CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Worship of heavenly bodies - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1f35fd93-7e56-4405-95d6-747a89a59ec8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Worship_of_heavenly_bodies","wgTitle":"Worship of heavenly bodies","wgCurRevisionId":1279165883,"wgRevisionId":1279165883,"wgArticleId":25011238,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with reference errors","Pages with broken reference names","Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from August 2024","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from November 2023","Articles to be split from October 2024","All articles to be split","Articles that may contain original research from October 2024","All articles that may contain original research","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021","Articles containing Arabic-language text","CS1: long volume value","CS1 interwiki-linked names","Stellar deities","Astrology","Ceremonial magic","Eastern esotericism","Esoteric cosmology","History of astronomy","Religious cosmologies","Religious faiths, traditions, and movements","Sabaeans","Thelema","Western esotericism","Occultism (Islam)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Worship_of_heavenly_bodies","wgRelevantArticleId":25011238,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3627640","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Worship of heavenly bodies - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Worship_of_heavenly_bodies rootpage-Worship_of_heavenly_bodies skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Worship+of+heavenly+bodies" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Worship+of+heavenly+bodies" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Worship+of+heavenly+bodies" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Worship+of+heavenly+bodies" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_historical_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_historical_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In historical cultures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_historical_cultures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In historical cultures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_historical_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mesopotamia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesopotamia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mesopotamia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesopotamia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sabians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sabians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sabians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Indigenous America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_contemporary_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_contemporary_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In contemporary religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_contemporary_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In contemporary religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_contemporary_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Worship of heavenly bodies</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astralgottheit" title="Astralgottheit – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Astralgottheit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عبادة الأجرام السماوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عبادة الأجرام السماوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolatria" title="Astrolatria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Astrolatria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astralkult" title="Astralkult – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astralkult" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrol%C3%A2trie" title="Astrolâtrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astrolâtrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolatria" title="Astrolatria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astrolatria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astralinis_kultas" title="Astralinis kultas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Astralinis kultas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kult_astralny" title="Kult astralny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kult astralny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астролатрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астролатрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6k_cisimlerine_tapma" title="Gök cisimlerine tapma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gök cisimlerine tapma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астролатрія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астролатрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9D_thi%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%83" title="Thờ thiên thể – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thờ thiên thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3627640#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&oldid=1279165883" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&id=1279165883&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWorship_of_heavenly_bodies"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWorship_of_heavenly_bodies"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3627640" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Worship of stars and other heavenly bodies as deities</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Star worship" redirects here. For the Remo Drive song, see <a href="/wiki/A_Portrait_of_an_Ugly_Man" title="A Portrait of an Ugly Man"><i>A Portrait of an Ugly Man</i></a>.</div> <p>The <b>worship of heavenly bodies</b> is the veneration of <a href="/wiki/Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Stars">stars</a> (individually or together as the night sky), the planets, or other <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical objects">astronomical objects</a> as <a href="/wiki/Deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Deities">deities</a>, or the association of deities with heavenly bodies. In anthropological literature these systems of practice may be referred to as <b>astral cults</b>. </p><p>The most notable instances of this are <a href="/wiki/Sun_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun god">Sun gods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moon_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon god">Moon gods</a> in polytheistic systems worldwide. Also notable are the associations of the <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a> with deities in <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian religion</a>, and hence in <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> religion, viz. <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a>. Gods, goddesses, and demons may also be considered personifications of astronomical phenomena such as lunar eclipses, planetary alignments, and apparent interactions of planetary bodies with stars. The <a href="/wiki/Sabians_of_Harran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabians of Harran">Sabians of Harran</a>, a poorly understood pagan religion that existed in <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a> during the early Islamic period (7th–10th century), were known for their astral cult. </p><p>The related term <b>astrolatry</b> usually implies <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> prohibit astrolatry as <a href="/wiki/Idolatrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Idolatrous">idolatrous</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">Pole star</a> worship was also banned by imperial decree in <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> Japan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Astrolatry</i> has the suffix -λάτρης, itself related to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:λάτρις">λάτρις</a> <i>latris</i> 'worshipper' or λατρεύειν <i>latreuein</i> 'to worship' from λάτρον <i>latron</i> 'payment'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_historical_cultures">In historical cultures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In historical cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mesopotamia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mesopotamia is worldwide the place of the earliest known astronomer and poet by name: <a href="/wiki/Enheduanna" title="Enheduanna">Enheduanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a> high priestess to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">lunar deity</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Nanna/Sin</a> and princess, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sargon_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Sargon the Great">Sargon the Great</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2334</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2279</span> BCE). She had the Moon tracked in her chambers and wrote poems about her divine Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-c099_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c099-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="#Crescent">crescent</a> depicting the Moon as with Enheduanna's deity <a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Nanna/Sin</a> have been found from the 3rd millennium BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackGreen1992_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackGreen1992-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy" title="Babylonian astronomy">Babylonian astronomy</a> from early times associates stars with deities, but the identification of the <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heavens</a> as the residence of an anthropomorphic pantheon, and later of monotheistic <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> and his retinue of angels, is a later development, gradually replacing the notion of the pantheon residing or convening on the summit of high mountains. <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sayce" title="Archibald Sayce">Archibald Sayce</a> (1913) argues for a parallelism of the "stellar theology" of Babylon and Egypt, both countries absorbing popular star-worship into the official pantheon of their respective state religions by identification of gods with stars or planets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESayce1913237ff_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESayce1913237ff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chaldea#Legacy" title="Chaldea">Chaldeans</a>, who came to be seen as the prototypical astrologers and star-worshippers by the Greeks, migrated into Mesopotamia c. 940–860 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOppenheimReiner1977_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimReiner1977-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astral religion does not appear to have been common in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, but becomes popular under <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrian</a> influence around the 7th-century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooley2011287_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooley2011287-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chaldeans gained ascendancy, ruling <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> from 608 to 557 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu20184,_12,_178_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu20184,_12,_178-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hebrew Bible was substantially composed during this period (roughly corresponding to the period of the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_(KV.17)_(Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois,_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest)_-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg/220px-La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg/330px-La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg/440px-La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a>, a group of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">ancient Egyptian deities</a> who were the personifications of the <a href="/wiki/IAU_designated_constellations_by_area" title="IAU designated constellations by area">northern constellations</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Astral cults were probably an early feature of religion in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200312_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200312-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence suggests that the observation and veneration of celestial bodies played a significant role in Egyptian religious practices, even before the development of a dominant solar theology. The early Egyptians associated celestial phenomena with divine forces, seeing the stars and planets as embodiments of gods who influenced both the heavens and the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1997Richter2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1997Richter2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Direct evidence for astral cults, seen alongside the dominant <a href="/wiki/Sun_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun deity">solar theology</a> which arose before the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Dynasty">Fifth Dynasty</a>, is found in the Pyramid Texts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200390_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200390-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These texts, among the oldest religious writings in the world, contain hymns and spells that not only emphasize the importance of the Sun God Ra but also refer to stars and constellations as powerful deities that guide and protect the deceased Pharaoh in the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2005Assmann2001_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2005Assmann2001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growth of Osiris devotion led to stars being called "followers" of Osiris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200391_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200391-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They recognized five planets as <a href="/wiki/Planetae" title="Planetae">"stars that know no rest"</a>, interpreted as gods who sailed across the sky in <a href="/wiki/Barques" class="mw-redirect" title="Barques">barques</a>: Sebegu (perhaps a form of <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a>), Venus ("the one who crosses"), Mars ("<a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> of the horizon"), Jupiter ("Horus who limits the two lands"), and Saturn ("Horus bull of the heavens.")<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200391_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200391-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most significant celestial deities in ancient Egyptian religion was the goddess <a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a>, identified with the star <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2001_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2001-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sopdet's rising coincided with the annual flooding of the Nile, a crucial event that sustained Egyptian agriculture. The goddess was venerated as a harbinger of the inundation, marking the beginning of a new agricultural cycle and symbolizing fertility and renewal. This connection between Sopdet and the Nile flood underscores the profound link between celestial phenomena and earthly prosperity in ancient Egyptian culture. She was known to the Greeks as <i>Sothis</i>. The significance of Sirius in Egyptian religion is further highlighted by its association with the goddess Isis during later periods, particularly in the Ptolemaic era, where Isis was often depicted as the star itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichter2004Krauss1997_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichter2004Krauss1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sopdet is the consort of <a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a>, the personified <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a> near Sirius. Their child <a href="/wiki/Venus_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus (planet)">Venus</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill2016_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill2016-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the hawk god <a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003167_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003167-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Lord of the East".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003211_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003211-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the bringer of the New Year and the Nile flood, she was associated with <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> from an early date<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003167_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003167-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic</a> period Sah and Sopdet almost solely appeared in forms conflated with Osiris<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003127_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Isis_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isis (goddess)">Isis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003168_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003168-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the alignment of architectural structures, such as pyramids and temples, with astronomical events reveals the deliberate integration of cosmological concepts into Egypt's built environment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitner1993_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitner1993-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Great Pyramid of Giza is aligned with the cardinal points, and its descending passage is aligned with the star Thuban in the constellation Draco, which was the pole star at the time. This alignment likely served both symbolic and practical purposes, connecting the Pharaoh's eternal journey with the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpence2000Belmonte2001_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpence2000Belmonte2001-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sabians">Sabians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sabians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></div> <p>Among the various religious groups which in the 9th and 10th centuries CE came to be identified with the mysterious Sabians mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> (sometimes also spelled 'Sabaeans' or 'Sabeans', but not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">Sabaeans</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at least two groups appear to have engaged in some kind of star worship. </p><p>By far the most famous of these two are the <a href="/wiki/Sabians_of_Harran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabians of Harran">Sabians of Harran</a>, adherents of a <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenized</a> Semitic <a href="/wiki/Pagan_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan religion">pagan religion</a> that had managed to survive during the early <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">Islamic period</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Blois1960–2007_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Blois1960–2007-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were described by <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Christian">Syriac</a> Christian <a href="/wiki/Heresiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Heresiography">heresiographers</a> as star worshippers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200968;_cf._p._70_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200968;_cf._p._70-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the scholars and <a href="/wiki/Courtiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtiers">courtiers</a> working for the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buyid" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyid">Buyid</a> dynasties in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> during the ninth–eleventh centuries who were known as 'Sabians' were either members of this Harranian religion or descendants of such members, most notably the Harranian astronomers and mathematicians <a href="/wiki/Thabit_ibn_Qurra" class="mw-redirect" title="Thabit ibn Qurra">Thabit ibn Qurra</a> (died 901) and <a href="/wiki/Al-Battani" title="Al-Battani">al-Battani</a> (died 929).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been some speculation on whether these Sabian families in Baghdad, on whom most of our information about the Harranian Sabians indirectly depends, may have practiced a different, more philosophically inspired variant of the original Harranian religion.