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href="#Numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Computer support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency_signs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency_signs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Currency signs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency_signs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letterforms_and_type_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letterforms_and_type_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Letterforms and type design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letterforms_and_type_design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Letterforms and type design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Letterforms_and_type_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lowercase_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lowercase_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lowercase forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lowercase_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italic_and_cursive_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italic_and_cursive_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Italic and cursive forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italic_and_cursive_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessing_variant_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessing_variant_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Accessing variant forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessing_variant_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyrillic_alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyrillic_alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cyrillic alphabets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyrillic_alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_of_Cyrillic_versus_other_scripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_of_Cyrillic_versus_other_scripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Usage of Cyrillic versus other scripts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage_of_Cyrillic_versus_other_scripts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage of Cyrillic versus other scripts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage_of_Cyrillic_versus_other_scripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latin_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Latin script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Romanization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyrillization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyrillization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Cyrillization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyrillization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Summary table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Computer encoding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Computer_encoding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Computer encoding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Computer_encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keyboard_layouts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboard_layouts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Keyboard layouts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboard_layouts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet_top-level_domains_in_Cyrillic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_top-level_domains_in_Cyrillic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Internet top-level domains in Cyrillic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_top-level_domains_in_Cyrillic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyrillic script</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 166 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrilliese_skrif" title="Cyrilliese skrif – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cyrilliese skrif" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrillisches_Alphabet" title="Kyrillisches Alphabet – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kyrillisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%82%E1%88%AA%E1%88%8E%E1%88%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8B%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B5" title="የቂሪሎስ አልፋቤት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቂሪሎስ አልፋቤት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Акириллица – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акириллица" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كتابة كريلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتابة كريلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cirilico" title="Alfabeto cirilico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfabeto cirilico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_cir%C3%ADlicu" title="Alfabetu cirílicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu cirílicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%C3%ADlo_achegety" title="Sirílo achegety – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sirílo achegety" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B8" title="Кириллияб хъвай-хъвагӀи – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кириллияб хъвай-хъвагӀи" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiril_qrafikas%C4%B1" title="Kiril qrafikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kiril qrafikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کیریل الیفباسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیریل الیفباسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="সিরিলীয় লিপি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিরিলীয় লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Sirilik" title="Abjad Sirilik – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Abjad Sirilik" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiril_b%C3%BBn-j%C4%AB" title="Kiril bûn-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiril bûn-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кірыліца – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кірыліца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кірыліца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кірыліца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кирилица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кирилица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrillischs_Oiphabet" title="Kyrillischs Oiphabet – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kyrillischs Oiphabet" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ćirilica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_kirillek" title="Lizherenneg kirillek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg kirillek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Кирилл үзэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Кирилл үзэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_cir%C3%ADl%C2%B7lic" title="Alfabet ciríl·lic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet ciríl·lic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrilice" title="Cyrilice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cyrilice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keruro_ye_Chikriri" title="Keruro ye Chikriri – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Keruro ye Chikriri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_wyddor_Gyrilig" title="Yr wyddor Gyrilig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr wyddor Gyrilig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kyrilliske_alfabet" title="Det kyrilliske alfabet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det kyrilliske alfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrillala%C5%A1_alfabehta" title="Kyrillalaš alfabehta – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kyrillalaš alfabehta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrillisches_Alphabet" title="Kyrillisches Alphabet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kyrillisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriliski_alfabet" title="Kyriliski alfabet – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kyriliski alfabet" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirillitsa" title="Kirillitsa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirillitsa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Κυριλλικό αλφάβητο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυριλλικό αλφάβητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cir%C3%ADlico" title="Alfabeto cirílico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto cirílico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirila_alfabeto" title="Cirila alfabeto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cirila alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_ziriliko" title="Alfabeto ziriliko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabeto ziriliko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="خط سیریلیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط سیریلیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_akchhar" title="Cyrillic akchhar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cyrillic akchhar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_cyrillique" title="Alphabet cyrillique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet cyrillique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrillysk_alfabet" title="Syrillysk alfabet – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Syrillysk alfabet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_cirilic" title="Alfabet cirilic – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alfabet cirilic" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aib%C3%ADtir_Choireallach" title="Aibítir Choireallach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aibítir Choireallach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Kyrillagh" title="Abbyrlhit Kyrillagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Kyrillagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aibidil_Cirileach" title="Aibidil Cirileach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aibidil Cirileach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cir%C3%ADlico" title="Alfabeto cirílico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto cirílico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里爾字母 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="西里爾字母" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐌰𐌶𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌳𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐌰𐌶𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyril_S%E1%B9%B3-m%C3%BB" title="Kyril Sṳ-mû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kyril Sṳ-mû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Кирилл бичиг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Кирилл бичиг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A6%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="키릴 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키릴 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Կյուրեղագիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կյուրեղագիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="सीरिलिक लिपि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीरिलिक लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriliski_alfabet" title="Kyriliski alfabet – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kyriliski alfabet" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ćirilica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirila_alfabeto" title="Kirila alfabeto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kirila alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinuratan_a_Siriliko" title="Sinuratan a Siriliko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sinuratan a Siriliko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril" title="Alfabet Kiril – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Kiril" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabeto_cyrillic" title="Alphabeto cyrillic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alphabeto cyrillic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кириллон алфавит – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кириллон алфавит" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BDrill%C3%ADskt_stafr%C3%B3f" title="Kýrillískt stafróf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kýrillískt stafróf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico" title="Alfabeto cirillico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto cirillico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99" title="אלפבית קירילי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית קירילי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t_Kiril" title="Alfabèt Kiril – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alfabèt Kiril" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90" title="კირილიცა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კირილიცა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrypt_kyrillek" title="Skrypt kyrillek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Skrypt kyrillek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisirili" title="Kisirili – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kisirili" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8_sirilik" title="Alfabè sirilik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alfabè sirilik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalfab%C3%A9_sirilik" title="Lalfabé sirilik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lalfabé sirilik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_zirilich" title="Alfabet zirilich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alfabet zirilich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abecedarium_Cyrillicum" title="Abecedarium Cyrillicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abecedarium Cyrillicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirilica" title="Kirilica – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kirilica" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrillescht_Alphabet" title="Kyrillescht Alphabet – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kyrillescht Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirilica" title="Kirilica – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kirilica" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_cirilica" title="Alfabeta cirilica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta cirilica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abecee_cirillegh" title="Abecee cirillegh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Abecee cirillegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirill_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9" title="Cirill ábécé – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cirill ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кирилица – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кирилица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarehin-tsoratra_sirilika" title="Tarehin-tsoratra sirilika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tarehin-tsoratra sirilika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="സിറിലിക് ലിപി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിറിലിക് ലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="सिरिलिक लिपी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिरिलिक लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90" title="კირილიცა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კირილიცა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="حروف كيريلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حروف كيريلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="سیریلیک الفبا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سیریلیک الفبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Cyril" title="Abjad Cyril – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad Cyril" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Sirilik" title="Aksara Sirilik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Aksara Sirilik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyril_c%C3%AA-m%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Kyril cê-mō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kyril cê-mō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Криллицась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Криллицась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Кирилл бичиг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кирилл бичиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirilo_%C4%ABmachiy%C5%8Dtlaht%C5%8Dltecpantiliz" title="Cirilo īmachiyōtlahtōltecpantiliz – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cirilo īmachiyōtlahtōltecpantiliz" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillisch_schrift" title="Cyrillisch schrift – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cyrillisch schrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="सिरिलिक लिपि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिरिलिक लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="キリル文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キリル文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrilisk_skraft" title="Kyrilisk skraft – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kyrilisk skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kyrilliske_alfabetet" title="Det kyrilliske alfabetet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det kyrilliske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kyrilliske_alfabetet" title="Det kyrilliske alfabetet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det kyrilliske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_b_c_Cyrillique" title="A b c Cyrillique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="A b c Cyrillique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_cirillic" title="Alfabet cirillic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet cirillic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill_alifbosi" title="Kirill alifbosi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kirill alifbosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="سیریلک لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیریلک لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfab%C3%A8t_sir%C3%ADliko" title="Álfabèt siríliko – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Álfabèt siríliko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="سيريليک ليکدود – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سيريليک ليکدود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_cirilike" title="Alfabet cirilike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alfabet cirilike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_sir%C3%AClich" title="Alfabet sirìlich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfabet sirìlich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrillsche_Schrift" title="Kyrillsche Schrift – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kyrillsche Schrift" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrylica" title="Cyrylica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cyrylica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cir%C3%ADlico" title="Alfabeto cirílico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto cirílico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiril_elifbesi" title="Kiril elifbesi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kiril elifbesi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Alfabetul chirilic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul chirilic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirilitsa" title="Kirilitsa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kirilitsa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Кіріліця – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кіріліця" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AF" title="ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_tzir%C3%ACllicu" title="Alfabetu tzirìllicu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alfabetu tzirìllicu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cyrillic script" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_cirilik" title="Alfabeti cirilik – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti cirilik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arfabbetu_cir%C3%ACllicu" title="Arfabbetu cirìllicu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arfabbetu cirìllicu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cyrillic script" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="سيريلي رسم الخط – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سيريلي رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrilika" title="Cyrilika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cyrilika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirilica" title="Cirilica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cirilica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BA%EA%99%91" title="Гражданьска аꙁъбоукꙑ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Гражданьска аꙁъбоукꙑ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrylica" title="Cyrylica – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cyrylica" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifbeetada_Kiriiliga" title="Alifbeetada Kiriiliga – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alifbeetada Kiriiliga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8E%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ئەلفوبێی سیرلیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفوبێی سیرلیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Ћирилица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћирилица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ćirilica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A9t_Kirilik" title="Alfabét Kirilik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alfabét Kirilik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrillinen_kirjaimisto" title="Kyrillinen kirjaimisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyrillinen kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrilliska_alfabetet" title="Kyrilliska alfabetet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kyrilliska alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabetong_Siriliko" title="Alpabetong Siriliko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpabetong Siriliko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சிரில்லிக் எழுத்துக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிரில்லிக் எழுத்துக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%CA%B7mmay_Akiril" title="Agʷmmay Akiril – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Agʷmmay Akiril" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agemmay_ssirilik" title="Agemmay ssirilik – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agemmay ssirilik" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabb%C3%A8te_cirilleche" title="Alfabbète cirilleche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Alfabbète cirilleche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรซีริลลิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรซีริลลิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Алифбои кирилликӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алифбои кирилликӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiril_alfabesi" title="Kiril alfabesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kiril alfabesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiril_elipbi%C3%BDi" title="Kiril elipbiýi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kiril elipbiýi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кирилл бижик – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Кирилл бижик" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кириллица – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кириллица" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Кирилиця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кирилиця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="سیریلی رسم الخط – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیریلی رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirilline_kirjami%C5%A1t" title="Kirilline kirjamišt – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kirilline kirjamišt" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Kirin" title="Chữ Kirin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Kirin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafab_kirilik" title="Lafab kirilik – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lafab kirilik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里爾字母 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西里爾字母" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillisch_schrift" title="Cyrillisch schrift – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Cyrillisch schrift" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciriliko_nga_Abakadahan" title="Ciriliko nga Abakadahan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ciriliko nga Abakadahan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西里尔字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98" title="קירילישע שריפט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קירילישע שריפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="基里爾字母 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基里爾字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabey_K%C4%B1rilki" title="Alfabey Kırilki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabey Kırilki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97r%C4%97l%C4%97ca" title="Kėrėlėca – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėrėlėca" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cyrillic+script%22">"Cyrillic script"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cyrillic+script%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cyrillic+script%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cyrillic+script%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cyrillic+script%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cyrillic+script%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Cyrillic script<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanian_Cyrillic_-_Lord%27s_Prayer_text.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Romanian_Cyrillic_-_Lord%27s_Prayer_text.svg/220px-Romanian_Cyrillic_-_Lord%27s_Prayer_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Romanian_Cyrillic_-_Lord%27s_Prayer_text.svg/330px-Romanian_Cyrillic_-_Lord%27s_Prayer_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Romanian_Cyrillic_-_Lord%27s_Prayer_text.svg/440px-Romanian_Cyrillic_-_Lord%27s_Prayer_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="373" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">1850s Romanian text (Lord's Prayer), written with the Cyrillic script</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Earliest variants</a> exist <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 893</span><sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 940</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8209?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Official script</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; line-height: 2.0em; border: none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em;"><div>8 sovereign states</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; padding: 6px 0; background-color: none; text-align: left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; line-height: 2.0em; border: none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em;"><div>5 intergovernmental organizations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; padding: 6px 0; background-color: none; text-align: left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> </li></ul> </div> <p>Co-official script in: </p> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; line-height: 2.0em; border: none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em;"><div>5<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sovereign states and 2* disputed territories</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; padding: 6px 0; background-color: none; text-align: left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>* </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>*<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Kazakh language is confirmed to be transitioned to a Latin script beginning in 2023, a cite should be added if the transition has already begun or see is going to later during the year. As long as Russian is the second official language in the country, Kazakhstan should not be removed from the list (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Languages using Cyrillic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek script">Greek script</a> augmented by <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Cyrillic script">Early Cyrillic script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Cyrillic script</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Cyrl</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(220)</span>, Cyrillic <br /><code>Cyrs</code> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> variant)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Cyrillic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf">U+0400–U+04FF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0500.pdf">U+0500–U+052F</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Supplement</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2DE0.pdf">U+2DE0–U+2DFF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Extended-A</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA640.pdf">U+A640–U+A69F</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Extended-B</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1C80.pdf">U+1C80–U+1C8F</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Extended-C</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1E030.pdf">U+1E030–U+1E08F</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Extended-D</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">Names: <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: <span lang="be">кірыліца</span>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">кирилица</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bg-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">[ˈkirilit͡sɐ]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: <span lang="mk">кирилица</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Macedonian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">[[kiˈrilit͡sa]]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">кириллица</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[kʲɪˈrʲilʲɪtsə]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">ћирилица</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Serbian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[[t͡ɕiˈrilit͡sa]]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">кирилиця</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="uk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[keˈrɪɫet͡sʲɐ]</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>Cyrillic script</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/12\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Cyrillic.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Cyrillic.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Cyrillic.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Cyrillic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Cyrillic.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Cyrillic.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Cyrillic.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sih-<span style="font-size:90%">RIL</span>-ik</i></a>), <b>Slavonic script</b> or simply <b>Slavic script</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> used for various languages across <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>. It is the designated national script in various <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian languages">Caucasian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranic</a>-speaking countries in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">Southeastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, and used by many other minority languages.<br /> </p><p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> accounting for about half of them.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bulgaria_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Bulgaria to the European Union">accession of Bulgaria to the European Union</a> on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union#Writing_systems" title="Languages of the European Union">European Union</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> alphabets.