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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagues_islandeses" title="Sagues islandeses – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sagues islandeses" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Исландски саги – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Исландски саги" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_islandesa" title="Saga islandesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saga islandesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A6ndingesagaerne" title="Islændingesagaerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Islændingesagaerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndersagas" title="Isländersagas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isländersagas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Ισλανδική Σάγκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλανδική Σάγκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagas_de_los_islandeses" title="Sagas de los islandeses – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sagas de los islandeses" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandanaj_sagaoj" title="Islandanaj sagaoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islandanaj sagaoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiar_sagak" title="Islandiar sagak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islandiar sagak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سرگذشت‌نامه‌های ایسلندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرگذشت‌نامه‌های ایسلندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagas_des_Islandais" title="Sagas des Islandais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sagas des Islandais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagas_de_islandeses" title="Sagas de islandeses – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sagas de islandeses" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EC%82%AC%EA%B0%80" title="아이슬란드 사가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이슬란드 사가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandske_sage" title="Islandske sage – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Islandske sage" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_Islandia" title="Saga Islandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saga Islandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur" title="Íslendingasögur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íslendingasögur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saghe_degli_Islandesi" title="Saghe degli Islandesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saghe degli Islandesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ისლანდიელების საგები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლანდიელების საგები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Исландски саги – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исландски саги" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islendingesagaer" title="Islendingesagaer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Islendingesagaer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islendingesogene" title="Islendingesogene – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Islendingesogene" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagi_islandzkie" title="Sagi islandzkie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sagi islandzkie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagas_de_islandeses" title="Sagas de islandeses – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sagas de islandeses" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga_Islandezilor" title="Saga Islandezilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Saga Islandezilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Саги об исландцах – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саги об исландцах" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandske_sage" title="Islandske sage – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islandske sage" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BE_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Саге о Исланђанима – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Саге о Исланђанима" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandske_sage" title="Islandske sage – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Islandske sage" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islantilaissaagat" title="Islantilaissaagat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Islantilaissaagat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4nningasagor" title="Islänningasagor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Islänningasagor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Ісландські саги – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісландські саги" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q300#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Norse" title="Category:Old Norse">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C3%96l_Fv1911%3B274B%2C_Resmo.jpg/100px-%C3%96l_Fv1911%3B274B%2C_Resmo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C3%96l_Fv1911%3B274B%2C_Resmo.jpg/150px-%C3%96l_Fv1911%3B274B%2C_Resmo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C3%96l_Fv1911%3B274B%2C_Resmo.jpg/200px-%C3%96l_Fv1911%3B274B%2C_Resmo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#d6dbbe; font-size:110%; text-align:left;color: var(--color-base)">Dialects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Old_West_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old West Norse">Old West Norse</a> <div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.15em;"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse#Old_Icelandic" title="Old Norse">Old Icelandic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Norse" title="Greenlandic Norse">Greenlandic Norse</a>)</div> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Old_East_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old East Norse">Old East Norse</a> <div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.15em;"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Danish" title="History of Danish">Old Danish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swedish" title="Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a>)</li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Gutnish" title="Old Gutnish">Old Gutnish</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#d6dbbe; font-size:110%; text-align:left;color: var(--color-base)">Use</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Orthography</a></li></ul> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic alphabet</a> <div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.15em;"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a>)</li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography#Latin_alphabet_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Latin alphabet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse#Grammar" title="Old Norse">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse#Phonology" title="Old Norse">Phonology</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_morphology" title="Old Norse morphology">Morphology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#d6dbbe; font-size:110%; text-align:left;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_poetry" title="Old Norse poetry">Poetry</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliterative_verse#Old_Norse_poetic_forms" title="Alliterative verse">alliterative verse</a>)</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Sagas</a><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">of Icelanders</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Legendary_saga" title="Legendary saga">Legendary</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Edda" title="Edda">Edda</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Grammatical_Treatise" title="First Grammatical Treatise">First Grammatical Treatise</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#d6dbbe; font-size:110%; text-align:left;color: var(--color-base)">Ancestors</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#d6dbbe; font-size:110%; text-align:left;color: var(--color-base)">Descendants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalecarlian language">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Norse" title="Greenlandic Norse">Greenlandic Norse <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutnish" title="Gutnish">Gutnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn <span style="font-size:85%;">(extinct)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin" title="List of English words of Old Norse origin">English words of<br />Old Norse origin</a></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Norse_history_and_culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Norse history and culture">WikiProject Norse history and culture</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Old_Norse_sidebar" title="Template:Old Norse sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Old_Norse_sidebar" title="Template talk:Old Norse sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Old_Norse_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Old Norse sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg/220px-Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Egil_Skallagrimsson_17c_manuscript.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Egill_Skallagr%C3%ADmsson" title="Egill Skallagrímsson">Egill Skallagrímsson</a> in a seventeenth-century manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Egil%27s_Saga" title="Egil's Saga">Egil's Saga</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AM426_Grettir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/AM426_Grettir.jpg/220px-AM426_Grettir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/AM426_Grettir.jpg/330px-AM426_Grettir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/AM426_Grettir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grettis_saga" title="Grettis saga">Grettir</a> is ready to fight in this illustration from a seventeenth-century <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Icelandic</a> manuscript.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur.jpg/240px-%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur.jpg/360px-%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur.jpg/480px-%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a miniature from a thirteenth-century Icelandic manuscript</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>sagas of Icelanders</b> (<a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>: <i lang="is">Íslendingasögur</i>, <span style="font-size:85%;">modern</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Icelandic pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈislɛndiŋkaˌsœːɣʏr̥]</a></span>), also known as <b>family sagas</b>, are a subgenre, or text group, of Icelandic <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">sagas</a>. They are prose narratives primarily based on historical events that mostly took place in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> in the ninth, tenth, and early eleventh centuries, during the so-called <a href="/wiki/Saga_Age" title="Saga Age">Saga Age</a>. They were written in <a href="/wiki/Old_Icelandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Icelandic">Old Icelandic</a>, a western dialect of <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>. They are the best-known specimens of <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_literature" title="Icelandic literature">Icelandic literature</a>. </p><p>They are focused on history, especially genealogical and family history. They reflect the struggle and conflict that arose within the societies of the early generations of Icelandic settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Icelandic sagas are valuable and unique historical sources about medieval Scandinavian societies and kingdoms, in particular regarding pre-Christian religion and culture and the heroic age.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, many of these Icelandic sagas were recorded, mostly in the 13th and 14th centuries. The 'authors', or rather recorders, of these sagas are largely unknown. One saga, <i><a href="/wiki/Egil%27s_Saga" title="Egil's Saga">Egil's Saga</a></i>, is believed by some scholars<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to have been written by <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>, a descendant of the saga's hero, but this remains uncertain. The standard modern edition of Icelandic sagas is produced by <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenzk_fornrit" title="Íslenzk fornrit">Hið íslenzka fornritafélag</a> ('The Old Icelandic Text Society'), or Íslenzk fornrit for short. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_time_frame">Historical time frame</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagas_of_Icelanders&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical time frame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the several literary reviews of the sagas is the <i>Sagalitteraturen</i> by <a href="/wiki/Sigur%C3%B0ur_Nordal" title="Sigurður Nordal">Sigurður Nordal</a>, which divides the sagas into five chronological groups (depending on when they were written not their subject matters) distinguished by the state of literary development:<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1200 to 1230 – Sagas that deal with <a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">skalds</a> (such as <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3stbr%C5%93%C3%B0ra_saga" title="Fóstbrœðra saga">Fóstbrœðra saga</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1230 to 1280 – Family sagas (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1280 to 1300 – Works that focus more on style and storytelling than just writing down history (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%A1ls_saga" title="Njáls saga">Njáls saga</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Early fourteenth century – Historical tradition<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fourteenth century – Fiction<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>This framework has been severely criticised as based on a presupposed attitude to the fantastic and an over-estimation on the precedence of <i>Landnámabók</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_sagas">List of sagas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagas_of_Icelanders&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of sagas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atla_saga_%C3%93tryggssonar" title="Atla saga Ótryggssonar">Atla saga Ótryggssonar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bandamanna_saga" title="Bandamanna saga">Bandamanna saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1r%C3%B0ar_saga_Sn%C3%A6fells%C3%A1ss" title="Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss">Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bjarnar_saga_H%C3%ADtd%C3%A6lakappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjarnar saga Hítdælakappa">Bjarnar saga Hítdælakappa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Droplaugarsona_saga" title="Droplaugarsona saga">Droplaugarsona saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Egils_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Egils saga">Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar</a></i> – Egil's Saga</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eir%C3%ADks_saga_rau%C3%B0a" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiríks saga rauða">Eiríks saga rauða</a></i> – Saga of Erik the Red</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyrbyggja_saga" title="Eyrbyggja saga">Eyrbyggja saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyinga_saga" title="Færeyinga saga">Færeyinga saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finnboga_saga_ramma" title="Finnboga saga ramma">Finnboga saga ramma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flj%C3%B3tsd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Fljótsdæla saga">Fljótsdæla saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3amanna_saga" title="Flóamanna saga">Flóamanna saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3stbr%C3%A6%C3%B0ra_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Fóstbræðra saga">Fóstbræðra saga</a></i> (two versions)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsla_saga" title="Gísla saga">Gísla saga Súrssonar</a></i>, (two versions) of an outlaw poet – Gísla saga</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grettis_saga" title="Grettis saga">Grettis saga</a> – Saga of Grettir the Strong</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nlendinga_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Grænlendinga saga">Grænlendinga saga</a></i> – Greenland saga</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gull-%C3%9E%C3%B3ris_saga" title="Gull-Þóris saga">Gull-Þóris saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunnars_saga_Keldugn%C3%BApsf%C3%ADfls" title="Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls">Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunnlaugs_saga_ormstungu" title="Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu">Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hallfre%C3%B0ar_saga" title="Hallfreðar saga">Hallfreðar saga</a></i> (two versions)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%B0ar_saga_ok_H%C3%B3lmverja" title="Harðar saga ok Hólmverja">Harðar saga ok Hólmverja</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1var%C3%B0ar_saga_%C3%8Dsfir%C3%B0ings" class="mw-redirect" title="Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings">Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0arv%C3%ADga_saga" title="Heiðarvíga saga">Heiðarvíga saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hrafnkels_saga" title="Hrafnkels saga">Hrafnkels saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hrana_saga_hrings" title="Hrana saga hrings">Hrana saga hrings</a></i> (post-medieval)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6nsna-%C3%9E%C3%B3ris_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Hænsna-Þóris saga">Hænsna-Þóris saga</a></i></li> <li><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k" title="Íslendingabók">Íslendingabók</a></i></span> (One of the earliest sagas written about the founding of Iceland by a priest called <a href="/wiki/Ari_%C3%9Eorgilsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari Þorgilsson">Ari Þorgilsson</a> working in the early 12th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kjalnesinga_saga" title="Kjalnesinga saga">Kjalnesinga saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Korm%C3%A1ks_saga" title="Kormáks saga">Kormáks saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3ka-Refs_saga" title="Króka-Refs saga">Króka-Refs saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3svetninga_saga" title="Ljósvetninga saga">Ljósvetninga saga</a></i> (two versions)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%A1ls_saga" title="Njáls saga">Njáls saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reykd%C3%A6la_saga_ok_V%C3%ADga-Sk%C3%BAtu" title="Reykdæla saga ok Víga-Skútu">Reykdæla saga ok Víga-Skútu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1ld-Helga_saga" title="Skáld-Helga saga">Skáld-Helga saga</a></i> (known only from <i>rímur</i> and later derivations of these)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svarfd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Svarfdæla saga">Svarfdæla saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valla-Lj%C3%B3ts_saga" title="Valla-Ljóts