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, apart from the fact that it contains traces of <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religion</a>, and that an important place was taken by planets (to whom ritual <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifices</a> were made), little is known about Harranian Sabianism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200965–66_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200965–66-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been variously described by scholars as (neo)-<a href="/wiki/Platonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonists">Platonists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermeticists" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermeticists">Hermeticists</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Gnostics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostics">Gnostics</a>, but there is no firm evidence for any of these identifications.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200970_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200970-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from the Sabians of Harran, there were also various religious groups living in the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Mesopotamian Marshes">Mesopotamian Marshes</a> who were called the 'Sabians of the Marshes' (Arabic: <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ṣābiʾat al-baṭāʾiḥ</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though this name has often been understood as a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a>, there was in fact at least one other religious group living in the marshlands of Southern Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group still held on to a pagan belief related to <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian religion</a>, in which Mesopotamian gods had already been venerated in the form of planets and stars since antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel201771–72_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel201771–72-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim" title="Ibn al-Nadim">Ibn al-Nadim</a>, our only source for these star-worshipping 'Sabians of the Marshes', they "follow the doctrines of the ancient Aramaeans [<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿalā maḏāhib <a href="/wiki/Nabataeans_of_Iraq" title="Nabataeans of Iraq">an-Nabaṭ</a> al-qadīm</i></span>] and venerate the stars".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is also a large corpus of texts by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wahshiyya" title="Ibn Wahshiyya">Ibn Wahshiyya</a> (died c. 930), most famously his <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean Agriculture">Nabataean Agriculture</a>, which describes at length the customs and beliefs — many of them going back to Mespotamian models — of Iraqi Sabians living in the <a href="/wiki/Sawad" title="Sawad">Sawād</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHämeen-Anttila200646–52_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHämeen-Anttila200646–52-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese theology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxing_at_Chinese_temple_in_Bangkok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sanxing_at_Chinese_temple_in_Bangkok.jpg/220px-Sanxing_at_Chinese_temple_in_Bangkok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sanxing_at_Chinese_temple_in_Bangkok.jpg/330px-Sanxing_at_Chinese_temple_in_Bangkok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sanxing_at_Chinese_temple_in_Bangkok.jpg/440px-Sanxing_at_Chinese_temple_in_Bangkok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4880" data-file-height="3376" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Sanxing</i> (Three Stars Gods) at a Chinese temple in Mongkok, Hong Kong</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Heaven worship</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_belief" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious belief">religious belief</a> that predates <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, but was later incorporated into both. <a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a> is the supreme unknowable god of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a>. Over time, namely following the conquests of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> who worshipped <a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a> (天<i> lit. "sky"</i>), Shangdi became synonymous with Tian, or Heaven. During the Zhou dynasty, Tian not only became synonymous with the physical sky but also embodied the divine will, representing the moral order of the universe. This evolution marked a shift from the earlier concept of Shangdi to a more abstract and universal principle that guided both natural and human affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1959-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Han dynasty the worship of Heaven would be highly ritualistic and require that the emperor hold official sacrifices and worship at an altar of Heaven, the most famous of which is the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüGong201471_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüGong201471-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYaoZhao2010155_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYaoZhao2010155-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heaven worship is closely linked with <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">ancestor veneration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>, as the ancestors and the gods are seen as a medium between Heaven and man. The <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor of China</a>, also known as the "<a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a>", derived the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">Mandate of Heaven</a>, and thus his legitimacy as ruler, from his supposed ability to commune with Heaven on behalf of his nation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFung2008163_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFung2008163-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüGong201465–66_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELüGong201465–66-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mandate was reinforced through celestial observations and rituals, as astrological phenomena were interpreted as omens reflecting the favor or disfavor of Heaven. The Emperor’s role was to perform the necessary rites to maintain harmony between Heaven and Earth, ensuring the prosperity of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959Schafer1977_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1959Schafer1977-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Star worship was widespread in Asia, especially in Mongolia<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeissig198082–4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeissig198082–4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and northern China, and also spread to Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYuLancaster198958_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuLancaster198958-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Edward Schafer, star worship was already established during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (202 BCE–220 CE), with the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Imperial_Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine Imperial Gods">Nine Imperial Gods</a> becoming star lords.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchafer1977221_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchafer1977221-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Big Dipper (Beidou) and the North Star (Polaris) were particularly significant in Chinese star worship. The Big Dipper was associated with cosmic order and governance, while the North Star was considered the throne of the celestial emperor. These stars played a crucial role in state rituals, where the Emperor’s ability to align these celestial forces with earthly governance was seen as essential to his legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1959-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This star worship, along with indigenous <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">medical practice</a>, formed one of the original bases of <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillman2010108_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillman2010108-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Sovereign" title="Heavenly Sovereign">Heavenly Sovereign</a> was identified with the <a href="/wiki/Big_Dipper" title="Big Dipper">Big Dipper</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="North Star">North Star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaster_of_Silent_Whistle_Studio2020211,_n.16_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaster_of_Silent_Whistle_Studio2020211,_n.16-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worship of Heaven in the southern suburb of the capital was initiated in 31 BCE and firmly established in the first century CE (Western Han).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu1990_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu1990-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Sanxing_(deities)" title="Sanxing (deities)">Sanxing</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">三星</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Three Stars') are the gods of the three stars or constellations considered essential in Chinese astrology and mythology: Jupiter, Ursa Major, and Sirius. <i>Fu</i>, <i>Lu</i>, and <i>Shou</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:福">福</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:祿">祿</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A3%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:壽">壽</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:福">福</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:禄">禄</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:寿">寿</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Fú Lù Shòu</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn">Fūk Luhk Sauh</span></i>), or <i>Cai</i>, <i>Zi</i> and <i>Shou</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">財子壽</span></span>) are also the embodiments of <i>Fortune</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fu_(character)" title="Fu (character)">Fu</a>), presiding over planet Jupiter, <i>Prosperity</i> (Lu), presiding over Ursa Major, and <i>Longevity</i> (<a href="/wiki/Shou_(character)" title="Shou (character)">Shou</a>), presiding over Sirius.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a> adopted Taoist Big Dipper worship, borrowing various texts and rituals which were then modified to conform with Buddhist practices and doctrines. The integration of Big Dipper worship into Buddhist practices highlights the adaptability of star worship in China, where it was syncretized with various religious traditions over time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1959-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cult of the Big Dipper was eventually absorbed into the cults of various Buddhist divinities, <a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Dken" title="Myōken">Myōken</a> being one of these.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrzechSørensenPayne2011238–239_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrzechSørensenPayne2011238–239-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Star worship was also practiced in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocking2006_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocking2006-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoto2020_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoto2020-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen2003_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen2003-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese star worship is largely based on Chinese cosmology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure201552_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure201552-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bernard Faure, "the <a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">cosmotheistic</a> nature of esoteric Buddhism provided an easy bridge for cultural translation between Indian and Chinese cosmologies, on the one hand, and between Indian astrology and local Japanese folk beliefs about the stars, on the other".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure201552_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure201552-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiba-jinja_Haupthalle_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chiba-jinja_Haupthalle_2.jpg/250px-Chiba-jinja_Haupthalle_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chiba-jinja_Haupthalle_2.jpg/330px-Chiba-jinja_Haupthalle_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chiba-jinja_Haupthalle_2.jpg/500px-Chiba-jinja_Haupthalle_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chiba_Shrine" title="Chiba Shrine">Chiba Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiba_(city)" title="Chiba (city)">Chiba City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba Prefecture</a>.<br />Originally an 11th-century Buddhist temple dedicated to Myōken, converted into a <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrine</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji period</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The cult of Myōken is thought to have been brought into Japan during the 7th century by immigrants (<i><a href="/wiki/Toraijin" title="Toraijin">toraijin</a></i>) from <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a>. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Emperor Tenji</a> (661–672), the <i>toraijin</i> were resettled in the easternmost parts of the country; as a result, Myōken worship spread throughout the eastern provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-Ensenji_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ensenji-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">pole star</a> worship had become widespread enough that imperial decrees banned it for the reason that it involved "mingling of men and women", and thus caused ritual impurity. Pole star worship was also forbidden among the inhabitants of the capital and nearby areas when the imperial princess (<i><a href="/wiki/Sai%C5%8D" title="Saiō">Saiō</a></i>) made her way to <a href="/wiki/Ise_Grand_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ise Grand Shrine">Ise</a> to begin her service at the shrines. Nevertheless, the cult of the pole star left its mark on imperial rituals such as the <a href="/wiki/Enthronement_of_the_Japanese_emperor" title="Enthronement of the Japanese emperor">emperor's enthronement</a> and the worship of <a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">the imperial clan deity</a> at Ise Shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen200335–36,_164–167_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen200335–36,_164–167-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worship of the pole star was also practiced in <a href="/wiki/Onmy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Onmyōdō">Onmyōdō</a>, where it was deified as <i>Chintaku Reifujin</i> (鎮宅霊符神).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriday2017340_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriday2017340-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Myōken worship was particularly prevalent among clans based in eastern Japan (the modern <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō">Kantō</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōhoku">Tōhoku</a> regions), with the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a> <a href="/wiki/Taira_clan" title="Taira clan">Taira clan</a> (Kanmu Heishi) and their offshoots such as the <a href="/wiki/Chiba_clan" title="Chiba clan">Chiba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dma_clan" title="Sōma clan">Sōma</a> clans being among the deity's notable devotees. One legend claims that <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Masakado" title="Taira no Masakado">Taira no Masakado</a> was a devotee of Myōken, who aided him in his military exploits. When Masakado grew proud and arrogant, the deity withdrew his favor and instead aided Masakado's uncle <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%89%AF%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="ja:平良文">Yoshifumi</a>, the ancestor of the Chiba clan.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to his status as the Chiba clan's <i><a href="/wiki/Ujigami" title="Ujigami">ujigami</a></i> (guardian deity), temples and shrines dedicated to Myōken are particularly numerous in former Chiba territories.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Myōken worship is also prevalent in many <a href="/wiki/Nichiren-sh%C5%AB" title="Nichiren-shū">Nichiren-shū Buddhist</a> temples due to the clan's connections with the school's <a href="/wiki/Hokeky%C5%8D-ji_(Ichikawa)" title="Hokekyō-ji (Ichikawa)">Nakayama</a> lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_America">Indigenous America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indigenous America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Celestial objects hold a significant place within <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous American</a> cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBucko1998_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBucko1998-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValencius2013_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValencius2013-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> From the <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a> in North America to the <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a> in South America, the celestial realm was integrated into daily life. Stars served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_for_navigation" title="List of stars for navigation">navigation aids</a>, temporal markers, and <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_conduit" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual conduit">spiritual conduits</a>, illustrating their practical and sacred importance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBucko1998_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBucko1998-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2015_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2015-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heavenly bodies held spiritual wisdom. The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a>, revered in various cultures, symbolized diverse concepts such as <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_cycle" title="Agricultural cycle">agricultural cycles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor worship">ancestral spirits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpence1990_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpence1990-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North America, star worship was practiced by the <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota people</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeans2016_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeans2016-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodman2017_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodman2017-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELockett2018_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELockett2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Vere19987_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Vere19987-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Inca civilization engaged in star worship,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECobo199025–31_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECobo199025–31-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and associated constellations with deities and forces, while the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> represented a bridge between earthly and divine realms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2015_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2015-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indigenous American cultures encapsulate a holistic worldview that acknowledges the interplay of humanity, nature, and the cosmos. <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">Oral traditions</a> transmitted cosmic stories, infusing mythologies, songs, and ceremonies with cosmic significance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpence1990_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpence1990-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These narratives emphasized the belief that the celestial realm offered insights into origins and purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBucko1998_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBucko1998-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_contemporary_religions">In contemporary religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In contemporary religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this section be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> out into another article titled <i><a href="/wiki/Astrolatry" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrolatry">Astrolatry</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Talk:Worship of heavenly bodies">Discuss</a>) <small><i>(October 2024)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> contains repeated reference to astrolatry. Deuteronomy 4:19, 17:3 contains a stern warning against worshipping the Sun, Moon, stars or any of the <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">heavenly host</a>. Relapse into worshipping the host of heaven, i.e. the stars, is said to have been the cause of the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">kingdom of Judah</a> in II Kings 17:16. King <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a> in 621 BCE is recorded as having abolished all kinds of <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a> in Judah, but astrolatry was continued in private (Zeph. 1:5; Jer. 8:2, 19:13). <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (8:16) describes sun-worship practised in the court of the temple of Jerusalem, and Jeremiah (44:17) says that even after the destruction of the temple, women in particular insisted on continuing their worship of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven_(antiquity)" title="Queen of Heaven (antiquity)">"Queen of Heaven"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeligsohn1906_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeligsohn1906-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barabba_Eclisse_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Barabba_Eclisse_1961.jpg/220px-Barabba_Eclisse_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Barabba_Eclisse_1961.