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic alphabet</a> was developed during the 9th century AD at the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I the Great</a>, probably by the disciples of the two <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> brothers <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a>, who had previously created the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a>. Among them were <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Ohrid" title="Clement of Ohrid">Clement of Ohrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naum_of_Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Naum of Preslav">Naum of Preslav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Preslav" title="Constantine of Preslav">Constantine of Preslav</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Exarch" title="John the Exarch">Joan Ekzarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chernorizets_Hrabar" title="Chernorizets Hrabar">Chernorizets Hrabar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Angelar" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Angelar">Angelar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava_(disciple_of_Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius)" title="Saint Sava (disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius)">Sava</a> and other scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The script is named in honor of <a href="/wiki/Cyril_the_Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril the Philosopher">Saint Cyril</a>. </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cyrillic letter</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox nomobile" style="width: 14em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyrillic script</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">А</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="A with acute (Cyrillic)">А́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="A with grave (Cyrillic)">А̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="A with circumflex (Cyrillic)">А̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="A with macron (Cyrillic)">А̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="A with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӓ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Б</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">В</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Г</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ghe_with_upturn" title="Ghe with upturn">Ґ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">Д</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">Ђ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gje" title="Gje">Ѓ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">Е</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye with acute">Е́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_grave" title="Ye with grave">Ѐ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_circumflex" title="Ye with circumflex">Е̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_macron" title="Ye with macron">Е̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yo_(Cyrillic)" title="Yo (Cyrillic)">Ё</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye" title="Ukrainian Ye">Є</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">Ж</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">З</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zje" title="Zje">З́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ѕ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">И</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Dotted I (Cyrillic)">І</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yi_(Cyrillic)" title="Yi (Cyrillic)">Ї</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iota_(Cyrillic)" title="Iota (Cyrillic)">Ꙇ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="I with acute (Cyrillic)">И́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="I with grave (Cyrillic)">Ѝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="I with circumflex (Cyrillic)">И̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="I with macron (Cyrillic)">Ӣ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Short_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Short I (Cyrillic)">Й</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="I with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Je_(Cyrillic)" title="Je (Cyrillic)">Ј</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">К</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje">Љ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">М</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje">Њ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">О</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="O with acute (Cyrillic)">О́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="O with grave (Cyrillic)">О̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="O with circumflex (Cyrillic)">О̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="O with macron (Cyrillic)">Ō</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="O with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӧ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">П</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">С</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sje" title="Sje">С́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Т</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kje" title="Kje">Ќ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)">У</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="U with acute (Cyrillic)">У́</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="U with grave (Cyrillic)">У̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="U with circumflex (Cyrillic)">У̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="U with macron (Cyrillic)">Ӯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Short_U_(Cyrillic)" title="Short U (Cyrillic)">Ў</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="U with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӱ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">Ф</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">Ц</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">Ч</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe">Џ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">Ш</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shcha" title="Shcha">Щ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Yer" title="Neutral Yer"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙏ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign">Ъ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign_with_grave" title="Hard sign with grave">Ъ̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ы</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yery with acute">Ы́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Ь</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">Ѣ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_(Cyrillic)" title="E (Cyrillic)">Э</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="E with acute (Cyrillic)">Э́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)">Ю</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu with acute">Ю́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_grave" title="Yu with grave">Ю̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Cyrillic)" title="Ya (Cyrillic)">Я</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya with acute">Я́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_grave" title="Ya with grave">Я̀</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">Non-Slavic letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="A with breve (Cyrillic)">Ӑ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_ring_above_(Cyrillic)" title="A with ring above (Cyrillic)">А̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="A with tilde (Cyrillic)">А̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="A with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic)">Ӓ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(Cyrillic)" title="Ӕ (Cyrillic)">Ӕ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_(Cyrillic)" title="Schwa (Cyrillic)">Ә</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_acute" title="Schwa with acute">Ә́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_tilde" title="Schwa with tilde">Ә̃</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_diaeresis" title="Schwa with diaeresis">Ӛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ve_with_caron" title="Ve with caron">В̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/We_(Cyrillic)" title="We (Cyrillic)">Ԝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_inverted_breve" title="Ge with inverted breve">Г̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with dot above (page does not exist)">Г̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_dot_below" title="Ge with dot below">Г̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_caron" title="Ge with caron">Г̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with circumflex (page does not exist)">Г̂</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_breve" title="Ge with breve">Г̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_diaeresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with diaeresis">Г̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with ring above (page does not exist)">г̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_middle_hook" title="Ge with middle hook">Ҕ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke" title="Ge with stroke">Ғ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_descender" title="Ge with stroke and descender"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with stroke and hook">Ӻ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_caron" title="Ge with stroke and caron">Ғ̌</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_stroke_and_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with stroke and ring above (page does not exist)">ғ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_descender" title="Ge with descender">Ӷ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_hook" title="Ge with hook">Г̡</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with acute (page does not exist)">Д́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_caron" title="De with caron">Д̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Д̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with dot below (page does not exist)">Д̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_breve" title="De with breve">Д̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_breve" title="Ye with breve">Ӗ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_tilde" title="Ye with tilde">Е̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yo_with_macron" title="Yo with macron">Ё̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye_with_diaeresis" title="Ukrainian Ye with diaeresis">Є̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Ze" title="Reversed Ze">Ԑ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Ze_with_diaeresis" title="Reversed Ze with diaeresis">Ԑ̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhje" title="Zhje">Җ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_diaeresis" title="Zhe with diaeresis">Ӝ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_breve" title="Zhe with breve">Ӂ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with dot below (page does not exist)">Ж̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Dhe (Cyrillic)">Ҙ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_with_diaeresis" title="Ze with diaeresis">Ӟ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_with_caron" title="Ze with caron">З̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with dot below (page does not exist)">З̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with breve (page does not exist)">З̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Dze" title="Abkhazian Dze">Ӡ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="I with tilde (Cyrillic)">И̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Short_I_with_tail" title="Short I with tail">Ҋ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_descender" title="Ka with descender">Қ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_hook" title="Ka with hook">Ӄ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Qa" title="Bashkir Qa">Ҡ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_stroke" title="Ka with stroke">Ҟ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_vertical_stroke" title="Ka with vertical stroke">Ҝ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with dot below (page does not exist)">К̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with ring above (page does not exist)">к̊</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qaf_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qaf with ring above (page does not exist)">қ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Qa_(Cyrillic)" title="Qa (Cyrillic)">Ԛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E1%B4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ᴫ">ᴫ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with acute (page does not exist)">Л́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_tail" title="El with tail">Ӆ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_descender" title="El with descender">Ԯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_hook" title="El with hook">Ԓ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Л̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Em_with_tail" title="Em with tail">Ӎ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Superscript_En" title="Superscript En">ᵸ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with acute (page does not exist)">Н́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_tail" title="En with tail">Ӊ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_descender" title="En with descender">Ң</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_left_hook" title="En with left hook">Ԩ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_hook" title="En with hook">Ӈ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/En-ge" title="En-ge">Ҥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="O with breve (Cyrillic)">О̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="O with tilde (Cyrillic)">О̃</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Ӧ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_(Cyrillic)" title="Oe (Cyrillic)">Ө</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_macron" title="Oe with macron">Ө̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oe_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oe with acute (page does not exist)">Ө́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_breve" title="Oe with breve">Ө̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_diaeresis" title="Oe with diaeresis">Ӫ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_with_descender" title="Pe with descender">Ԥ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with diaeresis (page does not exist)">П̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_caron" title="Er with caron">Р̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_tick" title="Er with tick">Ҏ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with caron (page does not exist)">С̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/The_(Cyrillic)" title="The (Cyrillic)">Ҫ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_dot_below_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with dot below (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">С̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with macron below (page does not exist)">С̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with acute (page does not exist)">Т́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Т̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_caron" title="Te with caron">Т̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with dot above (page does not exist)">Т̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with dot below (page does not exist)">Т̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_descender" title="Te with descender">Ҭ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tje" title="Tje">Ᲊ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="U with tilde (Cyrillic)">У̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_double_acute_(Cyrillic)" title="U with double acute (Cyrillic)">Ӳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_ring_above_(Cyrillic)" title="U with ring above (Cyrillic)">У̊</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Ӱ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Short_U" title="Kazakh Short U">Ұ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ue_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue (Cyrillic)">Ү</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ue_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue with acute (Cyrillic)">Ү́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with dot below (page does not exist)">Х̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with macron below (page does not exist)">Х̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_inverted_breve_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with inverted breve below (page does not exist)">Х̮</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_inverted_breve" title="Kha with inverted breve">Х̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_caron" class="mw-redirect" title="Kha with caron">Х̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_descender" title="Kha with descender">Ҳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_hook" title="Kha with hook">Ӽ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with ring above (page does not exist)">х̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_stroke" title="Kha with stroke">Ӿ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_stroke_and_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with stroke and ring above (page does not exist)">ӿ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shha" title="Shha">Һ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shha_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shha with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Һ̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_descender" title="Shha with descender">Ԧ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with caron (page does not exist)">Ц̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Ц̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Te Tse (Cyrillic)">Ҵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_descender" title="Che with descender">Ҷ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_descender_and_dot_below" title="Che with descender and dot below">Ҷ̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_diaeresis" title="Che with diaeresis">Ӵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Khakassian_Che" title="Khakassian Che">Ӌ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Che_with_hook" title="Che with hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_vertical_stroke" title="Che with vertical stroke">Ҹ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with dot above (page does not exist)">Ч̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_dot_below" title="Che with dot below">Ч̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Che" title="Abkhazian Che">Ҽ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Che_with_descender" title="Abkhazian Che with descender">Ҿ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with dot below (page does not exist)">Ш̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Unicode_superscripts_and_subscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode superscripts and subscripts">ꚜ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_breve" title="Yery with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ы̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_macron" title="Yery with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ы̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_diaeresis" title="Yery with diaeresis">Ӹ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Unicode_superscripts_and_subscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode superscripts and subscripts">ꚝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Semisoft_sign" title="Semisoft sign">Ҍ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/O-hook" title="O-hook">Ҩ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="E with breve (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Э̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="E with macron (Cyrillic)">Э̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_dot_above_(Cyrillic)" title="E with dot above (Cyrillic)">Э̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="E with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӭ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_diaeresis_and_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with diaeresis and acute (page does not exist)">Ӭ́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_diaeresis_and_macron" class="mw-redirect" title="E with diaeresis and macron">Ӭ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_breve" title="Yu with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̆</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_diaeresis" title="Yu with diaeresis"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̈</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_macron" title="Yu with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_breve" title="Ya with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_macron" title="Ya with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_diaeresis" title="Ya with diaeresis"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̈</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Palochka" title="Palochka">Ӏ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter apostrophe">ʼ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_double_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter double apostrophe">ˮ</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Archaic</a> or unused letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Script_A" title="Script A"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="203" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)" title="A with ogonek (Cyrillic)">А̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be with grave (page does not exist)">Б̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Be_with_dot_below" title="Be with dot below">Б̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be_with_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be with macron (page does not exist)">Б̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ve_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ve with grave (page does not exist)">В̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with grave (page does not exist)">Г̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_cedilla" title="Ge with cedilla"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Г̧</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_macron" title="Ge with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Г̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with comma (page does not exist)">Г̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_middle_hook_and_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with middle hook and grave (page does not exist)">Ҕ̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_middle_hook_and_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with middle hook and breve (page does not exist)">Ҕ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge_split_by_middle_ring" title="Ge split by middle ring"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_De" title="Komi De">Ԁ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with comma (page does not exist)">Д̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with grave (page does not exist)">Д̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_ogonek" class="mw-redirect" title="De with ogonek">Д̨</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Dje" title="Komi Dje">Ԃ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Dwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚁ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_De" title="Soft De"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙣ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye with dot above (page does not exist)">Е̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye with ogonek (page does not exist)">Е̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with grave (page does not exist)">Ж̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ж̑</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_stroke" title="Zhe with stroke"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Je_with_belt" title="Je with belt"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙃ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ꙅ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Dje with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzhe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzhe with breve (page does not exist)">Џ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhwe" title="Zhwe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚅ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhwe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhwe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚅ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙁ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with grave (page does not exist)">З̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with inverted breve (page does not exist)">З̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Zje" title="Komi Zje">Ԅ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Dzje" title="Komi Dzje">Ԇ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzze" title="Dzze"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚉ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzzhe" title="Dzzhe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԫ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Dzwe" title="Dzwe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚃ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Hwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚕ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_Cil_top" title="Shha with Cil top"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Shha with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with circumflex (page does not exist)">І̂</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with dot below (page does not exist)">І̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with ogonek (page does not exist)">І̨</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_with_curve_at_bottom" title="Dotted I with curve at bottom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Je_with_stroke_(Cyrillic)" title="Je with stroke (Cyrillic)">Ј̵</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Je_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Je with tilde (page does not exist)">Ј̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Djerv" title="Djerv"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙉ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with comma (page does not exist)">К̓</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_grave" title="Ka with grave">К̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with breve (page does not exist)">К̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_hook_and_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with hook and breve (page does not exist)">Ӄ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with inverted breve (page does not exist)">К̑</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with dot above (page does not exist)">К̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with diaeresis (page does not exist)">К̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_macron" title="Ka with macron">К̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Aleut_Ka" title="Aleut Ka"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԟ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_circumflex" title="Ka with circumflex">К̂</a></td><td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_loop" title="Ka with loop"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_ascender" title="Ka with ascender"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with grave (page does not exist)">Л̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_middle_hook" title="El with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԡ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_El" title="Soft El"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙥ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Lje" title="Komi Lje">Ԉ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Л̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with dot above (page does not exist)">Л̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lha_(Cyrillic)" title="Lha (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԕ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_with_retroflex_hook" title="El with retroflex hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Er" title="El Er"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Te_El_with_retroflex_hook" title="Te El with retroflex hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Em_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Em with grave (page does not exist)">М̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Em_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Em with tilde (page does not exist)">М̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_Em" title="Soft Em"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙧ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with grave (page does not exist)">Н̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_macron" title="En with macron">Н̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with cedilla (page does not exist)">Н̧</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with tilde (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Н̃</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Nje" title="Komi Nje">Ԋ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_middle_hook" title="En with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԣ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_palatal_hook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with palatal hook (page does not exist)">Н̡</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Broad_On" title="Broad On">Ѻ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Monocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙩ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Binocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙫ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Double_monocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙭ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Multiocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">ꙮ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Double_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants">Ꚙ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Crossed_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚛ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_open_top" title="O with open top"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_open_bottom" title="O with open bottom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_left_notch" title="O with left notch"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with comma (page does not exist)">П̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with grave (page does not exist)">П̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with acute (page does not exist)">П́</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_with_middle_hook" title="Pe with middle hook">Ҧ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with cedilla (page does not exist)">П̧</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with inverted breve (page does not exist)">П̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">Ҁ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qa_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qa with breve (page does not exist)">Ԛ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_hook" title="Shha with hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/7px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/11px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with acute (page does not exist)">Р́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with grave (page does not exist)">Р̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with tilde (page does not exist)">Р̃</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Split_at_right_Er" title="Split at right Er"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/6px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/9px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Rha_(Cyrillic)" title="Rha (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԗ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with grave (page does not exist)">С̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Es_with_diaeresis" title="Es with diaeresis">С̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Sje" title="Komi Sje">Ԍ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The with comma (page does not exist)">Ҫ̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Long_Es" title="Long Es"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with comma (page does not exist)">Т̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with grave (page does not exist)">Т̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Tje" title="Komi Tje">Ԏ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Т̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_middle_hook" title="Te with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚋ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with cedilla (page does not exist)">Т̧</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Twe" title="Twe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚍ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚍ̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Te_El" title="Te El"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_El" title="Voiceless El"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_El_with_comma" title="Voiceless El with comma"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)">Ѹ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙋ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Script_U" title="Script U"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/11px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/17px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/22px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_dot_above_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with dot above (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">У̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with ogonek (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">У̨</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uk_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uk with acute (page does not exist)">ꙋ́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ef_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ef with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ф̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ef_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ef with comma (page does not exist)">Ф̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with acute (page does not exist)">Х́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with grave (page does not exist)">Х̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with breve (page does not exist)">Х̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with dot above (page does not exist)">Х̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with cedilla (page does not exist)">Х̧</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_vertical_tilde" title="Kha with vertical tilde">Х̾</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with comma (page does not exist)">Х̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Ha" title="Bashkir Ha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shha_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shha with macron below (page does not exist)">һ̱</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѡ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙍ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѽ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ot_(Cyrillic)" title="Ot (Cyrillic)">Ѿ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Tse" title="Reversed Tse"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙡ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with grave (page does not exist)">Ц̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with acute (page does not exist)">Ц́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with comma (page does not exist)">Ц̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tse_with_long_left_leg" title="Tse with long left leg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/10px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/20px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tswe" title="Tswe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚏ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tswe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tswe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚏ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cil_(Cyrillic)" title="Cil (Cyrillic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cil_with_bar" title="Cil with bar"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tsse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tsse (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚑ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with acute (page does not exist)">Ч́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with grave (page does not exist)">Ч̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with breve (page does not exist)">Ч̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ч̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with comma (page does not exist)">Ч̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Char_(Cyrillic)" title="Char (Cyrillic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/10px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/20px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Char_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Char with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dche" title="Dche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԭ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tche" title="Tche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚓ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cche" class="mw-redirect" title="Cche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚇ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cche_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cche with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚇ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkhazian_Che_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abkhazian Che with breve (page does not exist)">Ҽ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with grave (page does not exist)">Ш̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sha_with_breve" title="Sha with breve">Ш̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ш̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shcha_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shcha with breve (page does not exist)">Щ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Shwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚗ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shwe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shwe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚗ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Che_Sha" title="Che Sha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/27px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/36px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with macron (page does not exist)">Ъ̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_diaresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with diaresis (page does not exist)">Ъ̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_diaresis_and_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with diaresis and macron (page does not exist)">Ъ̈̄</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ꙑ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yery_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yery with circumflex (page does not exist)">Ы̂</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yery_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yery with tilde (page does not exist)">Ы̃</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_connecting_stroke" title="Yery with connecting stroke"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/11px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/17px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/22px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yat with acute">Ѣ́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat_with_diaeresis" title="Yat with diaeresis">Ѣ̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yat_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yat with breve (page does not exist)">Ѣ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙓ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with ogonek (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Э̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with circumflex (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Э̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Yu" class="mw-redirect" title="Reversed Yu">Ꙕ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_wth_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yu wth circumflex (page does not exist)">Ю̂</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_uk" title="Iotated uk"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/32px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_uk_with_breve" title="Iotated uk with breve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/14px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/21px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/28px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A" title="Iotated A">Ꙗ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya with circumflex (page does not exist)">Я̂</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya with ogonek (page does not exist)">Я̨</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yae_(Cyrillic)" title="Yae (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԙ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_E" title="Iotated E">Ѥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѧ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙙ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѫ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ꙛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѩ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙝ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѭ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic)" title="Ksi (Cyrillic)">Ѯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">Ѱ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">Ѳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѷ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yn" title="Yn"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙟ</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below plainlist" style="background:#efefef;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_letters" title="List of Cyrillic letters">List of Cyrillic letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_multigraphs" title="List of Cyrillic multigraphs">List of Cyrillic multigraphs</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Template talk:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the script was conceived and popularised by the followers of <a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a> in Bulgaria, rather than by Cyril and Methodius themselves,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its name denotes homage rather than authorship.