saga">Valla-Ljóts saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vatnsd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Vatnsdæla saga">Vatnsdæla saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADga-Gl%C3%BAms_saga" title="Víga-Glúms saga">Víga-Glúms saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADglundar_saga" title="Víglundar saga">Víglundar saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1pnfir%C3%B0inga_saga" title="Vápnfirðinga saga">Vápnfirðinga saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorsteins_saga_hv%C3%ADta" title="Þorsteins saga hvíta">Þorsteins saga hvíta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorsteins_saga_S%C3%AD%C3%B0u-Hallssonar" title="Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar">Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B0ar_saga_hre%C3%B0u" title="Þórðar saga hreðu">Þórðar saga hreðu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96lkofra_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ölkofra saga">Ölkofra saga</a></i></li></ul> <p>It is thought that a number of sagas are now lost, including the supposed <i><a href="/wiki/Gauks_saga_Trandilssonar" title="Gauks saga Trandilssonar">Gauks saga Trandilssonar</a></i> – The saga of Gaukur á Stöng. In addition to these, the texts often referred to as the "Tales of Icelanders" (<i>Íslendingaþættir</i>) such as "Hreiðars þáttr" and "Sneglu-Halla þáttr" of the kings' saga <i>Morkinskinna</i> could be included in this corpus, as well as the contemporary sagas (written in the 13th century and dealing with the same period) incorporated into <i>Sturlunga saga</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagas_of_Icelanders&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norse_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse saga">Norse saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_saga" title="Family saga">Family saga</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagas_of_Icelanders&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMyers2008" class="citation news cs1">Myers, Ben (2008-10-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2008/oct/03/1">"The Icelandic Sagas: Europe's most important book?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Icelandic+Sagas%3A+Europe%27s+most+important+book%3F&rft.date=2008-10-03&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooksblog%2F2008%2Foct%2F03%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASagas+of+Icelanders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagge2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Bagge" title="Sverre Bagge">Bagge, Sverre</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NFJNAgAAQBAJ"><i>Cross and Scepter: The Rise of the Scandinavian Kingdoms from the Vikings to the Reformation</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-5010-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-5010-5"><bdi>978-1-4008-5010-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross+and+Scepter%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Scandinavian+Kingdoms+from+the+Vikings+to+the+Reformation&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-5010-5&rft.aulast=Bagge&rft.aufirst=Sverre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNFJNAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASagas+of+Icelanders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Egil's Saga</i>, English translation, Penguin Books, 1976, introduction by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_P%C3%A1lsson" title="Hermann Pálsson">Hermann Pálsson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Edwards_(literary_scholar)" title="Paul Edwards (literary scholar)">Paul Edwards</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sigur%C3%B0ur_Nordal" title="Sigurður Nordal">Sigurður Nordal</a> had this to say in his edition of Egils saga: "This matter will never be settled fully with the information we now have. … As for me, I have become more and more convinced, as I gained a better understanding of Egils saga that it is the work of Snorri, and I will henceforth not hesitate to count the saga among his works, unless new arguments are presented, which I have overlooked."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLönnroth1976" class="citation book cs1">Lönnroth, Lars (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/njalssaga00lars"><i>Njáls Saga</i></a></span>. London: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/njalssaga00lars/page/204">204</a>–205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-02708-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-02708-6"><bdi>0-520-02708-6</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nj%C3%A1ls+Saga&rft.place=London&rft.pages=204-205&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-520-02708-6&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6nnroth&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnjalssaga00lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASagas+of+Icelanders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁrmann_Jakobsson_and_Yoav_Tirosh2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ármann Jakobsson and Yoav Tirosh (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/44059206">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The 'Decline of Realism' and inefficacious Old Norse literary genres and sub-genres"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Scandia</i> (3): 102–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandia&rft.atitle=%22The+%27Decline+of+Realism%27+and+inefficacious+Old+Norse+literary+genres+and+sub-genres%22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=102-38&rft.date=2020&rft.au=%C3%81rmann+Jakobsson+and+Yoav+Tirosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F44059206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASagas+of+Icelanders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTirosh2019" class="citation journal cs1">Tirosh, Yoav (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41468126">"On the Receiving End: The Role of Scholarship, Memory, and Genre in Constructing Ljósvetninga saga"</a>. <i>PhD Thesis, University of Iceland</i>. University of Iceland: Unpublished Doctoral Thesis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PhD+Thesis%2C+University+of+Iceland&rft.atitle=On+the+Receiving+End%3A+The+Role+of+Scholarship%2C+Memory%2C+and+Genre+in+Constructing+Lj%C3%B3svetninga+saga&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Tirosh&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41468126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASagas+of+Icelanders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagas_of_Icelanders&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arnold, Martin (2003). <i>The Post-Classical Icelandic Family Saga.