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>A scene of the film <i><a href="/wiki/Barabbas_(1961_film)" title="Barabbas (1961 film)">Barabbas</a></i> (1961) in which a total <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a> that occurred on <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_February_15,_1961" title="Solar eclipse of February 15, 1961">February 15, 1961</a>, was used to recreate the crucifixion darkness</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_darkness" title="Crucifixion darkness">Crucifixion darkness</a> is an episode described in three of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">canonical gospels</a> in which the sky becomes dark during the day, during the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion of Jesus</a> as a sign of his divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> criticized sun- and star-worship in <i>De Vera Religione</i> (37.68) and <i>De civitate Dei</i> (5.1–8). Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a> also denounced astrolatry and the cult of <i><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a></i>, which he contrasted with the Christian nativity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> holds a significant place in the context of Christian astrology. His birth is associated with an astronomical event, symbolized by the star of the king of the Jews. This event played a role in heralding his arrival and was considered a sign of his divine nature. The belief in <a href="/wiki/Jesus_as_the_Messiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus as the Messiah">Jesus as the Messiah</a>, the anointed one, drew upon astrological concepts and symbolism. The incorporation of cosmological elements into the narrative of Jesus' life and divinity contributed to the development and interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenberg1972_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg1972-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Jinn-King_of_Tuesday.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Red_Jinn-King_of_Tuesday.png/220px-Red_Jinn-King_of_Tuesday.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Red_Jinn-King_of_Tuesday.png 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>The red prince of the demons, al-Ahmar, one of the Seven demon-princes in the late 14th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wonders" title="Book of Wonders">Book of Wonders</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Worship of heavenly bodies is in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> tradition strongly associated with <a href="/wiki/Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a> who allegedly stated that God created the planets as the rulers of this world and thus deserve worship.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the planetary worship was linked to devils (<i>shayāṭīn</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ma%27shar_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi">abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi</a> reported that the planets are considered angelic spirits at the service of God.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree2002_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree2002-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He refutes the notion that astrology is based on the interference of demons or "guesswork" and established the study of the planets as a form of natural sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201514_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201514-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By building a naturalistic connection between the planets and their earthly influence, abu Marsha saved astrology from accusations of devil-worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201527_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201527-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such ideas were universally shared, for example, <a href="/wiki/Mashallah_ibn_Athari" title="Mashallah ibn Athari">Mashallah ibn Athari</a> denied any physical or magical influence on the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201516_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201516-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abu Ma‘shar further describes the planets as sentient bodies, endowed with spirit (<i>rūḥ</i>) rather than mechanical entities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201519_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201519-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they would remain in complete obedience to God and act only with God's permission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201519_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201519-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astrology was usually considered through the lens of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenistic philosophy</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Neo-Platonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Platonism">Neo-Platonism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a>. As the spiritual powers allegedly emanating from the planets are explained to derive from the <i><a href="/wiki/Anima_mundi" title="Anima mundi">Anima mundi</a></i>, the writings clearly distanced them from demonic entities such as <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinn</a> and devils.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201540_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201540-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a later stage, the planetary spirits have been identified with the angels and demons. The idea of seven demon-kings developed under influence of Hellenistic astrological sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavage-Smith202125_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavage-Smith202125-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wonders" title="Book of Wonders">Kitāb al-Bulhān</a></i>, higher spirits (<i>rūḥāiya ulia</i>) are depicted as angels and lower spirits (<i>rūḥāiya sufula</i>) as demons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMommersteeg1988_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMommersteeg1988-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, invocation of such entities would work only by permission of God. Permission granted by the angels is supposed to be required in order to receive command over the demon or jinn. A common structure around the spiritual entities and the days of the week goes as follows: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Associations </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Planet </th> <th rowspan="2">Day </th> <th rowspan="2">Angel that monitors the associated <i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit" title="Ifrit">‘Afārīt</a></i> <p>(Arabic; Hebrew equivalent) </p> </th> <th colspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit" title="Ifrit">‘Afārīt</a></i> </th> <th rowspan="2">Type of madness (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جُنُون</span></span>, <i>junūn</i>) and parts of the body attacked </th> <th rowspan="2">Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <th>Common name </th> <th>Known other names </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sun </td> <td>Sunday </td> <td>Ruqya'il (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">روقيائيل</span></span>); <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a> (רפאל) </td> <td><b>Al-Mudhdhahab/ Al-Mudhhib/ Al-Mudhhab</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المذهب</span></span>; The Golden One) </td> <td>Abu 'Abdallah Sa'id </td> <td> </td> <td>the name "<i>Al-Mudh·dhahab</i>" refers to the jinn's skin tone. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moon </td> <td>Monday </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jibril" class="mw-redirect" title="Jibril">Jibril</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جبريل</span></span>); <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> (גבריאל) </td> <td><b>Al-Abyaḍ</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الابيض</span></span>; The White One) </td> <td>Murrah al-Abyad Abu al-Harith; Abu an-Nur </td> <td>Whole body </td> <td>the name "<i>Al-Abyaḍ</i>" refers to the jinn's skin tone, however he is portrayed as a "dark black, charcoal" figure. The possible connection of this name is with another name <i>"Abū an-Nūr"</i> ("Father of Light"); his names are the same as whose applied to <i><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mars </td> <td>Tuesday </td> <td>Samsama'il (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سمسمائيل</span></span>); <a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a> (סמאל) </td> <td><b>Al-Aḥmar</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الاحمر</span></span>; The Red One) </td> <td>Abu Mihriz; Abu Ya'qub </td> <td>Head, uterus </td> <td>the name "<i>Al-Aḥmar</i>" refers to the jinn's skin tone. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mercury </td> <td>Wednesday </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikail" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikail">Mikail</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ميكائيل</span></span>); <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a> (מיכאל) </td> <td><b>Būrqān/ Borqaan</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بورقان</span></span>; Two Thunders) </td> <td>Abu al-'Adja'yb; Al-Aswad </td> <td>Back </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jupiter </td> <td>Thursday </td> <td>Sarfya'il (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صرفيائيل</span></span>); <a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a> (צדקיאל) </td> <td><b>Shamhuresh</b> (شمهورش) </td> <td>Abu al-Walid; At-Tayyar </td> <td>Belly </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Venus </td> <td>Friday </td> <td>'Anya'il (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عنيائيل</span></span>); <a href="/wiki/Anael" class="mw-redirect" title="Anael">Anael</a> (ענאל) </td> <td><b>Zawba'ah</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">زوبعة</span></span>; Cyclone, Whirlwind) </td> <td>Abu Hassan </td> <td> </td> <td>It is said the "whirlwind" (<i>zawba'ah</i>), to be caused by an evil jinn which travels inside it. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saturn </td> <td>Saturday </td> <td>Kasfa'il (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كسفيائيل</span></span>); <a href="/wiki/Cassiel" title="Cassiel">Cassiel</a> (קפציאל) </td> <td><b>Maymun</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ميمون</span></span>; Prosperous) </td> <td>Abu Nuh </td> <td>Feet </td> <td>His name means "<a href="/wiki/Monkey" title="Monkey">monkey</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarboni201327–28_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarboni201327–28-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archeoastronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeoastronomy">Archeoastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astraea (mythology)">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_and_religion" title="Astronomy and religion">Astronomy and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_age" title="Astrological age">Astrological age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrotheology" title="Astrotheology">Astrotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behenian_fixed_star" title="Behenian fixed star">Behenian fixed star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decan" title="Decan">Decan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosphorus">Eosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">History of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_astronomy" title="History of astronomy">History of astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_station" title="Lunar station">Lunar station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_theology" title="Natural theology">Natural theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(religion)" title="Pantheon (religion)">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets in astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades_in_folklore_and_literature" title="Pleiades in folklore and literature">Pleiades in folklore and literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_cosmology" title="Religious cosmology">Religious cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_stars" title="Royal stars">Royal stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_heavens" title="Seven heavens">Seven heavens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_compass_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidereal compass rose">Sidereal compass rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_astrology" title="Stars in astrology">Stars in astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_father" title="Sky father">Sky father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_people_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Star people (disambiguation)">Star people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stellar_deities" title="Category:Stellar deities">Stellar deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Venusian_deities" title="Category:Venusian deities">Venusian deities</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the Sabians of Harran, see further <a href="#CITEREFDozyde_Goeje1884">Dozy & de Goeje (1884)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMargoliouth1913">Margoliouth (1913)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTardieu1986">Tardieu (1986)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTardieu1987">Tardieu (1987)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPeters1990">Peters (1990)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGreen1992">Green (1992)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFahd1960–2007">Fahd (1960–2007)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStrohmaier1996">Strohmaier (1996)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGenequand1999">Genequand (1999)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFElukin2002">Elukin (2002)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStroumsa2004">Stroumsa (2004)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDe_Smet2010">De Smet (2010)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-c099-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c099_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWinkler2022" class="citation web cs1">Winkler, Elizabeth (2022-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-struggle-to-unearth-the-worlds-first-author">"The Struggle to Unearth the World's First Author"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Struggle+to+Unearth+the+World%E2%80%99s+First+Author&rft.date=2022-11-19&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fthe-struggle-to-unearth-the-worlds-first-author&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackGreen1992-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BlackGreen1992_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>BlackGreen1992</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESayce1913237ff-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESayce1913237ff_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSayce1913">Sayce (1913)</a>, pp. 237ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimReiner1977-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOppenheimReiner1977_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOppenheimReiner1977">Oppenheim & Reiner (1977)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooley2011287-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooley2011287_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooley2011">Cooley (2011)</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu20184,_12,_178-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu20184,_12,_178_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2018">Beaulieu (2018)</a>, pp. 4, 12, 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200312-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200312_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson (2003)</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen1997Richter2004-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen1997Richter2004_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen1997">Allen (1997)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRichter2004">Richter (2004)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200390-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200390_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson (2003)</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2005Assmann2001-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2005Assmann2001_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2005">Allen (2005)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFAssmann2001">Assmann (2001)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200391-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200391_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200391_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson (2003)</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2001-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2001_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford2001">Redford (2001)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichter2004Krauss1997-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichter2004Krauss1997_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichter2004">Richter (2004)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFKrauss1997">Krauss (1997)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill2016-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill2016_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill2016">Hill (2016)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003167-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003167_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003167_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson (2003)</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003211-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003211_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson (2003)</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003127-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003127_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson (2003)</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003168-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003168_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson (2003)</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERitner1993-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitner1993_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRitner1993">Ritner (1993)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpence2000Belmonte2001-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpence2000Belmonte2001_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpence2000">Spence (2000)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBelmonte2001">Belmonte (2001)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the Sabians generally, see <a href="#CITEREFDe_Blois1960–2007">De Blois (1960–2007)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDe_Blois2004">De Blois (2004)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFahd1960–2007">Fahd (1960–2007)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2009">Van Bladel (2009)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Blois1960–2007-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Blois1960–2007_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Blois1960–2007">De Blois (1960–2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200968;_cf._p._70-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200968;_cf._p._70_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2009">Van Bladel (2009)</a>, p. 68; cf. p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2009">Van Bladel (2009)</a>, p. 65. A genealogical table of Thabit ibn Qurra's family is given by <a href="#CITEREFDe_Blois1960–2007">De Blois (1960–2007)</a>. On some of his descendants, see <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2017">Roberts (2017)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHjärpe1972">Hjärpe (1972)</a> (as cited by <a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2009">Van Bladel (2009)</a>, pp. 68–69).