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic alphabet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png/220px-Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png/330px-Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png/440px-Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana_p169_Serbian_Alphabet_Serbian_Language_Serbian_Literatue_Saint_Cyril_and_Metodius_Illyrian_2_pages.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana">Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana</a> attributed <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic script</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Saint Cyril and Methodius</a>,14th century </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krepchanski_manastir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Krepchanski_manastir.jpg/220px-Krepchanski_manastir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Krepchanski_manastir.jpg/330px-Krepchanski_manastir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Krepchanski_manastir.jpg/440px-Krepchanski_manastir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1977" data-file-height="1309" /></a><figcaption>View of the cave monastery near the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krepcha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krepcha (page does not exist)">Krepcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opaka_Municipality" title="Opaka Municipality">Opaka Municipality</a> in Bulgaria. Here is found the oldest Cyrillic inscription, dated 921.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azbuka_1574_by_Ivan_Fyodorov_v3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Azbuka_1574_by_Ivan_Fyodorov_v3.png/220px-Azbuka_1574_by_Ivan_Fyodorov_v3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Azbuka_1574_by_Ivan_Fyodorov_v3.png/330px-Azbuka_1574_by_Ivan_Fyodorov_v3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Azbuka_1574_by_Ivan_Fyodorov_v3.png/440px-Azbuka_1574_by_Ivan_Fyodorov_v3.png 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>A page from Буквар (ABC (Reader)), the first Old Slavonic textbook, printed by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fedorov_(printer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Fedorov (printer)">Ivan Fyodorov</a> in 1574 in Lviv. This page features the Cyrillic alphabet.</figcaption></figure><p>The Cyrillic script was created during the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cubberley1996_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cubberley1996-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars believe that the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic alphabet</a> was created at the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a>, the most important early literary and cultural center of the First Bulgarian Empire and of all <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>: </p><blockquote><p>Unlike the Churchmen in Ohrid, Preslav scholars were much more dependent upon Greek models and quickly abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic scripts</a> in favor of an adaptation of the Greek uncial to the needs of Slavic, which is now known as the Cyrillic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A number of prominent Bulgarian writers and scholars worked at the school, including <a href="/wiki/Naum_of_Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Naum of Preslav">Naum of Preslav</a> until 893; <a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Preslav" title="Constantine of Preslav">Constantine of Preslav</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_the_Exarch" title="John the Exarch">Joan Ekzarh</a> (also transcr. John the Exarch); and <a href="/wiki/Chernorizets_Hrabar" title="Chernorizets Hrabar">Chernorizets Hrabar</a>, among others. The school was also a center of translation, mostly of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> authors. The Cyrillic script is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek uncial script</a> letters, augmented by <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a> and consonants from the older Glagolitic alphabet for sounds not found in Greek. Glagolitic and Cyrillic were formalized by the Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a> and their Bulgarian disciples, such as Saints <a href="/wiki/Saint_Naum" title="Saint Naum">Naum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Ohrid" title="Clement of Ohrid">Clement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Angelar" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Angelar">Angelar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava_(disciple_of_Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius)" title="Saint Sava (disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius)">Sava</a>. They spread and taught Christianity in the whole of Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_Encyclopedia_1972,_p._846_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia_Encyclopedia_1972,_p._846-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BritGlago_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritGlago-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul Cubberley posits that although Cyril may have codified and expanded Glagolitic, it was his students in the First Bulgarian Empire under Tsar <a href="/wiki/Simeon_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon the Great">Simeon the Great</a> that developed Cyrillic from the Greek letters in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books.<sup id="cite_ref-Cubberley1996_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cubberley1996-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks abchis-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></i></span> 32nd <abbr title="century">c.</abbr> BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></i></span> 32nd c. BCE <ul><li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></i></span> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a> 3rd c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a></i></span> 19th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a> 15th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Ancient South Arabian</a> 9th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5th c. BCE</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li>(<span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#tp-abchistory-phx">below</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1601</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a> 1989</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="treeview"><span class="anchor" id="tp-abchistory-phx"></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> 12th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hebrew">Paleo-Hebrew</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a> 6th c. BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a> 3rd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic family">Brahmic</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a> 4th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> 6th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> 611</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> 7th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa" class="mw-redirect" title="ʼPhags-pa">ʼPhags-pa</a> 1269</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a> 1840</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Neo-Aramaic#Square_Aramaic_Alphabet" title="Western Neo-Aramaic">Square Aramaic</a> 2007</li></ul></li> <li><span style="text-decoration-color:gray; text-decoration-line:line-through;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a></i></span> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a> 2nd c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a> 1949</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a> 6th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 650</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> 1204</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a> 2nd century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Etruscan</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a> 1854</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a> 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Syllabic_writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a> 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a> 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect#Writing_system" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a> 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a> 2006</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">Runic</a> 2nd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> 4th century</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a> 5th c. BCE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a> 3rd century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> 405 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> 862</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 940</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Permic">Old Permic</a> 1372</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyco-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyco-Berber">Libyco-Berber</a> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> 4th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh#Neo-Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Neo-Tifinagh</a> 1970</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleohispanic_scripts" title="Paleohispanic scripts">Paleohispanic</a> 7th c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>Cyrillic spread among other Slavic peoples, as well as among non-Slavic <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a>. The earliest datable Cyrillic inscriptions have been found in the area of <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a>, in the medieval city itself and at nearby <a href="/wiki/Patleina_Monastery" title="Patleina Monastery">Patleina Monastery</a>, both in present-day <a href="/wiki/Shumen_Province" title="Shumen Province">Shumen Province</a>, as well as in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravna_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravna Monastery (page does not exist)">Ravna Monastery</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Varna_Monastery" title="Varna Monastery">Varna Monastery</a>. The new script became the basis of <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabets</a> used in various languages in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a>-dominated Eastern Europe, both Slavic and non-Slavic languages (such as <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, until the 1860s). For centuries, Cyrillic was also used by Catholic and Muslim Slavs. </p><p>Cyrillic and Glagolitic were used for the <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic language</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> variant. Hence expressions such as "И is the tenth Cyrillic letter" typically refer to the order of the Church Slavonic alphabet; not every Cyrillic alphabet uses every letter available in the script. The Cyrillic script came to dominate Glagolitic in the 12th century. </p><p>The literature produced in Old Church Slavonic soon spread north from Bulgaria and became the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> of the Balkans and Eastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fortson_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortson-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cyrillic in modern-day Bosnia,<sup id="cite_ref-Balic_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balic-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an extinct and disputed variant of the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic alphabet</a> that originated in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Bosnia">medieval period</a>. Paleographers consider the earliest features of script had likely begun to appear between the 10th or 11th century, with the <a href="/wiki/Humac_tablet" title="Humac tablet">Humac tablet</a> to be the first such document using this type of script and is believed to date from this period.<sup id="cite_ref-dzaja-lovrenovic-polemic-vjenac_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dzaja-lovrenovic-polemic-vjenac-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Was weak used continuously until the 18th century, with sporadic usage even taking place in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-ILIEV-2013-SHORT-HISTORY_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILIEV-2013-SHORT-HISTORY-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the orthographic reform of Saint <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Evtimiy_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Evtimiy of Bulgaria">Evtimiy of Tarnovo</a> and other prominent representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Tarnovo_Literary_School" title="Tarnovo Literary School">Tarnovo Literary School</a> of the 14th and 15th centuries, such as <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Tsamblak" title="Gregory Tsamblak">Gregory Tsamblak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Kostenets" title="Constantine of Kostenets">Constantine of Kostenets</a>, the school influenced Russian, Serbian, Wallachian and Moldavian medieval culture. This is known in Russia as the second <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South-Slavic</a> influence. </p><p>In 1708–10, the Cyrillic script used in Russia was heavily reformed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>, who had recently returned from his <a href="/wiki/Grand_Embassy_of_Peter_the_Great" title="Grand Embassy of Peter the Great">Grand Embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. The new letterforms, called the <a href="/wiki/Civil_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil script">Civil script</a>, became closer to those of the Latin alphabet; several archaic letters were abolished and several new letters were introduced designed by Peter himself. Letters became distinguished between upper and lower case. West European typography culture was also adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-Civil_Type_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Civil_Type-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pre-reform letterforms, called 'Полуустав', were notably retained in Church Slavonic and are sometimes used in Russian even today, especially if one wants to give a text a 'Slavic' or 'archaic' feel. </p><p>The alphabet used for the modern Church Slavonic language in Eastern Orthodox and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> rites still resembles early Cyrillic. However, over the course of the following millennium, Cyrillic adapted to changes in spoken language, developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages, and was subjected to academic reform and political decrees. A notable example of such linguistic reform can be attributed to <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Vuk Karadžić">Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</a>, who updated the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</a> by removing certain graphemes no longer represented in the vernacular and introducing graphemes specific to Serbian (i.e. Љ Њ Ђ Ћ Џ Ј), distancing it from the Church Slavonic alphabet in use prior to the reform. Today, <a href="/wiki/Languages_using_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages using Cyrillic">many languages</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Balkans" title="Languages of the Balkans">Balkans</a>, Eastern Europe, and <a href="/wiki/Eurasiatic_languages" title="Eurasiatic languages">northern Eurasia</a> are written in Cyrillic alphabets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archive-ugent-be-973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7_DS-375_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Archive-ugent-be-973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7_DS-375_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Archive-ugent-be-973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7_DS-375_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Archive-ugent-be-973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7_DS-375_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Archive-ugent-be-973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7_DS-375_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Archive-ugent-be-973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7_DS-375_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Archive-ugent-be-973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7_DS-375_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3405" data-file-height="2669" /></a><figcaption>Example of the Cyrillic script. Excerpt from the manuscript "Bdinski Zbornik". Written in 1360.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>Cyrillic script spread throughout the East Slavic and some South Slavic territories, being adopted for writing local languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a>. Its adaptation to local languages produced a number of Cyrillic alphabets, discussed below. </p><table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:larger; text-align:center;" class="Unicode" summary="Letters of the early Cyrillic alphabet"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;">The <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">early Cyrillic alphabet</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1113239643">.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT","Vilnius",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Glag{font-family:Shafarik,"Menaion Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode",Vikidemia,Bukyvede,FreeSerif,Ja,Unicode5,"TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Noto Sans Glagolitic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}</style><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">А</a></span></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Б</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">В</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Г</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">Д</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye" title="Ukrainian Ye">Є</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">Ж</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Dze_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dze (Cyrillic)">Ꙃ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">Ꙁ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">И</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Dotted I (Cyrillic)">І</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">К</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">М</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">О</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">П</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">С</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Т</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)">Ꙋ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)">ОУ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">Ф</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѡ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">Ц</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">Ч</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">Ш</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Shcha" title="Shcha">Щ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yer" title="Yer">Ъ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">ЪІ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Ь</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">Ѣ</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Semisoft_sign" title="Semisoft sign">Ҍ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iotated A (Cyrillic)">Ꙗ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_E_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iotated E (Cyrillic)">Ѥ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)">Ю</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѫ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѭ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѧ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѩ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic)" title="Ksi (Cyrillic)">Ѯ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">Ѱ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">Ѳ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѵ</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">Ҁ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Majuscule_and_minuscule">Majuscule and minuscule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Majuscule and minuscule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Capital and lowercase letters were not distinguished in old manuscripts. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meletius_Smotrisky_Cyrillic_Alphabet.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Meletius_Smotrisky_Cyrillic_Alphabet.PNG/220px-Meletius_Smotrisky_Cyrillic_Alphabet.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Meletius_Smotrisky_Cyrillic_Alphabet.PNG/330px-Meletius_Smotrisky_Cyrillic_Alphabet.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Meletius_Smotrisky_Cyrillic_Alphabet.PNG 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>A page from the <i>Church Slavonic Grammar</i> of <a href="/wiki/Meletius_Smotrytsky" title="Meletius Smotrytsky">Meletius Smotrytsky</a> (1619)</figcaption></figure> <p>Yeri (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ы</span>) was originally a <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligature</a> of Yer and I (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ъ</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">І</span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ы</span>). <a href="/wiki/Iotation" title="Iotation">Iotation</a> was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter І: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iotated A (Cyrillic)">Ꙗ</a></span> (not an ancestor of modern Ya, Я, which is derived from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѧ</span>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѥ</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ю</span> (ligature of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">І</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ОУ</span>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѩ</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѭ</span>. Sometimes different letters were used interchangeably, for example <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">И</span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">І</span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ї</span>, as were typographical variants like <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">О</span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѻ</span>. There were also commonly used ligatures like <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѠТ</span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѿ</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbers">Numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letters also had numeric values, based not on Cyrillic alphabetical order, but inherited from the letters' <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek ancestors</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="text-align:center;" class="Unicode" summary="Letters of the Early Cyrillic alphabet"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals" title="Cyrillic numerals">Cyrillic numerals</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">А</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">В</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Г</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Д</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Є</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Е</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѕ</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ꙃ</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ꙅ</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">З</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ꙁ</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">И</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѳ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>20</td> <td>30</td> <td>40</td> <td>50</td> <td>60</td> <td>70</td> <td>80</td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">І</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ї</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">К</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Л</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">М</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Н</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѯ</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ч</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѻ</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">О</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">П</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ч</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ҁ</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>300</td> <td>400</td> <td>500</td> <td>600</td> <td>700</td> <td>800</td> <td>900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Р</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">С</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Т</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѵ</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѵ</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Оу</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ꙋ</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ф</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Х</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѡ</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѿ</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ꙍ</span>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ц</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Ѧ</span>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_support">Computer support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Computer support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">Computer fonts</a> for early Cyrillic alphabets are not routinely provided. Many of the letterforms differ from those of modern Cyrillic, varied a great deal between <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a>, and changed over time. In accordance with <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> policy, the standard does not include letterform variations or <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligatures</a> found in manuscript sources unless they can be shown to conform to the Unicode definition of a character: this aspect is the responsibility of the typeface designer. </p><p>The Unicode 5.1 standard, released on 4 April 2008, greatly improved computer support for the early Cyrillic and the modern <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> language. In Microsoft Windows, the <a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a> user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Unicode" style="vertical-align:top; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; text-align:center; clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12" style="background-color:#fbec5d; font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> Cyrillic letters</b> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8;"> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)"><big>А</big><br /><small>A</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)"><big>А́</big><br /><small>A with acute</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/A_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="A with grave (Cyrillic)"><big>А̀</big><br /><small>A with grave</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/A_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="A with circumflex (Cyrillic)"><big>А̂</big><br /><small>A with circumflex</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/A_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="A with macron (Cyrillic)"><big>А̄</big><br /><small>A with macron</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/A_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="A with diaeresis (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӓ</big><br /><small>A with diaeresis</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)"><big>Б</big><br /><small>Be</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)"><big>В</big><br /><small>Ve</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)"><big>Г</big><br /><small>Ge (Ghe)</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Ghe_with_upturn" title="Ghe with upturn"><big>Ґ</big><br /><small>Ghe upturn</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)"><big>Д</big><br /><small>De</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje"><big>Ђ</big><br /><small>Dje</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Gje" title="Gje"><big>Ѓ</big><br /><small>Gje</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)"><big>Е</big><br /><small>Ye</small></a> </td> <td style="width:7%;"><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)"><big>Е́</big><br /><small>Ye with acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_grave" title="Ye with grave"><big>Ѐ</big><br /><small>Ye with grave</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_circumflex" title="Ye with circumflex"><big>Е̂</big><br /><small>Ye with circumflex</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_macron" title="Ye with macron"><big>Е̄</big><br /><small>Ye with macron</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yo_(Cyrillic)" title="Yo (Cyrillic)"><big>Ё</big><br /><small>Yo</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye" title="Ukrainian Ye"><big>Є</big><br /><small>Ukrainian Ye</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)"><big>Ж</big><br /><small>Zhe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)"><big>З</big><br /><small>Ze</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zje" title="Zje"><big>З́</big><br /><small>Zje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze"><big>Ѕ</big><br /><small>Dze</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)"><big>И</big><br /><small>I</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Dotted I (Cyrillic)"><big>І</big><br /><small>Dotted I</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yi_(Cyrillic)" title="Yi (Cyrillic)"><big>Ї</big><br /><small>Yi</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iota_(Cyrillic)" title="Iota (Cyrillic)"><big>Ꙇ</big><br /><small>Iota</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)"><big>И́</big><br /><small>I with acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="I with grave (Cyrillic)"><big>Ѝ</big><br /><small>I with grave</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="I with circumflex (Cyrillic)"><big>И̂</big><br /><small>I with circumflex</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="I with macron (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӣ</big><br /><small>I with macron</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="I with diaeresis (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӥ</big><br /><small>I with diaeresis</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Short_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Short I"><big>Й</big><br /><small>Short I</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Je_(Cyrillic)" title="Je (Cyrillic)"><big>Ј</big><br /><small>Je</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)"><big>К</big><br /><small>Ka</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)"><big>Л</big><br /><small>El</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje"><big>Љ</big><br /><small>Lje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)"><big>М</big><br /><small>Em</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)"><big>Н</big><br /><small>En</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje"><big>Њ</big><br /><small>Nje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)"><big>О</big><br /><small>O</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)"><big>О́</big><br /><small>O with acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="O with grave (Cyrillic)"><big>О̀</big><br /><small>O with grave</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="O with circumflex (Cyrillic)"><big>О̂</big><br /><small>O with circumflex</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="O with macron (Cyrillic)"><big>О̄</big><br /><small>O with macron</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="O with diaeresis (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӧ</big><br /><small>O with diaeresis</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)"><big>П</big><br /><small>Pe</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)"><big>Р</big><br /><small>Er</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_caron" title="Er with caron"><big>Р̌</big><br /><small>Er with caron</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)"><big>С</big><br /><small>Es</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sje" title="Sje"><big>С́</big><br /><small>Sje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)"><big>Т</big><br /><small>Te</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe"><big>Ћ</big><br /><small>Tje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kje" title="Kje"><big>Ќ</big><br /><small>Kje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)"><big>У</big><br /><small>U</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)"><big>У́</big><br /><small>U with acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="U with grave (Cyrillic)"><big>У̀</big><br /><small>U with grave</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="U with circumflex (Cyrillic)"><big>У̂</big><br /><small>U with circumflex</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="U with macron (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӯ</big><br /><small>U with macron</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Short_U_(Cyrillic)" title="Short U (Cyrillic)"><big>Ў</big><br /><small>Short U</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="U with diaeresis (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӱ</big><br /><small>U with<br />diaeresis</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)"><big>Ф</big><br /><small>Ef</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)"><big>Х</big><br /><small>Kha</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)"><big>Ц</big><br /><small>Tse</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)"><big>Ч</big><br /><small>Che</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe"><big>Џ</big><br /><small>Dzhe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)"><big>Ш</big><br /><small>Sha</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shcha" title="Shcha"><big>Щ</big><br /><small>Shcha</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Yer" title="Neutral Yer"><big>Ꙏ</big><br /><small>Neutral Yer</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign"><big>Ъ</big><br /><small>Hard sign (Yer)</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign_with_grave" title="Hard sign with grave"><big>Ъ̀</big><br /><small>Hard sign with grave</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery"><big>Ы</big><br /><small>Yery</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery"><big>Ы́</big><br /><small>Yery</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign"><big>Ь</big><br /><small>Soft sign (Yeri)</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat"><big>Ѣ</big><br /><small>Yat</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_(Cyrillic)" title="E (Cyrillic)"><big>Э</big><br /><small>E</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_(Cyrillic)" title="E (Cyrillic)"><big>Э́</big><br /><small>E with acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)"><big>Ю</big><br /><small>Yu</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)"><big>Ю́</big><br /><small>Yu with acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_grave" title="Yu with grave"><big>Ю̀</big><br /><small>Yu with grave</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Cyrillic)" title="Ya (Cyrillic)"><big>Я</big><br /><small>Ya</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya with acute"><big>Я́</big><br /><small>Ya with acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_grave" title="Ya with grave"><big>Я̀</big><br /><small>Ya with grave</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#b0bf1a; font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;"><b>Examples of non-Slavic Cyrillic letters (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_letters" title="List of Cyrillic letters">List of Cyrillic letters</a> for more)</b> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8;"> <td><a href="/wiki/A_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="A with breve (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӑ</big><br /><small>A with<br />breve</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_(Cyrillic)" title="Schwa (Cyrillic)"><big>Ә</big><br /><small>Schwa</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_diaeresis" title="Schwa with diaeresis"><big>Ӛ</big><br /><small>Schwa with<br />diaeresis</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ae_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ae (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӕ</big><br /><small>Ae</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke" title="Ge with stroke"><big>Ғ</big><br /><small>Ghayn</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_middle_hook" title="Ge with middle hook"><big>Ҕ</big><br /><small>Ge with<br />middle hook</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with stroke and hook"><big>Ӻ</big><br /><small>Ghayn with<br />hook</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_descender" title="Ge with descender"><big>Ӷ</big><br /><small>Ge with<br />descender</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_breve" title="Zhe with breve"><big>Ӂ</big><br /><small>Zhe with<br />breve</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_diaeresis" title="Zhe with diaeresis"><big>Ӝ</big><br /><small>Zhe with<br />diaeresis</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Dhe (Cyrillic)"><big>Ҙ</big><br /><small>Dhe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Dze" title="Abkhazian Dze"><big>Ӡ</big><br /><small>Abkhazian<br />Dze</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Qa" title="Bashkir Qa"><big>Ҡ</big><br /><small>Bashkir Qa</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_stroke" title="Ka with stroke"><big>Ҟ</big><br /><small>Ka with<br />stroke</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/En_with_tail" title="En with tail"><big>Ӊ</big><br /><small>En with<br />tail</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/En_with_descender" title="En with descender"><big>Ң</big><br /><small>En with<br />descender</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/En_with_hook" title="En with hook"><big>Ӈ</big><br /><small>En with<br />hook</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/En-ge" title="En-ge"><big>Ҥ</big><br /><small>En-ge</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="O with breve (Cyrillic)"><big>О̆</big><br /><small>O with breve</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oe_(Cyrillic)" title="Oe (Cyrillic)"><big>Ө</big><br /><small>Oe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O-hook" title="O-hook"><big>Ҩ</big><br /><small>O-hook</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_tick" title="Er with tick"><big>Ҏ</big><br /><small>Er with<br />tick</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_(Cyrillic)" title="The (Cyrillic)"><big>Ҫ</big><br /><small>The</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_descender" title="Te with descender"><big>Ҭ</big><br /><small>Te with<br />descender</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/U_with_double_acute_(Cyrillic)" title="U with double acute (Cyrillic)"><big>Ӳ</big><br /><small>U with<br />double acute</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ue_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue (Cyrillic)"><big>Ү</big><br /><small>Ue</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Short_U" title="Kazakh Short U"><big>Ұ</big><br /><small>Kazakh Short U</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_descender" title="Kha with descender"><big>Ҳ</big><br /><small>Kha with<br />descender</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_hook" title="Kha with hook"><big>Ӽ</big><br /><small>Kha with<br />hook</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_stroke" title="Kha with stroke"><big>Ӿ</big><br /><small>Kha with<br />stroke</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shha" title="Shha"><big>Һ</big><br /><small>Shha (He)</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Te Tse (Cyrillic)"><big>Ҵ</big><br /><small>Te Tse</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_descender" title="Che with descender"><big>Ҷ</big><br /><small>Che with<br />descender</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khakassian_Che" title="Khakassian Che"><big>Ӌ</big><br /><small>Khakassian<br />Che</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_vertical_stroke" title="Che with vertical stroke"><big>Ҹ</big><br /><small>Che with<br />vertical stroke</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Che" title="Abkhazian Che"><big>Ҽ</big><br /><small>Abkhazian<br />Che</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Semisoft_sign" title="Semisoft sign"><big>Ҍ</big><br /><small>Semisoft<br />sign</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palochka" title="Palochka"><big>Ӏ</big><br /><small>Palochka</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#87ceeb;font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;"><b>Cyrillic letters used in the past</b> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A" title="Iotated A"><big>Ꙗ</big><br /><small>Iotated A</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_E" title="Iotated E"><big>Ѥ</big><br /><small>Iotated E</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><big>Ѧ</big><br /><small>Small yus</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><big>Ѫ</big><br /><small>Big yus</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><big>Ѩ</big><br /><small>Iotated small yus</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><big>Ѭ</big><br /><small>Iotated big yus</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic)" title="Ksi (Cyrillic)"><big>Ѯ</big><br /><small>Ksi</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)"><big>Ѱ</big><br /><small>Psi</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yn_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yn (Cyrillic)"><big>Ꙟ</big><br /><small>Yn</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita"><big>Ѳ</big><br /><small>Fita</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa"><big>Ѵ</big><br /><small>Izhitsa</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa_okovy" class="mw-redirect" title="Izhitsa okovy"><big>Ѷ</big><br /><small>Izhitsa okovy</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)"><big>Ҁ</big><br /><small>Koppa</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)"><big>ОУ</big><br /><small>Uk</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)"><big>Ѡ</big><br /><small>Omega</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ot_(Cyrillic)" title="Ot (Cyrillic)"><big>Ѿ</big><br /><small>Ot</small></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency_signs">Currency signs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Currency signs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Currency_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Currency sign">currency signs</a> have derived from Cyrillic letters: </p> <ul><li>The Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Hryvnia_sign" title="Hryvnia sign">hryvnia sign</a> (₴) is from the <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a> <a href="/wiki/Minuscule" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuscule">minuscule</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">Ukrainian Cyrillic letter</a> <a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">He</a> (<span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>г</i></span>).</li> <li>The Russian <a href="/wiki/Ruble_sign" title="Ruble sign">ruble sign</a> (₽) from the majuscule Р.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstani_som" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstani som">Kyrgyzstani som</a> sign (⃀) from the majuscule С (es)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Kazakhstani tenge</a> sign (₸) from Т</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_t%C3%B6gr%C3%B6g" title="Mongolian tögrög">Mongolian tögrög</a> sign (₮) from Т</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letterforms_and_type_design">Letterforms and type design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Letterforms and type design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Letter_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter form">letter forms</a> passed directly from the <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> stage to the late <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>, without a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> phase as in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (categorized as <a href="/wiki/Vyaz_(Cyrillic_calligraphy)" title="Vyaz (Cyrillic calligraphy)">vyaz'</a> and still found on many <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> inscriptions today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow, with strokes often shared between adjacent letters. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>, Tsar of Russia, mandated the use of <a href="/wiki/Civil_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil script">westernized letter forms</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Гражданский шрифт">ru</a>) in the early 18th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Over time, these were largely adopted in the other languages that use the script. Thus, unlike the majority of modern Greek typefaces that retained their own set of design principles for lower-case letters (such as the placement of <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serifs</a>, the shapes of stroke ends, and stroke-thickness rules, although Greek capital letters do use Latin design principles), modern Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">types</a> are much the same as modern Latin types of the same typeface family. The development of some Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">computer fonts</a> from Latin ones has also contributed to a visual Latinization of Cyrillic type. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lowercase_forms">Lowercase forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lowercase forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_upright-cursive-n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cyrillic_upright-cursive-n.svg/320px-Cyrillic_upright-cursive-n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cyrillic_upright-cursive-n.svg/480px-Cyrillic_upright-cursive-n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cyrillic_upright-cursive-n.svg/640px-Cyrillic_upright-cursive-n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="86" /></a><figcaption>Letters <a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Ge</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">De</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Short I">Short I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">Em</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Te</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">Tse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Be</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">Ve</a> in upright (printed) and cursive (handwritten) variants. (Top is set in Georgia type, bottom in Odesa Script.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Capital_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letters">uppercase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">lowercase</a> letter forms are not as differentiated as in Latin typography. Upright Cyrillic lowercase letters are essentially <a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">small capitals</a> (with exceptions: Cyrillic <span class="nowrap">⟨а⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨е⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨і⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ј⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨р⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨у⟩</span> adopted Latin lowercase shapes, lowercase <span class="nowrap">⟨ф⟩</span> is typically based on <span class="nowrap">⟨p⟩</span> from Latin typefaces, lowercase <span class="nowrap">⟨б⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ђ⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ћ⟩</span> are traditional handwritten forms), although a good-quality Cyrillic typeface will still include separate small-caps glyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cyrillic typefaces, as well as Latin ones, have <a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a> forms (practically all popular modern computer fonts include parallel sets of Latin and Cyrillic letters, where many glyphs, uppercase as well as lowercase, are shared by both). However, the native typeface terminology in most Slavic languages (for example, in Russian) does not use the words "roman" and "italic" in this sense.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the nomenclature follows German naming patterns:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_alternates.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cyrillic_alternates.svg/200px-Cyrillic_alternates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cyrillic_alternates.svg/300px-Cyrillic_alternates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cyrillic_alternates.svg/400px-Cyrillic_alternates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption> Alternate variants of lowercase (cursive) Cyrillic letters: Б/б, Д/д, Г/г, И/и, П/п, Т/т, Ш/ш. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9CC2E5; color:black;"> </span> Default Russian (Eastern) forms on the left.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F4B083; color:black;"> </span> Alternate Bulgarian (Western) upright forms in the middle.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD966; color:black;"> </span> Alternate Serbian/Macedonian (Southern) italic forms on the right.</div> <i>See also:</i><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_cursive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Cyrillic_cursive.svg/75px-Cyrillic_cursive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Cyrillic_cursive.svg/113px-Cyrillic_cursive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Cyrillic_cursive.svg/150px-Cyrillic_cursive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Cyrillics_BGDPT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Special_Cyrillics_BGDPT.svg/75px-Special_Cyrillics_BGDPT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Special_Cyrillics_BGDPT.svg/113px-Special_Cyrillics_BGDPT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Special_Cyrillics_BGDPT.svg/150px-Special_Cyrillics_BGDPT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Roman type is called <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">pryamoy shrift</i></span></i> ("upright type") – compare with <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Normalschrift</i></span></i> ("regular type") in German</li> <li>Italic type is called <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">kursiv</i></span></i> ("cursive") or <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">kursivniy shrift</i></span></i> ("cursive type") – from the German word <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kursive</i></span></i>, meaning italic typefaces and not cursive writing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">Cursive</a> handwriting is <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">rukopisniy shrift</i></span></i> ("handwritten type") – in German: <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurrentschrift" class="extiw" title="de:Kurrentschrift">Kurrentschrift</a></i></span></i> or <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Laufschrift</i></span></i>, both meaning literally 'running type'</li> <li>A (mechanically) sloped oblique type of <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> faces is <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">naklonniy shrift</i></span></i> ("sloped" or "slanted type").</li> <li>A boldfaced type is called <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">poluzhirniy shrift</i></span></i> ("semi-bold type"), because there existed fully boldfaced shapes that have been out of use since the beginning of the 20th century.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italic_and_cursive_forms">Italic and cursive forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Italic and cursive forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similarly to Latin typefaces, italic and cursive forms of many Cyrillic letters (typically lowercase; uppercase only for handwritten or stylish types) are very different from their upright roman types. In certain cases, the correspondence between uppercase and lowercase glyphs does not coincide in Latin and Cyrillic types: for example, italic Cyrillic <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: larger"><span class="nowrap">⟨<i>т</i>⟩</span></span> is the lowercase counterpart of <span class="nowrap">⟨<i>Т</i>⟩</span> not of <span class="nowrap">⟨<i>М</i>⟩</span>. </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" style="padding:0 .5em .2em; border:1px solid #999; margin:1em 0;"> <caption>Differences between upright and italic Cyrillic letters of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Russian alphabet</a>; italic forms significantly different from their upright analogues, or especially confusing to users of a Latin alphabet, are highlighted; also available as a <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Cyrillic-italics-nonitalics.png" class="extiw" title="commons:Image:Cyrillic-italics-nonitalics.png">graphical image</a>. </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="ru"> <th lang="en">upright </th> <td>а</td> <td>б</td> <td>в</td> <td>г</td> <td>д</td> <td>е</td> <td>ё</td> <td>ж</td> <td>з</td> <td>и</td> <td>й</td> <td>к</td> <td>л</td> <td>м</td> <td>н</td> <td>о</td> <td>п</td> <td>р</td> <td>с</td> <td>т</td> <td>у</td> <td>ф</td> <td>х</td> <td>ц</td> <td>ч</td> <td>ш</td> <td>щ</td> <td>ъ</td> <td>ы</td> <td>ь</td> <td>э</td> <td>ю</td> <td>я </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="ru"> <th lang="en">italic </th> <td><i>а</i></td> <td><i>б</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>в</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>г</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>д</i></td> <td><i>е</i></td> <td><i>ё</i></td> <td><i>ж</i></td> <td><i>з</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>и</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>й</i></td> <td><i>к</i></td> <td><i>л</i></td> <td><i>м</i></td> <td><i>н</i></td> <td><i>о</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>п</i></td> <td><i>р</i></td> <td><i>с</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>т</i></td> <td><i>у</i></td> <td><i>ф</i></td> <td><i>х</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>ц</i></td> <td><i>ч</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>ш</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>щ</i></td> <td><i>ъ</i></td> <td><i>ы</i></td> <td><i>ь</i></td> <td><i>э</i></td> <td><i>ю</i></td> <td><i>я</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: in some typefaces or styles, <span class="nowrap">⟨<i>д</i>⟩</span>, i.e. the lowercase italic Cyrillic <span class="nowrap">⟨д⟩</span>, may look like Latin <span class="nowrap">⟨<i>g</i>⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨<i>т</i>⟩</span>, i.e. lowercase italic Cyrillic <span class="nowrap">⟨т⟩</span>, may look like small-capital italic <span class="nowrap">⟨T⟩</span>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Serbian"></span><span class="anchor" id="Macedonian"></span> In Standard Serbian, as well as in Macedonian,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some italic and cursive letters are allowed to be different, to more closely resemble the handwritten letters. The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized in <a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">small caps</a> form.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" style="padding:0 .5em .2em; border:1px solid #999; margin:1em 0;"> <caption>Mandatory (blue) and optional (green) italic lowercase variants, alongside unique letters (red), in South-European orthography </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="ru"> <th lang="en">Russian </th> <td><i>а</i></td> <td><i>б</i></td> <td><i>в</i></td> <td><i>г</i></td> <td><i>д</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>е</i></td> <td><i>ж</i></td> <td><i>з</i></td> <td><i>и</i></td> <td><i>й</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>к</i></td> <td><i>л</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>м</i></td> <td><i>н</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>о</i></td> <td><i>п</i></td> <td><i>р</i></td> <td><i>с</i></td> <td><i>т</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>у</i></td> <td><i>ф</i></td> <td><i>х</i></td> <td><i>ц</i></td> <td><i>ч</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>ш</i></td> <td><i>щ</i></td> <td><i>ъ</i></td> <td><i>ы</i></td> <td><i>ь</i></td> <td><i>э</i></td> <td><i>ю</i></td> <td><i>я</i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="sr"> <th lang="en">Serbian </th> <td><i>а</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>б</i></td> <td><i>в</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>г</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>д</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>ђ</i></td> <td><i>е</i></td> <td><i>ж</i></td> <td><i>з</i></td> <td><i>и</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>ј</i></td> <td><i>к</i></td> <td><i>л</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>љ</i></td> <td><i>м</i></td> <td><i>н</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>њ</i></td> <td><i>о</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>п</i></td> <td><i>р</i></td> <td><i>с</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>т</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>ћ</i></td> <td><i>у</i></td> <td><i>ф</i></td> <td><i>х</i></td> <td><i>ц</i></td> <td><i>ч</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>џ</i></td> <td style="background:#BFB"><i>ш</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="ru"> <th lang="en">Simulation </th> <td><i>а</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>δ</i></td> <td><i>в</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>ī</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>ɡ</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>ђ</i></td> <td><i>е</i></td> <td><i>ж</i></td> <td><i>з</i></td> <td><i>и</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>ј</i></td> <td><i>к</i></td> <td><i>л</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>љ</i></td> <td><i>м</i></td> <td><i>н</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>њ</i></td> <td><i>о</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>ū</i></td> <td><i>р</i></td> <td><i>с</i></td> <td style="background:#BBF"><i>ш̄</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>ћ</i></td> <td><i>у</i></td> <td><i>ф</i></td> <td><i>х</i></td> <td><i>ц</i></td> <td><i>ч</i></td> <td style="background:#FBB"><i>џ</i></td> <td style="background:#BFB"><i>ш̱</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i></td> <td><i>—</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notes: Depending on fonts available, the Serbian row may appear identical to the Russian row. Unicode approximations are used in the <i><a href="/wiki/Faux_Cyrillic" title="Faux Cyrillic">faux</a></i> row to ensure it can be rendered properly across all systems. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Bulgarian"></span> In the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet" title="Bulgarian alphabet">Bulgarian alphabet</a>, many lowercase letterforms may more closely resemble the cursive forms on the one hand and Latin glyphs on the other hand, e.g. by having an ascender or descender or by using rounded arcs instead of sharp corners.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, uppercase letters may have a different shape as well, e.g. more triangular, Д and Л, like Greek delta Δ and lambda Λ. </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" style="padding:0 .5em .2em; border:1px solid #999; margin:1em 0;"> <caption>Differences between Russian and Bulgarian glyphs of upright Cyrillic lowercase letters; Bulgarian glyphs significantly different from their Russian analogues or different from their italic form are highlighted </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="ru"> <th lang="en">default </th> <td>а</td> <td>б</td> <td>в</td> <td>г</td> <td>д</td> <td>е</td> <td>ж</td> <td>з</td> <td>и</td> <td>й</td> <td>к</td> <td>л</td> <td>м</td> <td>н</td> <td>о</td> <td>п</td> <td>р</td> <td>с</td> <td>т</td> <td>у</td> <td>ф</td> <td>х</td> <td>ц</td> <td>ч</td> <td>ш</td> <td>щ</td> <td>ъ</td> <td>ь</td> <td>ю</td> <td>я </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="bg"> <th lang="en">Bulgarian </th> <td>а</td> <td>б</td> <td style="background:#BFB">в</td> <td style="background:#BBF">г</td> <td style="background:#BBF">д</td> <td>е</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ж</td> <td style="background:#BFB">з</td> <td style="background:#BBF">и</td> <td style="background:#BBF">й</td> <td style="background:#BFB">к</td> <td style="background:#BFB">л</td> <td>м</td> <td>н</td> <td>о</td> <td style="background:#BBF">п</td> <td>р</td> <td>с</td> <td style="background:#BBF">т</td> <td>у</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ф</td> <td>х</td> <td style="background:#BBF">ц</td> <td>ч</td> <td style="background:#BBF">ш</td> <td style="background:#BBF">щ</td> <td>ъ</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ь</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ю</td> <td>я </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:Vollkorn,FreeSerif,Georgia,'Times New Roman','Nimbus Roman No9 L','Century Schoolbook L','Trebuchet MS','URW Bookman L','URW Chancery L','URW Palladio L',Teams,serif; font-size:large; text-align:center;" lang="ru"> <th lang="en">Simulation </th> <td>а</td> <td>б</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ϐ</td> <td style="background:#BBF">ƨ</td> <td style="background:#BBF">ɡ</td> <td>е</td> <td style="background:#BFB"><span style="position: relative;">ж<span style="position: absolute; right: 50%; bottom: 0"><span style="position: relative; right: -50%; bottom: 0">l</span></span></span></td> <td style="background:#BFB">ȝ</td> <td style="background:#BBF">u</td> <td style="background:#BBF">ŭ</td> <td style="background:#BFB">k</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ʌ</td> <td>м</td> <td>н</td> <td>o</td> <td style="background:#BBF">n</td> <td>р</td> <td>с</td> <td style="background:#BBF">m</td> <td>у</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ɸ</td> <td>х</td> <td style="background:#BBF">u̡</td> <td>ч</td> <td style="background:#BBF">ɯ</td> <td style="background:#BBF">ɯ̡</td> <td>ъ</td> <td style="background:#BFB">ƅ</td> <td style="background:#BFB">lo</td> <td>я </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notes: Depending on fonts available, the Bulgarian row may appear identical to the Russian row. Unicode approximations are used in the <i><a href="/wiki/Faux_Cyrillic" title="Faux Cyrillic">faux</a></i> row to ensure it can be rendered properly across all systems; in some cases, such as ж with <i>k</i>-like ascender, no such approximation exists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessing_variant_forms">Accessing variant forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Accessing variant forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Computer fonts typically default to the Central/Eastern, Russian letterforms, and require the use of <a href="/wiki/OpenType" title="OpenType">OpenType</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_typographic_features" title="List of typographic features">Layout (OTL) features</a> to display the Western, Bulgarian or Southern, Serbian/Macedonian forms. Depending on the choices made by the (computer) font designer, they may either be automatically activated by the <i>local variant</i> <code>locl</code> feature for text tagged with an appropriate <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">language code</a>, or the author needs to opt-in by activating a <i>stylistic set</i> <code>ss##</code> or <i>character variant</i> <code>cv##</code> feature. These solutions only enjoy partial support and may render with default glyphs in certain software configurations, and the reader may not see the same result as the author intended.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyrillic_alphabets">Cyrillic alphabets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cyrillic alphabets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic alphabets</a></div> <p>Among others, Cyrillic is the standard script for writing the following languages: </p><p><b>Slavic languages</b>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Rusyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Standard Serbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Non-Slavic languages of Russia</b>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_language" title="Abaza language">Abaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzya_language" title="Erzya language">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_language" title="Ingush language">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Oirat" title="Kalmyk Oirat">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karachay-Balkar language">Karachay-Balkar</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sami language">Kildin Sami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> (in <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia–Alania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_orthography#Cyrillic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani orthography">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakha language">Sakha/Yakut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Yupik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian Yupik language">Yuit</a> (Yupik)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Non-Slavic languages in other countries</b>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a> (now mostly in church texts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> (to be replaced by Latin script by 2031<sup id="cite_ref-MongolSwitch_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongolSwitch-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> (to also be written with traditional <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a> by 2025<sup id="cite_ref-KazSwitch_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KazSwitch-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_alphabet#Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Tlingit alphabet">Tlingit</a> (now only in church texts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> (officially replaced by Latin script)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> (also officially replaced by Latin script, but still in wide use)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupik_languages#Writing_systems" title="Yupik languages">Yupik</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The Cyrillic script has also been used for languages of Alaska,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slavic_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic Europe">Slavic Europe</a> (except for <a href="/wiki/Western_Slavs" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Slavs">Western Slavic</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Southern_Slavs" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Slavs">Southern Slavic</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, the languages of <a href="/wiki/Idel-Ural" title="Idel-Ural">Idel-Ural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a>. </p><p>The first alphabet derived from Cyrillic was <a href="/wiki/Abur" class="mw-redirect" title="Abur">Abur</a>, used for the <a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Cyrillic alphabets include the <a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov alphabet</a> for the Komi language and various alphabets for <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian languages">Caucasian languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_of_Cyrillic_versus_other_scripts">Usage of Cyrillic versus other scripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Usage of Cyrillic versus other scripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_monument.jpg/165px-Cyrillic_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_monument.jpg/248px-Cyrillic_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_monument.jpg/330px-Cyrillic_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Cyrillic Script Monument in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> near the Bulgarian base <a href="/wiki/St._Kliment_Ohridski_Base" title="St. Kliment Ohridski Base">St. Kliment Ohridski</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_script">Latin script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Latin script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of languages written in a Cyrillic alphabet have also been written in a <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a> until 1989 and in the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a> throughout the 19th century). After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, some of the former republics officially shifted from Cyrillic to Latin. The transition is complete in most of Moldova (except the breakaway region of <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet">Moldovan Cyrillic</a> is official), <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> still uses both systems, and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> has officially begun a transition from Cyrillic to Latin (scheduled to be complete by 2025). The <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> government has mandated that Cyrillic must be used for all public communications in all <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subjects of Russia</a>, to promote closer ties across the federation. This act was controversial for speakers of many Slavic languages; for others, such as <a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingush_language" title="Ingush language">Ingush</a> speakers, the law had political ramifications. For example, the separatist Chechen government mandated a Latin script which is still used by many Chechens.