+TV&rft.pub=Abc.net.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Ftv%2Fbigideas%2Fbrowse%2Fvideo_popup.htm%3FvidURL%3D%2Ftv%2Fbigideas%2Fstories%2F2010%2F09%2F07%2F3001041-mediarss-full.xml%26vidTitle%3DJohn%2520Mearsheimer%3A%2520China%27s%2520Challenge%2520to%2520US%2520Power%26vidLength%3DFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mearsheimer_2003-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2003_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2003_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2003" class="citation book cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (January 17, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lDzCD_C_ipoC">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a> (Updated ed.). W. W. Norton & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07624-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07624-0"><bdi>978-0-393-07624-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220508084952/https://books.google.com/books?id=lDzCD_C_ipoC">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved December 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tragedy+of+Great+Power+Politics&rft.edition=Updated&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co&rft.date=2003-01-17&rft.isbn=978-0-393-07624-0&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlDzCD_C_ipoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerBrzezinski2009" class="citation web cs1">Mearsheimer, John J.; Brzezinski, Zbigniew (October 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/22/clash-of-the-titans/">"Clash of the Titans"</a>. Foreign Policy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220508084952/https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/22/clash-of-the-titans/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Clash+of+the+Titans&rft.date=2009-10-22&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Brzezinski%2C+Zbigniew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2009%2F10%2F22%2Fclash-of-the-titans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mearsheimer_2021-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2021_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_2021_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2021" class="citation news cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (November 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2021-10-19/inevitable-rivalry-cold-war">"The Inevitable Rivalry"</a>. Foreign Affairs. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120">0015-7120</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201030403/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2021-10-19/inevitable-rivalry-cold-war">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Inevitable+Rivalry&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fchina%2F2021-10-19%2Finevitable-rivalry-cold-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2015/03/mearsheimers-war-with-china/">"Mearsheimer's War With China"</a>. The diplomat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108105014/https://thediplomat.com/2015/03/mearsheimers-war-with-china/">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+diplomat&rft.atitle=Mearsheimer%27s+War+With+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2015%2F03%2Fmearsheimers-war-with-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cis.org.au/commentary/articles/vindicated-john-mearsheimer-saw-todays-bellicose-china-coming/">"Vindicated: John Mearsheimer saw today's bellicose China coming"</a>. The Centre for Independent Studies. May 29, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227051433/https://www.cis.org.au/commentary/articles/vindicated-john-mearsheimer-saw-todays-bellicose-china-coming/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Centre+for+Independent+Studies&rft.atitle=Vindicated%3A+John+Mearsheimer+saw+today%27s+bellicose+China+coming&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cis.org.au%2Fcommentary%2Farticles%2Fvindicated-john-mearsheimer-saw-todays-bellicose-china-coming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGita_Wirjawan2023" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gita_Wirjawan" title="Gita Wirjawan">Gita Wirjawan</a> (April 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl7goPRw_eE&t=4039s">John Mearsheimer: Is China the Real Winner of Ukraine War? | Endgame #136 (Luminaries)</a>. Retrieved November 27, 2024 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Mearsheimer%3A+Is+China+the+Real+Winner+of+Ukraine+War%3F+%7C+Endgame+%23136+%28Luminaries%29&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft.au=Gita+Wirjawan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYl7goPRw_eE%26t%3D4039s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYao_Bowen2024" class="citation web cs1">Yao Bowen (November 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/john-mearsheimer-in-china-offensive-realism-resonates-amid-intellectual-rivalry/">"CO24182 | John Mearsheimer in China: Offensive Realism Resonates Amid Intellectual Rivalry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/S._Rajaratnam_School_of_International_Studies" title="S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies">S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies</a>. <q>In October 2024, John Mearsheimer, one of America's most prominent international relations scholars, delivered lectures at China's top universities, including Tsinghua and Renmin, drawing large audiences and engaging in high-profile debates.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S.+Rajaratnam+School+of+International+Studies&rft.atitle=CO24182+%7C+John+Mearsheimer+in+China%3A+Offensive+Realism+Resonates+Amid+Intellectual+Rivalry&rft.date=2024-11-26&rft.au=Yao+Bowen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsis.edu.sg%2Frsis-publication%2Frsis%2Fjohn-mearsheimer-in-china-offensive-realism-resonates-amid-intellectual-rivalry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2023" class="citation web cs1">Jacobson, Gavin (September 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/ideas/2023/09/tragedy-john-mearsheimer">"The tragedy of John Mearsheimer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/2pTlV">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2024. <q>Mearsheimer's stardom also extends to China. "When I go to Beijing, I feel more at home intellectually, and in terms of thinking about foreign policy, than I am in Washington. The Chinese are realists to the core."