Monitor your web page's total memory usage with measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() | Articles

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class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Home </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://web.dev/articles" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Articles" > Articles </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Monitor your web page's total memory usage with measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> Learn how to measure memory usage of your web page in production to detect regressions. <div class="wd-authors" translate="no"> <div class="wd-author"> <img class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon" alt="Brendan Kenny" src="https://web.dev/images/authors/bckenny.jpg" decoding="async" height="64" loading="lazy" width="64"> <div> Brendan Kenny <div class="wd-author__links"> <a href="https://twitter.com/brendankenny" aria-label="Brendan Kenny on X" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 300 271"> <title>X</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="m236 0h46l-101 115 118 156h-92.6l-72.5-94.8-83 94.8h-46l107-123-113-148h94.9l65.5 86.6zm-16.1 244h25.5l-165-218h-27.4z"></path> </svg></a> <a href="https://github.com/brendankenny" aria-label="Brendan Kenny on GitHub" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 32.6 31.8"> <title>GitHub</title> <path d="M16.3 0C7.3 0 0 7.3 0 16.3c0 7.2 4.7 13.3 11.1 15.5.8.1 1.1-.4 1.1-.8v-2.8c-4.5 1-5.5-2.2-5.5-2.2-.7-1.9-1.8-2.4-1.8-2.4-1.5-1 .1-1 .1-1 1.6.1 2.5 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.5 2.5 3.8 1.8 4.7 1.4.1-1.1.6-1.8 1-2.2-3.6-.4-7.4-1.8-7.4-8.1 0-1.8.6-3.2 1.7-4.4-.1-.3-.7-2 .2-4.2 0 0 1.4-.4 4.5 1.7 1.3-.4 2.7-.5 4.1-.5 1.4 0 2.8.2 4.1.5 3.1-2.1 4.5-1.7 4.5-1.7.9 2.2.3 3.9.2 4.3 1 1.1 1.7 2.6 1.7 4.4 0 6.3-3.8 7.6-7.4 8 .6.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 3V31c0 .4.3.9 1.1.8 6.5-2.2 11.1-8.3 11.1-15.5C32.6 7.3 25.3 0 16.3 0z" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" fill="currentColor" /> </svg></a> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/brendankenny.bsky.social" aria-label="Brendan Kenny on Bluesky" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 568 501"> <title>Bluesky</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M123.121 33.664C188.241 82.553 258.281 181.68 284 234.873c25.719-53.192 95.759-152.32 160.879-201.21C491.866-1.611 568-28.906 568 57.947c0 17.346-9.945 145.713-15.778 166.555-20.275 72.453-94.155 90.933-159.875 79.748C507.222 323.8 536.444 388.56 473.333 453.32c-119.86 122.992-172.272-30.859-185.702-70.281-2.462-7.227-3.614-10.608-3.631-7.733-.017-2.875-1.169.506-3.631 7.733-13.43 39.422-65.842 193.273-185.702 70.281-63.111-64.76-33.89-129.52 80.986-149.071-65.72 11.185-139.6-7.295-159.875-79.748C9.945 203.659 0 75.291 0 57.946 0-28.906 76.135-1.612 123.121 33.664Z"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wd-author"> <img class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon" alt="Ulan Degenbaev" src="https://web.dev/images/authors/ulan.jpg" decoding="async" height="64" loading="lazy" width="64"> <div> Ulan Degenbaev <div class="wd-author__links"> <a href="https://twitter.com/ulandev" aria-label="Ulan Degenbaev on X" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 300 271"> <title>X</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="m236 0h46l-101 115 118 156h-92.6l-72.5-94.8-83 94.8h-46l107-123-113-148h94.9l65.5 86.6zm-16.1 244h25.5l-165-218h-27.4z"></path> </svg></a> <a href="https://github.com/ulan" aria-label="Ulan Degenbaev on GitHub" rel="me"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 32.6 31.8"> <title>GitHub</title> <path d="M16.3 0C7.3 0 0 7.3 0 16.3c0 7.2 4.7 13.3 11.1 15.5.8.1 1.1-.4 1.1-.8v-2.8c-4.5 1-5.5-2.2-5.5-2.2-.7-1.9-1.8-2.4-1.8-2.4-1.5-1 .1-1 .1-1 1.6.1 2.5 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.5 2.5 3.8 1.8 4.7 1.4.1-1.1.6-1.8 1-2.2-3.6-.4-7.4-1.8-7.4-8.1 0-1.8.6-3.2 1.7-4.4-.1-.3-.7-2 .2-4.2 0 0 1.4-.4 4.5 1.7 1.3-.4 2.7-.5 4.1-.5 1.4 0 2.8.2 4.1.5 3.1-2.1 4.5-1.7 4.5-1.7.9 2.2.3 3.9.2 4.3 1 1.1 1.7 2.6 1.7 4.4 0 6.3-3.8 7.6-7.4 8 .6.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 3V31c0 .4.3.9 1.1.8 6.5-2.2 11.1-8.3 11.1-15.5C32.6 7.3 25.3 0 16.3 0z" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" fill="currentColor" /> </svg></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> Browsers manage the memory of web pages automatically. Whenever a web page creates an object, the browser allocates a chunk of memory "under the hood" to store the object. Since memory is a finite resource, the browser performs garbage collection to detect when an object is no longer needed and to free the underlying memory chunk. The detection is not perfect though, and it <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem">was proven</a> that perfect detection is an impossible task. Therefore browsers approximate the notion of "an object is needed" with the notion of "an object is reachable". If the web page cannot reach an object via its variables and the fields of other reachable objects, then the browser can safely reclaim the object. The difference between these two notions leads to memory leaks as illustrated by the following example. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">const object = {a: new Array(1000), b: new Array(2000)}; setInterval(() => console.log(object.a), 1000); </code></pre></devsite-code> Here the larger array <code translate="no" dir="ltr">b</code> is no longer needed, but the browser does not reclaim it because it is still reachable via <code translate="no" dir="ltr">object.b</code> in the callback. Thus the memory of the larger array is leaked. Memory leaks are <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/14uV5jrJ0aPs0Hd0Ehu3JPV8IBGc3U8gU6daLAqj6NrM/edit#slide=id.p">prevalent on the Web</a>. It is easy to introduce one by forgetting to unregister an event listener, by accidentally capturing objects from an iframe, by not closing a worker, by accumulating objects in arrays, and so on. If a web page has memory leaks, then its memory usage grows over time and the web page appears slow and bloated to the users. The first step in solving this problem is measuring it. The new <a href="https://github.com/WICG/performance-measure-memory"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory()</code> API</a> allows developers to measure memory usage of their web pages in production and thus detect memory leaks that slip through local testing. <h2 id="legacy-api" data-text="How is performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() different from the legacy performance.memory API?" tabindex="-1">How is <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory()</code> different from the legacy <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.memory</code> API?</h2> If you are familiar with the existing non-standard <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.memory</code> API, you might be wondering how the new API differs from it. The main difference is that the old API returns the size of the JavaScript heap whereas the new API estimates the memory used by the web page. This difference becomes important when Chrome shares the same heap with multiple web pages (or multiple instances of the same web page). In such cases, the result of the old API may be arbitrarily off. Since the old API is defined in implementation-specific terms such as "heap", standardizing it is hopeless. Another difference is that the new API performs memory measurement during garbage collection. This reduces the noise in the results, but it may take a while until the results are produced. Note that other browsers may decide to implement the new API without relying on garbage collection. <h2 id="use-cases" data-text="Suggested use cases" tabindex="-1">Suggested use cases</h2> Memory usage of a web page depends on the timing of events, user actions, and garbage collections. That is why the memory measurement API is intended for aggregating memory usage data from production. The results of individual calls are less useful. Example use cases: <ul> <li>Regression detection during rollout of a new version of the web page to catch new memory leaks.</li> <li>A/B testing a new feature to evaluate its memory impact and detect memory leaks.</li> <li>Correlating memory usage with session duration to verify presence or absence of memory leaks.</li> <li>Correlating memory usage with user metrics to understand the overall impact of memory usage.</li> </ul> <h2 id="compatibility" data-text="Browser compatibility" tabindex="-1">Browser compatibility</h2> <div class="wd-browser-compat" translate="no"> Browser Support <ul> <li data-support="yes"> <img alt="Chrome: 89." src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24' viewBox='-10 -10 276 276'%3E%3ClinearGradient id='a' x1='145' x2='34' y1='253' y2='61' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%231e8e3e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%2334a853'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='b' x1='111' 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The result of the API is highly implementation dependent because browsers have different ways of representing objects in memory and different ways of estimating memory usage. Browsers may exclude some memory regions from accounting if proper accounting is too expensive or infeasible. Thus, results cannot be compared across browsers. It is only meaningful to compare the results for the same browser. <h2 id="using_performancemeasureuseragentspecificmemory" data-text="Using performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory()" tabindex="-1">Using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory()</code></h2> <h3 id="feature_detection" data-text="Feature detection" tabindex="-1">Feature detection</h3> The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory</code> function will be unavailable or may fail with a <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/DOMException#securityerror">SecurityError</a> if the execution environment does not fulfil the security requirements for preventing cross-origin information leaks. It relies on <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope/crossOriginIsolated">cross-origin isolation</a>, which a web page can activate by setting <a href="/articles/coop-coep">COOP+COEP