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 402px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 400px; height: 205px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -560px; width: 1100px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="alt=Countries with widespread use of the Cyrillic script:   Sole official script   Co-official with another script (either because the official language is biscriptal, or the state is bilingual)   Being replaced with Latin, but is still in official use   Legacy script for the official language, or large minority use   Cyrillic is not widely used"><img alt="alt=Countries with widespread use of the Cyrillic script:   Sole official script   Co-official with another script (either because the official language is biscriptal, or the state is bilingual)   Being replaced with Latin, but is still in official use   Legacy script for the official language, or large minority use   Cyrillic is not widely used" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg/1100px-Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1100" height="564" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg/1650px-Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg/2200px-Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_alphabet_world_distribution.svg" title="File:Cyrillic alphabet world distribution.svg"> </a></div>Countries with widespread use of the Cyrillic script:<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0b280b; color:white;"> </span> Sole official script</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#44aa00; color:black;"> </span> Co-official with another script (either because the official language is biscriptal, or the state is bilingual)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#99d400; color:black;"> </span> Being replaced with Latin, but is still in official use</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ccffaa; color:black;"> </span> Legacy script for the official language, or large minority use</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D7D7D7; color:black;"> </span> Cyrillic is not widely used</div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_Europe.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cyrillic_Europe.PNG/220px-Cyrillic_Europe.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cyrillic_Europe.PNG/330px-Cyrillic_Europe.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cyrillic_Europe.PNG/440px-Cyrillic_Europe.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="1261" /></a><figcaption>Cyrillic Script in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Standard <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language#Writing_system" title="Serbian language">both the Cyrillic and Latin scripts</a>. Cyrillic is nominally the official script of Serbia's administration according to the Serbian constitution;<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means. In practice the scripts are equal, with Latin being used more often in a less official capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuang alphabet">Zhuang alphabet</a>, used between the 1950s and 1980s in portions of the People's Republic of China, used a mixture of Latin, phonetic, numeral-based, and Cyrillic letters. The non-Latin letters, including Cyrillic, were removed from the alphabet in 1982 and replaced with Latin letters that closely resembled the letters they replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanization">Romanization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Romanization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Cyrillic" title="Romanization of Cyrillic">Romanization of Cyrillic</a></div> <p>There are various systems for <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a> of Cyrillic text, including <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> to convey Cyrillic spelling in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> letters, and <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">transcription</a> to convey <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation">pronunciation</a>. </p><p>Standard Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration systems include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic" title="Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic">Scientific transliteration</a>, used in linguistics, is based on the <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet</a>.</li> <li>The Working Group on Romanization Systems<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> recommends different systems for specific languages. These are the most commonly used around the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">ISO 9</a>:1995, from the International Organization for Standardization.</li> <li>American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets (<a href="/wiki/ALA-LC_Romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="ALA-LC Romanization">ALA-LC Romanization</a>), used in North American libraries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_Romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="BGN/PCGN Romanization">BGN/PCGN Romanization</a> (1947), United States Board on Geographic Names & Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_16876-71" title="GOST 16876-71">GOST 16876</a>, a now defunct Soviet transliteration standard. Replaced by <a href="/wiki/GOST_7.79-2000" title="GOST 7.79-2000">GOST 7.79-2000</a>, which is based on ISO 9.</li> <li>Various informal romanizations of Cyrillic, which adapt the Cyrillic script to Latin and sometimes Greek glyphs for compatibility with small character sets.</li></ul> <p>See also <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Belarusian" title="Romanization of Belarusian">Romanization of Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">Macedonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyrillization">Cyrillization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cyrillization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Representing other writing systems with Cyrillic letters is called <a href="/wiki/Cyrillization" title="Cyrillization">Cyrillization</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_table">Summary table</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Summary table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cyrillic letter</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox nomobile" style="width: 14em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyrillic script</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">А</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="A with acute (Cyrillic)">А́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="A with grave (Cyrillic)">А̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="A with circumflex (Cyrillic)">А̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="A with macron (Cyrillic)">А̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="A with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӓ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Б</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">В</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Г</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ghe_with_upturn" title="Ghe with upturn">Ґ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">Д</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">Ђ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gje" title="Gje">Ѓ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">Е</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye with acute">Е́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_grave" title="Ye with grave">Ѐ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_circumflex" title="Ye with circumflex">Е̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_macron" title="Ye with macron">Е̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yo_(Cyrillic)" title="Yo (Cyrillic)">Ё</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye" title="Ukrainian Ye">Є</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">Ж</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">З</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zje" title="Zje">З́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ѕ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">И</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Dotted I (Cyrillic)">І</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yi_(Cyrillic)" title="Yi (Cyrillic)">Ї</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iota_(Cyrillic)" title="Iota (Cyrillic)">Ꙇ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="I with acute (Cyrillic)">И́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="I with grave (Cyrillic)">Ѝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="I with circumflex (Cyrillic)">И̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="I with macron (Cyrillic)">Ӣ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Short_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Short I (Cyrillic)">Й</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="I with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Je_(Cyrillic)" title="Je (Cyrillic)">Ј</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">К</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje">Љ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">М</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje">Њ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">О</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="O with acute (Cyrillic)">О́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="O with grave (Cyrillic)">О̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="O with circumflex (Cyrillic)">О̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="O with macron (Cyrillic)">Ō</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="O with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӧ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">П</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">С</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sje" title="Sje">С́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Т</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kje" title="Kje">Ќ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)">У</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="U with acute (Cyrillic)">У́</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="U with grave (Cyrillic)">У̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="U with circumflex (Cyrillic)">У̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="U with macron (Cyrillic)">Ӯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Short_U_(Cyrillic)" title="Short U (Cyrillic)">Ў</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="U with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӱ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">Ф</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">Ц</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">Ч</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe">Џ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">Ш</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shcha" title="Shcha">Щ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Yer" title="Neutral Yer"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙏ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign">Ъ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign_with_grave" title="Hard sign with grave">Ъ̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ы</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yery with acute">Ы́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Ь</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">Ѣ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_(Cyrillic)" title="E (Cyrillic)">Э</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="E with acute (Cyrillic)">Э́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)">Ю</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu with acute">Ю́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_grave" title="Yu with grave">Ю̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Cyrillic)" title="Ya (Cyrillic)">Я</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya with acute">Я́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_grave" title="Ya with grave">Я̀</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">Non-Slavic letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="A with breve (Cyrillic)">Ӑ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_ring_above_(Cyrillic)" title="A with ring above (Cyrillic)">А̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="A with tilde (Cyrillic)">А̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="A with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic)">Ӓ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(Cyrillic)" title="Ӕ (Cyrillic)">Ӕ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_(Cyrillic)" title="Schwa (Cyrillic)">Ә</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_acute" title="Schwa with acute">Ә́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_tilde" title="Schwa with tilde">Ә̃</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_diaeresis" title="Schwa with diaeresis">Ӛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ve_with_caron" title="Ve with caron">В̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/We_(Cyrillic)" title="We (Cyrillic)">Ԝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_inverted_breve" title="Ge with inverted breve">Г̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with dot above (page does not exist)">Г̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_dot_below" title="Ge with dot below">Г̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_caron" title="Ge with caron">Г̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with circumflex (page does not exist)">Г̂</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_breve" title="Ge with breve">Г̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_diaeresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with diaeresis">Г̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with ring above (page does not exist)">г̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_middle_hook" title="Ge with middle hook">Ҕ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke" title="Ge with stroke">Ғ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_descender" title="Ge with stroke and descender"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with stroke and hook">Ӻ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_caron" title="Ge with stroke and caron">Ғ̌</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_stroke_and_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with stroke and ring above (page does not exist)">ғ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_descender" title="Ge with descender">Ӷ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_hook" title="Ge with hook">Г̡</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with acute (page does not exist)">Д́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_caron" title="De with caron">Д̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Д̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with dot below (page does not exist)">Д̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_breve" title="De with breve">Д̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_breve" title="Ye with breve">Ӗ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_tilde" title="Ye with tilde">Е̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yo_with_macron" title="Yo with macron">Ё̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye_with_diaeresis" title="Ukrainian Ye with diaeresis">Є̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Ze" title="Reversed Ze">Ԑ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Ze_with_diaeresis" title="Reversed Ze with diaeresis">Ԑ̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhje" title="Zhje">Җ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_diaeresis" title="Zhe with diaeresis">Ӝ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_breve" title="Zhe with breve">Ӂ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with dot below (page does not exist)">Ж̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Dhe (Cyrillic)">Ҙ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_with_diaeresis" title="Ze with diaeresis">Ӟ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_with_caron" title="Ze with caron">З̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with dot below (page does not exist)">З̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with breve (page does not exist)">З̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Dze" title="Abkhazian Dze">Ӡ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="I with tilde (Cyrillic)">И̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Short_I_with_tail" title="Short I with tail">Ҋ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_descender" title="Ka with descender">Қ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_hook" title="Ka with hook">Ӄ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Qa" title="Bashkir Qa">Ҡ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_stroke" title="Ka with stroke">Ҟ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_vertical_stroke" title="Ka with vertical stroke">Ҝ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with dot below (page does not exist)">К̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with ring above (page does not exist)">к̊</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qaf_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qaf with ring above (page does not exist)">қ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Qa_(Cyrillic)" title="Qa (Cyrillic)">Ԛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E1%B4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ᴫ">ᴫ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with acute (page does not exist)">Л́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_tail" title="El with tail">Ӆ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_descender" title="El with descender">Ԯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_hook" title="El with hook">Ԓ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Л̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Em_with_tail" title="Em with tail">Ӎ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Superscript_En" title="Superscript En">ᵸ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with acute (page does not exist)">Н́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_tail" title="En with tail">Ӊ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_descender" title="En with descender">Ң</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_left_hook" title="En with left hook">Ԩ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_hook" title="En with hook">Ӈ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/En-ge" title="En-ge">Ҥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="O with breve (Cyrillic)">О̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="O with tilde (Cyrillic)">О̃</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Ӧ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_(Cyrillic)" title="Oe (Cyrillic)">Ө</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_macron" title="Oe with macron">Ө̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oe_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oe with acute (page does not exist)">Ө́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_breve" title="Oe with breve">Ө̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_diaeresis" title="Oe with diaeresis">Ӫ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_with_descender" title="Pe with descender">Ԥ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with diaeresis (page does not exist)">П̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_caron" title="Er with caron">Р̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_tick" title="Er with tick">Ҏ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with caron (page does not exist)">С̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/The_(Cyrillic)" title="The (Cyrillic)">Ҫ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_dot_below_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with dot below (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">С̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with macron below (page does not exist)">С̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with acute (page does not exist)">Т́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Т̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_caron" title="Te with caron">Т̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with dot above (page does not exist)">Т̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with dot below (page does not exist)">Т̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_descender" title="Te with descender">Ҭ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tje" title="Tje">Ᲊ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="U with tilde (Cyrillic)">У̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_double_acute_(Cyrillic)" title="U with double acute (Cyrillic)">Ӳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_ring_above_(Cyrillic)" title="U with ring above (Cyrillic)">У̊</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Ӱ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Short_U" title="Kazakh Short U">Ұ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ue_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue (Cyrillic)">Ү</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ue_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue with acute (Cyrillic)">Ү́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with dot below (page does not exist)">Х̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with macron below (page does not exist)">Х̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_inverted_breve_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with inverted breve below (page does not exist)">Х̮</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_inverted_breve" title="Kha with inverted breve">Х̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_caron" class="mw-redirect" title="Kha with caron">Х̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_descender" title="Kha with descender">Ҳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_hook" title="Kha with hook">Ӽ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with ring above (page does not exist)">х̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_stroke" title="Kha with stroke">Ӿ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_stroke_and_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with stroke and ring above (page does not exist)">ӿ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shha" title="Shha">Һ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shha_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shha with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Һ̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_descender" title="Shha with descender">Ԧ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with caron (page does not exist)">Ц̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Ц̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Te Tse (Cyrillic)">Ҵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_descender" title="Che with descender">Ҷ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_descender_and_dot_below" title="Che with descender and dot below">Ҷ̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_diaeresis" title="Che with diaeresis">Ӵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Khakassian_Che" title="Khakassian Che">Ӌ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Che_with_hook" title="Che with hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_vertical_stroke" title="Che with vertical stroke">Ҹ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with dot above (page does not exist)">Ч̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_dot_below" title="Che with dot below">Ч̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Che" title="Abkhazian Che">Ҽ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Che_with_descender" title="Abkhazian Che with descender">Ҿ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with dot below (page does not exist)">Ш̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Unicode_superscripts_and_subscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode superscripts and subscripts">ꚜ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_breve" title="Yery with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ы̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_macron" title="Yery with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ы̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_diaeresis" title="Yery with diaeresis">Ӹ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Unicode_superscripts_and_subscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode superscripts and subscripts">ꚝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Semisoft_sign" title="Semisoft sign">Ҍ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/O-hook" title="O-hook">Ҩ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="E with breve (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Э̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="E with macron (Cyrillic)">Э̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_dot_above_(Cyrillic)" title="E with dot above (Cyrillic)">Э̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="E with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӭ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_diaeresis_and_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with diaeresis and acute (page does not exist)">Ӭ́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_diaeresis_and_macron" class="mw-redirect" title="E with diaeresis and macron">Ӭ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_breve" title="Yu with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̆</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_diaeresis" title="Yu with diaeresis"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̈</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_macron" title="Yu with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_breve" title="Ya with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_macron" title="Ya with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_diaeresis" title="Ya with diaeresis"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̈</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Palochka" title="Palochka">Ӏ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter apostrophe">ʼ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_double_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter double apostrophe">ˮ</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Archaic</a> or unused letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Script_A" title="Script A"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="203" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)" title="A with ogonek (Cyrillic)">А̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be with grave (page does not exist)">Б̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Be_with_dot_below" title="Be with dot below">Б̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be_with_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be with macron (page does not exist)">Б̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ve_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ve with grave (page does not exist)">В̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with grave (page does not exist)">Г̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_cedilla" title="Ge with cedilla"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Г̧</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_macron" title="Ge with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Г̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with comma (page does not exist)">Г̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_middle_hook_and_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with middle hook and grave (page does not exist)">Ҕ̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_middle_hook_and_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with middle hook and breve (page does not exist)">Ҕ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge_split_by_middle_ring" title="Ge split by middle ring"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_De" title="Komi De">Ԁ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with comma (page does not exist)">Д̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with grave (page does not exist)">Д̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_ogonek" class="mw-redirect" title="De with ogonek">Д̨</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Dje" title="Komi Dje">Ԃ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Dwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚁ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_De" title="Soft De"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙣ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye with dot above (page does not exist)">Е̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye with ogonek (page does not exist)">Е̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with grave (page does not exist)">Ж̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ж̑</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_stroke" title="Zhe with stroke"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Je_with_belt" title="Je with belt"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙃ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ꙅ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Dje with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzhe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzhe with breve (page does not exist)">Џ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhwe" title="Zhwe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚅ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhwe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhwe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚅ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙁ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with grave (page does not exist)">З̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with inverted breve (page does not exist)">З̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Zje" title="Komi Zje">Ԅ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Dzje" title="Komi Dzje">Ԇ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzze" title="Dzze"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚉ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzzhe" title="Dzzhe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԫ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Dzwe" title="Dzwe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚃ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Hwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚕ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_Cil_top" title="Shha with Cil top"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Shha with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with circumflex (page does not exist)">І̂</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with dot below (page does not exist)">І̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with ogonek (page does not exist)">І̨</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_with_curve_at_bottom" title="Dotted I with curve at bottom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Je_with_stroke_(Cyrillic)" title="Je with stroke (Cyrillic)">Ј̵</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Je_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Je with tilde (page does not exist)">Ј̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Djerv" title="Djerv"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙉ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with comma (page does not exist)">К̓</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_grave" title="Ka with grave">К̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with breve (page does not exist)">К̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_hook_and_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with hook and breve (page does not exist)">Ӄ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with inverted breve (page does not exist)">К̑</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with dot above (page does not exist)">К̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with diaeresis (page does not exist)">К̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_macron" title="Ka with macron">К̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Aleut_Ka" title="Aleut Ka"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԟ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_circumflex" title="Ka with circumflex">К̂</a></td><td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_loop" title="Ka with loop"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_ascender" title="Ka with ascender"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with grave (page does not exist)">Л̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_middle_hook" title="El with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԡ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_El" title="Soft El"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙥ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Lje" title="Komi Lje">Ԉ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Л̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with dot above (page does not exist)">Л̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lha_(Cyrillic)" title="Lha (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԕ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_with_retroflex_hook" title="El with retroflex hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Er" title="El Er"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Te_El_with_retroflex_hook" title="Te El with retroflex hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Em_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Em with grave (page does not exist)">М̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Em_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Em with tilde (page does not exist)">М̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_Em" title="Soft Em"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙧ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with grave (page does not exist)">Н̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_macron" title="En with macron">Н̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with cedilla (page does not exist)">Н̧</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with tilde (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Н̃</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Nje" title="Komi Nje">Ԋ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_middle_hook" title="En with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԣ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_palatal_hook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with palatal hook (page does not exist)">Н̡</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Broad_On" title="Broad