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+tragedy+of+John+Mearsheimer&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fideas%2F2023%2F09%2Ftragedy-john-mearsheimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Why_Leaders_Lie-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Why_Leaders_Lie_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Why_Leaders_Lie_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Why_Leaders_Lie_63-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2013" class="citation book cs1">Mearsheimer, John (2013). Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About Lying in International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19997545-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19997545-7"><bdi>978-0-19997545-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Leaders+Lie%3A+The+Truth+About+Lying+in+International+Politics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19997545-7&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Barker, Alexander (October 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105230509/http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/international-deceit/">"International Deceit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxonian_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxonian Review">Oxonian Review</a>. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxonian+Review&rft.atitle=International+Deceit&rft.date=2011-10-17&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxonianreview.org%2Fwp%2Finternational-deceit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mearsheimer_Youtube-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Mearsheimer_Youtube_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPe5f5dcrGE">"Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About Lying in International Politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414152920/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPe5f5dcrGE">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Why+Leaders+Lie%3A+The+Truth+About+Lying+in+International+Politics&rft.date=2012-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVPe5f5dcrGE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nuclear_Deterrent-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nuclear_Deterrent_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuclear_Deterrent_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuclear_Deterrent_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuclear_Deterrent_66-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer1993" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John (June 1, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/1993-06-01/case-ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent">"The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. 72 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Case+for+a+Ukrainian+Nuclear+Deterrent&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fukraine%2F1993-06-01%2Fcase-ukrainian-nuclear-deterrent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/should-ukraine-have-gotten-rid-its-nukes/">"Should Ukraine Have Gotten Rid of Its Cold War Nukes?"</a>. Global Security Newswire. March 3, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807111821/https://www.nti.org/gsn/article/should-ukraine-have-gotten-rid-its-nukes/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Security+Newswire&rft.atitle=Should+Ukraine+Have+Gotten+Rid+of+Its+Cold+War+Nukes%3F&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fgsn%2Farticle%2Fshould-ukraine-have-gotten-rid-its-nukes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2022" class="citation news cs1">Matthews, Dylan (February 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/2/16/22935927/russia-ukraine-great-power-conflict">"What we don't know about war and peace"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226133755/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/2/16/22935927/russia-ukraine-great-power-conflict">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=What+we+don%27t+know+about+war+and+peace&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Ffuture-perfect%2F2022%2F2%2F16%2F22935927%2Frussia-ukraine-great-power-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine_Crisis-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_Crisis_69-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (September–October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mearsheimer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Why-the-Ukraine-Crisis-Is.pdf">"Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West's Fault: The Liberal Delusions That Provoked Putin"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. 93 (5): 77–89. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24483306">24483306</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226172045/https://www.mearsheimer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Why-the-Ukraine-Crisis-Is.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Why+the+Ukraine+Crisis+Is+the+West%27s+Fault%3A+The+Liberal+Delusions+That+Provoked+Putin&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.date=2014-09%2F2014-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24483306%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mearsheimer.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F06%2FWhy-the-Ukraine-Crisis-Is.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mearsheimer, John J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24483306">"Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West's Fault: The Liberal Delusions That Provoked Putin"</a>. Foreign Affairs. 93 (5): 77–89. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120">0015-7120</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24483306">24483306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Why+the+Ukraine+Crisis+Is+the+West%27s+Fault%3A+The+Liberal+Delusions+That+Provoked+Putin&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24483306%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24483306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McFaul-Sestanovich-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McFaul-Sestanovich_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFaul-Sestanovich_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFaul-Sestanovich_71-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFaulSestanovichMearsheimer2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_McFaul" title="Michael McFaul">McFaul, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sestanovich" title="Stephen Sestanovich">Sestanovich, Stephen</a>; Mearsheimer, John J. (November–December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/eastern-europe-caucasus/2014-10-17/faulty-powers">"Faulty Powers: Who Started the Ukraine Crisis?