headers</a>. Support can be detected at runtime: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">if (!window.crossOriginIsolated) { console.log('performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() is only available in cross-origin-isolated pages'); } else if (!performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory) { console.log('performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() is not available in this browser'); } else { let result; try { result = await performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory(); } catch (error) { if (error instanceof DOMException && error.name === 'SecurityError') { console.log('The context is not secure.'); } else { throw error; } } console.log(result); } </code></pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="local_testing" data-text="Local testing" tabindex="-1">Local testing</h3> Chrome performs the memory measurement during garbage collection, which means that the API does not resolve the result promise immediately and instead waits for the next garbage collection. Calling the API forces a garbage collection after some timeout, which is currently set to 20 seconds, though may happen sooner. Starting Chrome with the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--enable-blink-features='ForceEagerMeasureMemory'</code> command-line flag reduces the timeout to zero and is useful for local debugging and testing. <h2 id="example" data-text="Example" tabindex="-1">Example</h2> The recommended usage of the API is to define a global memory monitor that samples memory usage of the whole web page and sends the results to a server for aggregation and analysis. The simplest way is to sample periodically, for example every <code translate="no" dir="ltr">M</code> minutes. However, that introduces bias to the data because memory peaks may occur between the samples. The following example shows how to do unbiased memory measurements using a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_point_process">Poisson process</a>, which guarantees that samples are equally likely to occur at any point in time (<a href="https://performance-measure-user-agent-specific-memory.glitch.me/">demo</a>, <a href="https://glitch.com/edit/#!/performance-measure-user-agent-specific-memory?path=public%2Fmeasure-memory.js">source</a>). First, define a function that schedules the next memory measurement using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">setTimeout()</code> with a randomized interval. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">function scheduleMeasurement() { // Check measurement API is available. if (!window.crossOriginIsolated) { console.log('performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() is only available in cross-origin-isolated pages'); console.log('See https://web.dev/coop-coep/ to learn more') return; } if (!performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory) { console.log('performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() is not available in this browser'); return; } const interval = measurementInterval(); console.log(`Running next memory measurement in ${Math.round(interval / 1000)} seconds`); setTimeout(performMeasurement, interval); } </code></pre></devsite-code> The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">measurementInterval()</code> function computes a random interval in milliseconds such that on average there is one measurement every five minutes. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_distribution#Random_variate_generation">Exponential distribution</a> if you are interested in the math behind the function. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">function measurementInterval() { const MEAN_INTERVAL_IN_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000; return -Math.log(Math.random()) * MEAN_INTERVAL_IN_MS; } </code></pre></devsite-code> Finally, the async <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performMeasurement()</code> function invokes the API, records the result, and schedules the next measurement. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">async function performMeasurement() { // 1. Invoke performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory(). let result; try { result = await performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory(); } catch (error) { if (error instanceof DOMException && error.name === 'SecurityError') { console.log('The context is not secure.'); return; } // Rethrow other errors. throw error; } // 2. Record the result. console.log('Memory usage:', result); // 3. Schedule the next measurement. scheduleMeasurement(); } </code></pre></devsite-code> Finally, begin measuring. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Start measurements. scheduleMeasurement(); </code></pre></devsite-code> The result may look as follows: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="JavaScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Console output: { bytes: 60_100_000, breakdown: [ { bytes: 40_000_000, attribution: [{ url: 'https://example.com/', scope: 'Window', }], types: ['JavaScript'] }, { bytes: 20_000_000, attribution: [{ url: 'https://example.com/iframe', container: { id: 'iframe-id-attribute', src: '/iframe', }, scope: 'Window', }], types: ['JavaScript'] }, { bytes: 100_000, attribution: [], types: ['DOM'] }, ], } </code></pre></devsite-code> The total memory usage estimate is returned in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bytes</code> field. This value is highly implementation-dependent and cannot be compared across browsers. It may even change between different versions of the same browser. The value includes JavaScript and DOM memory of all iframes, related windows, and web workers in the current process. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">breakdown</code> list provides further information about the used memory. Each entry describes some portion of the memory and attributes it to a set of windows, iframes, and workers identified by URL. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">types</code> field lists the implementation-specific memory types associated with the memory. It is important to treat all lists in a generic way and to not hardcode assumptions based on a particular browser. For example, some browsers may return an empty <code translate="no" dir="ltr">breakdown</code> or an empty <code translate="no" dir="ltr">attribution</code>. Other browsers may return multiple entries in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">attribution</code> indicating they could not distinguish which of these entries owns the memory. <h2 id="feedback" data-text="Feedback" tabindex="-1">Feedback</h2> The <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/webperfs/">Web Performance Community Group</a> and the Chrome team would love to hear about your thoughts and experiences with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory()</code>. <h3 id="tell_us_about_the_api_design" data-text="Tell us about the API design" tabindex="-1">Tell us about the API design</h3> Is there something about the API that doesn't work as expected? Or are there missing properties that you need to implement your idea? File a spec issue on the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/performance-measure-memory/issues">performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory() GitHub repo</a> or add your thoughts to a existing issue. <h3 id="report_a_problem_with_the_implementation" data-text="Report a problem with the implementation" tabindex="-1">Report a problem with the implementation</h3> Did you find a bug with Chrome's implementation? Or is the implementation different from the spec? File a bug at <a href="https://issues.chromium.org/issues/new?noWizard=true&template=2031629&component=1456231">new.crbug.com</a>. Be sure to include as much detail as you can, provide simple instructions for reproducing the bug, and have Components set to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Blink>PerformanceAPIs</code>. <a href="https://glitch.com/">Glitch</a> works great for sharing quick and easy repros. <h3 id="show_support" data-text="Show support" tabindex="-1">Show support</h3> Are you planning to use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">performance.measureUserAgentSpecificMemory()</code>? Your public support helps the Chrome team prioritize features and shows other browser vendors how critical it is to support them. Send a tweet to <a href="https://twitter.com/chromiumdev">@ChromiumDev</a> and let us know where and how you're using it. <h2 id="helpful" data-text="Helpful links" tabindex="-1">Helpful links</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/WICG/performance-measure-memory">Explainer</a></li> <li><a href="https://performance-measure-user-agent-specific-memory.glitch.me/">Demo</a> | <a href="https://glitch.com/edit/#!/performance-measure-user-agent-specific-memory?path=public%2Fmeasure-memory.js">Demo source</a></li> <li><a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1085129">Tracking bug</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5685965186138112">ChromeStatus.com entry</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/WICG/performance-measure-memory/blob/master/ORIGIN_TRIAL.md#result-differences">Changes since Origin Trial API</a></li> <li><a href="https://developers.chrome.com/origintrials/#/view_trial/1281274093986906113">Concluded Origin Trial</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="acknowledgements" data-text="Acknowledgements" tabindex="-1">Acknowledgements</h2> Big thanks to Domenic Denicola, Yoav Weiss, Mathias Bynens for API design reviews, and Dominik Inf眉hr, Hannes Payer, Kentaro Hara, Michael Lippautz for code reviews in Chrome. I also thank Per Parker, Philipp Weis, Olga Belomestnykh, Matthew Bolohan, and Neil Mckay for providing valuable user feedback that greatly improved the API. <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/5tLfQGURzHM">Hero image</a> by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@harrisonbroadbent">Harrison Broadbent</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com">Unsplash</a> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. For details, see the <a href="https://developers.google.com/site-policies">Google Developers Site Policies</a>. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. 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