On">Ѻ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Monocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙩ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Binocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙫ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Double_monocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙭ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Multiocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">ꙮ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Double_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants">Ꚙ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Crossed_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚛ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_open_top" title="O with open top"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_open_bottom" title="O with open bottom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_left_notch" title="O with left notch"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with comma (page does not exist)">П̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with grave (page does not exist)">П̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with acute (page does not exist)">П́</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_with_middle_hook" title="Pe with middle hook">Ҧ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with cedilla (page does not exist)">П̧</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with inverted breve (page does not exist)">П̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">Ҁ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qa_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qa with breve (page does not exist)">Ԛ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_hook" title="Shha with hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/7px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/11px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with acute (page does not exist)">Р́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with grave (page does not exist)">Р̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with tilde (page does not exist)">Р̃</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Split_at_right_Er" title="Split at right Er"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/6px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/9px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Rha_(Cyrillic)" title="Rha (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԗ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with grave (page does not exist)">С̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Es_with_diaeresis" title="Es with diaeresis">С̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Sje" title="Komi Sje">Ԍ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The with comma (page does not exist)">Ҫ̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Long_Es" title="Long Es"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with comma (page does not exist)">Т̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with grave (page does not exist)">Т̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Tje" title="Komi Tje">Ԏ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Т̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_middle_hook" title="Te with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚋ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with cedilla (page does not exist)">Т̧</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Twe" title="Twe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚍ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚍ̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Te_El" title="Te El"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_El" title="Voiceless El"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_El_with_comma" title="Voiceless El with comma"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)">Ѹ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙋ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Script_U" title="Script U"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/11px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/17px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/22px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_dot_above_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with dot above (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">У̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with ogonek (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">У̨</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uk_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uk with acute (page does not exist)">ꙋ́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ef_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ef with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ф̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ef_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ef with comma (page does not exist)">Ф̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with acute (page does not exist)">Х́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with grave (page does not exist)">Х̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with breve (page does not exist)">Х̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with dot above (page does not exist)">Х̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with cedilla (page does not exist)">Х̧</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_vertical_tilde" title="Kha with vertical tilde">Х̾</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with comma (page does not exist)">Х̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Ha" title="Bashkir Ha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shha_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shha with macron below (page does not exist)">һ̱</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѡ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙍ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѽ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ot_(Cyrillic)" title="Ot (Cyrillic)">Ѿ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Tse" title="Reversed Tse"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙡ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with grave (page does not exist)">Ц̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with acute (page does not exist)">Ц́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with comma (page does not exist)">Ц̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tse_with_long_left_leg" title="Tse with long left leg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/10px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/20px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tswe" title="Tswe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚏ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tswe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tswe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚏ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cil_(Cyrillic)" title="Cil (Cyrillic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cil_with_bar" title="Cil with bar"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tsse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tsse (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚑ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with acute (page does not exist)">Ч́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with grave (page does not exist)">Ч̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with breve (page does not exist)">Ч̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ч̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with comma (page does not exist)">Ч̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Char_(Cyrillic)" title="Char (Cyrillic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/10px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/20px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Char_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Char with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dche" title="Dche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԭ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tche" title="Tche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚓ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cche" class="mw-redirect" title="Cche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚇ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cche_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cche with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚇ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkhazian_Che_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abkhazian Che with breve (page does not exist)">Ҽ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with grave (page does not exist)">Ш̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sha_with_breve" title="Sha with breve">Ш̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ш̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shcha_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shcha with breve (page does not exist)">Щ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Shwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚗ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shwe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shwe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚗ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Che_Sha" title="Che Sha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/27px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/36px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with macron (page does not exist)">Ъ̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_diaresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with diaresis (page does not exist)">Ъ̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_diaresis_and_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with diaresis and macron (page does not exist)">Ъ̈̄</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ꙑ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yery_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yery with circumflex (page does not exist)">Ы̂</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yery_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yery with tilde (page does not exist)">Ы̃</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_connecting_stroke" title="Yery with connecting stroke"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/11px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/17px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/22px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yat with acute">Ѣ́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat_with_diaeresis" title="Yat with diaeresis">Ѣ̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yat_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yat with breve (page does not exist)">Ѣ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙓ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with ogonek (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Э̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with circumflex (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Э̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Yu" class="mw-redirect" title="Reversed Yu">Ꙕ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_wth_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yu wth circumflex (page does not exist)">Ю̂</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_uk" title="Iotated uk"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/32px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_uk_with_breve" title="Iotated uk with breve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/14px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/21px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/28px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A" title="Iotated A">Ꙗ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya with circumflex (page does not exist)">Я̂</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya with ogonek (page does not exist)">Я̨</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yae_(Cyrillic)" title="Yae (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԙ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_E" title="Iotated E">Ѥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѧ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙙ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѫ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ꙛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѩ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙝ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѭ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic)" title="Ksi (Cyrillic)">Ѯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">Ѱ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">Ѳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѷ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yn" title="Yn"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙟ</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below plainlist" style="background:#efefef;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_letters" title="List of Cyrillic letters">List of Cyrillic letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_multigraphs" title="List of Cyrillic multigraphs">List of Cyrillic multigraphs</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Template talk:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="text-align: left; empty-cells: hide; font-size: 0.9em" class="wikitable"> <caption>Cyrillic alphabets comparison table </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Early scripts </th></tr> <tr> <th>Church Slavonic </th> <th>А </th> <th> </th> <th>Б </th> <th>В </th> <th>Г </th> <th> </th> <th>Д </th> <th> </th> <th>(Ѕ) </th> <th>Е </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>Ж </th> <th> </th> <th>Ѕ/З </th> <th> </th> <th>И </th> <th>І </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>К </th> <th> </th> <th>Л </th> <th> </th> <th>М </th> <th> </th> <th>Н </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>О </th> <th> </th> <th>П </th> <th> </th> <th>Р </th> <th> </th> <th>С </th> <th> </th> <th>Т </th> <th> </th> <th>Оу </th> <th> </th> <th>(Ѡ) </th> <th>Ф </th> <th>Х </th> <th> </th> <th>Ц </th> <th> </th> <th>Ч </th> <th> </th> <th>Ш </th> <th>Щ </th> <th>Ъ </th> <th>Ы </th> <th>Ѣ </th> <th>Ь </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>Ю </th> <th>Ꙗ </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>Ѥ </th> <th>Ѧ </th> <th>Ѩ </th> <th>Ѫ </th> <th>Ѭ </th> <th><b>Ѯ</b> </th> <th>Ѱ </th> <th>Ѳ </th> <th>Ѵ </th> <th><i>Ҁ</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Most common shared letters </th></tr> <tr> <th><i>Common</i> </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">South Slavic languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bulgarian </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Дз</span></td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Дж</span></td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Macedonian </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td>Ѓ</td> <td>Ѕ</td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td>Ј</td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td>Љ</td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Њ</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td>Ќ</td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Џ</td> <td>Ш </td></tr> <tr> <th>Serbian </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td>Ђ</td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td>Ј</td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td>Љ</td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Њ</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td>Ћ</td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Џ</td> <td>Ш </td></tr> <tr> <th>Montenegrin </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td>Ђ</td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td>З́</td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td>Ј</td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td>Љ</td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Њ</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td>С́</td> <td>Т</td> <td>Ћ</td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Џ</td> <td>Ш </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">East Slavic languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Russian </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td></td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Belarusian </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ґ</td> <td>Д</td> <td>Дж</td> <td>Дз</td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>І</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ў</td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td> </td> <td>’</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ukrainian </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ґ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td>Є</td> <td>Йо</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td>І</td> <td> </td> <td>Ї</td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>’</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rusyn </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ґ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td>Є</td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td>І</td> <td> </td> <td>Ї</td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td>Ѣ</td> <td>Ь</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Iranian languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Kurdish </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Г'</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>Ә'</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td>К'</td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ö</td> <td>П</td> <td>П' </td> <td>Р</td> <td>Р'</td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td>Т'</td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Һ </td> <td>Һ'</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Ч'</td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ԛ</td> <td>Ԝ </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ossetian </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ӕ</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Гъ</span></td> <td>Д</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Дж</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Дз</span></td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Къ</span></td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Пъ</span> </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Тъ</span></td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Хъ</span> </td> <td>Ц</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Цъ</span></td> <td>Ч</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Чъ</span></td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tajik </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ғ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td>Ӣ</td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td>Қ</td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ӯ</td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Ҳ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Ҷ</td> <td>Ш</td> <td> </td> <td>Ъ</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Romance languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Moldovan<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Romanian)</span> </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ж</td> <td>Ӂ</td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Uralic languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Komi-Permyak </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td>І</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ӧ</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Meadow Mari </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ҥ</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ӧ</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ӱ</td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Hill Mari </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ӓ</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ӧ</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ӱ</td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td>Ӹ</td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kildin Sami </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ӓ</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td>Й</td> <td>Ҋ</td> <td>Ј </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td>Ӆ</td> <td>М</td> <td>Ӎ</td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ӊ</td> <td>Ӈ</td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td>Ҏ</td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Һ </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Ҍ</td> <td>Э</td> <td>Ӭ</td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Udmurt </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td>Ӝ</td> <td>З</td> <td>Ӟ</td> <td>И</td> <td>Ӥ</td> <td>Й</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>К</td> <td>(К̈)</td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ӧ</td> <td>П</td> <td> </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td> </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Ӵ</td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Turkic languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Azerbaijani </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ғ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З</td> <td>Ы</td> <td>И</td> <td>Ј</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й</td> <td>К</td> <td>Ҝ</td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td> </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td>Ү</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Һ</td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Ҹ</td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bashkir </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ғ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td>Ҙ</td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td>Ҡ</td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ң</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td>Ҫ</td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td>Ү</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Һ </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuvash </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ӑ</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ӗ</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td>Ҫ</td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ӳ</td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kazakh </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ғ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td>І</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td>Қ</td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ң</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ұ</td> <td>Ү</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Һ </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kyrgyz </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td> </td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ң</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td>Ү</td> <td> </td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tatar </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td>Җ</td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ң</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td>Ү</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Һ </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uzbek </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ғ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td>Қ</td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ў</td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Ҳ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td> </td> <td>Ъ</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Mongolian languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Buryat </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td>Ү</td> <td> </td> <td>Х</td> <td>Һ </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Khalkha </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td>Ү</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kalmyk </th> <td>А</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Һ</td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ж</td> <td>Җ</td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ң</td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ө</td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td>Ү</td> <td> </td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Caucasian languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Abkhaz </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td>Ҕ</td> <td>Д</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Дә</span></td> <td>Џ</td> <td>Е</td> <td>Ҽ</td> <td>Ҿ</td> <td>Ж</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Жә</span></td> <td>З </td> <td>Ӡ <span style="font-size:85%;">Ӡә</span></td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й</td> <td>К</td> <td>Қ</td> <td>Ҟ </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>О</td> <td>Ҩ</td> <td>П</td> <td>Ҧ </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т <span style="font-size:85%;">Тә</span></td> <td>Ҭ <span style="font-size:85%;">Ҭә</span></td> <td>У</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>Ҳ <span style="font-size:85%;">Ҳә</span> </td> <td>Ц <span style="font-size:85%;">Цә</span></td> <td>Ҵ <span style="font-size:85%;">Ҵә</span></td> <td>Ч</td> <td>Ҷ</td> <td>Ш <span style="font-size:85%;">Шә</span></td> <td>Щ</td> <td> </td> <td>Ы </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="73" style="text-align: center">Sino-Tibetan languages </th></tr> <tr> <th>Dungan </th> <td>А</td> <td> </td> <td>Б</td> <td>В</td> <td>Г</td> <td> </td> <td>Д</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td>Ё</td> <td>Ж</td> <td>Җ</td> <td>З </td> <td> </td> <td>И</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Й </td> <td>К</td> <td> </td> <td>Л</td> <td> </td> <td>М</td> <td> </td> <td>Н</td> <td>Ң</td> <td>Ә</td> <td>О</td> <td> </td> <td>П</td> <td>  </td> <td>Р</td> <td> </td> <td>С</td> <td> </td> <td>Т</td> <td> </td> <td>У</td> <td>Ў</td> <td>Ү</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>Х</td> <td>  </td> <td>Ц</td> <td> </td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td>Ш</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>Ы</td> <td> </td> <td>Ь</td> <td>Э</td> <td> </td> <td>Ю</td> <td>Я </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul><li><i>Ё</i> in Russian is usually spelled as <i>Е</i>; <i>Ё</i> is typically printed in texts for learners and in dictionaries, and in word pairs which are differentiated only by that letter (<i>все</i> – <i>всё</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_encoding">Computer encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Computer encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode" title="Cyrillic script in Unicode">Cyrillic script in Unicode</a></div> <p>As of Unicode version 16.0, Cyrillic letters, including national and historical alphabets, are encoded across several <a href="/wiki/Unicode_block" title="Unicode block">blocks</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_(Unicode_block)" title="Cyrillic (Unicode block)">Cyrillic</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf">U+0400–U+04FF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Supplement" title="Cyrillic Supplement">Cyrillic Supplement</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0500.pdf">U+0500–U+052F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Extended-A" title="Cyrillic Extended-A">Cyrillic Extended-A</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2DE0.pdf">U+2DE0–U+2DFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Extended-B" title="Cyrillic Extended-B">Cyrillic Extended-B</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA640.pdf">U+A640–U+A69F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Extended-C" title="Cyrillic Extended-C">Cyrillic Extended-C</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1C80.pdf">U+1C80–U+1C8F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Extended-D" title="Cyrillic Extended-D">Cyrillic Extended-D</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1E030.pdf">U+1E030–U+1E08F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_Extensions" title="Phonetic Extensions">Phonetic Extensions</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D00.pdf">U+1D2B, U+1D78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_Half_Marks" title="Combining Half Marks">Combining Half Marks</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE20.pdf">U+FE2E–U+FE2F</a></li></ul> <p>The characters in the range U+0400 to U+045F are essentially the characters from <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-5" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-5">ISO 8859-5</a> moved upward by 864 positions. The characters in the range U+0460 to U+0489 are historic letters, not used now. The characters in the range U+048A to U+052F are additional letters for various languages that are written with Cyrillic script. </p><p>Unicode as a general rule does not include accented Cyrillic letters. A few exceptions include: </p> <ul><li>combinations that are considered as separate letters of respective alphabets, like <a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">Й</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ў">Ў</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">Ё</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Ї">Ї</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѓ">Ѓ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ќ">Ќ</a> (as well as many letters of non-Slavic alphabets);</li> <li>two most frequent combinations orthographically required to distinguish <a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">homonyms</a> in Bulgarian and Macedonian: <a href="/wiki/%D0%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѐ">Ѐ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѝ">Ѝ</a>;</li> <li>a few Old and New Church Slavonic combinations: <a href="/wiki/%D1%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѷ">Ѷ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D1%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѿ">Ѿ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D1%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѽ">Ѽ</a>.</li></ul> <p>To indicate stressed or long vowels, <a href="/wiki/Combining_diacritical_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Combining diacritical mark">combining diacritical marks</a> can be used after the respective letter (for example, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0301</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌́</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT</span>: е́ у́ э́ etc.). </p><p>Some languages, including <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic</a>, are still not fully supported.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Unicode 5.1, released on 4 April 2008, introduces major changes to the Cyrillic blocks. Revisions to the existing Cyrillic blocks, and the addition of Cyrillic Extended A (2DE0 ... 2DFF) and Cyrillic Extended B (A640 ... A69F), significantly improve support for the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">early Cyrillic alphabet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> systems for Cyrillic: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP866" class="mw-redirect" title="CP866">CP866</a> – 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> for use in <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> also known as GOST-alternative. Cyrillic characters go in their native order, with a "window" for pseudographic characters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">ISO/IEC 8859-5</a> – 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a> – 8-bit native Russian character encoding. Invented in the USSR for use on Soviet clones of American IBM and DEC computers. The Cyrillic characters go in the order of their Latin counterparts, which allowed the text to remain readable after transmission via a 7-bit line that removed the <a href="/wiki/Most_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Most significant bit">most significant bit</a> from each byte – the result became a very rough, but readable, Latin transliteration of Cyrillic. Standard encoding of early 1990s for <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> systems and the first Russian Internet encoding.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a> – KOI8-R with addition of Ukrainian letters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_Code_page" class="mw-redirect" title="MIK Code page">MIK</a> – 8-bit native Bulgarian character encoding for use in <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">Windows-1251</a> – 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by Microsoft for use in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. The simplest 8-bit Cyrillic encoding – 32 capital chars in native order at 0xc0–0xdf, 32 usual chars at 0xe0–0xff, with rarely used "YO" characters somewhere else. No pseudographics. Former standard encoding in some <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> distributions for Belarusian and Bulgarian, but currently displaced by <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>.</li> <li>GOST-main.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a> – Principally simplified Chinese encodings, but there are also the basic 33 Russian Cyrillic letters (in upper- and lower-case).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_encoding" title="JIS encoding">JIS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> – Principally Japanese encodings, but there are also the basic 33 Russian Cyrillic letters (in upper- and lower-case).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keyboard_layouts">Keyboard layouts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Keyboard layouts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Keyboard_layouts_for_non-Latin_alphabetic_scripts" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layouts for non-Latin alphabetic scripts</a></div> <p>Each language has its own standard <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a>, adopted from traditional national <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a>. With the flexibility of computer input methods, there are also transliterating or phonetic/homophonic keyboard layouts made for typists who are more familiar with other layouts, like the common English <a href="/wiki/QWERTY_keyboard" class="mw-redirect" title="QWERTY keyboard">QWERTY keyboard</a>. When practical Cyrillic keyboard layouts are unavailable, computer users sometimes use transliteration (translit) or look-alike (volapuk encoding) to type in languages that are normally written with the Cyrillic alphabet. Potentially, these proxy versions could be transformed programmatically into Cyrillic at a later date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Portal:Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Languages">Languages portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Alphabet_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic Alphabet Day">Cyrillic Alphabet Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_digraphs" title="Cyrillic digraphs">Cyrillic digraphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode" title="Cyrillic script in Unicode">Cyrillic script in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faux_Cyrillic" title="Faux Cyrillic">Faux Cyrillic</a>, real or fake Cyrillic letters used to give Latin-alphabet text a Soviet or Russian feel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_digraphs_and_trigraphs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cyrillic digraphs and trigraphs">List of Cyrillic digraphs and trigraphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cursive" title="Russian cursive">Russian cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_manual_alphabet" title="Russian manual alphabet">Russian manual alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_the_Grammarian" title="Vladislav the Grammarian">Vladislav the Grammarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_manual_alphabet" title="Yugoslav manual alphabet">Yugoslav manual alphabet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_top-level_domains_in_Cyrillic">Internet top-level domains in Cyrillic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Internet top-level domains in Cyrillic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains#Cyrillic_script" title="List of Internet top-level domains">gTLDs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title=".