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. 93 (6). Council on Foreign Relations (published October 17, 2014): 167–178. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120">0015-7120</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24483933">24483933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Faulty+Powers%3A+Who+Started+the+Ukraine+Crisis%3F&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E167-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.date=2014-11%2F2014-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24483933%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.aulast=McFaul&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Sestanovich%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Mearsheimer%2C+John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Feastern-europe-caucasus%2F2014-10-17%2Ffaulty-powers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrands2024" class="citation book cs1">Brands, Hal (April 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0n72EAAAQBAJ&dq=Why+would+Putin+want+to+join+an+alliance+allegedly+threatening+Russia&pg=PA48">War in Ukraine: Conflict, Strategy, and the Return of a Fractured World</a>. JHU Press. pp. 48–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-4985-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-4985-2"><bdi>978-1-4214-4985-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+Ukraine%3A+Conflict%2C+Strategy%2C+and+the+Return+of+a+Fractured+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-4985-2&rft.aulast=Brands&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0n72EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DWhy%2Bwould%2BPutin%2Bwant%2Bto%2Bjoin%2Ban%2Balliance%2Ballegedly%2Bthreatening%2BRussia%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostelka-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kostelka_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostelka_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostelka_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostelka_73-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostelka_73-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostelka_73-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostelka2022" class="citation web cs1">Kostelka, Filip (July 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euideas.eui.eu/2022/07/11/john-mearsheimers-lecture-on-ukraine-why-he-is-wrong-and-what-are-the-consequences/">"John Mearsheimer's lecture on Ukraine: Why he is wrong and what are the consequences"</a>. EUIdeas. <a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUIdeas&rft.atitle=John+Mearsheimer%E2%80%99s+lecture+on+Ukraine%3A+Why+he+is+wrong+and+what+are+the+consequences&rft.date=2022-07-11&rft.aulast=Kostelka&rft.aufirst=Filip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuideas.eui.eu%2F2022%2F07%2F11%2Fjohn-mearsheimers-lecture-on-ukraine-why-he-is-wrong-and-what-are-the-consequences%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cirincione-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cirincione_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cirincione_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cirincione_74-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCirincione2022" class="citation web cs1">Cirincione, Joe (July 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/whats-missing-mearsheimers-analysis-ukraine-war">"What's Missing from Mearsheimer's Analysis of the Ukraine War"</a>. Russia Matters. <a href="/wiki/Belfer_Center_for_Science_and_International_Affairs" title="Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs">Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russia+Matters&rft.atitle=What%E2%80%99s+Missing+from+Mearsheimer%E2%80%99s+Analysis+of+the+Ukraine+War&rft.date=2022-07-29&rft.aulast=Cirincione&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.russiamatters.org%2Fanalysis%2Fwhats-missing-mearsheimers-analysis-ukraine-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaalderMichele_FlournoyJohn_HerbstJan_Lodal2015" class="citation book cs1">Daalder, Ivo; Michele Flournoy; John Herbst; Jan Lodal; Steven Pifer; James Stavridis (February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/UkraineReport_February2015_FINAL.pdf">Preserving Ukraine's Independence, Resisting Russian Aggression: What the United States and NATO Must Do</a> (PDF). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61977-471-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61977-471-1"><bdi>978-1-61977-471-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/919252973">919252973</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161205220234/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/UkraineReport_February2015_FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preserving+Ukraine%27s+Independence%2C+Resisting+Russian+Aggression%3A+What+the+United+States+and+NATO+Must+Do&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Atlantic+Council&rft.date=2015-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F919252973&rft.isbn=978-1-61977-471-1&rft.aulast=Daalder&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft.au=Michele+Flournoy&rft.au=John+Herbst&rft.au=Jan+Lodal&rft.au=Steven+Pifer&rft.au=James+Stavridis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2FUkraineReport_February2015_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimer2015" class="citation web cs1">Mearsheimer, John (February 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/09/opinion/dont-arm-ukraine.html">"Don't Arm Ukraine"</a>. Opinion. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150209192006/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/09/opinion/dont-arm-ukraine.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2022. <q>... if the goal of arming Ukraine is to drive up the costs of Russian interference and eventually put Moscow in an acute situation, it cannot be ruled out. If Western pressure succeeded and Mr. Putin felt desperate, he would have a powerful incentive to try to rescue the situation by rattling the nuclear saber.