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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Conceptual basis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conceptual_basis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_critical_evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_critical_evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Research and critical evaluation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research_and_critical_evaluation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research and critical evaluation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research_and_critical_evaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evidence_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Evidence quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evidence_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training,_certification_and_adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training,_certification_and_adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Training, certification and adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training,_certification_and_adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reiki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9)" title="ريكي (علاج الطاقة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريكي (علاج الطاقة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyki" title="Reyki – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Reyki" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="রেইকি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেইকি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Рейки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рейки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Ρέικι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρέικι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejkio" title="Rejkio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rejkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ریکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ic%C3%AD" title="Réicí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réicí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%80" title="રેકી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રેકી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B8%B0" title="영기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Ռեյկի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեյկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="रेकी चिकित्सा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेकी चिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99" title="רייקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רייקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BF" title="ರೇಖಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೇಖಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinco_prinsipes_de_Reici" title="Sinco prinsipes de Reici – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sinco prinsipes de Reici" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="റെയ്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെയ്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="रेकी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="रेकी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेकी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AD" title="レイキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レイキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ریکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Рэйки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рэйки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="रेकिचिकित्सा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रेकिचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejki" title="Rejki – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rejki" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki_(zdravljenje)" title="Reiki (zdravljenje) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Reiki (zdravljenje)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Реики – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реики" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="ரெய்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரெய்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reiki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Рейкі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рейкі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ریکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E6%B0%94%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="灵气疗法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="灵气疗法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183057#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FReiki"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FReiki"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Reiki&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiki&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from editing it"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pseudoscientific healing technique</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Japanese pseudoscientific healing practice. For the era, see <a href="/wiki/Reiki_(era)" title="Reiki (era)">Reiki (era)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reiki-Treatment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Reiki-Treatment.jpg/220px-Reiki-Treatment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Reiki-Treatment.jpg/330px-Reiki-Treatment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Reiki-Treatment.jpg/440px-Reiki-Treatment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A reiki session in progress</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline-body-aura.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/60px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/90px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/120px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">General information</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" title="History of alternative medicine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_alternative_medicine" title="Terminology of alternative medicine">Terminology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_veterinary_medicine" title="Alternative veterinary medicine">Alternative veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a> (health fraud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine#19th_century:_rise_of_modern_medicine" title="History of medicine">Rise of modern medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_nihilism" title="Therapeutic nihilism">Therapeutic nihilism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Fringe medicine and science</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupressure" title="Acupressure">Acupressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Research_and_Enlightenment" title="Association for Research and Enlightenment">Association for Research and Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriculotherapy" title="Auriculotherapy">Auriculotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_terrain_assessment" title="Biological terrain assessment">Biological terrain assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_salve" title="Black salve">Black salve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)" title="Bodywork (alternative medicine)">Bodywork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_bone-setting" title="Traditional bone-setting">Bone-setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_technique" title="Bowen technique">Bowen technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathwork_(New_Age)" title="Breathwork (New Age)">Breathwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake COVID-19 treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_urine" title="Camel urine">Camel urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Alternative cancer treatments">Cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal_cleanse" title="Activated charcoal cleanse">Charcoal cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic_treatment_techniques" title="Chiropractic treatment techniques">Chiropractic treatment techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_enema" title="Coffee enema">Coffee enema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpuncture" title="Colorpuncture">Colorpuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniosacral_therapy" title="Craniosacral therapy">Craniosacral therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_amalgam_controversy" title="Dental amalgam controversy">Dental amalgam controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_foot_baths" title="Detoxification foot baths">Foot detox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_needling" title="Dry needling">Dry needling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">Esoteric energy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_touch" title="Therapeutic touch">Therapeutic touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_dominance" title="Estrogen dominance">Estrogen dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabunan_Antiviral_Injection" title="Fabunan Antiviral Injection">Fabunan Antiviral Injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldenkrais_Method" title="Feldenkrais Method">Feldenkrais Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_medicine" title="Functional medicine">Functional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_analysis_(alternative_medicine)" title="Hair analysis (alternative medicine)">Hair analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_dentistry" title="Holistic dentistry">Holistic dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologram_bracelet" title="Hologram bracelet">Hologram bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">Hydrotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnotherapy" title="Hypnotherapy">Hypnotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionized_jewelry" title="Ionized jewelry">Ionized jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lightning_Process" title="The Lightning Process">Lightning Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotherapy" title="Lymphotherapy">Lymphotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_therapy" title="Manual therapy">Manual therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_lymphatic_drainage" title="Manual lymphatic drainage">Manual lymphatic drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_intuitive" title="Medical intuitive">Medical intuitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megavitamin_therapy" title="Megavitamin therapy">Megavitamin therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Mesmerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Mind–body interventions">Mind–body interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myofascial_release" title="Myofascial release">Myofascial release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambudripad%27s_Allergy_Elimination_Techniques" title="Nambudripad's Allergy Elimination Techniques">NAET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pulling" title="Oil pulling">Oil pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine" title="Orthomolecular medicine">Orthomolecular medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomyology" title="Osteomyology">Osteomyology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopathy" title="Osteopathy">Osteopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">Ozone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_Integration" title="Postural Integration">Postural Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">Psychic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychodermatology" title="Psychodermatology">Psychodermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_healing" title="Quantum healing">Quantum healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexology" title="Reflexology">Reflexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichian_body-oriented_psychotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichian body-oriented psychotherapy">RBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfing" title="Rolfing">Rolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThetaHealing" title="ThetaHealing">ThetaHealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomsonianism" title="Thomsonianism">Thomsonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_Field_Therapy" title="Thought Field Therapy">Thought Field Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urophagia" title="Urophagia">Urophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_steaming" title="Vaginal steaming">Vaginal steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetotherapy" title="Vegetotherapy">Vegetotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_therapy" title="Vision therapy">Vision therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_balancing" title="Zero balancing">Zero balancing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Controversies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">OPV AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccinationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">Vaccine misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Vaccines and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR vaccine and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">in chiropractic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_cancer" title="Turbo cancer">Turbo cancer</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification" title="Alternative medicine">Classifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medical_systems" title="Category:Alternative medical systems">Alternative medical systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Category:Mind–body interventions">Mind–body intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biologically_based_therapies" title="Category:Biologically based therapies">Biologically based therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manual_therapy" title="Category:Manual therapy">Manipulative methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_therapies" title="Category:Energy therapies">Energy therapy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" title="Traditional African medicine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muti" title="Muti">Muti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_Southern_Africa" title="Traditional healers of Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dosha" title="Dosha">Dosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Vedic_Approach_to_Health" title="Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health">MVAH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balneotherapy" title="Balneotherapy">Balneotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" title="Brazilian traditional medicine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Cambodian_medicine" title="Traditional Cambodian medicine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_stasis" title="Blood stasis">Blood stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dit_da" title="Dit da">Dit da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_sha" title="Gua sha">Gua sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_plate_trade" title="Gill plate trade">Gill plate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gu" title="Long gu">Long gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(Chinese_medicine)" title="Meridian (Chinese medicine)">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_point" title="Pressure point">Pressure point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jiao" title="San Jiao">San Jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_na" title="Tui na">Tui na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang-fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zang-fu">Zang-fu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_traditional_medicine" title="Chumash traditional medicine">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curandero" title="Curandero">Curandero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilot" title="Hilot">Hilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_traditional_medicine" title="Iranian traditional medicine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu">Jamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayakalpa" title="Kayakalpa">Kayakalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo_cleanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambo cleanse">Kambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mien_Shiang" title="Mien Shiang">Mien Shiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_medicine" title="Traditional Mongolian medicine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftalan_oil" title="Naftalan oil">Naftalan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_medicine" title="Prophetic medicine">Prophetic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiatsu" title="Shiatsu">Shiatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_medicine" title="Siddha medicine">Siddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_massage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai massage">Thai massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unani_medicine" title="Unani medicine">Unani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Alternative diagnoses</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerotoxic_syndrome" title="Aerotoxic syndrome">Aerotoxic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candida_hypersensitivity" title="Candida hypersensitivity">Candida hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_Lyme_disease" title="Chronic Lyme disease">Chronic Lyme disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_legs" title="Heavy legs">Heavy legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_chemical_sensitivity" title="Multiple chemical sensitivity">Multiple chemical sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_temperature_syndrome" title="Wilson's temperature syndrome">Wilson's temperature syndrome</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template talk:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Reiki</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> form of <a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">energy healing</a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a> originating in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-r597_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r597-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reiki practitioners use a technique called <i>palm healing</i> or <i>hands-on healing</i> through which, according to practitioners, a "<a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">universal energy</a>" is transferred through the palms of the practitioner to the client, to encourage emotional or physical healing. It is based on <a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">qi</a> ("chi"), which practitioners say is a universal <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">life force</a>, although there is no <a href="/wiki/Empirical_evidence" title="Empirical evidence">empirical evidence</a> that such a life force exists.