мон">.мон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B3" title=".бг">.бг</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7" title=".қаз">.қаз</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%80%D1%84" title=".рф">.рф</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B1" title=".срб">.срб</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80" title=".укр">.укр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B4" title=".мкд">.мкд</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title=".бел">.бел</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">North Macedonia has two official languages, Macedonian, which is written in Cyrillic, and Albanian, written in Latin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serbian language can be written in both Cyrillic and Latin script. Only Cyrillic script is used in official documents.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two of the three official languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian and Serbian, can be written in Cyrillic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serbian, one of the two official languages in Kosovo, can be written in Cyrillic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kazakh language will be transitioned to a Latin script from 2023 to 2031. Russian, the co-official language in Kazakhstan, will continue to be written in Cyrillic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyrillic is the de facto script used alongside Latin. It is used in business, government, and other official documents. It is also widely spread throughout Uzbekistan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyrillic is used co-officially alongside the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Montenegrin language, the official language of Montenegro, is written in Latin and Cyrillic.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turkmenistan has one official language, Turkmen, which is written in Latin. The daily official newspaper is published in both Turkmen (<i>Türkmenistan</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Russian <a href="/wiki/Neytralny_Turkmenistan" title="Neytralny Turkmenistan">(<i>Нейтральный Туркменистан</i>)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Russian name <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">ital'yanskiy shrift</i></span> (Italian type) refers to a particular typeface family, whereas <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">rimskiy shrift</i></span> (roman type) is just a synonym for Latin type, Latin alphabet.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Auty, R. <i>Handbook of Old Church Slavonic, Part II: Texts and Glossary.</i> 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metbugat.gov.tm/newspapers?id=10">"Gazetler | TDNG"</a>. <i>metbugat.gov.tm</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415035750/https://metbugat.gov.tm/newspapers?id=10">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=metbugat.gov.tm&rft.atitle=Gazetler+%26%23124%3B+TDNG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetbugat.gov.tm%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metbugat.gov.tm/newspapers?id=11">"Gazetler | TDNG"</a>. <i>metbugat.gov.tm</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033446/https://metbugat.gov.tm/newspapers?id=11">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=metbugat.gov.tm&rft.atitle=Gazetler+%26%23124%3B+TDNG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetbugat.gov.tm%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/521235.stm">Oldest alphabet found in Egypt</a>. BBC. 1999-11-15. Retrieved 2015-01-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">List of countries by population</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrban2007" class="citation web cs1">Orban, Leonard (24 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-07-330_en.pdf">"Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-07-330_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyrillic%2C+the+third+official+alphabet+of+the+EU%2C+was+created+by+a+truly+multilingual+European&rft.pub=European+Union&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft.aulast=Orban&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Frapid%2Fpress-release_SPEECH-07-330_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Columbia Encyclopedia</i>, Sixth Edition. 2001–05, s.v. "Cyril and Methodius, Saints"; <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, Encyclopædia Britannica Incorporated, Warren E. Preece – 1972, p. 846, s.v., "Cyril and Methodius, Saints" and "Eastern Orthodoxy, Missions ancient and modern"; <i>Encyclopedia of World Cultures</i>, David H. Levinson, 1991, p. 239, s.v., "Social Science"; Eric M. Meyers, <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East</i>, p. 151, 1997; Lunt, <i>Slavic Review</i>, June 1964, p. 216; Roman Jakobson, <i>Crucial problems of Cyrillo-Methodian Studies</i>; Leonid Ivan Strakhovsky, <i>A Handbook of Slavic Studies</i>, p. 98; V. Bogdanovich, <i>History of the ancient Serbian literature</i>, Belgrade, 1980, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1956" class="citation book cs1">Dvornik, Francis (1956). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor"><i>The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization</i></a></span>. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor/page/n184">179</a>. <q>The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches and it was in this school that the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a> was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs%3A+Their+Early+History+and+Civilization&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavstheirearlyh00dvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurta2006">Curta (2006)</a>, pp. 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHusseyLouth2010" class="citation book cs1">Hussey, J. M.; Louth, Andrew (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J-H9BTVHKRMC&pg=PR98">"The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire"</a>. <i>Oxford History of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161488-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161488-0"><bdi>978-0-19-161488-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.btitle=Oxford+History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161488-0&rft.aulast=Hussey&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Louth%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ-H9BTVHKRMC%26pg%3DPR98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBidwell1967" class="citation book cs1">Bidwell, Charles Everett (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ERIC_ED016193/mode/2up"><i>Alphabets of the Modern Slavic Languages</i></a>. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh. p. 4. <q>Cyrillic was apparently adopted by the followers of Cyril and Methodius in Bulgaria (where they had retired at the invitation of the Czar of the Bulgars as a more favorable field for their activities, after encountering opposition from western oriented missionaries in Moravia).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alphabets+of+the+Modern+Slavic+Languages&rft.place=Pittsburgh&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Bidwell&rft.aufirst=Charles+Everett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FERIC_ED016193%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch2020" class="citation book cs1">MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2020). <i>A History of Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years</i>. London: The Folio Society. <q>Cyrillic ... in reference to the monastic name he adopted right at the end of his life, Cyril. That was an adroit piece of homage ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Christianity%3A+The+First+Three+Thousand+Years&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Folio+Society&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=Diarmaid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dobrotoliubie.com/2021/10/15/провежда-се-международна-конференци/">"Провежда се международна конференция в гр. Опака за св. Антоний от Крепчанския манастир"</a> [An international conference is being held in the town of Opaka for St. Anthony of the Krepchan Monastery]. 15 October 2021. <q>Another inscription found by Popkonstantinov during the survey of the monastery speaks of the time of its creation. It consists of nine lines and has come down to us much damaged. 59 letters are saved. The first three lines are readable. What is preserved of him reads: "In the year 921, in the month of October, the servant of God Anton died..."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D1%80.+%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B2.+%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdobrotoliubie.com%2F2021%2F10%2F15%2F%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cubberley1996-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cubberley1996_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cubberley1996_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Cubberley (1996) "The Slavic Alphabets". In Daniels and Bright, eds. <i>The World's Writing Systems.</i> Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0">0-19-507993-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Columbia_Encyclopedia_1972,_p._846-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Columbia_Encyclopedia_1972,_p._846_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Columbia Encyclopedia</i>, Sixth Edition. 2001–05, s.v. "Cyril and Methodius, Saints"; <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, Encyclopædia Britannica Incorporated, Warren E. Preece – 1972, p. 846, s.v., "Cyril and Methodius, Saints" and "Eastern Orthodoxy, Missions ancient and modern"; <i>Encyclopedia of World Cultures</i>, David H. Levinson, 1991, p. 239, s.v., "Social Science"; Eric M. Meyers, <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East</i>, p. 151, 1997; Lunt, <i>Slavic Review</i>, June, 1964, p. 216; Roman Jakobson, <i>Crucial problems of Cyrillo-Methodian Studies</i>; Leonid Ivan Strakhovsky, <i>A Handbook of Slavic Studies</i>, p. 98; V. Bogdanovich, <i>History of the ancient Serbian literature</i>, Belgrade, 1980, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Columbia Encyclopaedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05, O.Ed. Saints Cyril and Methodius "Cyril and Methodius, Saints) 869 and 884, respectively, "Greek missionaries, brothers, called Apostles to the Slavs and fathers of Slavonic literature."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritGlago-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritGlago_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Major alphabets of the world, Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets</i>, 2008, O.Ed. "The two early Slavic alphabets, the Cyrillic and the Glagolitic, were invented by St. Cyril, or Constantine (c. 827–869), and St. Methodii (c. 825–884). These men from Thessaloniki who became apostles to the southern Slavs, whom they converted to Christianity."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollingsworth1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hollingsworth, P. A. (1991). "Constantine the Philosopher". In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>. <q>Constantine (Cyril) and his brother Methodius were the sons of the droungarios Leo and Maria, who may have been a Slav.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Constantine+the+Philosopher&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=507&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rft.aulast=Hollingsworth&rft.aufirst=P.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunt1987" class="citation journal cs1">Lunt, Horace G. (January 1987). "On the relationship of old Church Slavonic to the written language of early Rus". <i>Russian Linguistics</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 133–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00242073">10.1007/BF00242073</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:166319427">166319427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Linguistics&rft.atitle=On+the+relationship+of+old+Church+Slavonic+to+the+written+language+of+early+Rus&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-162&rft.date=1987-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00242073&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A166319427%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lunt&rft.aufirst=Horace+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchenker1995" class="citation book cs1">Schenker, Alexander (1995). <i>The Dawn of Slavic</i>. Yale University Press. pp. 185–186, 189–190.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dawn+of+Slavic&rft.pages=185-186%2C+189-190&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Schenker&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunt2001" class="citation book cs1">Lunt, Horace (2001). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oldchurchslavoni00lunt"><i>Old Church Slavonic Grammar</i></a></span>. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oldchurchslavoni00lunt/page/n19">3</a>–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110162844" title="Special:BookSources/9783110162844"><bdi>9783110162844</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Church+Slavonic+Grammar&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9783110162844&rft.aulast=Lunt&rft.aufirst=Horace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldchurchslavoni00lunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWien1983" class="citation book cs1">Wien, Lysaght (1983). <i>Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian)-Middle Greek-Modern English dictionary</i>. Verlag Bruder Hollinek.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Church+Slavonic+%28Old+Bulgarian%29-Middle+Greek-Modern+English+dictionary&rft.pub=Verlag+Bruder+Hollinek&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Wien&rft.aufirst=Lysaght&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortson-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fortson_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benjamin W. Fortson. <i>Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction</i>, p. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balic-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Balic_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalić1978" class="citation book cs1">Balić, Smail (1978). <i>Die Kultur der Bosniaken, Supplement I: Inventar des bosnischen literarischen Erbes in orientalischen Sprachen</i>. Vienna: Adolf Holzhausens, Vienna. pp. 49–50, 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Kultur+der+Bosniaken%2C+Supplement+I%3A+Inventar+des+bosnischen+literarischen+Erbes+in+orientalischen+Sprachen&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pages=49-50%2C+111&rft.pub=Adolf+Holzhausens%2C+Vienna&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Bali%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Smail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgar1995" class="citation book cs1">Algar, Hamid (1995). <i>The Literature of the Bosnian Muslims: a Quadrilingual Heritage</i>. Kuala Lumpur: Nadwah Ketakwaan Melalui Kreativiti. pp. 254–268.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Literature+of+the+Bosnian+Muslims%3A+a+Quadrilingual+Heritage&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pages=254-268&rft.pub=Nadwah+Ketakwaan+Melalui+Kreativiti&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Algar&rft.aufirst=Hamid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dzaja-lovrenovic-polemic-vjenac-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dzaja-lovrenovic-polemic-vjenac_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411013513/http://ivanlovrenovic.com/2015/06/srecko-m-dzaja-vs-ivan-lovrenovic-polemika-o-kulturnom-identitetu-bih/">"Srećko M. Džaja vs. Ivan Lovrenović – polemika o kulturnom identitetu BiH"</a>. <i>Ivan Lovrenović</i> (in Croatian). Polemics appeared between <a href="/wiki/Sre%C4%87ko_M._D%C5%BEaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Srećko M. Džaja">Srećko M. Džaja</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lovrenovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Lovrenović">Ivan Lovrenović</a> in Zagreb's biweekly "Vijenac", later in whole published in Journal of Franciscan theology in Sarajevo, "Bosna franciscana" No.42. 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ivanlovrenovic.com/2015/06/srecko-m-dzaja-vs-ivan-lovrenovic-polemika-o-kulturnom-identitetu-bih/">the original</a> on 11 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ivan+Lovrenovi%C4%87&rft.atitle=Sre%C4%87ko+M.+D%C5%BEaja+vs.+Ivan+Lovrenovi%C4%87+%E2%80%93+polemika+o+kulturnom+identitetu+BiH&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fivanlovrenovic.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fsrecko-m-dzaja-vs-ivan-lovrenovic-polemika-o-kulturnom-identitetu-bih%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILIEV-2013-SHORT-HISTORY-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ILIEV-2013-SHORT-HISTORY_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIliev2013" class="citation journal cs1">Iliev, Ivan G. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijors.net/issue2_2_2013/articles/iliev.html">"Short history of the Cyrillic alphabet"</a>. <i>International Journal of Russian Studies</i> (2)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Russian+Studies&rft.atitle=Short+history+of+the+Cyrillic+alphabet&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Iliev&rft.aufirst=Ivan+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijors.net%2Fissue2_2_2013%2Farticles%2Filiev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Civil_Type-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Civil_Type_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYefimov2002" class="citation book cs1">Yefimov, Vladimir (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typejournal.ru/en/articles/Civil-Type">"Civil Type and Kis Cyrillic"</a>. In Berry, John D. (ed.). <i>Language Culture Type: International Type Design in the Age of Unicode</i>. New York City: Graphis Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1932026016" title="Special:BookSources/978-1932026016"><bdi>978-1932026016</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161208094455/http://typejournal.ru/en/articles/Civil-Type">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Civil+Type+and+Kis+Cyrillic&rft.btitle=Language+Culture+Type%3A+International+Type+Design+in+the+Age+of+Unicode&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Graphis+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1932026016&rft.aulast=Yefimov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypejournal.ru%2Fen%2Farticles%2FCivil-Type&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7#?c=&m=&s=&cv=30&xywh=-810,-1,7145,4335">"Bdinski Zbornik[manuscript]"</a>. <i>lib.ugent.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lib.ugent.be&rft.atitle=Bdinski+Zbornik%5Bmanuscript%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.ugent.be%2Fviewer%2Farchive.ugent.be%3A973E9242-B062-11E1-9EF1-99BDAAF23FF7%23%3Fc%3D%26m%3D%26s%3D%26cv%3D30%26xywh%3D-810%2C-1%2C7145%2C4335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">А. Н. Стеценко. <i>Хрестоматия по Старославянскому Языку</i>, 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cubberley, Paul. <i>The Slavic Alphabets</i>, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Variant form: S.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Variant form: Ꙋ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Variant form: ЪИ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunt-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lunt, Horace G. <i>Old Church Slavonic Grammar, Seventh Edition</i>, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBringhurst2002">Bringhurst (2002)</a> writes: "in Cyrillic, the difference between normal lower case and small caps is more subtle than it is in the Latin or Greek alphabets" (p. 32) and "in most Cyrillic faces, the lower case is close in color and shape to Latin small caps" (p. 107).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MakedonskiPravopis" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravopis.mk/sites/default/files/Pravopis-2017.PDF"><i>Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Skopje: Institut za makedonski jazik Krste Misirkov. 2017. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-608-220-042-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-608-220-042-2"><bdi>978-608-220-042-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.pravopis.mk/sites/default/files/Pravopis-2017.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pravopis+na+makedonskiot+jazik&rft.place=Skopje&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Institut+za+makedonski+jazik+Krste+Misirkov&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-608-220-042-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravopis.mk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPravopis-2017.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="PravopisSrpskog" class="citation book cs1">Peshikan, Mitar; Jerković, Jovan; Pižurica, Mato (1994). <i>Pravopis srpskoga jezika</i>. Beograd: Matica Srpska. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-363-0296-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-363-0296-5"><bdi>978-86-363-0296-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pravopis+srpskoga+jezika&rft.place=Beograd&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Matica+Srpska&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-86-363-0296-5&rft.aulast=Peshikan&rft.aufirst=Mitar&rft.au=Jerkovi%C4%87%2C+Jovan&rft.au=Pi%C5%BEurica%2C+Mato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cargocollective.com/cyrillicslyblog/Two-Cyrillics-a-critical-history-I">"Cyrillicsly: Two Cyrillics: a critical history I"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyrillicsly%3A+Two+Cyrillics%3A+a+critical+history+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcargocollective.com%2Fcyrillicslyblog%2FTwo-Cyrillics-a-critical-history-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fontsmith.com/blog/2016/10/12/cyrillic-script-variations-and-the-importance-of-localisation">"Cyrillic script variations and the importance of localisation - Fontshare.com"</a>. 24 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyrillic+script+variations+and+the+importance+of+localisation+-+Fontshare.com&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontsmith.com%2Fblog%2F2016%2F10%2F12%2Fcyrillic-script-variations-and-the-importance-of-localisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongolSwitch-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongolSwitch_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/26/kazakhstan-switch-official-alphabet-cyrillic-latin">"Alphabet soup as Kazakh leader orders switch from Cyrillic to Latin letters"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Alphabet+soup+as+Kazakh+leader+orders+switch+from+Cyrillic+to+Latin+letters&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Foct%2F26%2Fkazakhstan-switch-official-alphabet-cyrillic-latin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KazSwitch-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KazSwitch_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Times2020" class="citation news cs1">The Times (20 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mn/en/791396">"Mongolia to restore traditional alphabet by 2025"</a>. <i>News.MN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IOS+Universal+Multiple-Octet+Coded+Character+Set&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn3194.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBringhurst2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bringhurst" title="Robert Bringhurst">Bringhurst, Robert</a> (2002). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Elements_of_Typographic_Style" title="The Elements of Typographic Style">The Elements of Typographic Style</a></i>. 2.5. Vancouver: Hartley & Marks. pp. 262–264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88179-133-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88179-133-4"><bdi>0-88179-133-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements+of+Typographic+Style&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.series=2.5&rft.pages=262-264&rft.pub=Hartley+%26+Marks&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-88179-133-4&rft.aulast=Bringhurst&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0"><bdi>978-0-521-81539-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81539-0&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoutheasterneuro0000curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsailovićKrstić2015" class="citation book cs1">Isailović, Neven G.; Krstić, Aleksandar R. (2015). "Serbian Language and Cyrillic Script as a Means of Diplomatic Literacy in South Eastern Europe in 15th and 16th Centuries". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25272837"><i>Literacy Experiences concerning Medieval and Early Modern Transylvania</i></a>. Cluj-Napoca: George Bariţiu Institute of History. pp. 185–195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Language+and+Cyrillic+Script+as+a+Means+of+Diplomatic+Literacy+in+South+Eastern+Europe+in+15th+and+16th+Centuries&rft.btitle=Literacy+Experiences+concerning+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Transylvania&rft.place=Cluj-Napoca&rft.pages=185-195&rft.pub=George+Bari%C5%A3iu+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Isailovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Neven+G.&rft.au=Krsti%C4%87%2C+Aleksandar+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25272837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNezirović1992" class="citation book cs1">Nezirović, M. (1992). <i>Jevrejsko-španjolska književnost</i> [<i>Jewish-Spanish literature</i>]. Sarajevo: Svjetlost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jevrejsko-%C5%A1panjolska+knji%C5%BEevnost&rft.place=Sarajevo&rft.pub=Svjetlost&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Nezirovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span> [cited in Šmid, 2002]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProstov1931" class="citation journal cs1">Prostov, Eugene Victor (1931). "Origins of Russian Printing". <i>Library Quarterly</i>. <b>1</b> (1 (January)): 255–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F612949">10.1086/612949</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144864717">144864717</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Origins+of+Russian+Printing&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1+%28January%29&rft.pages=255-77&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F612949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144864717%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Prostov&rft.aufirst=Eugene+Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠmid2002" class="citation web cs1">Šmid, Katja (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407074136/http://hispanismo.cervantes.es/documentos/smidX.pdf">"Los problemas del estudio de la lengua sefardí"</a> [The problems of studying the Sephardic language] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hispanismo.cervantes.es/documentos/smidX.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+problemas+del+estudio+de+la+lengua+sefard%C3%AD&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=%C5%A0mid&rft.aufirst=Katja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhispanismo.cervantes.es%2Fdocumentos%2FsmidX.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span> in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Verba Hispanica</i>. Vol. X. Liubliana: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Liubliana. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0353-9660">0353-9660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verba+Hispanica&rft.place=Liubliana&rft.pub=Facultad+de+Filosof%C3%ADa+y+Letras+de+la+Universidad+de+Liubliana&rft.issn=0353-9660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>'The Lives of St. Tsurho and St. Strahota', Bohemia, 1495, Vatican Library</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmon2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ammon, Philipp (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sjani.ge/sjani-17/ფილიპპ%20ამონი.pdf">"Tractatus slavonicus (in: Sjani (Thoughts) )"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Georgian Scientific Journal of Literary Theory and Comparative Literature</i> (17): 248–256.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Georgian+Scientific+Journal+of+Literary+Theory+and+Comparative+Literature&rft.atitle=Tractatus+slavonicus+%28in%3A+Sjani+%28Thoughts%29+%29&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=248-256&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsjani.ge%2Fsjani-17%2F%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9E%2520%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cyrillic_alphabet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Cyrillic_script" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Cyrillic script">Appendix:Cyrillic script</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html">The Cyrillic Charset Soup</a> overview and history of Cyrillic charsets.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.eki.ee/">Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts</a>, a collection of writing systems and transliteration tables</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/cyrillic.htm">History and development of the Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://localfonts.eu/cyrillic-alphabets-of-slavic-languages/">Cyrillic Alphabets of Slavic Languages</a> review of Cyrillic charsets in Slavic Languages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042759/http://andregarzia.on-rev.com/richmond/LANGTOOLS.html">data entry in Old Cyrillic / Стара Кирилица</a> (archived 22 February 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog-en.namepedia.org/2015/04/cyrillic-and-its-long-journey-east/">Cyrillic and its Long Journey East – NamepediA Blog</a>, article about the Cyrillic script</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVladimir_M._Alpatov2013" class="citation podcast cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mikhaylovich_Alpatov" title="Vladimir Mikhaylovich Alpatov">Vladimir M. Alpatov</a> (24 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soundcloud.com/chssedinburgh/vladimir-alpatov-latin-alphabet-for-the-russian-language">"Latin Alphabet for the Russian Language"</a>. <i>Soundcloud</i> (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latin+Alphabet+for+the+Russian+Language&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft.au=Vladimir+M.+Alpatov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoundcloud.com%2Fchssedinburgh%2Fvladimir-alpatov-latin-alphabet-for-the-russian-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyrillic+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/collation/">Unicode collation charts</a>—including Cyrillic letters, sorted by shape</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transliteration_and_transcription_into_Cyrillic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyrillization" title="Template:Cyrillization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyrillization" title="Template talk:Cyrillization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrillization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrillization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transliteration_and_transcription_into_Cyrillic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization" title="Cyrillization">Transliteration and transcription into Cyrillic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Existing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Arabic" title="Cyrillization of Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Armenian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Armenian (page does not exist)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of English (page does not exist)">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_French" title="Cyrillization of French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_German" title="Cyrillization of German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Georgian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Georgian (page does not exist)">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Greek" title="Cyrillization of Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Irish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Irish (page does not exist)">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Korean" title="Cyrillization of Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Kurdish" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillization of Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Cyrillic">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Persian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillization of Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Polish" title="Cyrillization of Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Spanish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Spanish (page does not exist)">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Turkish" title="Cyrillization of Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillization_of_Vietnamese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillization of Vietnamese (page does not exist)">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cyrillic letter Dwe, a commonly cited example of both Cyrillization and a native Language's ability to influence its imposed Writing system"><img alt="The Cyrillic letter Dwe, a commonly cited example of both Cyrillization and a native Language's ability to influence its imposed Writing system" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/80px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/120px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/160px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3735" data-file-height="2205" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets#Summary_table" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Alphabet comparison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic" title="Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic">Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slavic_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic_languages" title="Template:Slavic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slavic_languages" title="Template talk:Slavic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slavic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slavic_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Slavic_languages" title="History of the Slavic languages">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Balto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Balto-Slavic language">Proto-Balto-Slavic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Proto-Slavic" title="History of Proto-Slavic">Up to Proto-Slavic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Proto-Slavic</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_accent" title="Proto-Slavic accent">Accent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Slavic_languages" title="History of the Slavic languages">Modern languages</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_speech" title="Simple speech">Simple speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Novgorod_dialect" title="Old Novgorod dialect">Old Novgorodian</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_language" title="Ruthenian language">Ruthenian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dialects" title="Russian dialects">dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Russian" title="Alaskan Russian">Alaskan Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobor_Russian" title="Doukhobor Russian">Doukhobor Russian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Rusyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dialects" title="Ukrainian dialects">dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Ukrainian" title="Canadian Ukrainian">Canadian Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_speech" title="Simple speech">Simple speech</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Slavic" title="Eastern South Slavic">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages#Transitional_South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">Transitional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Torlakian dialect">Torlakian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_South_Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western South Slavic">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carantanians#Language" title="Carantanians">Alpine