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Arm+Ukraine&rft.date=2015-02-08&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F09%2Fopinion%2Fdont-arm-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isaac-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Isaac_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChotiner2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Chotiner, Isaac (March 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/why-john-mearsheimer-blames-the-us-for-the-crisis-in-ukraine">"Why John Mearsheimer Blames the U.S. for the Crisis in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220507043518/https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/why-john-mearsheimer-blames-the-us-for-the-crisis-in-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Why+John+Mearsheimer+Blames+the+U.S.+for+the+Crisis+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Chotiner&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fq-and-a%2Fwhy-john-mearsheimer-blames-the-us-for-the-crisis-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTooze2022" class="citation news cs1">Tooze, A. 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Retrieved July 2, 2023. <q>The best possible outcome is a frozen conflict that could easily turn back into a hot war. 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William (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/great-delusion-liberal-dreams-and-international-realities-by-john-j-mearsheimer-new-haven-yale-university-press-2018-328p-3000-cloth/6FD4E7A143B7AE5086042C03F83F49C4">"The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities. By John J. Mearsheimer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018"</a>. 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Retrieved February 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Accused+Professor+Was+Not+a+Nazi&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1991-12-14&rft.aulast=Noelle-Neumann&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F12%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fl-accused-professor-was-not-a-nazi-257591.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Peter Wyden, "The Hitler Virus: The Insidious Legacy of Adolf Hitler," Arcade Publishing. 1998. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_M._Walt1992" class="citation magazine cs1">Stephen M. Walt; et al. (January 4, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-noelle-neumann-case/">"The Noelle-Neumann Case"</a>. Our Readers. <a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809103449/http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-noelle-neumann-case/">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commentary&rft.atitle=The+Noelle-Neumann+Case&rft.date=1992-01-04&rft.au=Stephen+M.+Walt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commentarymagazine.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-noelle-neumann-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/28/us/professor-is-criticized-for-anti-semitic-past.html">"Professor Is Criticized for Anti-Semitic Past"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. November 28, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313071151/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/28/us/professor-is-criticized-for-anti-semitic-past.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Professor+Is+Criticized+for+Anti-Semitic+Past&rft.date=1991-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F28%2Fus%2Fprofessor-is-criticized-for-anti-semitic-past.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomanovich_Setov2011" class="citation journal cs1">Romanovich Setov, Nikita (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/teoriya-nastupatelnogo-realizma-dzh-miersheymera">"Теория "Наступательного реализма" Дж. Миэршеймера"</a> [The Theory of "Offensive Realism" of John Mearsheimer]. ПОЛИТЭКС: Политическая экспертиза. 7 (1): 54–61. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2618-9577">2618-9577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9A%D0%A1%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%22%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%22+%D0%94%D0%B6.+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2011&rft.eissn=2618-9577&rft.aulast=Romanovich+Setov&rft.aufirst=Nikita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fteoriya-nastupatelnogo-realizma-dzh-miersheymera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedroso_Mendes2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Pedroso Mendes, Flávio (July 18, 2013). Lakatos, o Realismo Ofensivo e o Programa de Pesquisa Científico do Realismo Estrutural (Thesis). São Paulo: Instituto de Relações Internacionais. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11606%2FT.101.2013.tde-17072013-152543">10.11606/T.101.2013.tde-17072013-152543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Lakatos%2C+o+Realismo+Ofensivo+e+o+Programa+de+Pesquisa+Cient%C3%ADfico+do+Realismo+Estrutural&rft.inst=Instituto+de+Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Internacionais&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11606%2FT.101.2013.tde-17072013-152543&rft.aulast=Pedroso+Mendes&rft.aufirst=Fl%C3%A1vio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeydarian_Pashakhanlou2016" class="citation book cs1">Heydarian Pashakhanlou, Arash (October 23, 2016). "Fear in the Works of Morgenthau, Waltz and Mearsheimer". Realism and Fear in International Relations: Morgenthau, Waltz and Mearsheimer Reconsidered. pp. 23–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-41012-8_2">10.1007/978-3-319-41012-8_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-41012-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-41012-8"><bdi>978-3-319-41012-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fear+in+the+Works+of+Morgenthau%2C+Waltz+and+Mearsheimer&rft.btitle=Realism+and+Fear+in+International+Relations%3A+Morgenthau%2C+Waltz+and+Mearsheimer+Reconsidered&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=2016-10-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-41012-8_2&rft.isbn=978-3-319-41012-8&rft.aulast=Heydarian+Pashakhanlou&rft.aufirst=Arash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeydarian_Pashakhanlou2016" class="citation book cs1">Heydarian Pashakhanlou, Arash (October 23, 2016). "Mearsheimer and Fear". Realism and Fear in International Relations: Morgenthau, Waltz and Mearsheimer Reconsidered. pp. 91–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-41012-8_5">10.1007/978-3-319-41012-8_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-41012-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-41012-8"><bdi>978-3-319-41012-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mearsheimer+and+Fear&rft.btitle=Realism+and+Fear+in+International+Relations%3A+Morgenthau%2C+Waltz+and+Mearsheimer+Reconsidered&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2016-10-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-41012-8_5&rft.isbn=978-3-319-41012-8&rft.aulast=Heydarian+Pashakhanlou&rft.aufirst=Arash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruberTeklesBornmann2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gruber, Anton; Tekles, Alexander; Bornmann, Lutz (May 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11192-023-04721-6">"John Mearsheimer's academic roots: a reference publication year spectroscopy of a political scientist's oeuvre"</a>. Military Review. 