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy_6/12/2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy_6/12/2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marketing of reiki has been described as "fraudulent misrepresentation",<sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy_6/12/2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and itself as a "nonsensical method",<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett_3/3/2022_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett_3/3/2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a recommendation that the American government agency <a href="/wiki/NCCAM" class="mw-redirect" title="NCCAM">NCCAM</a> should stop funding reiki research because it "has no substantiated health value and lacks a scientifically plausible rationale".<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett_6/23/2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett_6/23/2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clinical research does not show reiki to be effective as a treatment for any medical condition, including <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ACS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cancer_Research_UK-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_neuropathy" title="Diabetic neuropathy">diabetic neuropathy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bril2001_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bril2001-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a> or <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joyce_Herbison_4/3/2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joyce_Herbison_4/3/2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no proof of the effectiveness of reiki therapy compared to <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a>. Studies reporting positive effects have had methodological flaws.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, the English alternative medicine word <i>reiki</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Japanese_origin" title="List of English words of Japanese origin">comes from Japanese</a> <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">reiki</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8A%E6%B0%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:霊気">霊気</a>) "mysterious atmosphere, miraculous sign", combining <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">rei</i></span> "universal" and <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">ki</i></span> "<a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">vital energy</a>"—the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Japanese vocabulary">Sino-Japanese reading</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">língqì</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%B0%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:靈氣">靈氣</a>) "numinous atmosphere".<sup id="cite_ref-OED_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conceptual_basis">Conceptual basis</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></div> <p>Reiki's teachings and adherents claim that qi is a <a href="/wiki/Physiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological">physiological</a> force that can be manipulated to treat a disease or condition. There is no evidence that qi exists as an observable phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reiki is thus classified as a pseudoscientific practice based on metaphysical, rather than physiological, concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-psych_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psych-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most research on reiki is poorly designed and prone to bias. There is no reliable empirical evidence that reiki is helpful for treating any medical condition,<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACS_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cancer_Research_UK-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some physicians have said it might help promote feelings of general <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cancer_Research_UK-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/William_T._Jarvis" title="William T. Jarvis">William T. Jarvis</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_National_Council_Against_Health_Fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Council Against Health Fraud">The National Council Against Health Fraud</a> stated there "is no evidence that clinical reiki's effects are due to anything other than suggestion" or the <a href="/wiki/Placebo_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Placebo effect">placebo effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 22 April 2014 <a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)"><i>Skeptoid</i> podcast</a> episode entitled "Your Body's Alleged Energy Fields" relates a reiki practitioner's report of what was happening as she passed her hands over a subject's body: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What we'll be looking for here, within John's auric field, is any areas of intense heat, unusual coldness, a repelling energy, a dense energy, a magnetizing energy, tingling sensations, or actually the body attracting the hands into that area where it needs the reiki energy, and balancing of John's qi.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunning_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunning-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique">Technique</h2></div> <p>A session usually lasts for approximately one hour. A "Level 1" practitioner places their hand or hands on or near various parts of the body for several minutes. During this time, a <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">vital</a> energy is meant to flow from the practitioner into the client's body.<sup id="cite_ref-ACS_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Level 2" practitioners alternatively may offer their services at a distance with no skin contact.<sup id="cite_ref-ACS_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_critical_evaluation">Research and critical evaluation</h2></div> <p>Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> articles.<sup id="cite_ref-psych_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psych-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Donlan2009_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donlan2009-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lobato2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lobato2014-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gorski2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorski2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Gorski" title="David Gorski">David Gorski</a> writes that reiki vies with <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a> to be the "one quackery that rules them all" because of its "sheer ridiculousness and disconnect from reality".<sup id="cite_ref-Gorski_3/9/2020_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorski_3/9/2020-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jann Bellamy, a lawyer and critic of alternative medicine, has described the marketing of reiki as "fraudulent misrepresentation".<sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy_6/12/2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In criticizing the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a> for offering a continuing education course on reiki, one source stated, "reiki postulates the existence of a universal energy unknown to science and thus far undetectable surrounding the human body, which practitioners can learn to manipulate using their hands,"<sup id="cite_ref-Lilienfeld2014_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lilienfeld2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others said, "In spite of its [reiki's] diffusion, the baseline mechanism of action has not been demonstrated ..."<sup id="cite_ref-Ferraresi_etal_2013_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferraresi_etal_2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, "Neither the forces involved nor the alleged therapeutic benefits have been demonstrated by scientific testing."