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200965–66-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200965–66_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2009">Van Bladel (2009)</a>, pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200970-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel200970_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2009">Van Bladel (2009)</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2017">Van Bladel (2017)</a>, pp. 14, 71. On the Mesopotamian Marshes in the early Islamic period, see pp. 60–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2017">Van Bladel (2017)</a>, p. 71. According to Van Bladel there were two other groups, the third one being <a href="/wiki/Elchasaites" class="mw-redirect" title="Elchasaites">Elchasaites</a>, whom other scholars see as Mandaeans.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel201771–72-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bladel201771–72_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2017">Van Bladel (2017)</a>, pp. 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translation by <a href="#CITEREFVan_Bladel2017">Van Bladel (2017)</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHämeen-Anttila200646–52-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHämeen-Anttila200646–52_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHämeen-Anttila2006">Hämeen-Anttila (2006)</a>, pp. 46–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1959-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1959">Needham (1959)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELüGong201471-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüGong201471_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLüGong2014">Lü & Gong (2014)</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYaoZhao2010155-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYaoZhao2010155_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYaoZhao2010">Yao & Zhao (2010)</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFung2008163-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFung2008163_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFung2008">Fung (2008)</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELüGong201465–66-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELüGong201465–66_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLüGong2014">Lü & Gong (2014)</a>, pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1959Schafer1977-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1959Schafer1977_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1959">Needham (1959)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSchafer1977">Schafer (1977)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeissig198082–4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeissig198082–4_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeissig1980">Heissig (1980)</a>, pp. 82–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuLancaster198958-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYuLancaster198958_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYuLancaster1989">Yu & Lancaster (1989)</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchafer1977221-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchafer1977221_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchafer1977">Schafer (1977)</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillman2010108-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillman2010108_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGillman2010">Gillman (2010)</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaster_of_Silent_Whistle_Studio2020211,_n.16-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaster_of_Silent_Whistle_Studio2020211,_n.16_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaster_of_Silent_Whistle_Studio2020">Master of Silent Whistle Studio (2020)</a>, p. 211, n.16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu1990-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu1990_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiu1990">Liu (1990)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gb.taoism.org.hk/taoist-immortal/pg3-6-2.htm">福禄寿星</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060722200050/http://www.gb.taoism.org.hk/taoist-immortal/pg3-6-2.htm">Archived</a> 2006-07-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. British Taoist Association.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrzechSørensenPayne2011238–239-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrzechSørensenPayne2011238–239_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrzechSørensenPayne2011">Orzech, Sørensen & Payne (2011)</a>, pp. 238–239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocking2006-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocking2006_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocking2006">Bocking (2006)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoto2020-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoto2020_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoto2020">Goto (2020)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen2003-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen2003_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRambelliTeeuwen2003">Rambelli & Teeuwen (2003)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaure201552-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure201552_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaure201552_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaure2015">Faure (2015)</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ensenji-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ensenji_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ensenji.or.jp/contents/category/believe/#post-1517">"妙見菩薩と妙見信仰"</a>. <i>梅松山円泉寺</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%A2%85%E6%9D%BE%E5%B1%B1%E5%86%86%E6%B3%89%E5%AF%BA&rft.atitle=%E5%A6%99%E8%A6%8B%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E3%81%A8%E5%A6%99%E8%A6%8B%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ensenji.or.jp%2Fcontents%2Fcategory%2Fbelieve%2F%23post-1517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen200335–36,_164–167-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERambelliTeeuwen200335–36,_164–167_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRambelliTeeuwen2003">Rambelli & Teeuwen (2003)</a>, pp. 35–36, 164–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriday2017340-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriday2017340_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriday2017">Friday (2017)</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lares.dti.ne.jp/hisadome/honji/files/CHIBA.html">"千葉神社"</a>. <i>本地垂迹資料便覧</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9E%82%E8%BF%B9%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E4%BE%BF%E8%A6%A7&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lares.dti.ne.jp%2Fhisadome%2Fhonji%2Ffiles%2FCHIBA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city.chiba.jp/sogoseisaku/sogoseisaku/identitysuishin/chiba-myouken.html">"千葉氏と北辰（妙見）信仰"</a>. <i>Chiba City Official Website</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chiba+City+Official+Website&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E6%B0%8F%E3%81%A8%E5%8C%97%E8%BE%B0%EF%BC%88%E5%A6%99%E8%A6%8B%EF%BC%89%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.chiba.jp%2Fsogoseisaku%2Fsogoseisaku%2Fidentitysuishin%2Fchiba-myouken.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.honkouji.com/butsujin/myoukenbosatsu">"妙見菩薩「開運大野妙見大菩薩」"</a>. <i>日蓮宗法華道場光胤山本光寺</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%97%A5%E8%93%AE%E5%AE%97+%E6%B3%95%E8%8F%AF%E9%81%93%E5%A0%B4+%E5%85%89%E8%83%A4%E5%B1%B1+%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%89%E5%AF%BA&rft.atitle=%E5%A6%99%E8%A6%8B%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E3%80%8C%E9%96%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8E%E5%A6%99%E8%A6%8B%E5%A4%A7%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E3%80%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.honkouji.com%2Fbutsujin%2Fmyoukenbosatsu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBucko1998-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBucko1998_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBucko1998_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBucko1998_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBucko1998">Bucko (1998)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEValencius2013-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValencius2013_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFValencius2013">Valencius (2013)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2015-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2015_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2015_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2015">Jones (2015)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpence1990-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpence1990_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpence1990_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpence1990">Spence (1990)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeans2016-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeans2016_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeans2016">Means (2016)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodman2017-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodman2017_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodman2017">Goodman (2017)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELockett2018-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELockett2018_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLockett2018">Lockett (2018)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Vere19987-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Vere19987_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Vere1998">La Vere (1998)</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECobo199025–31-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECobo199025–31_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCobo1990">Cobo (1990)</a>, pp. 25–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeligsohn1906-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeligsohn1906_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeligsohn1906">Seligsohn (1906)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew 27:45; Mark 15:33; Luke 23:44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg1972-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenberg1972_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosenberg1972">Rosenberg (1972)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlmutlaq2023" class="citation journal cs1">Almutlaq, Khalid M. (2023). "The Sabian doctrine in the Interpretations of the interpreters of the Qur'an". <i>Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences</i>. <b>10</b> (3S): <span class="nowrap">32–</span>40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Survey+in+Fisheries+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Sabian+doctrine+in+the+Interpretations+of+the+interpreters+of+the+Qur%27an&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3S&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Almutlaq&rft.aufirst=Khalid+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMazuz2012" class="citation book cs1">Mazuz, Haggai (2012). "The Identity of the Sabians: Some Insights". In Schwartz, D.; Jospe, R. (eds.). <i>Jewish Philosophy: Perspectives and Retrospectives</i>. p. 251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Identity+of+the+Sabians%3A+Some+Insights&rft.btitle=Jewish+Philosophy%3A+Perspectives+and+Retrospectives&rft.pages=251&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Mazuz&rft.aufirst=Haggai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (August 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree2002-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree2002_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPingree2002">Pingree (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201514-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201514_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaif2015">Saif (2015)</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201527-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201527_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaif2015">Saif (2015)</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201516-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201516_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaif2015">Saif (2015)</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201519-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201519_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201519_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaif2015">Saif (2015)</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaif201540-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaif201540_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaif2015">Saif (2015)</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESavage-Smith202125-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavage-Smith202125_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSavage-Smith2021">Savage-Smith (2021)</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMommersteeg1988-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMommersteeg1988_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMommersteeg1988">Mommersteeg (1988)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarboni201327–28-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarboni201327–28_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarboni2013">Carboni (2013)</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen1997" class="citation book cs1">Allen, James P. (1997). <i>Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Language+and+Culture+of+Hieroglyphs&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen2005" class="citation book cs1">Allen, James P. (2005). <i>The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts</i>. Society of Biblical Literature.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Egyptian+Pyramid+Texts&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAssmann2001" class="citation book cs1">Assmann, Jan (2001). <i>The Search for God in Ancient Egypt</i>. Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Search+for+God+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Assmann&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeaulieu2018" class="citation book cs1">Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). <i>A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75</i>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405188999" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405188999"><bdi>978-1405188999</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Babylon%2C+2200+BC+-+AD+75&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1405188999&rft.aulast=Beaulieu&rft.aufirst=Paul-Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelmonte2001" class="citation journal cs1">Belmonte, Juan Antonio (2001). "On the Orientation of Old Kingdom Egyptian Pyramids". <i>Archaeoastronomy</i>. <b>26</b>: <span class="nowrap">S1 –</span> <span class="nowrap">S20</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JHAS...32....1B">2001JHAS...32....1B</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeoastronomy&rft.atitle=On+the+Orientation+of+Old+Kingdom+Egyptian+Pyramids&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES1+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3ES20%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001JHAS...32....1B&rft.aulast=Belmonte&rft.aufirst=Juan+Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBocking2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bocking, B. (2006). Dolce, Lucia (ed.). "The Worship of Stars in Japanese Religious Practice". <i>Special Double Issue of Culture and Cosmos: A Journal of the History of Astrology and Cultural Astronomy</i>. <b>10</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2). Bristol: Culture and Cosmos. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X09000421">10.1017/S0041977X09000421</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1368-6534">1368-6534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Double+Issue+of+Culture+and+Cosmos%3A+A+Journal+of+the+History+of+Astrology+and+Cultural+Astronomy&rft.atitle=The+Worship+of+Stars+in+Japanese+Religious+Practice&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X09000421&rft.issn=1368-6534&rft.aulast=Bocking&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBogdan2008" class="citation book cs1">Bogdan, Henrik (2008). <i>Western Esotericism and Rituals of Initiation</i>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7070-1"><bdi>978-0-7914-7070-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Esotericism+and+Rituals+of+Initiation&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-7070-1&rft.aulast=Bogdan&rft.aufirst=Henrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBucko1998" class="citation book cs1">Bucko, Raymond A. (1998). <i>The Lakota Ritual of the Sweat Lodge: History and Contemporary Practice</i>. University of Nebraska Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lakota+Ritual+of+the+Sweat+Lodge%3A+History+and+Contemporary+Practice&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Bucko&rft.aufirst=Raymond+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarboni2013" class="citation journal cs1">Carboni, Stefano (2013). "The <i>Book of Surprises</i> (<i>Kitab al-Buhlan</i>) of the Bodleian Library". <i>The La Trobe Journal</i>. <b>91</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+La+Trobe+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Surprises+%28Kitab+al-Buhlan%29+of+the+Bodleian+Library&rft.volume=91&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Carboni&rft.aufirst=Stefano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChurton2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Churton" title="Tobias Churton">Churton, Tobias</a> (2005). <i>Gnostic Philosophy: From Ancient Persia to Modern Times</i>. Inner Traditions/Bear. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59477-767-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59477-767-7"><bdi>978-1-59477-767-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gnostic+Philosophy%3A+From+Ancient+Persia+to+Modern+Times&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions%2FBear&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59477-767-7&rft.aulast=Churton&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCobo1990" class="citation book cs1">Cobo, Father Berrnabe (1990). Hamilton, Roland (ed.). <i>Inca Religion and Customs</i>. Translated by Roland Hamilton. Austin: University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0292738546" title="Special:BookSources/978-0292738546"><bdi>978-0292738546</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inca+Religion+and+Customs&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0292738546&rft.aulast=Cobo&rft.aufirst=Father+Berrnabe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooley2011" class="citation journal cs1">Cooley, J. L. (2011). "Astral Religion in Ugarit and Ancient Israel". <i>Journal of Near Eastern Studies</i>. <b>70</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">281–</span>287. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F661037">10.1086/661037</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164128277">164128277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Near+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Astral+Religion+in+Ugarit+and+Ancient+Israel&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E281-%3C%2Fspan%3E287&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F661037&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164128277%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cooley&rft.aufirst=J.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley, Aleister</a> (1969). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="The Confessions of Aleister Crowley">The Confessions of Aleister Crowley</a></i>. Hill and Wang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-80903-591-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-80903-591-X"><bdi>0-80903-591-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Confessions+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-80903-591-X&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1976" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Aleister (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookoflawtechnic00crow/"><i>The Book of the Law: Liber AL vel Legis</i></a></span>. York Beach, Maine: Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87728-334-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87728-334-8"><bdi>978-0-87728-334-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Law%3A+Liber+AL+vel+Legis&rft.place=York+Beach%2C+Maine&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-87728-334-8&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookoflawtechnic00crow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1991" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Aleister (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox_of_the_Gods" title="The Equinox of the Gods">The Equinox of the Gods</a></i>. United States: New Falcon Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56184-028-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56184-028-9"><bdi>1-56184-028-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Equinox+of+the+Gods&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=New+Falcon+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-56184-028-9&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1997" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Aleister (1997). <a href="/wiki/Magick_(Book_4)" title="Magick (Book 4)"><i>Magick: Liber ABA, Book 4, Parts I-IV</i></a> (2nd rev. ed.). Boston: Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87728-919-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87728-919-0"><bdi>0-87728-919-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magick%3A+Liber+ABA%2C+Book+4%2C+Parts+I-IV&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=2nd+rev.