</i> <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a></li> <li>Ármann Jakobsson (2013). <i>Nine Saga Studies: The Critical Interpretation of the Icelandic Sagas</i>. Reykjavík: University of Iceland Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-789-97954997-0" title="Special:BookSources/9-789-97954997-0">9-789-97954997-0</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/855995457">855995457</a></li> <li>Bampi, Massimiliano, Carolyne Larrington and Sif Rikhardsdottir (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/critical-companion-to-old-norse-literary-genre/2B1BA3C8DFBC548F3EA428859C0842A6"><i>A Critical Companion to Old Norse Literary Genre</i>.</a> Studies in Old Norse Literature 5. D. S. Brewer. Woodbridge, 2020</li> <li>Falk, Oren. 2021. <i><a href="//doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866046.001.0001" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1093/oso/9780198866046.001.0001">Violence and Risk in Medieval Iceland: This Spattered Isle</a></i>. Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Karlsson, Gunnar (2000). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/the-history-of-iceland">The History of Iceland</a>.</i> Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press</li> <li>Liestøl, Knut (1930). <i>The Origin of the Icelandic Family Sagas.</i> Translated by Jayne, Arthur Garland. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780837172538" title="Special:BookSources/9780837172538">9780837172538</a>.</li> <li>Miller, William Ian (2009). <i>Bloodtaking and Peacemaking: Feud, Law, and Society in Saga Iceland</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226526829" title="Special:BookSources/9780226526829">9780226526829</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781292936">781292936</a></li> <li>Mundal, Else (ed.) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/D/bo14377771.html">Dating the Sagas: Reviews and Revisions</a>.</i> Museum Tusculanum, 2013.</li> <li>Smiley, Jane; Kellogg, Robert Leland (2001). <i>The Sagas of Icelanders: a selection</i>. New York: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141000039" title="Special:BookSources/9780141000039">9780141000039</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/492636430">492636430</a></li> <li>Viðar Hreinsson (eds.) (1997). <i>The Complete Sagas of Icelanders.</i> 5 vols. Reykjavík: Leifur Eiriksson Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789979929307" title="Special:BookSources/9789979929307">9789979929307</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44999940">44999940</a> – see <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sagas.is/yfirlit.htm">sagas.is</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagas_of_Icelanders&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sagadb.org/">Icelandic Saga Database</a> – many sagas of Icelanders, along with some translations into English and other languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312154947/http://www.usask.ca/english/icelanders/">Proverbs and Proverbial Materials in the Old Icelandic Sagas</a> from the University of Alaska</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.bibalex.org/web/20060118105605/http://www.heimskringla.no/original/islendingesagaene/index.php">Icelandic sagas</a> – a selection in Old Norse</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120221113316/http://sagnanet.is/">Sagnanet</a> – photographs of some of the original manuscripts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vinland1.com/">Harmony of the Vinland voyages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sagamap.hi.is">Icelandic Saga Map</a> – an online digital map with the geo-referenced texts of all of the Íslendingasögur</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1r%C3%B0ar_saga_Sn%C3%A6fells%C3%A1ss" title="Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss">Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarnar_saga_H%C3%ADtd%C5%93lakappa" title="Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa">Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%A1ls_saga" title="Njáls saga">Brennu-Njáls saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droplaugarsona_saga" title="Droplaugarsona saga">Droplaugarsona saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egil%27s_Saga" title="Egil's Saga">Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_of_Erik_the_Red" title="Saga of Erik the Red">Eiríks saga rauða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyrbyggja_saga" title="Eyrbyggja saga">Eyrbyggja saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyinga_saga" title="Færeyinga saga">Færeyinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnboga_saga_ramma" title="Finnboga saga ramma">Finnboga saga ramma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flj%C3%B3tsd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Fljótsdæla saga">Fljótsdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3amanna_saga" title="Flóamanna saga">Flóamanna saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3stbr%C5%93%C3%B0ra_saga" title="Fóstbrœðra saga">Fóstbrœðra saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsla_saga" title="Gísla saga">Gísla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grettis_saga" title="Grettis saga">Grettis saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_of_the_Greenlanders" title="Saga of the Greenlanders">Grœnlendinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull-%C3%9E%C3%B3ris_saga" title="Gull-Þóris saga">Gull-Þóris saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnars_saga_Keldugn%C3%BApsf%C3%ADfls" title="Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls">Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnlaugs_saga_ormstungu" title="Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu">Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallfre%C3%B0ar_saga" title="Hallfreðar saga">Hallfreðar saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%B0ar_saga_ok_H%C3%B3lmverja" title="Harðar saga ok Hólmverja">Harðar saga ok Hólmverja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_saga_of_H%C3%A1var%C3%B0ur_of_%C3%8Dsafj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur" class="mw-redirect" title="The saga of Hávarður of Ísafjörður">Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0arv%C3%ADga_saga" title="Heiðarvíga saga">Heiðarvíga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrafnkels_saga" title="Hrafnkels