<sup id="cite_ref-Reiboldt2013_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reiboldt2013-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several authors have pointed to the <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">vitalistic</a> energy which reiki is claimed to treat,<sup id="cite_ref-Canter2013_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canter2013-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shermer_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shermer-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with one saying, "Ironically, the only thing that distinguishes reiki from <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_touch" title="Therapeutic touch">therapeutic touch</a> is that it [reiki] involves actual touch,"<sup id="cite_ref-Shermer_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shermer-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others stating that the International Center for Reiki Training "mimic[s] the institutional aspects of science" seeking legitimacy but holds no more promise than an <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a> society.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugliucci2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugliucci2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A guideline published by the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Neurology" title="American Academy of Neurology">American Academy of Neurology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Neuromuscular_%26_Electrodiagnostic_Medicine" title="American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine">American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Physical_Medicine_and_Rehabilitation" title="American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation">American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</a> states, "Reiki therapy should probably not be considered for the treatment of PDN [painful diabetic neuropathy]."<sup id="cite_ref-Bril2001_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bril2001-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian sociologist <a href="/wiki/Susan_J._Palmer" title="Susan J. Palmer">Susan J. Palmer</a> has listed reiki as among the pseudoscientific healing methods used by cults in France to attract members.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer2011_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barrett" title="Stephen Barrett">Stephen Barrett</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a> describes reiki as a "nonsensical method".<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett_3/3/2022_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett_3/3/2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a reason for why <a href="/wiki/NCCAM" class="mw-redirect" title="NCCAM">NCCAM</a> should stop funding reiki research, he writes: "Reiki has no substantiated health value and lacks a scientifically plausible rationale. Science-based healthcare settings should not tolerate its use, and scarce government research dollars should not be used to study it further."<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett_3/3/2022_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett_3/3/2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barrett_6/23/2009_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett_6/23/2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evidence_quality">Evidence quality</h3></div> <p>A 2008 <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a> of nine <a href="/wiki/Randomized_clinical_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Randomized clinical trial">randomized clinical trials</a> found several shortcomings in the literature on reiki.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the tools used to measure <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, the results varied and were not reliable or valid. Furthermore, the scientific community has been unable to replicate the findings of studies that support reiki. The review also found issues in reporting methodology in some of the literature, in that often there were parts omitted completely or not clearly described.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frequently in these studies, sample sizes were not calculated and adequate allocation and double-blind procedures were not followed. The review also reported that such studies exaggerated the effectiveness of treatment and there was no control for differences in experience of reiki practitioners or even the same practitioner at times produced different outcomes. None of the studies in the review provided a rationale for the treatment duration and no study reported adverse effects.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety">Safety</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine#Safety" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine § Safety</a></div> <p>Safety concerns for reiki sessions are very low and are akin to those of many <a href="/wiki/Complementary_and_alternative_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Complementary and alternative medicine">complementary and alternative medicine</a> practices. Some <a href="/wiki/Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Physicians">physicians</a> and health care providers, however, believe that patients may unadvisedly substitute proven treatments for life-threatening conditions with unproven alternative modalities, including reiki, thus endangering their health.<sup id="cite_ref-There_is_no_accreditation_body_for_reiki,_nor_any_regulation_of_the_practice._27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-There_is_no_accreditation_body_for_reiki,_nor_any_regulation_of_the_practice.-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training,_certification_and_adoption"><span id="Training.2C_certification_and_adoption"></span>Training, certification and adoption</h2></div> <p>A reiki practitioner who offers teaching is known as a "reiki master".<sup id="cite_ref-ACS_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no central authority controlling use of the words <i>reiki</i> or <i>reiki master</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certificates can be purchased online for under $100.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is "not uncommon" for a course to offer attainment of reiki master in two weekends.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no regulation of practitioners or reiki master in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> reported in 2014 that in response to customer demand, at least 60 hospitals in the United States offered reiki, at a cost of between $40 and $300 per session.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cancer Research UK reported in 2019 that some cancer centers and hospices in the UK offer free or low-cost reiki for people with cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cancer_Research_UK-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cost per session for treatment vary widely, but a CNBC report found a practitioner charging $229 per session of 60–90 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <span class="anonymous-show"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AReiki&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+25+March+2025&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Reiki">making an edit request</a></span></span><span class="user-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reiki&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> </span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikaousui.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mikaousui.jpg/140px-Mikaousui.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mikaousui.jpg/210px-Mikaousui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mikaousui.jpg/280px-Mikaousui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="668" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mikao_Usui" title="Mikao Usui">Mikao Usui</a> (1865–1926)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chujiro_Hayashi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chujiro_Hayashi.jpg/140px-Chujiro_Hayashi.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chujiro_Hayashi.jpg/210px-Chujiro_Hayashi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chujiro_Hayashi.jpg/280px-Chujiro_Hayashi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="861" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Chujiro_Hayashi" title="Chujiro Hayashi">Chujiro Hayashi</a> (1880–1940)</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mikao_Usui" title="Mikao Usui">Mikao Usui</a> originated the practice in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-r597_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r597-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the inscription on his memorial stone, Usui taught his system of reiki to more than 2,000 people during his lifetime. While teaching reiki in <a href="/wiki/Fukuyama,_Hiroshima" title="Fukuyama, Hiroshima">Fukuyama</a>, Usui suffered a stroke and died on 9 March 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-UsuiMemorial_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UsuiMemorial-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2015)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first reiki clinic in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> was started in 1970 by <a href="/wiki/Hawayo_Takata" title="Hawayo Takata">Hawayo Takata</a>, a student of <a href="/wiki/Chujiro_Hayashi" title="Chujiro Hayashi">Chujiro Hayashi</a> (who was a disciple of Usui).