&rft.pub=Weiser&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-87728-919-0&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Blois1960–2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">De Blois, François (1960–2007). "Ṣābiʾ". In <a href="/wiki/Peri_Bearman" title="Peri Bearman">Bearman, P.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bianquis" title="Thierry Bianquis">Bianquis, Th.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">Bosworth, C.E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W.P.</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0952">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B9%A2%C4%81bi%CA%BE&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&rft.date=1960%2F2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0952&rft.aulast=De+Blois&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Blois2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">De Blois, François (2004). "Sabians". In <a href="/wiki/Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe" title="Jane Dammen McAuliffe">McAuliffe, Jane Dammen</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00362">10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sabians&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00362&rft.aulast=De+Blois&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Smet2010" class="citation journal cs1">De Smet, Daniel (2010). "Le Platon arabe et les Sabéens de Ḥarrān. La 'voie diffuse' de la transmission du platonisme en terre d'Islam". <i>Res Antiquae</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">73–</span>86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87457-034-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87457-034-6"><bdi>978-2-87457-034-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Res+Antiquae&rft.atitle=Le+Platon+arabe+et+les+Sab%C3%A9ens+de+%E1%B8%A4arr%C4%81n.+La+%27voie+diffuse%27+de+la+transmission+du+platonisme+en+terre+d%27Islam&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E86&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-87457-034-6&rft.aulast=De+Smet&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDjurdjevic2012" class="citation book cs1">Djurdjevic, Gordan (2012). "The Great Beast as a Tantric Hero". In Bogdan, Henrik; Starr, Martin P. (eds.). <i>Aleister Crowley and Western Esotericism</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">107–</span>140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-986309-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-986309-9"><bdi>978-0-19-986309-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Great+Beast+as+a+Tantric+Hero&rft.btitle=Aleister+Crowley+and+Western+Esotericism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-986309-9&rft.aulast=Djurdjevic&rft.aufirst=Gordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDozyde_Goeje1884" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reinhart_Dozy" title="Reinhart Dozy">Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jan_de_Goeje" title="Michael Jan de Goeje">de Goeje, Michael Jean</a> (1884). "Mémoire posthume de M. Dozy: contenant de Nouveaux documents pour l'étude de la religion des Harraniens, achevé par M. J. de Goeje". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/content/titleinfo/807792"><i>Travaux de la 6e session du Congrès international des Orientalistes à Leide</i></a>. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">283–</span>366. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935749094">935749094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9moire+posthume+de+M.+Dozy%3A+contenant+de+Nouveaux+documents+pour+l%27%C3%A9tude+de+la+religion+des+Harraniens%2C+achev%C3%A9+par+M.+J.+de+Goeje&rft.btitle=Travaux+de+la+6e+session+du+Congr%C3%A8s+international+des+Orientalistes+%C3%A0+Leide&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E366&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1884&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935749094&rft.aulast=Dozy&rft.aufirst=Reinhart+Pieter+Anne&rft.au=de+Goeje%2C+Michael+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmenadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de%2Fcontent%2Ftitleinfo%2F807792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuQuette2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lon_Milo_DuQuette" title="Lon Milo DuQuette">DuQuette, Lon Milo</a> (2003). <i>The Magick of Aleister Crowley: A Handbook of Rituals of Thelema</i>. San Francisco and Newburyport: Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57863-299-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57863-299-4"><bdi>1-57863-299-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magick+of+Aleister+Crowley%3A+A+Handbook+of+Rituals+of+Thelema&rft.place=San+Francisco+and+Newburyport&rft.pub=Weiser&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-57863-299-4&rft.aulast=DuQuette&rft.aufirst=Lon+Milo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElukin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Elukin, Jonathan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=facpub">"Maimonides and the Rise and Fall of the Sabians: Explaining Mosaic Laws and the Limits of Scholarship"</a>. <i>Journal of the History of Ideas</i>. <b>63</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">619–</span>637. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3654163">10.2307/3654163</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3654163">3654163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=Maimonides+and+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Sabians%3A+Explaining+Mosaic+Laws+and+the+Limits+of+Scholarship&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E619-%3C%2Fspan%3E637&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3654163&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3654163%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Elukin&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalrepository.trincoll.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1022%26context%3Dfacpub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFahd1960–2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fahd, Toufic (1960–2007). "Ṣābiʾa". In <a href="/wiki/Peri_Bearman" title="Peri Bearman">Bearman, P.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bianquis" title="Thierry Bianquis">Bianquis, Th.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">Bosworth, C.E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W.P.</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0953">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B9%A2%C4%81bi%CA%BEa&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&rft.date=1960%2F2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0953&rft.aulast=Fahd&rft.aufirst=Toufic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaure2015" class="citation book cs1">Faure, B. (2015). <i>The Fluid Pantheon: Gods of Medieval Japan</i>. Vol. 1. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824857028" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824857028"><bdi>978-0824857028</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fluid+Pantheon%3A+Gods+of+Medieval+Japan&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0824857028&rft.aulast=Faure&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriday2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friday" title="Karl Friday">Friday, Karl F.</a>, ed. (2017). <i>Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351692021" title="Special:BookSources/9781351692021"><bdi>9781351692021</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Premodern+Japanese+History&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351692021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFung2008" class="citation book cs1">Fung, Yiu-ming (2008). "Problematizing Contemporary Confucianism in East Asia". In Richey, Jeffrey (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8vSE2lN0H4C"><i>Teaching Confucianism</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198042563" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198042563"><bdi>978-0198042563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Problematizing+Contemporary+Confucianism+in+East+Asia&rft.btitle=Teaching+Confucianism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0198042563&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=Yiu-ming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8vSE2lN0H4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGenequand1999" class="citation journal cs1">Genequand, Charles (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1596088">"Idolâtrie, astrolâtrie, et sabéisme"</a>. <i>Studia Islamica</i>. <b>89</b> (89): <span class="nowrap">109–</span>128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1596088">10.2307/1596088</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1596088">1596088</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Islamica&rft.atitle=Idol%C3%A2trie%2C+astrol%C3%A2trie%2C+et+sab%C3%A9isme&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=89&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E128&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1596088&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1596088%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Genequand&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1596088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGillman2010" class="citation book cs1">Gillman, D. (2010). <i>The Idea of Cultural Heritage</i>. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521192552" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521192552"><bdi>978-0521192552</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Idea+of+Cultural+Heritage&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0521192552&rft.aulast=Gillman&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2017" class="citation book cs1">Goodman, R. (2017). <i>Lakota Star Knowledge: Studies in Lakota Stellar Theology</i>. SGU Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0998950501" title="Special:BookSources/978-0998950501"><bdi>978-0998950501</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lakota+Star+Knowledge%3A+Studies+in+Lakota+Stellar+Theology&rft.pub=SGU+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0998950501&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Goodrick-Clarke" title="Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke">Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas</a> (2008). <i>The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971756-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971756-9"><bdi>978-0-19-971756-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Western+Esoteric+Traditions%3A+A+Historical+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-971756-9&rft.aulast=Goodrick-Clarke&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoto2020" class="citation book cs1">Goto, Akira (2020). <i>Cultural Astronomy of the Japanese Archipelago: Exploring the Japanese Skyscape</i>. United Kingdom: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0367407988" title="Special:BookSources/978-0367407988"><bdi>978-0367407988</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Astronomy+of+the+Japanese+Archipelago%3A+Exploring+the+Japanese+Skyscape&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0367407988&rft.aulast=Goto&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreen1992" class="citation book cs1">Green, Tamara M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/1320"><i>The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran</i></a>. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 114. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09513-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09513-7"><bdi>978-90-04-09513-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City+of+the+Moon+God%3A+Religious+Traditions+of+Harran&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Religions+in+the+Graeco-Roman+World&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09513-7&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Tamara+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F1320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHämeen-Anttila2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jaakko_H%C3%A4meen-Anttila" title="Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila">Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXjXAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Last Pagans of Iraq: Ibn Waḥshiyya and His Nabatean Agriculture</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15010-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15010-2"><bdi>978-90-04-15010-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Pagans+of+Iraq%3A+Ibn+Wa%E1%B8%A5shiyya+and+His+Nabatean+Agriculture&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15010-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4meen-Anttila&rft.aufirst=Jaakko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqXjXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHedenborg-White2020" class="citation book cs1">Hedenborg-White, Manon (2020). "Double Toil and Gender Trouble: Performativity and Femininity in the Cauldron of Esotericism Research". In Asprem, Egil; Strube, Julian (eds.). <i>New Approaches to the Study of Esotericism</i>. Netherlands: Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">182–</span>200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-44645-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-44645-8"><bdi>978-90-04-44645-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Double+Toil+and+Gender+Trouble%3A+Performativity+and+Femininity+in+the+Cauldron+of+Esotericism+Research&rft.btitle=New+Approaches+to+the+Study+of+Esotericism&rft.place=Netherlands&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E182-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-04-44645-8&rft.aulast=Hedenborg-White&rft.aufirst=Manon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeissig1980" class="citation book cs1">Heissig, Walther (1980). <i>The Religions of Mongolia</i>. Translated by Geoffrey Samuel. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520038578" title="Special:BookSources/9780520038578"><bdi>9780520038578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religions+of+Mongolia&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780520038578&rft.aulast=Heissig&rft.aufirst=Walther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill2016" class="citation web cs1">Hill, J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/sopdet.html">"Sopdet"</a>. <i>Ancient Egypt Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Egypt+Online&rft.atitle=Sopdet&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientegyptonline.co.uk%2Fsopdet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHjärpe1972" class="citation thesis cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hj%C3%A4rpe" title="Jan Hjärpe">Hjärpe, Jan</a> (1972). <i>Analyse critique des traditions arabes sur les Sabéens harraniens</i> (PhD diss.). University of Uppsala.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Analyse+critique+des+traditions+arabes+sur+les+Sab%C3%A9ens+harraniens&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Hj%C3%A4rpe&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2015" class="citation book cs1">Jones, David M. (2015). <i>The Inca World: Ancient People & Places</i>. Thames & Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inca+World%3A+Ancient+People+%26+Places&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaczynski2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kaczynski" title="Richard Kaczynski">Kaczynski, Richard</a> (2012). <i>Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley</i> (rev. & exp. ed.). <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Books" title="North Atlantic Books">North Atlantic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58394-576-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58394-576-6"><bdi>978-1-58394-576-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perdurabo%3A+The+Life+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.edition=rev.+%26+exp.&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-58394-576-6&rft.aulast=Kaczynski&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrauss1997" class="citation journal cs1">Krauss, Rolf (1997). "Sothis and the Satet Temple on Elephantine: The Beginning of the Egyptian Calendar". <i>Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Egyptian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Sothis+and+the+Satet+Temple+on+Elephantine%3A+The+Beginning+of+the+Egyptian+Calendar&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLa_Vere1998" class="citation book cs1">La Vere, D. (1998). <i>Life Among the Texas Indians: The WPA Narratives</i>. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1603445528" title="Special:BookSources/978-1603445528"><bdi>978-1603445528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+Among+the+Texas+Indians%3A+The+WPA+Narratives&rft.place=College+Station&rft.pub=Texas+A+%26+M+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1603445528&rft.aulast=La+Vere&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLachman2014" class="citation book cs1">Lachman, Gary (2014). <i>Aleister Crowley: Magick, Rock and Roll, and the Wickedest Man in the World</i>. Penguin Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-698-14653-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-698-14653-2"><bdi>978-0-698-14653-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aleister+Crowley%3A+Magick%2C+Rock+and+Roll%2C+and+the+Wickedest+Man+in+the+World&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-698-14653-2&rft.aulast=Lachman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiu1990" class="citation book cs1">Liu, Kwang-ching (1990). "Socioethics as Orthodoxy". In Liu, Kwang-ching (ed.). <i>Orthodoxy In Late Imperial China</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-30187-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-30187-0"><bdi>978-0-520-30187-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Socioethics+as+Orthodoxy&rft.btitle=Orthodoxy+In+Late+Imperial+China&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E100&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-520-30187-0&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Kwang-ching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLockett2018" class="citation news cs1">Lockett, Chynna (October 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://listen.sdpb.org/arts-culture/2018-10-03/lakota-star-knowledge-milky-way-spirit-path">"Lakota Star Knowledge-Milky Way Spirit Path"</a>. <i>SDPB Radio</i>. South Dallas Public Broadcasting<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SDPB+Radio&rft.atitle=Lakota+Star+Knowledge-Milky+Way+Spirit+Path&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Lockett&rft.aufirst=Chynna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flisten.sdpb.org%2Farts-culture%2F2018-10-03%2Flakota-star-knowledge-milky-way-spirit-path&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLüGong2014" class="citation book cs1">Lü, Daji; Gong, Xuezeng (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6r0FAwAAQBAJ"><i>Marxism and Religion</i></a>. Religious Studies in Contemporary China. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9047428022" title="Special:BookSources/978-9047428022"><bdi>978-9047428022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marxism+and+Religion&rft.series=Religious+Studies+in+Contemporary+China&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9047428022&rft.aulast=L%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=Daji&rft.au=Gong%2C+Xuezeng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6r0FAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMargoliouth1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Samuel_Margoliouth" title="David Samuel Margoliouth">Margoliouth, D.S.</a> (1913). "Harranians". In <a href="/wiki/James_Hastings" title="James Hastings">Hastings, James</a>; Selbie, John A. (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics</i>. Vol. VI. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. pp. <span class="nowrap">519–</span>520. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4993011">4993011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harranians&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Religion+and+Ethics&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E519-%3C%2Fspan%3E520&rft.pub=T.+%26+T.+Clark&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4993011&rft.aulast=Margoliouth&rft.aufirst=D.