128 (1): 3867–3877. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11192-023-04721-6">10.1007/s11192-023-04721-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-4148">0026-4148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Review&rft.atitle=John+Mearsheimer%27s+academic+roots%3A+a+reference+publication+year+spectroscopy+of+a+political+scientist%27s+oeuvre&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3867-%3C%2Fspan%3E3877&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11192-023-04721-6&rft.issn=0026-4148&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.au=Tekles%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Bornmann%2C+Lutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs11192-023-04721-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Mearsheimer" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=John+Mearsheimer">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=John+Mearsheimer&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mearsheimer.com">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?92628">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3592808/">John Mearsheimer</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Mearsheimer" title="Template:John Mearsheimer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:John_Mearsheimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:John Mearsheimer (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Mearsheimer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Mearsheimer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Mearsheimer88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Mearsheimer</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Mearsheimer_bibliography" title="John Mearsheimer bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics" title="The Tragedy of Great Power Politics">The Tragedy of Great Power Politics</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Lobby_and_U.S._Foreign_Policy" title="The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy">The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Leaders_Lie" title="Why Leaders Lie">Why Leaders Lie</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Delusion" title="The Great Delusion">The Great Delusion</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Why_the_Soviets_Can%27t_Win_Quickly_in_Central_Europe" title="Why the Soviets Can't Win Quickly in Central Europe">Why the Soviets Can't Win Quickly in Central Europe</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concept</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_realism" title="Offensive realism">Offensive realism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_relations_theory443" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_relations_theory" title="Template:International relations theory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_relations_theory" title="Template talk:International relations theory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_relations_theory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International relations theory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_relations_theory443" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_relations_theory" title="International relations theory">International relations theory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(international_relations)" title="Constructivism (international relations)">Constructivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_constructivism" title="Feminist constructivism">Feminist constructivism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_(international_relations)" title="Liberalism (international relations)">Liberalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_peace_theory" title="Democratic peace theory">Democratic peace theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_peace" title="Capitalist peace">Capitalist peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican liberalism">Republican liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_institutionalism" title="Liberal institutionalism">Liberal institutionalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marxist_international_relations_theory" title="Marxist international relations theory">Marxism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dependency_theory" title="Dependency theory">Dependency theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_imperialism" title="Theories of imperialism">Theories of imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneven_and_combined_development" title="Uneven and combined development">Uneven and combined development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World-systems_theory" title="World-systems theory">World-systems theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realism_(international_relations)" title="Realism (international relations)">Realism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_realism_(international_relations)" title="Classical realism (international relations)">Classical realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_realism" title="Neoclassical realism">Neoclassical realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(international_relations)" title="Neorealism (international relations)">Neorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_realism" title="Offensive realism">Offensive realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_realism" title="Defensive realism">Defensive realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_peace_theory" title="Territorial peace theory">Territorial peace theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_peace_theory" title="Democratic peace theory">Democratic peace theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Gramscianism" title="Neo-Gramscianism">Neo-Gramscianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_security_studies" title="Critical