saga">Hrafnkels saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrana_saga_hrings" title="Hrana saga hrings">Hrana saga hrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6nsa-%C3%9E%C3%B3ris_saga" title="Hænsa-Þóris saga">Hænsa-Þóris saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjalnesinga_saga" title="Kjalnesinga saga">Kjalnesinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korm%C3%A1ks_saga" title="Kormáks saga">Kormáks saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3ka-Refs_saga" title="Króka-Refs saga">Króka-Refs saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3svetninga_saga" title="Ljósvetninga saga">Ljósvetninga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96lkofra_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr" title="Ölkofra þáttr">Ölkofra þáttr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykd%C3%A6la_saga_ok_V%C3%ADga-Sk%C3%BAtu" title="Reykdæla saga ok Víga-Skútu">Reykdæla saga ok Víga-Skútu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svarfd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Svarfdæla saga">Svarfdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorsteins_saga_hv%C3%ADta" title="Þorsteins saga hvíta">Þorsteins saga hvíta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorsteins_saga_S%C3%AD%C3%B0u-Hallssonar" title="Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar">Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B0ar_saga_hre%C3%B0u" title="Þórðar saga hreðu">Þórðar saga hreðu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valla-Lj%C3%B3ts_saga" title="Valla-Ljóts saga">Valla-Ljóts saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1pnfir%C3%B0inga_saga" title="Vápnfirðinga saga">Vápnfirðinga saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatnsd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Vatnsdæla saga">Vatnsdæla saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADga-Gl%C3%BAms_saga" title="Víga-Glúms saga">Víga-Glúms saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADglundar_saga" title="Víglundar saga">Víglundar saga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other saga genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_sagas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops' sagas">Bishops' sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivalric_sagas" title="Chivalric sagas">Chivalric sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_sagas" title="Contemporary sagas">Contemporary sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings%27_sagas" title="Kings' sagas">Kings' sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_sagas" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendary sagas">Legendary sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints%27_sagas" title="Saints' sagas">Saints' sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%A1ttr" title="Þáttr">Short tales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenzk_fornrit" title="Íslenzk fornrit">Íslenzk fornrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Literary_Society" title="Icelandic Literary Society">Icelandic Literary Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Icelandic_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Icelandic_language" title="Template:Icelandic language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Icelandic_language" title="Template talk:Icelandic language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Icelandic_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Icelandic language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Icelandic_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_grammar" title="Icelandic grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_phonology" title="Icelandic phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_vocabulary" title="Icelandic vocabulary">Vocabulary</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%81M_66,_75v,_death_of_Baldr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/S%C3%81M_66%2C_75v%2C_death_of_Baldr.jpg/100px-S%C3%81M_66%2C_75v%2C_death_of_Baldr.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/S%C3%81M_66%2C_75v%2C_death_of_Baldr.jpg/150px-S%C3%81M_66%2C_75v%2C_death_of_Baldr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/S%C3%81M_66%2C_75v%2C_death_of_Baldr.jpg/200px-S%C3%81M_66%2C_75v%2C_death_of_Baldr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1187" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Patronymic names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_names_in_Iceland" title="Street names in Iceland">Street names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_exonyms" title="Icelandic exonyms">List of exonyms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History and literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Icelandic" title="History of Icelandic">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_literature" title="Icelandic literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skaldic_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaldic poetry">Skaldic poetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promotion and purism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rni_Magn%C3%BAsson_Institute_for_Icelandic_Studies" title="Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies">Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Language_Day" title="Icelandic Language Day">Icelandic Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icelandic_Language_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icelandic Language Council (page does not exist)">Icelandic Language Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icelandic_Language_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icelandic Language Fund (page does not exist)">Icelandic Language Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Language_Institute" title="Icelandic Language Institute">Icelandic Language Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Naming_Committee" title="Icelandic Naming Committee">Icelandic Naming Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_purism_in_Icelandic" title="Linguistic purism in Icelandic">Linguistic purism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Sign_Language" title="Icelandic Sign Language">Icelandic Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Icelandic_writers" title="List of Icelandic writers">List of Icelandic writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q300#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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