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaster_of_Silent_Whistle_Studio2020" class="citation book cs1">Master of Silent Whistle Studio (2020). <i>Further Adventures on the Journey to the West</i>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0295747736" title="Special:BookSources/978-0295747736"><bdi>978-0295747736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Further+Adventures+on+the+Journey+to+the+West&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0295747736&rft.au=Master+of+Silent+Whistle+Studio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeans2016" class="citation news cs1">Means, Binesikwe (September 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalpressjournal.com/americas/tribal-nations/lakota-traditional-astronomy-key-cultures-past-future/">"For Lakota, Traditional Astronomy is Key to Their Culture's Past and Future"</a>. <i>Global Press Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Press+Journal&rft.atitle=For+Lakota%2C+Traditional+Astronomy+is+Key+to+Their+Culture%27s+Past+and+Future&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.aulast=Means&rft.aufirst=Binesikwe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalpressjournal.com%2Famericas%2Ftribal-nations%2Flakota-traditional-astronomy-key-cultures-past-future%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMommersteeg1988" class="citation journal cs1">Mommersteeg, Geert (1988). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'He Has Smitten Her to the Heart with Love': The Fabrication of an Islamic Love-Amulet in West Africa". <i>Anthropos</i>. <b>83</b> (4/6): <span class="nowrap">501–</span>510. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40463380">40463380</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropos&rft.atitle=%27He+Has+Smitten+Her+to+the+Heart+with+Love%27%3A+The+Fabrication+of+an+Islamic+Love-Amulet+in+West+Africa&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4%2F6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E501-%3C%2Fspan%3E510&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40463380%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mommersteeg&rft.aufirst=Geert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1959" class="citation book cs1">Needham, Joseph (1959). <i>Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959scc3.book.....N">1959scc3.book.....N</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilisation+in+China%3A+Volume+3%2C+Mathematics+and+the+Sciences+of+the+Heavens+and+the+Earth&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959scc3.book.....N&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOppenheimReiner1977" class="citation book cs1">Oppenheim, A. L.; Reiner, E. (1977). <i>Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226631875" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226631875"><bdi>978-0226631875</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Mesopotamia%3A+Portrait+of+a+Dead+Civilization&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0226631875&rft.aulast=Oppenheim&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft.au=Reiner%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrzechSørensenPayne2011" class="citation book cs1">Orzech, Charles; Sørensen, Henrik; Payne, Richard, eds. (2011). <i>Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004184916" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004184916"><bdi>978-9004184916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Esoteric+Buddhism+and+the+Tantras+in+East+Asia&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9004184916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPasi2021" class="citation book cs1">Pasi, Marco (2021). "Aleister Crowley and Islam". In Sedgwick, Mark; Piraino, Francesco (eds.). <i>Esoteric Transfers and Constructions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam</i>. Germany: Springer International Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">151–</span>194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-61788-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-61788-2"><bdi>978-3-030-61788-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aleister+Crowley+and+Islam&rft.btitle=Esoteric+Transfers+and+Constructions%3A+Judaism%2C+Christianity%2C+and+Islam&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E194&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-030-61788-2&rft.aulast=Pasi&rft.aufirst=Marco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeters1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Edward_Peters" title="Francis Edward Peters">Peters, Francis E.</a> (1990). "Hermes and Harran: The Roots of Arabic-Islamic Occultism". In Mazzaoui, M.; Moreen, V.B. (eds.). <i>Intellectual Studies on Islam: Essays Written in Honor of Martin B. Dickson</i>. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">185–</span>215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874803426" title="Special:BookSources/9780874803426"><bdi>9780874803426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hermes+and+Harran%3A+The+Roots+of+Arabic-Islamic+Occultism&rft.btitle=Intellectual+Studies+on+Islam%3A+Essays+Written+in+Honor+of+Martin+B.+Dickson&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E185-%3C%2Fspan%3E215&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780874803426&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPingree2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Pingree" title="David Pingree">Pingree, David</a> (2002). "The Ṣābians of Ḥarrān and the Classical Tradition". <i>International Journal of the Classical Tradition</i>. <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">8–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02901729">10.1007/BF02901729</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30224282">30224282</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170507750">170507750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Classical+Tradition&rft.atitle=The+%E1%B9%A2%C4%81bians+of+%E1%B8%A4arr%C4%81n+and+the+Classical+Tradition&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170507750%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30224282%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02901729&rft.aulast=Pingree&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRambelliTeeuwen2003" class="citation book cs1">Rambelli, Fabio; Teeuwen, Mark, eds. (2003). <i>Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku as a Combinatory Paradigm</i>. RoutledgeCurzon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415297479" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415297479"><bdi>978-0415297479</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhas+and+Kami+in+Japan%3A+Honji+Suijaku+as+a+Combinatory+Paradigm&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0415297479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRedford2001" class="citation book cs1">Redford, Donald B. (2001). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichter2004" class="citation book cs1">Richter, Barbara A. (2004). <i>The Theology of Hathor of Dendera: Aural and Visual Scribal Techniques in the Per-Wer Sanctuary</i>. Berkeley: University of California.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theology+of+Hathor+of+Dendera%3A+Aural+and+Visual+Scribal+Techniques+in+the+Per-Wer+Sanctuary&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRitner1993" class="citation book cs1">Ritner, Robert K. (1993). <i>The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice</i>. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. Vol. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mechanics+of+Ancient+Egyptian+Magical+Practice&rft.series=Studies+in+Ancient+Oriental+Civilization&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Ritner&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2017" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts, Alexandre M. (2017). "Being a Sabian at Court in Tenth-Century Baghdad". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>137</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">253–</span>277. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17613%2FM6GB8Z">10.17613/M6GB8Z</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Being+a+Sabian+at+Court+in+Tenth-Century+Baghdad&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E253-%3C%2Fspan%3E277&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17613%2FM6GB8Z&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Alexandre+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg1972" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, R. A. (1972). "The 'Star of the Messiah' Reconsidered". <i>Biblica</i>. <b>53</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">105–</span>109. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42609680">42609680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblica&rft.atitle=The+%27Star+of+the+Messiah%27+Reconsidered&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42609680%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaif2015" class="citation book cs1">Saif, Liana (2015). <i>The Arabic influences on early modern occult philosophy</i>. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabic+influences+on+early+modern+occult+philosophy&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Saif&rft.aufirst=Liana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSavage-Smith2021" class="citation book cs1">Savage-Smith, Emilie, ed. (2021). <i>Magic and Divination in Early Islam</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-92101-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-92101-5"><bdi>978-1-351-92101-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magic+and+Divination+in+Early+Islam&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-351-92101-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSayce1913" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Sayce" title="Archibald Sayce">Sayce, Archibald Henry</a> (1913). <i>The Religion of Ancient Egypt</i>. Adamant Media Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Adamant+Media+Corporation&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Sayce&rft.aufirst=Archibald+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1977" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, E. H. (1977). <i>Pacing the Void : Tʻang Approaches to the Stars</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520033443" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520033443"><bdi>978-0520033443</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacing+the+Void+%3A+T%CA%BBang+Approaches+to+the+Stars&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0520033443&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=E.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeligsohn1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Seligsohn, M. (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1042&letter=S">"Star-worship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i> – via jewishencyclopedia.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Star-worship&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Seligsohn&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D1042%26letter%3DS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShoemaker2024" class="citation book cs1">Shoemaker, David (2024). "The Worship of Nuit". <i>The Way of the Will: Thelema in Action</i>. Red Wheel/Weiser. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-826-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-826-0"><bdi>978-1-57863-826-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Worship+of+Nuit&rft.btitle=The+Way+of+the+Will%3A+Thelema+in+Action&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=Red+Wheel%2FWeiser&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-57863-826-0&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpence2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Spence, Kate (16 November 2000). "Ancient Egyptian chronology and the astronomical orientation of pyramids". <i>Nature</i>. 408(6810) (6810): <span class="nowrap">320–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Natur.408..320S">2000Natur.408..320S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35042510">10.1038/35042510</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099032">11099032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Ancient+Egyptian+chronology+and+the+astronomical+orientation+of+pyramids&rft.volume=408%286810%29&rft.issue=6810&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E320-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=2000-11-16&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11099032&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35042510&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000Natur.408..320S&rft.aulast=Spence&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpence1990" class="citation book cs1">Spence, Lewis (1990). <i>The Myths of Mexico and Peru</i>. Dover Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myths+of+Mexico+and+Peru&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Spence&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrohmaier1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Strohmaier" class="extiw" title="de:Gotthard Strohmaier">Strohmaier, Gotthard</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=So14Vip9xjsC&pg=PA51">"Die ḥarrānischen Sabier bei Ibn an-Nadīm und al-Bīrūnī"</a>. <i>Ibn an-Nadīm und die mittelalterliche arabische Literatur: Beiträge zum 1. Johann Wilhelm Fück-Kolloquium (Halle 1987)</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. <span class="nowrap">51–</span>56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447037457" title="Special:BookSources/9783447037457"><bdi>9783447037457</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/643711267">643711267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+%E1%B8%A5arr%C4%81nischen+Sabier+bei+Ibn+an-Nad%C4%ABm+und+al-B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Ibn+an-Nad%C4%ABm+und+die+mittelalterliche+arabische+Literatur%3A+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zum+1.+Johann+Wilhelm+F%C3%BCck-Kolloquium+%28Halle+1987%29&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F643711267&rft.isbn=9783447037457&rft.aulast=Strohmaier&rft.aufirst=Gotthard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSo14Vip9xjsC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Strohmaier, Gotthard (2003). <i>Hellas im Islam: Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Ikonographie, Wissenschaft und Religionsgeschichte</i>. Diskurse der Arabistik. Vol. 6. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. <span class="nowrap">167–</span>169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04637-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04637-4"><bdi>978-3-447-04637-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellas+im+Islam%3A+Interdisziplin%C3%A4re+Studien+zur+Ikonographie%2C+Wissenschaft+und+Religionsgeschichte&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.series=Diskurse+der+Arabistik&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E167-%3C%2Fspan%3E169&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-447-04637-4&rft.aulast=Strohmaier&rft.aufirst=Gotthard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStroumsa2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Stroumsa" title="Sarah Stroumsa">Stroumsa, Sarah</a> (2004). "Sabéens de Ḥarrān et Sabéens de Maïmonide". In <a href="/wiki/Tony_L%C3%A9vy" title="Tony Lévy">Lévy, Tony</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roshdi_Rashed" title="Roshdi Rashed">Rashed, Roshdi</a> (eds.). <i>Maïmonide: Philosophe et savant (1138–1204)</i>. Leuven: Peeters. pp. <span class="nowrap">335–</span>352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042914582" title="Special:BookSources/9789042914582"><bdi>9789042914582</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sab%C3%A9ens+de+%E1%B8%A4arr%C4%81n+et+Sab%C3%A9ens+de+Ma%C3%AFmonide&rft.btitle=Ma%C3%AFmonide%3A+Philosophe+et+savant+%281138%E2%80%931204%29&rft.place=Leuven&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E335-%3C%2Fspan%3E352&rft.pub=Peeters&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9789042914582&rft.aulast=Stroumsa&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTardieu1986" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Tardieu" title="Michel Tardieu">Tardieu, Michel</a> (1986). "Ṣābiens coraniques et 'Ṣābiens' de Ḥarrān". <i>Journal Asiatique</i>. <b>274</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2143%2FJA.274.1.2011565">10.2143/JA.274.1.2011565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+Asiatique&rft.atitle=%E1%B9%A2%C4%81biens+coraniques+et+%27%E1%B9%A2%C4%81biens%27+de+%E1%B8%A4arr%C4%81n&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2143%2FJA.274.1.2011565&rft.aulast=Tardieu&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTardieu1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Tardieu" title="Michel Tardieu">Tardieu, Michel</a> (1987). "Les calendriers en usage à Ḥarrān d'après les sources arabes et le commentaire de Simplicius à la Physique d'Aristote". In <a href="/wiki/Ilsetraut_Hadot" title="Ilsetraut Hadot">Hadot, Ilsetraut</a> (ed.). <i>Simplicius. Sa vie, son œuvre, sa survie</i>. Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. <span class="nowrap">40–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110862041.41">10.1515/9783110862041.41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110109245" title="Special:BookSources/9783110109245"><bdi>9783110109245</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Les+calendriers+en+usage+%C3%A0+%E1%B8%A4arr%C4%81n+d%E2%80%99apr%C3%A8s+les+sources+arabes+et+le+commentaire+de+Simplicius+%C3%A0+la+Physique+d%E2%80%99Aristote&rft.btitle=Simplicius.+Sa+vie%2C+son+%C5%93uvre%2C+sa+survie&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110862041.41&rft.isbn=9783110109245&rft.aulast=Tardieu&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFValencius2013" class="citation book cs1">Valencius, Conevery (2013). <i>The Lost History of the New Madrid Earthquakes</i>. University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+History+of+the+New+Madrid+Earthquakes&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Valencius&rft.aufirst=Conevery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Bladel2009" class="citation book cs1">Van Bladel, Kevin (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195376135.001.0001/acprof-9780195376135-chapter-3">"Hermes and the Ṣābians of Ḥarrān"</a>. <i>The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">64–</span>118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195376135.003.0003">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195376135.003.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537613-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537613-5"><bdi>978-0-19-537613-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hermes+and+the+%E1%B9%A2%C4%81bians+of+%E1%B8%A4arr%C4%81n&rft.btitle=The+Arabic+Hermes%3A+From+Pagan+Sage+to+Prophet+of+Science&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195376135.003.0003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-537613-5&rft.aulast=Van+Bladel&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxford.universitypressscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195376135.001.0001%2Facprof-9780195376135-chapter-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Bladel2017" class="citation book cs1">Van Bladel, Kevin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/34389"><i>From Sasanian Mandaeans to Ṣābians of the Marshes</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004339460">10.1163/9789004339460</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33943-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33943-9"><bdi>978-90-04-33943-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sasanian+Mandaeans+to+%E1%B9%A2%C4%81bians+of+the+Marshes&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004339460&rft.isbn=978-90-04-33943-9&rft.aulast=Van+Bladel&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F34389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Wilkinson" title="Richard H. Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Richard H.</a> (2003). "Sothis". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completegodsgodd00wilk_0/page/167"><i>The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt</i></a></span>. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completegodsgodd00wilk_0/page/167">167–168</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05120-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05120-8"><bdi>0-500-05120-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sothis&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Gods+and+Goddesses+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.pages=167-168&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-500-05120-8&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletegodsgodd00wilk_0%2Fpage%2F167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYaoZhao2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yao_Xinzhong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yao Xinzhong">Yao, Xinzhong</a>; Zhao, Yanxia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GuINLKnJp0AC"><i>Chinese Religion: A Contextual Approach</i></a>. London: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847064752" title="Special:BookSources/9781847064752"><bdi>9781847064752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Religion%3A+A+Contextual+Approach&rft.place=London&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781847064752&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=Xinzhong&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Yanxia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGuINLKnJp0AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYuLancaster1989" class="citation book cs1">Yu, Chai-Shin; Lancaster, Lewis R., eds. (1989). <i>Introduction of Buddhism to Korea: New Cultural Patterns</i>. South Korea: Asian Humanities Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0895818881" title="Special:BookSources/978-0895818881"><bdi>978-0895818881</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+of+Buddhism+to+Korea%3A+New+Cultural+Patterns&rft.place=South+Korea&rft.pub=Asian+Humanities+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0895818881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAakhus2008" class="citation journal cs1">Aakhus, P. (2008). "Astral Magic in the Renaissance: Gems, Poetry, and Patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici". <i>Magic, Ritual & Witchcraft</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">185–</span>206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fmrw.0.0103">10.1353/mrw.0.0103</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161829239">161829239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magic%2C+Ritual+%26+Witchcraft&rft.atitle=Astral+Magic+in+the+Renaissance%3A+Gems%2C+Poetry%2C+and+Patronage+of+Lorenzo+de%27+Medici&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E185-%3C%2Fspan%3E206&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fmrw.0.0103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161829239%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Aakhus&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlbertzSchmitt2012" class="citation book cs1">Albertz, R.; Schmitt, R (2012). <i>Family and Household Religion in Ancient Israel and the Levant</i>. United States: Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1575062327" title="Special:BookSources/978-1575062327"><bdi>978-1575062327</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+and+Household+Religion+in+Ancient+Israel+and+the+Levant&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1575062327&rft.aulast=Albertz&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ghazali2007" class="citation book cs1">Al-Ghazali, Muhammad (2007). <i>Ihya' Ulum al-Din</i> [<i>Revival of the Religious Sciences</i>]. Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ihya%27+Ulum+al-Din&rft.pub=Dar+al-Kotob+al-Ilmiyah&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Al-Ghazali&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnanthaswamy2013" class="citation news cs1">Ananthaswamy, Anil (14 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21929303-400-worlds-oldest-temple-built-to-worship-the-dog-star/">"World's oldest temple built to worship the dog star"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=World%27s+oldest+temple+built+to+worship+the+dog+star&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft.aulast=Ananthaswamy&rft.aufirst=Anil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg21929303-400-worlds-oldest-temple-built-to-worship-the-dog-star%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBender2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bender, Herman E. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.ed.ac.uk/lithicstudies/article/view/1918/2556">"The Star Beings and stones: Petroforms and the reflection of Native American cosmology, myth and stellar traditions"</a>. <i>Journal of Lithic Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">77–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2218%2Fjls.v4i4.1918">10.2218/jls.v4i4.1918</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Lithic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Star+Beings+and+stones%3A+Petroforms+and+the+reflection+of+Native+American+cosmology%2C+myth+and+stellar+traditions&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2218%2Fjls.v4i4.1918&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=Herman+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ed.ac.uk%2Flithicstudies%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1918%2F2556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2002" class="citation book cs1">Brown, R. H. (2002). <i>Stellar Theology and Masonic Astronomy</i>. Book Tree. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58509-203-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58509-203-1"><bdi>978-1-58509-203-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stellar+Theology+and+Masonic+Astronomy&rft.pub=Book+Tree&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-58509-203-1&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampion2012" class="citation book cs1">Campion, Nicholas (2012). <i>Astrology and Cosmology in the World's Religions</i>. New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0842-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0842-2"><bdi>978-0-8147-0842-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrology+and+Cosmology+in+the+World%27s+Religions&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-0842-2&rft.aulast=Campion&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill2009" class="citation book cs1">Hill, J. H. (2009) [1895]. <i>Astral Worship</i>. United States: Arc Manor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1604507119" title="Special:BookSources/978-1604507119"><bdi>978-1604507119</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astral+Worship&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Arc+Manor&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1604507119&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKim2019" class="citation book cs1">Kim, S. (2019). <i>Shinra Myōjin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian "Mediterranean"</i>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824877996" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824877996"><bdi>978-0824877996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shinra+My%C5%8Djin+and+Buddhist+Networks+of+the+East+Asian+%22Mediterranean%22&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0824877996&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristensen1960" class="citation book cs1">Kristensen, W. Brede (1960). "The Worship of the Sky and of Celestial Bodies". <i>The Meaning of Religion</i>. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. <span class="nowrap">40–</span>87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-017-6580-0_3">10.1007/978-94-017-6580-0_3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-6451-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-017-6451-3"><bdi>978-94-017-6451-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Worship+of+the+Sky+and+of+Celestial+Bodies&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+Religion&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E87&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-017-6580-0_3&rft.isbn=978-94-017-6451-3&rft.aulast=Kristensen&rft.aufirst=W.+Brede&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMakemson1954" class="citation journal cs1">Makemson, Maud W. (1954). "Astronomy in Primitive Religion". <i>The Journal of Bible and Religion</i>. <b>22</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">163–</span>171. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1455974">1455974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Bible+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Astronomy+in+Primitive+Religion&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.date=1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1455974%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Makemson&rft.aufirst=Maud+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCluskey2000" class="citation book cs1">McCluskey, S. C. (2000). <i>Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe</i>. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521778527" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521778527"><bdi>978-0521778527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomies+and+Cultures+in+Early+Medieval+Europe&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0521778527&rft.aulast=McCluskey&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMortimer1896" class="citation journal cs1">Mortimer, J. R. (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pygs.lyellcollection.org/content/13/2/201">"Ancient British Star-worship indicated by the Grouping of Barrows"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society</i>. <b>13</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">201–</span>209. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1896PYGS...13..201M">1896PYGS...13..201M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2Fpygs.13.2.201">10.1144/pygs.13.2.201</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Yorkshire+Geological+and+Polytechnic+Society&rft.atitle=Ancient+British+Star-worship+indicated+by+the+Grouping+of+Barrows&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E201-%3C%2Fspan%3E209&rft.date=1896&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2Fpygs.13.2.201&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1896PYGS...13..201M&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpygs.lyellcollection.org%2Fcontent%2F13%2F2%2F201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPasi2011" class="citation journal cs1">Pasi, M. (2011). "Varieties of Magical Experience: Aleister Crowley's Views on Occult Practice". <i>Magic, Ritual & Witchcraft</i>. <b>6</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">123–</span>162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fmrw.2011.0018">10.1353/mrw.2011.0018</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143532692">143532692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magic%2C+Ritual+%26+Witchcraft&rft.atitle=Varieties+of+Magical+Experience%3A+Aleister+Crowley%27s+Views+on+Occult+Practice&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E123-%3C%2Fspan%3E162&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fmrw.2011.0018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143532692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pasi&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPedersen2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Pedersen, Hillary Eve (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/8788/1/Pedersen_ku_0099D_11218_DATA_1.pdf"><i>The Five Great Space Repository Bodhisattvas: Lineage, Protection and Celestial Authority in Ninth-Century Japan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD dissertation). University of Kansas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Five+Great+Space+Repository+Bodhisattvas%3A+Lineage%2C+Protection+and+Celestial+Authority+in+Ninth-Century+Japan&rft.inst=University+of+Kansas&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Hillary+Eve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkuscholarworks.ku.edu%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F1808%2F8788%2F1%2FPedersen_ku_0099D_11218_DATA_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReiner1995" class="citation journal cs1">Reiner, Erica (1995). "Astral Magic in Babylonia". <i>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>85</b> (4): i-150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1006642">10.2307/1006642</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006642">1006642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Astral+Magic+in+Babylonia&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=i-150&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1006642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1006642%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Reiner&rft.aufirst=Erica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRohrbacher2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rohrbacher, Peter (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38916163">"Encrypted Astronomy: Astral Mythologies and Ancient Mexican Studies in Austria, 1910–1945"</a>. <i>Revista de Antropologia</i>. <b>62</b> (1). Universidade de São Paulo: <span class="nowrap">140–</span>161. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11606%2F2179-0892.ra.2019.157035">10.11606/2179-0892.ra.2019.157035</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151040522">151040522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Antropologia&rft.atitle=Encrypted+Astronomy%3A+Astral+Mythologies+and+Ancient+Mexican+Studies+in+Austria%2C+1910%E2%80%931945&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E161&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11606%2F2179-0892.ra.2019.157035&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151040522%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rohrbacher&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38916163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRumor2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rumor, Maddalena (2020). "Babylonian Astro-Medicine, Quadruplicities and Pliny the Elder". <i>Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie</i>. <b>111</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">47–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fza-2021-0007">10.1515/za-2021-0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235779490">235779490</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Assyriologie+und+vorderasiatische+Arch%C3%A4ologie&rft.atitle=Babylonian+Astro-Medicine%2C+Quadruplicities+and+Pliny+the+Elder&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fza-2021-0007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235779490%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rumor&rft.aufirst=Maddalena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchaafsma2015" class="citation journal cs1">Schaafsma, P. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/southwest-center-univ-of-arizona/the-darts-of-dawn-the-tlahuizcalpantecuhtli-venus-complex-in-the-ofFVY1YPqk">"The Darts of Dawn: The Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli Venus Complex in the Iconography of Mesoamerica and the American Southwest"</a>. <i>Journal of the Southwest</i>. <b>57</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjsw.2015.0000">10.1353/jsw.2015.0000</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:109601941">109601941</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Southwest&rft.atitle=The+Darts+of+Dawn%3A+The+Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli+Venus+Complex+in+the+Iconography+of+Mesoamerica+and+the+American+Southwest&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjsw.2015.0000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A109601941%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schaafsma&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deepdyve.com%2Flp%2Fsouthwest-center-univ-of-arizona%2Fthe-darts-of-dawn-the-tlahuizcalpantecuhtli-venus-complex-in-the-ofFVY1YPqk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSelin2014" class="citation book cs1">Selin, Helaine (2014). <i>Astronomy Across Cultures</i>. Springer My Copy UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9401141802" title="Special:BookSources/978-9401141802"><bdi>978-9401141802</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomy+Across+Cultures&rft.pub=Springer+My+Copy+UK&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9401141802&rft.aulast=Selin&rft.aufirst=Helaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerra2014" class="citation journal cs1">Serra, Nick (2014). "Aleister Crowley and Western Esotericism". <i>Magic, Ritual & Witchcraft</i>. <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">107–</span>113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fmrw.2014.0012">10.1353/mrw.2014.0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162315360">162315360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magic%2C+Ritual+%26+Witchcraft&rft.atitle=Aleister+Crowley+and+Western+Esotericism&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fmrw.2014.0012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162315360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Serra&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpence1917" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Spence" title="Lewis Spence">Spence, Lewis</a> (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/mesopotamian/book/myths-and-legends-of-babylonia-and-assyria/d/doc7168.html">"Chapter VIII - Babylonian Star-worship"</a>. <i>Myths and Legends of Babylonia and Assyria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-04</span></span> – via wisdomlib.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+VIII+-+Babylonian+Star-worship&rft.btitle=Myths+and+Legends+of+Babylonia+and+Assyria&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Spence&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdomlib.org%2Fmesopotamian%2Fbook%2Fmyths-and-legends-of-babylonia-and-assyria%2Fd%2Fdoc7168.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpringett2016" class="citation book cs1">Springett, B. H. (2016). <i>Secret Sects of Syria</i>. United Kingdom: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138981546" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138981546"><bdi>978-1138981546</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Sects+of+Syria&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1138981546&rft.aulast=Springett&rft.aufirst=B.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTanzella-Nitti2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tanzella-Nitti, Giuseppe (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disf.org/en/Voci/39.asp">"Sky"</a>. <i>Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17421%2F2037-2329-2002-GT-7">10.17421/2037-2329-2002-GT-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2037-2329">2037-2329</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sky&rft.btitle=Interdisciplinary+Encyclopedia+of+Religion+and+Science&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17421%2F2037-2329-2002-GT-7&rft.issn=2037-2329&rft.aulast=Tanzella-Nitti&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.disf.org%2Fen%2FVoci%2F39.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTen_Grotenhuis1998" class="citation book cs1">Ten Grotenhuis, E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ8BEAAAQBAJ&dq=japanese+star+worship&pg=PA120"><i>Japanese Mandalas: Representations of Sacred Geography</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ8BEAAAQBAJ&dq=japanese+star+worship&pg=PA120">120</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824863111" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824863111"><bdi>978-0824863111</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Mandalas%3A+Representations+of+Sacred+Geography&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0824863111&rft.aulast=Ten+Grotenhuis&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpZ8BEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Djapanese%2Bstar%2Bworship%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson2017" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Cath (2017). <i>A Handbook of Stellar Magick</i>. West Yorkshire: Hadean Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1907881718" title="Special:BookSources/978-1907881718"><bdi>978-1907881718</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Stellar+Magick&rft.place=West+Yorkshire&rft.pub=Hadean+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1907881718&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Cath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanPoolVanPoolPhillips2006" class="citation book cs1">VanPool, Christine S.; VanPool, Todd L.; Phillips, David A. (Jr.), eds. (2006). <i>Religion in the Prehispanic Southwest</i>. AltaMira Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+the+Prehispanic+Southwest&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWheelerWalkerNoegel2003" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Brannon M.; Walker, Joel Thomas; Noegel, Scott B., eds. (2003). <i>Prayer, Magic, and the Stars in the Ancient and Late Antique World</i>. Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0271022574" title="Special:BookSources/978-0271022574"><bdi>978-0271022574</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prayer%2C+Magic%2C+and+the+Stars+in+the+Ancient+and+Late+Antique+World&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0271022574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorship+of+heavenly+bodies" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/worship_of_heavenly_bodies" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/worship of heavenly bodies">worship of heavenly bodies</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.westnet.com.au/gary-david-thompson/page9e.html">The Development, Heyday, and Demise of Panbabylonism</a> by Gary D. Thompson</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://judy-volker.com/StarLore/Myths/Sioux.html">Native American Star Lore Dakota and Lakota</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/dictio/kaiga/mandara.html">The Star Mandala</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211204202356/https://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/dictio/kaiga/mandara.html">Archived</a> 2021-12-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_National_Museum" title="Kyoto National Museum">Kyoto National Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/28-moon-stations.html">Star Worship in Japan, 28 Constellations (Lunar Mansions, Moon Stations), Pole Star, Big Dipper, Planets, Nine Luminaries</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thelema154" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thelema_series" title="Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thelema_series" title="Template talk:Thelema series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thelema154" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Gnostica_Catholica" title="Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica">Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternitas_Saturni" title="Fraternitas Saturni">Fraternitas Saturni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">O∴A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn">Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Ordo_Templi_Orientis" class="mw-redirect" title="Society Ordo Templi Orientis">Society Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelemic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn">Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thelemites" title="List of Thelemites">List of Thelemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu_i" title="Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i">Ankh-af-na-khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anger" title="Kenneth Anger">Kenneth Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Allan_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Allan Bennett">Allan Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Breeze" title="William Breeze">William Breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Butts" title="Mary Butts">Mary Butts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Cameron" title="Marjorie Cameron">Marjorie Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_Milo_DuQuette" title="Lon Milo DuQuette">Lon Milo DuQuette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Robert_Foster" title="Jeanne Robert Foster">Jeanne Robert Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Germer" title="Karl Germer">Karl Germer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant" title="Kenneth Grant">Kenneth Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Hirsig" title="Leah Hirsig">Leah Hirsig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hyatt" title="Christopher Hyatt">Christopher Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stansfeld_Jones" title="Charles Stansfeld Jones">Charles Stansfeld Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cecil_Jones" title="George Cecil Jones">George Cecil Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kaczynski" title="Richard Kaczynski">Richard Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Edith_Kelly" title="Rose Edith Kelly">Rose Edith Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">James Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Louis_McMurtry" title="Grady Louis McMurtry">Grady Louis McMurtry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogg_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogg Morgan">Mogg Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ramos_Motta" title="Marcelo Ramos Motta">Marcelo Ramos Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nema_Andahadna" title="Nema Andahadna">Nema Andahadna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Neuburg_(poet)" title="Victor Neuburg (poet)">Victor Neuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Northrup_Hollister" title="Sara Northrup Hollister">Sara Northrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons" title="Jack Parsons">Jack Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Parsons_Smith" title="Helen Parsons Smith">Helen Parsons Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Reuss" title="Theodor Reuss">Theodor Reuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Russell" title="C. F. Russell">C. F. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Seckler" title="Phyllis Seckler">Phyllis Seckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Talbot_Smith" title="Wilfred Talbot Smith">Wilfred Talbot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Waddell" title="Leila Waddell">Leila Waddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wasserman" title="James Wasserman">James Wasserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Webster_(writer)" title="Sam Webster (writer)">Sam Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wolfe" title="Jane Wolfe">Jane Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thelemic_texts" title="Category:Thelemic texts">Thelemic texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley_bibliography" title="Aleister Crowley bibliography">Aleister Crowley bibliography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lies_(Crowley)" title="The Book of Lies (Crowley)">The Book of Lies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law"><i>The Book of the Law</i> (<i>Liber AL vel Legis</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth_(Crowley)" title="The Book of Thoth (Crowley)">The Book of Thoth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clouds_without_Water" title="Clouds without Water">Clouds without Water</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Works_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="Collected Works of Aleister Crowley">Collected Works</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="The Confessions of Aleister Crowley">Confessions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Drug_Fiend" title="The Diary of a Drug Fiend">The Diary of a Drug Fiend</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Lectures_on_Yoga" title="Eight Lectures on Yoga">Eight Lectures on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox" title="The Equinox">The Equinox</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Equinox" title="The Blue Equinox">The Blue Equinox</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox_of_the_Gods" title="The Equinox of the Gods">The Equinox of the Gods</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Books_of_Thelema" title="The Holy Books of Thelema">The Holy Books of Thelema</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konx_Om_Pax" title="Konx Om Pax">Konx Om Pax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_is_for_All" title="The Law is for All">The Law is for All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/777_and_Other_Qabalistic_Writings_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="777 and Other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley">Liber 777</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Aleph" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Aleph">Liber Aleph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_OZ" title="Liber OZ">Liber OZ</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Pennae_Praenumbra" title="Liber Pennae Praenumbra">Liber Pennae Praenumbra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Resh">Liber Resh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Trigrammaton" title="Liber Trigrammaton">Liber Trigrammaton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Essays_Toward_Truth" title="Little Essays Toward Truth">Little Essays Toward Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_(Book_4)" title="Magick (Book 4)">Magick (Book 4)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_Without_Tears" title="Magick Without Tears">Magick Without Tears</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moonchild_(novel)" title="Moonchild (novel)">Moonchild</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Star_in_Sight" title="One Star in Sight">One Star in Sight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stratagem_and_other_Stories" title="The Stratagem and other Stories">The Stratagem and other Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vision_and_the_Voice" title="The Vision and the Voice">The Vision and the Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Stains" title="White Stains">White Stains</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelema#93" title="Thelema">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyss_(Thelema)" title="Abyss (Thelema)">Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Thelema)" title="Aeon (Thelema)">Aeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Qaballa" title="English Qaballa">English Qaballa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Work_(Thelema)" title="Great Work (Thelema)">Great Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel#Thelema" title="Guardian angel">Holy Guardian Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Pan" title="Night of Pan">Night of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele_of_Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu" title="Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu">Stele of Revealing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stellar wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Will" title="True Will">True Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magick</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahadabra" title="Abrahadabra">Abrahadabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroto-comatose_lucidity" title="Eroto-comatose lucidity">Eroto-comatose lucidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goetia" title="Goetia">Goetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah_and_wanga" title="Obeah and wanga">Obeah and wanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremony and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh_vel_Helios" title="Liber Resh vel Helios">Liber Resh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram_ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentagram ritual">Pentagram Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">Bornless Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_XV,_The_Gnostic_Mass" title="Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass">Gnostic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Eleusis" title="Rites of Eleusis">Rites of Eleusis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Godforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuit" title="Nuit">Nuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ra-ha" title="Heru-ra-ha">Heru-ra-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiwass" title="Aiwass">Aiwass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Therion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalon" title="Babalon">Babalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram" title="Pentagram">Pentagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cross" title="Rose Cross">Rose Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)" title="Tree of life (Kabbalah)">Tree of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicursal_hexagram" title="Unicursal hexagram">Unicursal hexagram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Thelema" title="Abbey of Thelema">Abbey of Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abramelin_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abramelin oil">Abramelin oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_Lodge" title="Agape Lodge">Agape Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleskine_House" title="Boleskine House">Boleskine House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">Book of Abramelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_of_Light" title="Cake of Light">Cake of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choronzon" title="Choronzon">Choronzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianism" title="Dianism">Dianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPSOS" class="mw-redirect" title="IPSOS">IPSOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_alphabet" title="Magical alphabet">Magical alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Solar deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Lodge" title="Solar Lodge">Solar Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&oldid=1279165883">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&oldid=1279165883</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stellar_deities" title="Category:Stellar deities">Stellar deities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology" title="Category:Astrology">Astrology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ceremonial_magic" title="Category:Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_esotericism" title="Category:Eastern esotericism">Eastern esotericism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Esoteric_cosmology" title="Category:Esoteric cosmology">Esoteric cosmology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_astronomy" title="Category:History of astronomy">History of astronomy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_cosmologies" title="Category:Religious cosmologies">Religious cosmologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_faiths,_traditions,_and_movements" title="Category:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements">Religious faiths, traditions, and movements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sabaeans" title="Category:Sabaeans">Sabaeans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thelema" title="Category:Thelema">Thelema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Western_esotericism" title="Category:Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occultism_(Islam)" title="Category:Occultism (Islam)">Occultism (Islam)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Category:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_broken_reference_names" title="Category:Pages with broken reference names">Pages with broken reference names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)">Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from August 2024">Articles with incomplete citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from November 2023">Articles with failed verification from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_split_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles to be split from October 2024">Articles to be split from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_split" title="Category:All articles to be split">All articles to be split</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from October 2024">Articles that may contain original research from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names" title="Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names">CS1 interwiki-linked names</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 March 2025, at 22:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worship_of_heavenly_bodies&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Worship of heavenly bodies</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>12 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-b5fx7","wgBackendResponseTime":205,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.314","walltime":"1.490","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11572,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":265384,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10564,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":319111,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1298.797 1 -total"," 21.31% 276.731 74 Template:Cite_book"," 17.60% 228.572 2 Template:Reflist"," 13.81% 179.361 68 Template:Sfnp"," 9.17% 119.151 25 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.94% 116.061 6 Template:Cite_web"," 6.37% 82.677 2 Template:Transliteration"," 5.14% 66.777 1 Template:Thelema_series"," 4.93% 64.085 1 Template:Navbox"," 4.37% 56.777 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.890","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24168567,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAakhus2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl-Ghazali2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlbertzSchmitt2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlmutlaq2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnanthaswamy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAssmann2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaulieu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBelmonte2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBender2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBocking2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBogdan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBucko1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampion2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarboni2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChurton2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCobo1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Blois1960–2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Blois2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Smet2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDjurdjevic2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDozyde_Goeje1884\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuQuette2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElukin2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahd1960–2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaure2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriday2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFung2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGenequand1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoto2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHedenborg-White2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeissig1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHjärpe1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHämeen-Anttila2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaczynski2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrauss1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristensen1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLa_Vere1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLachman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockett2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLüGong2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakemson1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargoliouth1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaster_of_Silent_Whistle_Studio2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazuz2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCluskey2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeans2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMommersteeg1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortimer1896\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeedham1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOppenheimReiner1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrzechSørensenPayne2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPasi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPasi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPedersen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPingree2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRambelliTeeuwen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRedford2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReiner1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitner1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohrbacher2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumor2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaif2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage-Smith2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSayce1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaafsma2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchafer1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeligsohn1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerra2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShoemaker2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpence1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpence1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpence2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpringett2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrohmaier1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStroumsa2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanzella-Nitti2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTardieu1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTardieu1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTen_Grotenhuis1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValencius2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanPoolVanPoolPhillips2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Bladel2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Bladel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheelerWalkerNoegel2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinkler2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYaoZhao2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYuLancaster1989\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 74,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 6,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 24,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Incomplete citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 14,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 2,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Original research\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnmp\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 68,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Split section to\"] = 1,\n [\"Thelema series\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Zh\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-866f5d587f-m7kck","timestamp":"20250328015859","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Worship of heavenly bodies","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3627640","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3627640","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-11-08T18:26:05Z","dateModified":"2025-03-06T22:42:32Z","headline":"worship of stars and other heavenly bodies as deities"}</script> </body> </html>