security studies">Critical security studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_international_relations_theory" title="Critical international relations theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_school_of_international_relations_theory" title="English school of international relations theory">English School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">Intergovernmentalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_intergovernmentalism" title="Liberal intergovernmentalism">liberal intergovernmentalism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_political_economy" title="International political economy">International political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" title="Feminism in international relations">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_theory" title="Green theory">Green theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_School_(international_relations)" title="Copenhagen School (international relations)">Copenhagen School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(international_relations)" title="Functionalism (international relations)">Functionalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neofunctionalism" title="Neofunctionalism">neofunctionalism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernism (international relations)">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_international_relations" title="Postcolonial international relations">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunalism" title="Intercommunalism">Intercommunalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_school_of_international_relations" title="Chinese school of international relations">Chinese school of international relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postpositivism_(international_relations)" title="Postpositivism (international relations)">Postpositivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(international_relations)" title="Rationalism (international relations)">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflectivism" title="Reflectivism">Reflectivism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Great_Debates_(international_relations)" title="Great Debates (international relations)">Great Debates</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-paradigm_debate_in_international_relations_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-paradigm debate in international relations theory">Inter-paradigm debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_ethics" title="International ethics">International ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_sociology" title="Historical sociology">Historical sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime_theory" title="Regime theory">Regime theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_cartel_theory" title="State cartel theory">State cartel theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_N._Barnett" title="Michael N. Barnett">Michael Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedley_Bull" title="Hedley Bull">Hedley Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._H._Carr" title="E. H. Carr">E. H. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Deudney" title="Daniel Deudney">Daniel Deudney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Doyle" title="Michael W. Doyle">Michael W. Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Enloe" title="Cynthia Enloe">Cynthia Enloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fearon" title="James Fearon">James Fearon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Finnemore" title="Martha Finnemore">Martha Finnemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gilpin" title="Robert Gilpin">Robert Gilpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ikenberry" title="John Ikenberry">John Ikenberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jervis" title="Robert Jervis">Robert Jervis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Katzenstein" title="Peter J. Katzenstein">Peter J. Katzenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Keohane" title="Robert Keohane">Robert Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Krasner" title="Stephen D. Krasner">Stephen D. Krasner</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Mearsheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Morgenthau" title="Hans Morgenthau">Hans Morgenthau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nye" title="Joseph Nye">Joseph Nye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Sikkink" title="Kathryn Sikkink">Kathryn Sikkink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Strange" title="Susan Strange">Susan Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Ann_Tickner" title="J. Ann Tickner">J. Ann Tickner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Wallerstein" title="Immanuel Wallerstein">Immanuel Wallerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Walt" title="Stephen Walt">Stephen Walt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Waltz" title="Kenneth Waltz">Kenneth Waltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wendt" title="Alexander Wendt">Alexander Wendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Xuetong" title="Yan Xuetong">Yan Xuetong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Yaqing" title="Qin Yaqing">Qin Yaqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="International_relations" aria-expanded="false"></a> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:International_relations" title="Category:International relations">International relations</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110386929">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12431626">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1457104/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxhtKvtfMcwXgc8CwrTHC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131799533">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83046414">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12737237v">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12737237v">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01076088">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35974321">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20111129029&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1373580">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070861587">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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