<sup id="cite_ref-Joyce_Herbison_4/3/2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joyce_Herbison_4/3/2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_alternative_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of alternative medicine">Glossary of alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laying_on_of_hands" title="Laying on of hands">Laying on of hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ineffective_cancer_treatments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ineffective cancer treatments">List of ineffective cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Force" title="The Force">The Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">RAY</span>-kee</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">霊気</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-r597-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r597_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r597_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBelcaro2018" class="citation book cs1">Belcaro, G.V. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qPF9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36"><i>Complementary, Alternative Methods And Supplementary Medicine</i></a>. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78634-568-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78634-568-4"><bdi>978-1-78634-568-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complementary%2C+Alternative+Methods+And+Supplementary+Medicine&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-78634-568-4&rft.aulast=Belcaro&rft.aufirst=G.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqPF9DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Pittler_Ernst_2008_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeePittlerErnst2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, MS; Pittler, MH; <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Ernst, E</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1742-1241.2008.01729.x">"Effects of reiki in clinical practice: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials"</a>. <i>International Journal of Clinical Practice</i> (Systematic Review). <b>62</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">947–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1742-1241.2008.01729.x">10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01729.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18410352">18410352</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25832830">25832830</a>. <q>Most trials suffered from methodological flaws such as small sample size, inadequate study design and poor reporting....In conclusion, the evidence is insufficient to suggest that reiki is an effective treatment for any condition. Therefore the value of reiki remains unproven.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Clinical+Practice&rft.atitle=Effects+of+reiki+in+clinical+practice%3A+A+systematic+review+of+randomised+clinical+trials&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E947-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25832830%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18410352&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1742-1241.2008.01729.x&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=MS&rft.au=Pittler%2C+MH&rft.au=Ernst%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1742-1241.2008.01729.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellamy_6/12/2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy_6/12/2014_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2014" class="citation web cs1">Bellamy, Jann (12 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/reiki-fraudulent-misrepresentation/">"Reiki: Fraudulent Misrepresentation"</a>. <i>Science-Based Medicine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321144741/https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/reiki-fraudulent-misrepresentation/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=Reiki%3A+Fraudulent+Misrepresentation&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Jann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencebasedmedicine.org%2Freiki-fraudulent-misrepresentation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett_3/3/2022-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_3/3/2022_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_3/3/2022_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_3/3/2022_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barrett" title="Stephen Barrett">Barrett, Stephen</a> (3 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quackwatch.org/related/reiki/">"Reiki Is Nonsense"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quackwatch&rft.atitle=Reiki+Is+Nonsense&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquackwatch.org%2Frelated%2Freiki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett_6/23/2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_6/23/2009_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_6/23/2009_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barrett" title="Stephen Barrett">Barrett, Stephen</a> (23 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quackwatch.org/nccam/research/reiki/">"Why NCCAM Should Stop Funding Reiki Research"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quackwatch&rft.atitle=Why+NCCAM+Should+Stop+Funding+Reiki+Research&rft.date=2009-06-23&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquackwatch.org%2Fnccam%2Fresearch%2Freiki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACS_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACS_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACS_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACS_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACS_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussell_JRovere_A2009" class="citation book cs1">Russell J; Rovere A, eds. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse">"Reiki"</a></span>. <i>American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse/page/243">243–45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780944235713" title="Special:BookSources/9780944235713"><bdi>9780944235713</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reiki&rft.btitle=American+Cancer+Society+Complete+Guide+to+Complementary+and+Alternative+Cancer+Therapies&rft.pages=243-45&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=American+Cancer+Society&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780944235713&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancancerso0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cancer_Research_UK-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cancer_Research_UK_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/complementary-alternative-therapies/individual-therapies/reiki?_ga=2.85017947.370597969.1581541069-1068809649.1580330016">"Reiki | Complementary and alternative therapy | Cancer Research UK"</a>. <i>about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510083939/https://about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/complementary-alternative-therapies/individual-therapies/reiki?_ga=2.85017947.370597969.1581541069-1068809649.1580330016">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org&rft.atitle=Reiki+%7C+Complementary+and+alternative+therapy+%7C+Cancer+Research+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org%2Fabout-cancer%2Fcancer-in-general%2Ftreatment%2Fcomplementary-alternative-therapies%2Findividual-therapies%2Freiki%3F_ga%3D2.85017947.370597969.1581541069-1068809649.1580330016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bril2001-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bril2001_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bril2001_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrilEnglandFranklinBackonja2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bril, V; England, J; Franklin, GM; Backonja, M; et al. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neurology.org/content/76/20/1758.full.pdf">"Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: Report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Neurology_(journal)" title="Neurology (journal)">Neurology</a></i>. <b>76</b> (20): <span class="nowrap">1758–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e3182166ebe">10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182166ebe</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100130">3100130</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21482920">21482920</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712081026/http://www.neurology.org/content/76/20/1758.full.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurology&rft.atitle=Evidence-based+guideline%3A+Treatment+of+painful+diabetic+neuropathy%3A+Report+of+the+American+Academy+of+Neurology%2C+the+American+Association+of+Neuromuscular+and+Electrodiagnostic+Medicine%2C+and+the+American+Academy+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1758-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3100130%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21482920&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e3182166ebe&rft.aulast=Bril&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=England%2C+J&rft.au=Franklin%2C+GM&rft.au=Backonja%2C+M&rft.au=Cohen%2C+J&rft.au=Del+Toro%2C+D&rft.au=Feldman%2C+E&rft.au=Iverson%2C+DJ&rft.au=Perkins%2C+B&rft.au=Russell%2C+JW&rft.au=Zochodne%2C+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neurology.org%2Fcontent%2F76%2F20%2F1758.