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Deputy minister (Canada) - Wikipedia
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Senior civil servant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Deputy Minister<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Sous-ministre</i></span></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_of_Canada_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Government_of_Canada_signature.svg/200px-Government_of_Canada_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Government_of_Canada_signature.svg/300px-Government_of_Canada_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Government_of_Canada_signature.svg/400px-Government_of_Canada_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Deputy minister, deputy head</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Senior <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_of_Canada" title="Public Service of Canada">public servant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a></li><li>provincial and territorial administrations</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy">Strategic advice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related jobs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Government minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Director_general" title="Director general">Director general</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Chief executive officer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/General_(Canada)" title="General (Canada)">General</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Canada)" title="Admiral (Canada)">Admiral</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a <b>deputy minister</b> (<b>DM</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">sous-ministre</i>) is the senior <a href="/wiki/Civil_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil servant">civil servant</a> in a government organization, who acts as deputy head. Deputy ministers take political direction from a <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">minister of the Crown</a>, who is typically an elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">member of Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible</a> for the department. </p><p>The Canadian position is equivalent to the position of <a href="/wiki/Permanent_secretary" title="Permanent secretary">permanent secretary</a> in the United Kingdom and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Commonwealth_Government_entities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Australian Commonwealth Government entities">Australian position</a> of <a href="/wiki/Departmental_secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Departmental secretary">departmental secretary</a>. This position should not be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Canada">deputy prime minister of Canada</a>, who is not a civil servant at all, but a politician and senior member of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the current management structure of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> – including the role of deputy heads – originates from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Government_Organization" title="Royal Commission on Government Organization">Royal Commission on Government Organization</a>, also known as the Glassco Commission<b>.</b> </p><p>The title is not only used for the federal (national) government, but also for equivalent positions in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provincial and territorial governments</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_minister_(Canada)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A deputy minister has responsibility for a department's day-to-day operations, budget, and program development. As members of the public service, deputy ministers are <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">nonpartisan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deputy minister is the functional head of the department in question, while the minister is the department's political master. Unlike most other public service positions, deputy ministers are <a href="/wiki/Governor-in-Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-in-Council">Governor-in-Council</a> appointments made on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advice (constitutional)">advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a>. Accordingly, deputy ministers can sometimes lose their positions as a result of a change of the party in power, particularly if they are seen as too closely identified with the policies of the previous government.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statutory_role">Statutory role</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_minister_(Canada)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Statutory role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <i>Interpretation Act</i> and departmental legislation, deputy heads are typically permitted to exercise powers of their ministers for all purposes aside from creation of regulations. Deputy heads also possess powers under their own right under the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Administration_Act" title="Financial Administration Act">Financial Administration Act</a></i>, <i>Public Service Employment Act</i>, powers delegated by the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Board_of_Canada" title="Treasury Board of Canada">Treasury Board of Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_of_Canada" title="Public Service Commission of Canada">Public Service Commission of Canada</a>. Typically, these relate to management of resources delegated to their organizations, personnel management, including appointment, employer-employee relations, and the organization of the department. Ministers may not provide specific direction on the areas a deputy minister is directly assigned.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_public_servants">Senior public servants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_minister_(Canada)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Senior public servants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive government</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown-in-Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown-in-Council (page does not exist)">Crown-in-Council</a>) includes many organizations not designated as departments including special operating agencies – such as <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">military</a>, departments which function more as an "administrative umbrella", such as <a href="/wiki/Public_Safety_Canada" title="Public Safety Canada">Public Safety Canada</a>, which comprises six agencies, as well as <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a>. As such, various organizations' senior leadership (commissioner, chief executive, etc.) while not explicitly deputy ministers, exercise similar functions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clerk_of_the_Privy_Council">Clerk of the Privy Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_minister_(Canada)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clerk of the Privy Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most senior deputy minister in the Canadian federal government is the <a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Privy_Council_(Canada)" title="Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada)">clerk of the Privy Council</a>, who is deputy minister to the Prime Minister and head of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_of_Canada" title="Public Service of Canada">Public Service of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the provinces and territories, the position fulfils a similar function as the most senior public servant and is called the cabinet secretary or clerk of the executive council. This person, along with their staff, typically develops agendas for regular Cabinet meetings, reconciles differences between departments, guides major policy initiatives, and coordinates the appointments of departmental heads. The position reports directly to the relevant prime minister and is typically among the most seasoned, influential, and low profile of public servants. </p><p>The Australian equivalent is the secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)">Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet</a>, and the British equivalent is the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary">Cabinet Secretary</a>. The equivalent in the provincial governments of Canada is the named "Deputy Minister of Executive Council and Secretary to Cabinet" (Alberta), "Deputy Minister to the Premier and Cabinet Secretary" (Saskatchewan) or similar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_senior_leadership">Other senior leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_minister_(Canada)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other senior leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Associate deputy ministers are deputy ministers in waiting, often assigned to a specific project or initiative pending appointment to lead a department. Assistant deputy ministers are operational positions, usually carrying responsibility for particular functions or budgets within a department. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_minister_(Canada)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Robert J. and Doreen Jackson. <i>Politics in Canada: Culture, Institutions, Behavior and Public Policy</i>. 6th ed. (Toronto: Prentice Hall, 2006). p355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/privy-council/services/publications/guidance-deputy-ministers.html">"Guidance for Deputy Ministers"</a>. Government of Canada. 13 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guidance+for+Deputy+Ministers&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fprivy-council%2Fservices%2Fpublications%2Fguidance-deputy-ministers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+minister+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher A. Cooper, "The Rise of Court Government? Testing the Centralisation of Power Thesis with Longitudinal Data from Canada", <i>Parliamentary Affairs</i>, Volume 70, Issue 3, July 2017, pages 589–610. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpa%2Fgsx003">10.1093/pa/gsx003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/groupaction/v2fullreport/CISPAA_Report_Chapter5.pdf">"The Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Deputy Ministers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028193651/https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/groupaction/v2fullreport/CISPAA_Report_Chapter5.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Responsibilities+and+Accountabilities+of+Deputy+Ministers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews2%2Fbackground%2Fgroupaction%2Fv2fullreport%2FCISPAA_Report_Chapter5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+minister+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/groupaction/v2fullreport/CISPAA_Vol1_7.pdf">"The Staffing and Evaluation of Canadian Deputy Ministers in Comparative Westminster Perspective: a Proposal for Reform"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405041536/https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/groupaction/v2fullreport/CISPAA_Vol1_7.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Staffing+and+Evaluation+of+Canadian+Deputy+Ministers+in+Comparative+Westminster+Perspective%3A+a+Proposal+for+Reform&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews2%2Fbackground%2Fgroupaction%2Fv2fullreport%2FCISPAA_Vol1_7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+minister+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_minister_(Canada)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geds-sage.gc.ca/en/GEDS/?pgid=016&fid=11">Departmental Deputy Ministers - Canada (current list)</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐57488d5c7d‐9ftvn Cached time: 20241128023530 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.279 seconds Real time usage: 0.362 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 777/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15726/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2866/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23742/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.198/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16167234/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 338.941 1 -total 49.59% 168.069 1 Template:Infobox_occupation 48.16% 163.241 1 Template:Infobox 30.16% 102.211 1 Template:Reflist 27.97% 94.803 1 Template:Small 27.62% 93.604 1 Template:Nobold 26.16% 88.675 1 Template:Lang 23.19% 78.601 3 Template:Cite_web 17.91% 60.691 1 Template:Short_description 9.89% 33.526 3 Template:Hlist --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:908538-0!canonical and timestamp 20241128023530 and revision id 1253215986. 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