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joyce_Herbison_4/3/2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joyce_Herbison_4/3/2015_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joyce_Herbison_4/3/2015_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoyce2015" class="citation journal cs1">Joyce, Janine (3 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11088458">"Reiki for depression and anxiety"</a>. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> (4): CD006833. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD006833.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD006833.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11088458">11088458</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25835541">25835541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Reiki+for+depression+and+anxiety&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=CD006833&rft.date=2015-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11088458%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25835541&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD006833.pub2&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11088458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/246352?redirectedFrom=Reiki#eid">"Reiki"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary"><i>Oxford English Dictionary </i>(<i>OED</i>)<i><span></span></i></a>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reiki&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary+%28OED%29&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F246352%3FredirectedFrom%3DReiki%23eid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psych-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psych_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psych_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSempleSmyth2013" class="citation book cs1">Semple, D.; Smyth, R. (2013). "Ch. 1: Psychomythology". <i>Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LiJKseis6OYC&pg=PA20">20</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199693887" title="Special:BookSources/9780199693887"><bdi>9780199693887</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+1%3A+Psychomythology&rft.btitle=Oxford+Handbook+of+Psychiatry&rft.pages=20&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199693887&rft.aulast=Semple&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Smyth%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarvis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJarvis" class="citation web cs1">Jarvis, William T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncahf.org/articles/o-r/reiki.html">"Reiki"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Council_Against_Health_Fraud" title="National Council Against Health Fraud">National Council Against Health Fraud</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090823055036/http://www.ncahf.org/articles/o-r/reiki.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reiki&rft.pub=National+Council+Against+Health+Fraud&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=William+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncahf.org%2Farticles%2Fo-r%2Freiki.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunning-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunning_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunning" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Dunning, Brian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4411">"Skeptoid #411: Your Body's Alleged Energy Fields"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Skeptoid</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid&rft.atitle=Skeptoid+%23411%3A+Your+Body%27s+Alleged+Energy+Fields&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fepisodes%2F4411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donlan2009-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Donlan2009_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonlan2009" class="citation book cs1">Donlan, Joseph E. (2009). <i>Ordaining Reality in Brief: The Shortcut to Your Future</i>. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Publishers_(United_States)" title="Universal Publishers (United States)">Universal Publishers</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yVpenBMH_a8C&pg=PA63">63–</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781599428925" title="Special:BookSources/9781599428925"><bdi>9781599428925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordaining+Reality+in+Brief%3A+The+Shortcut+to+Your+Future&rft.pages=63-&rft.pub=Universal+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781599428925&rft.aulast=Donlan&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lobato2014-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lobato2014_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLobatoMendozaSimsChin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lobato, E; Mendoza, J; Sims, V; Chin, M (2014). "Examining the relationship between conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscience acceptance among a university population". <i>Applied Cognitive Psychology</i>. <b>28</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">617–</span>25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Facp.3042">10.1002/acp.3042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Cognitive+Psychology&rft.atitle=Examining+the+relationship+between+conspiracy+theories%2C+paranormal+beliefs%2C+and+pseudoscience+acceptance+among+a+university+population&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E617-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Facp.3042&rft.aulast=Lobato&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Mendoza%2C+J&rft.au=Sims%2C+V&rft.au=Chin%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorski2014-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gorski2014_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGorskiNovella2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gorski" title="David Gorski">Gorski, DH</a>; <a href="/wiki/Steven_Novella" title="Steven Novella">Novella, SP</a> (2014). 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(2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3694469">"Reiki and related therapies in the dialysis ward: An evidence-based and ethical discussion to debate if these complementary and alternative medicines are welcomed or banned"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BMC_Nephrology" class="mw-redirect" title="BMC Nephrology">BMC Nephrology</a></i>. <b>14</b> (1): 129–. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2369-14-129">10.1186/1471-2369-14-129</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3694469">3694469</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23799960">23799960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Nephrology&rft.atitle=Reiki+and+related+therapies+in+the+dialysis+ward%3A+An+evidence-based+and+ethical+discussion+to+debate+if+these+complementary+and+alternative+medicines+are+welcomed+or+banned&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=129-&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3694469%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23799960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2369-14-129&rft.aulast=Ferraresi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Clari%2C+R&rft.au=Moro%2C+I&rft.au=Banino%2C+E&rft.au=Boero%2C+E&rft.au=Crosio%2C+A&rft.au=Dayne%2C+R&rft.au=Rosset%2C+L&rft.au=Scarpa%2C+A&rft.au=Serra%2C+E&rft.au=Surace%2C+A&rft.au=Testore%2C+A&rft.au=Colombi%2C+N&rft.au=Piccoli%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3694469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reiboldt2013-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reiboldt2013_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReiboldt2013" class="citation book cs1">Reiboldt, Wendy (2013). <i>Consumer Survival: An Encyclopedia of Consumer Rights, Safety, and Protection</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zY6dAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA765">765</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598849370" title="Special:BookSources/9781598849370"><bdi>9781598849370</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consumer+Survival%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Consumer+Rights%2C+Safety%2C+and+Protection&rft.pages=765&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781598849370&rft.aulast=Reiboldt&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canter2013-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canter2013_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanter2013" class="citation book cs1">Canter, Peter H. (2013). "Vitalism and Other Pseudoscience in Alternative Medicine: The Retreat from Science". In <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Ernst, Edzard</a> (ed.). <i>Healing, Hype or Harm?: A Critical Analysis of Complementary or Alternative Medicine</i>. Andrews UK Limited. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3bO7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT116">116–</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845407117" title="Special:BookSources/9781845407117"><bdi>9781845407117</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vitalism+and+Other+Pseudoscience+in+Alternative+Medicine%3A+The+Retreat+from+Science&rft.btitle=Healing%2C+Hype+or+Harm%3F%3A+A+Critical+Analysis+of+Complementary+or+Alternative+Medicine&rft.pages=116-&rft.pub=Andrews+UK+Limited&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781845407117&rft.aulast=Canter&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2011-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith2011_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jonathan C. 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In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Shermer, Michael</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience"><i>The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr4snwg7iaEC&pg=PA252">252–</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576076538" title="Special:BookSources/9781576076538"><bdi>9781576076538</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Therapeutic+Touch&rft.btitle=The+Skeptic+Encyclopedia+of+Pseudoscience&rft.pages=252-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781576076538&rft.aulast=Sarner&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pugliucci2013-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pugliucci2013_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPigliucciBoudry2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Pigliucci" title="Massimo Pigliucci">Pigliucci, Massimo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Boudry" title="Maarten Boudry">Boudry, Maarten</a> (2013). <i>Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pc4OAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA178">178–</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226051826" title="Special:BookSources/9780226051826"><bdi>9780226051826</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Pseudoscience%3A+Reconsidering+the+Demarcation+Problem&rft.pages=178-&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780226051826&rft.aulast=Pigliucci&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft.au=Boudry%2C+Maarten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmer2011-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palmer2011_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2011" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Susan (2011). <a href="/wiki/The_New_Heretics_of_France" title="The New Heretics of France"><i>The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, la République, and the Government-Sponsored "War on Sects"</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pY5pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA129">129–</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199875993" title="Special:BookSources/9780199875993"><bdi>9780199875993</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Heretics+of+France%3A+Minority+Religions%2C+la+R%C3%A9publique%2C+and+the+Government-Sponsored+%22War+on+Sects%22&rft.pages=129-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199875993&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-There_is_no_accreditation_body_for_reiki,_nor_any_regulation_of_the_practice.-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-There_is_no_accreditation_body_for_reiki,_nor_any_regulation_of_the_practice._27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.disabled-world.com/medical/alternative/reiki/">"Reiki: Holistic Therapy Treatment Information"</a>. <i>Disabled world.com</i>. January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Disabled+world.com&rft.atitle=Reiki%3A+Holistic+Therapy+Treatment+Information&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.disabled-world.com%2Fmedical%2Falternative%2Freiki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVentola2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ventola, C. L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2957745">"Current Issues Regarding Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the United States"</a>. <i>P & T: A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management</i>. <b>35</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">514–</span>522. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2957745">2957745</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20975811">20975811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=P+%26+T%3A+A+Peer-Reviewed+Journal+for+Formulary+Management&rft.atitle=Current+Issues+Regarding+Complementary+and+Alternative+Medicine+%28CAM%29+in+the+United+States&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E514-%3C%2Fspan%3E522&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2957745%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20975811&rft.aulast=Ventola&rft.aufirst=C.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2957745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElaine_Stillerman2014" class="citation cs2">Elaine Stillerman (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pi9yBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA295"><i>Modalities for Massage and Bodywork</i></a>, Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 295, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323260794" title="Special:BookSources/9780323260794"><bdi>9780323260794</bdi></a>, <q>Currently there is no standard for certification in Reiki throughout the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modalities+for+Massage+and+Bodywork&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780323260794&rft.au=Elaine+Stillerman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpi9yBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiane_Stein2011" class="citation cs2">Diane Stein (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eASXC2-iEv4C&pg=PA8"><i>Essential Reiki Teaching Manual: A Companion Guide for Reiki Healers</i></a>, Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony, pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>8, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307783806" title="Special:BookSources/9780307783806"><bdi>9780307783806</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Reiki+Teaching+Manual%3A+A+Companion+Guide+for+Reiki+Healers&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=Potter%2FTenSpeed%2FHarmony&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780307783806&rft.au=Diane+Stein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeASXC2-iEv4C%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPenelope_QuestKathy_Roberts2012" class="citation cs2">Penelope Quest; Kathy Roberts (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmKzzvL29G0C&pg=PT297">"Reiki Training Levels"</a>, <i>Reiki Collection</i>, Penguin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101576205" title="Special:BookSources/9781101576205"><bdi>9781101576205</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reiki+Training+Levels&rft.btitle=Reiki+Collection&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781101576205&rft.au=Penelope+Quest&rft.au=Kathy+Roberts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZmKzzvL29G0C%26pg%3DPT297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNina_L._Paul2011" class="citation cs2">Nina L. Paul (2011), "Reiki classes and certification", <i>Reiki for Dummies</i>, John Wiley & Sons, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118054741" title="Special:BookSources/9781118054741"><bdi>9781118054741</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reiki+classes+and+certification&rft.btitle=Reiki+for+Dummies&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781118054741&rft.au=Nina+L.+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSacks_B2014" class="citation news cs1">Sacks B (16 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/reiki-goes-mainstream-spiritual-touch-practice-now-commonplace-in-hospitals/2014/05/16/9e92223a-dd37-11e3-a837-8835df6c12c4_story.html">"Reiki goes mainstream: Spiritual touch practice now commonplace in hospitals"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010810/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/reiki-goes-mainstream-spiritual-touch-practice-now-commonplace-in-hospitals/2014/05/16/9e92223a-dd37-11e3-a837-8835df6c12c4_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Reiki+goes+mainstream%3A+Spiritual+touch+practice+now+commonplace+in+hospitals&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft.au=Sacks+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Freligion%2Freiki-goes-mainstream-spiritual-touch-practice-now-commonplace-in-hospitals%2F2014%2F05%2F16%2F9e92223a-dd37-11e3-a837-8835df6c12c4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/19/budget-breakdown-of-a-37-year-old-who-makes-108000-dollars-a-year.html">Here's the budget breakdown of a 37-year-old ex-CIA analyst turned energy healer who makes $108,000 a year</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419010835/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/19/budget-breakdown-of-a-37-year-old-who-makes-108000-dollars-a-year.html">Archived</a> 2021-04-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>, Emmie Martin, 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UsuiMemorial-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UsuiMemorial_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inscription on Usui's memorial</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reiki" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:reiki">reiki</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reiki" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Reiki">Reiki</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNational_Center_for_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine">National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a> (4 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nccam.nih.gov/health/reiki/">"Reiki: An Introduction (NCCAM Backgrounder)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reiki%3A+An+Introduction+%28NCCAM+Backgrounder%29&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft.au=National+Center+for+Complementary+and+Alternative+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnccam.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Freiki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReiki" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/04/reiki-cant-possibly-work-so-why-does-it/606808/">Reiki Can't Possibly Work. So Why Does It?</a>", 2020 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pseudoscience225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pseudoscience" title="Template talk:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pseudoscience225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo cult science">Cargo cult science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">Charlatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">Fringe theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomathematics" title="Pseudomathematics">Pseudomathematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_science" title="Pathological science">Pathological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_oil" title="Snake oil">Snake oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superseded_theories_in_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Superseded theories in science">Superseded scientific theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" title="True-believer syndrome">True-believer syndrome</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Science" title="Voodoo Science">Voodoo Science</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">Topics <br />characterized as <br />pseudoscience</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)" title="Biorhythm (pseudoscience)">Biorhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">Bloodletting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_memory" title="Body memory">Body memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">Cryonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills" title="Doktor Koster's Antigaspills">Doktor Koster's Antigaspills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_chemicals_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory">LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchagavya" title="Panchagavya">Panchagavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_medicine" title="Patent medicine">Patent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primal_therapy" title="Primal therapy">Primal therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">Trepanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_syndrome" title="Wind turbine syndrome">Wind turbine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi#Arabian_Judah_theory" title="Kamal Salibi">Arabian Judah theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G#Misinformation_and_controversy" title="5G">5G conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrail conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation#Generational_theory" title="Generation">Generational theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generationism" title="Generationism">Generationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory" title="Strauss–Howe generational theory">Strauss–Howe generational theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigo_children" title="Indigo children">Indigo children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_archaeology" title="Nazi archaeology">Nazi archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression" title="Past life regression">Past life regression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin_theory" title="Melanin theory">Melanin theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indicator" title="Myers–Briggs Type Indicator">Myers–Briggs Type Indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality" title="Enneagram of Personality">Enneagram of Personality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gravity" title="Anti-gravity">Anti-gravity‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">Cold fusion‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faster-than-light" title="Faster-than-light">Faster-than-light travel</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">Perpetual motion</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionless_drive" title="Reactionless drive">Reactionless drive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_drive" title="Dean drive">Dean drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EmDrive" title="EmDrive">EMDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">Teleportation‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_beam" title="Tractor beam">Tractor beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-fueled_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-fueled car">Water-fueled car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Aquatic ape hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_transmutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological transmutation">Biological transmutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_ball" title="Laundry ball">Laundry ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)" title="Law of attraction (New Thought)">Law of attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">Polygraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific_metrology" title="Pseudoscientific metrology">Pseudoscientific metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_analysis" title="Statement analysis">Statement analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_stress_analysis" title="Voice stress analysis">Voice stress analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">Water memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters of<br />pseudoscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucharit_Bhakdi" title="Sucharit Bhakdi">Sucharit Bhakdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Bigtree" title="Del Bigtree">Del Bigtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_and_Grichka_Bogdanoff" title="Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff">Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Boisselier" title="Brigitte Boisselier">Brigitte Boisselier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne" title="Rhonda Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charroux" title="Robert Charroux">Robert Charroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonaid" title="Clonaid">Clonaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Coleman" title="Vernon Coleman">Vernon Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly" title="Ignatius L. Donnelly">Ignatius L. Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gonzalez_(physician)" title="Nicholas Gonzalez (physician)">Nicholas Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goop_(company)" title="Goop (company)">Goop (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Graham Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley" title="William Donald Kelley">William Donald Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corentin_Louis_Kervran" title="Corentin Louis Kervran">Corentin Louis Kervran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Mike Lindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mercola" title="Joseph Mercola">Joseph Mercola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Mikovits" title="Judy Mikovits">Judy Mikovits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">Ministry of Ayush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Morell" title="Theodor Morell">Theodor Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alfred_Nieper" title="Hans Alfred Nieper">Hans Alfred Nieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a> (<a href="/wiki/Claude_Vorilhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Vorilhon">Claude Vorilhon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Robby Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stone" title="Randolph Stone">Randolph Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdanov_affair" title="Bogdanov affair">Bogdanov affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_pseudoscience" title="Bourgeois pseudoscience">Bourgeois pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressed research in the Soviet Union">Suppressed research in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason" title="Cults of Unreason">Cults of Unreason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science" title="Fads 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