Slavic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" title="Slavomolisano dialect">Slavomolisano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Czech%E2%80%93Slovak_languages" title="Czech–Slovak languages">Czech-Slovak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Czech_language" title="Biblical Czech language">Biblical Czech</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_language" title="Czechoslovak language">Czechoslovak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_dialects" title="Moravian dialects">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">White Croatian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese_Slovak" title="Camaldolese Slovak">Camaldolese Slovak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slovak_dialects" title="Eastern Slovak dialects">Eastern Slovak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn" title="Pannonian Rusyn">Pannonian Rusyn</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lechitic_languages" title="Lechitic languages">Lechitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>East Lechitic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masurian_dialects" title="Masurian dialects">Masurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish dialects">dialects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Polish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Polish language">Old Polish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Polish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Polish language">Middle Polish</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language">Silesian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lach_dialects" title="Lach dialects">Lach</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_language" title="Pomeranian language">Pomeranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincian_language" title="Slovincian language">Slovincian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lechitic_dialects" title="West Lechitic dialects">West Lechitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcho-Magdeburgian_dialect" title="Marcho-Magdeburgian dialect">Marcho-Magdeburgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polabian_language" title="Polabian language">Polabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_dialect" title="Rani dialect">Rani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schleifer_dialect" title="Schleifer dialect">Schleifer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_microlanguages" title="Slavic microlanguages">Microlanguages</a> <br />and dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Carpathian Rusyn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemkos#Language" title="Lemkos">Lemko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlachian_language" title="Podlachian language">Podlachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Polesian" title="West Polesian">West Polesian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect" title="Banat Bulgarian dialect">Banat Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakavian" title="Chakavian">Chakavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Croatian" title="Burgenland Croatian">Burgenland Croatian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomak_language" title="Pomak language">Pomak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurje_Slovene" title="Prekmurje Slovene">Prekmurje Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resian_dialect" title="Resian dialect">Resian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" title="Slavomolisano dialect">Slavomolisano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunjevac_dialect" title="Bunjevac dialect">Bunjevac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_dialects_of_Greece" title="Slavic dialects of Greece">Slavic dialects of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slovak_dialects" title="Eastern Slovak dialects">Eastern Slovak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn" title="Pannonian Rusyn">Pannonian Rusyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goral_ethnolect" title="Goral ethnolect">Goral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language">Silesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesian_dialect" title="Cieszyn Silesian dialect">Cieszyn Silesian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Balachka</a></li> <li><i>20th century <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Romani" title="Bohemian Romani">Bohemian Romani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyakhta_Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Pidgin" title="Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin">Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mednyj_Aleut_language" title="Mednyj Aleut language">Mednyj Aleut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponaschemu" title="Ponaschemu">Ponaschemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-Russian_macaronic_language" title="German-Russian macaronic language">Quelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Serbian_language" title="Romano-Serbian language">Romano-Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solombala_English" title="Solombala English">Solombala English</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taimyr_Pidgin_Russian" title="Taimyr Pidgin Russian">Taimyr Pidgin Russian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydnevi" title="Lydnevi">Lydnevi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Army_Slavic" title="Army Slavic">Army Slavic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slavonic-Serbian" title="Slavonic-Serbian">Slavonic-Serbian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_first_palatalization" title="Slavic first palatalization">Slavic first palatalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_second_palatalization" title="Slavic second palatalization">Slavic second palatalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_liquid_metathesis_and_pleophony" title="Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony">Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophthongization_of_diphthongs_in_Proto-Slavic" title="Monophthongization of diphthongs in Proto-Slavic">Monophthongization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dybo%27s_law" title="Dybo's law">Dybo's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havl%C3%ADk%27s_law" title="Havlík's law">Havlík's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirt%27s_law" title="Hirt's law">Hirt's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illi%C4%8D-Svity%C4%8D%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Illič-Svityč's law">Illič-Svityč's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iv%C5%A1i%C4%87%27s_law" title="Ivšić's law">Ivšić's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meillet%27s_law" title="Meillet's law">Meillet's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedersen%27s_law" title="Pedersen's law">Pedersen's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruki_sound_law" title="Ruki sound law">Ruki sound law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wijk%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Wijk's law">Van Wijk's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter%27s_law" title="Winter's law">Winter's law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Russia" title="Template:Languages of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Languages of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Languages of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State languages<br />of federal subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_language" title="Abaza language">Abaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_language" title="Aghul language">Aghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_languages" title="Altai languages">Altai</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargwa_language" title="Dargwa language">Dargwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_language" title="Ingush language">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Oirat" title="Kalmyk Oirat">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak_language" title="Lak language">Lak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgian_language" title="Lezgian language">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hill_Mari_language" title="Hill Mari language">Hill</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Mari_language" title="Meadow Mari language">Meadow</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_languages" title="Mordvinic languages">Mordvin</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Erzya_language" title="Erzya language">Erzya</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_language" title="Rutul language">Rutul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Yakut/Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_language" title="Tabasaran language">Tabasaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_language_(Caucasus)" title="Tat language (Caucasus)">Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_language" title="Tsakhur language">Tsakhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages with official status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_language" title="Even language">Even</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty_languages" title="Khanty languages">Khanty</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khanty_language" title="Northern Khanty language">Northern Khanty</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Khanty_language" title="Southern Khanty language">Southern Khanty</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Khanty_language" title="Eastern Khanty language">Eastern Khanty</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyak_language" title="Komi-Permyak language">Komi-Permyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansi language">Mansi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mansi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mansi language">Northern Mansi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Mansi_language" title="Western Mansi language">Western Mansi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mansi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Mansi language">Eastern Mansi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mansi_language" title="Southern Mansi language">Southern Mansi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_languages" title="Nenets languages">Nenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkup_language" title="Selkup language">Selkup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veps_language" title="Veps language">Veps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukaghir_languages" title="Yukaghir languages">Yukaghir</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tundra_Yukaghir_language" title="Tundra Yukaghir language">Northern Yukaghir</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yukaghir_language" title="Southern Yukaghir language">Southern Yukaghir</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyrillic</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic Braille">Cyrillic Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Buryat script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Kalmyk script</a></small>)<sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><sup>1</sup> In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. <sup>2</sup> For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Russia" title="Category:Languages of Russia">Languages of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_languages_of_Russia" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in languages of Russia">Wikipedia in languages of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_by_language_of_Russia" title="Category:Mass media by language of Russia">Mass media by language of Russia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_dialects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_dialects" title="Template:Russian dialects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_dialects" title="Template talk:Russian dialects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_dialects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian dialects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_dialects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_dialects" title="Russian dialects">Russian dialects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_dialects" title="Central Russian dialects">Central</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Lake_Peipus_dialect" title="Lake Peipus dialect">Lake Peipus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_dialect" title="Moscow dialect">Moscow</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Russian_dialects" title="Northern Russian dialects">Northern</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Siberian_dialects" title="Siberian dialects">Siberian</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russian_dialects" title="Southern Russian dialects">Southern</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Russian" title="Astrakhan Russian">Astrakhan</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryun_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Goryun language">Goryun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Kuban Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomor_dialects" title="Pomor dialects">Pomor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Russian" title="Alaskan Russian">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobor_Russian" title="Doukhobor Russian">Doukhobor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagestani_Russian" title="Dagestani Russian">Dagestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Belarus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Belarus" title="Template:Languages of Belarus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Belarus" title="Template talk:Languages of Belarus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Belarus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Belarus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Belarus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belarus" title="Languages of Belarus">Languages of Belarus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/64px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belarus" title="Portal:Belarus">Belarus portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_speech" title="Simple speech">Simple speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Polesian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="West Polesian dialect">West Polesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Romani" title="Baltic Romani">Baltic Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Kazakhstan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Template:Languages of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Template talk:Languages of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Kazakhstan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Languages of Kazakhstan">Languages of Kazakhstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template:Languages of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template talk:Languages of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Languages of Kyrgyzstan">Languages of Kyrgyzstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-mar" title="Koryo-mar">Koryo-mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyk_language" title="Sart Kalmyk language">Sart Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Israel" title="Template:Languages of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Languages of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Arabian_Arabic" title="Northwest Arabian Arabic">Bedouin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Israel" title="Russian language in Israel">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Israel#Other_spoken_languages" title="Languages of Israel">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Kaf_Bedouin_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Kaf Bedouin Sign Language (page does not exist)">Abu Kaf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Atrash_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Atrash Sign Language (page does not exist)">Al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid_Bedouin_Sign_Language" title="Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language">Al-Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_El-Naim_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab El-Naim Sign Language (page does not exist)">El-Naim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Mahel_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ein Mahel Sign Language (page does not exist)">Ein Mahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Ghardaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasem_Sign_Language" title="Kafr Qasem Sign Language">Kafr Qasem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic_Sign_Language" title="Levantine Arabic Sign Language">Levantine Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Jewish languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russia_topics" title="Template:Russia topics"><abbr title="View this 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li>Feudal Rus' <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">Expansion (1500–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Army of the Tsardom of Russia">Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian state">Russian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1991%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Russia (1991–present)">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_journalism" title="History of Russian journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet_in_Russia" title="History of the Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Judicial system of the Russian Empire">Judicial system of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_city_of_Russia" title="Historical city of Russia">Historical cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Russia" title="Borders of Russia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia" title="List of cities and towns in Russia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Russia" title="List of earthquakes in Russia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Russia" title="Environment of Russia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Environmental issues in Russia">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Russia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_Upland" title="Central Russian Upland">Central Russian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Russia" title="Northwest Russia">Northwest Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshchera_Lowlands" title="Meshchera Lowlands">Meshchera Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka%E2%80%93Don_Lowland" title="Oka–Don Lowland">Oka–Don Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Upland" title="Smolensk Upland">Smolensk Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" title="List of fjords of Russia">Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Russia" title="Geology of Russia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Russia" title="List of glaciers in Russia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Regions" title="Great Russian Regions">Great Russian Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_Russian_federal_subjects" title="List of highest points of Russian federal subjects">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Russia" title="List of islands of Russia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Russia" title="List of lakes of Russia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of Russia">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia" title="List of volcanoes in Russia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Russia" title="List of rivers of Russia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Russia" title="Protected areas of Russia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Russia" title="Wildlife of Russia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Far North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Russia" title="Capital punishment in Russia">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Civil Service of the Russian Federation">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_Russia" title="Classified information in Russia">Classified information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Russia" title="Criminal Code of Russia">Criminal code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia" title="Freedom of assembly in Russia">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apparatus_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Apparatus of the Government of Russia">Apparatus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Russia" title="Law of Russia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">Law enforcement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Russia" title="Prisons in Russia">Prisons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_Russia" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Russia" title="Political divisions of Russia">Political divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Russia" title="Martial law in Russia">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia" title="Media freedom in Russia">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Russia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Russia" title="State of emergency in Russia">State of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Russia" title="Civil defense in Russia">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue_in_Russia" title="Search and rescue in Russia">Search and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Russia" title="Urban planning in Russia">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_Russia" title="Mass surveillance in Russia">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism_in_Russia" title="Separatism in Russia">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_limits_in_Russia" title="Term limits in Russia">Term limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" title="Aircraft industry of Russia">Aircraft industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union">Droughts and famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">Defence industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_districts_in_Russia" title="Category:Financial districts in Russia">Financial districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" title="Gambling in Russia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" title="Mining industry of Russia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian oligarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Ruble <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" title="Science and technology in Russia">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_system_in_Russia" title="Social security system in Russia">Social security system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" title="Taxation in Russia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" title="List of trade unions in Russia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Russia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Russia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Russia" title="Category:Society of Russia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia" title="Abortion in Russia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Russia" title="Alcohol in Russia">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia" title="Anti-American sentiment in Russia">Anti-American sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Russia" title="Cannabis in Russia">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the Russian Federation">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of Russia">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia" title="Corruption in Russia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Russia" title="Crime in Russia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deafness_in_Russia" title="Deafness in Russia">Deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Russia" title="Domestic violence in Russia">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_Russia" title="Doping in Russia">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" title="Ethnic groups in Russia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_public_apologies_in_Russia" title="Forced public apologies in Russia">Forced public apologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerals_in_Russia" title="Funerals in Russia">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_Russia" title="Gun control in Russia">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Russia" title="Health in Russia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia" title="Healthcare in Russia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Russia" title="HIV/AIDS in Russia">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Russia" title="Mental health in Russia">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ rights in Russia">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Russia" title="Immigration to Russia">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Russia" title="Illegal immigration to Russia">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_Russia" title="Migrant workers in Russia">Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_life_expectancy" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphans_in_Russia" title="Orphans in Russia">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Russia" title="Polygamy in Russia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Russia" title="Prostitution in Russia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Russia" title="Scouting in Russia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_in_Russia" title="Sociology in Russia">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Russia" title="Smoking in Russia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Russia" title="Suicide in Russia">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Russia" title="Witch trials in Russia">Witch trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Russia" title="Women in Russia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_and_Soviet_military" title="Women in the Russian and Soviet military">in army</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Russia" title="Architecture of Russia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Russia" title="Armorial of Russia">Armorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Culture of the Russian Armed Forces">Army culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_weapons_of_Russia" title="Honorary weapons of Russia">Honorary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_artists" title="List of Russian artists">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wine" title="Russian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fairy_tale" title="Russian fairy tale">Fairy tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Russia" title="Category:Festivals in Russia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Russia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_forms_of_addressing" title="Russian forms of addressing">Forms of addressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Russia" title="Graffiti in Russia">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_heraldry" title="Russian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Russia" title="Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation" title="Timeline of Russian innovation">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Rus%CA%B9,_Russia_and_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Rusʹ, Russia and Ruthenia">Names of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_given_name" title="Russian given name">Russian given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Russia" title="National symbols of Russia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Russia" title="National anthem of Russia">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Russian_tsars" title="Regalia of the Russian tsars">Russian tsars regalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opera" title="Russian opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_philosophers" title="List of Russian philosophers">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_political_jokes" title="Russian political jokes">Political jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia" title="Public holidays in Russia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Russia" title="Television in Russia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Russia" title="Seven Wonders of Russia">Seven Wonders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Sports_Classification_System_of_Russia" title="Unified Sports Classification System of Russia">Unified Sports Classification System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">World Heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia" title="Category:Russia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_Union_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_Union_topics" title="Template:Soviet Union topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soviet_Union_topics" title="Template talk:Soviet Union topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet_Union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet Union topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_Union_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Soviet Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Soviet Union–related articles">Index of Soviet Union–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Creation_of_the_Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics">Creation treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Great Patriotic War</a> (World War II) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Evacuation in the Soviet Union">Evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="The Holocaust in the Soviet Union">The Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw" title="Khrushchev Thaw">Khrushchev Thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1965 Soviet economic reform">1965 economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Stagnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">Post-Soviet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia_for_the_Soviet_Union" title="Nostalgia for the Soviet Union">Nostalgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Geography of the Soviet Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Subdivisions of the Soviet Union">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Oblasts of the Soviet Union">Oblasts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">Closed city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politics of the Soviet Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Constitution of the Soviet Union">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1977</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Elections in the Soviet Union">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Foreign relations of the Soviet Union">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Gun control in the Soviet Union">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Government of the Soviet Union">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of governments of the Soviet Union">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Human rights in the Soviet Union">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_post-Soviet_states" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the post-Soviet states">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Law of the Soviet Union">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Capital punishment in the Soviet Union">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Leaders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collective leadership in the Soviet Union">Collective leadership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="National delimitation in the Soviet Union">National delimitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport_system_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Passport system in the Soviet Union">Passport system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiska_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Propiska in the Soviet Union">Propiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of political parties in the Soviet Union">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">State ideology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_anti-Zionism" title="Soviet anti-Zionism">Soviet anti-Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Presidium/Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Soviets_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union">Congress of Soviets</a> (1922–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet</a> (1938–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union">Congress of People's Deputies</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Court of the Soviet Union">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Collegium_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union">Military Collegium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Heads of state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union">Deputy Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Deputy_Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union">First Deputy Premier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Soviet_secret_police_agencies" title="Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies">Security services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Political_Directorate" title="State Political Directorate">GPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction battalions">Destruction battalions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya" title="Militsiya">Militsiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)">MGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_KGB" title="List of chairmen of the KGB">Chairmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops" title="Soviet Border Troops">Soviet Border Troops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz_GRU" title="Spetsnaz GRU">Spetsnaz GRU</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a>/<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Airborne_Forces" title="Soviet Airborne Forces">Soviet Airborne Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political repression in the Soviet Union">Political repression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Terror" title="Red Terror">Red Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Population transfer in the Soviet Union">Population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labor_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Forced labor in the Soviet Union">Forced labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gulag_camps" title="List of Gulag camps">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ideological_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideological repression in the Soviet Union">Ideological repression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repression_of_science_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Repression of science in the Soviet Union">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship in the Soviet Union">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_images_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship of images in the Soviet Union">Censorship of images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Economy of the Soviet Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Agriculture in the Soviet Union">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Energy policy of the Soviet Union">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Five-year plans of the Soviet Union">Five-year plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation#Soviet_Union" title="Timeline of Russian innovation">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_material_product" title="Net material product">Net material product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Science and technology in the Soviet Union">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_ruble" title="Soviet ruble">Rouble <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Transport in the Soviet Union">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_system_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Railway system of the Soviet Union">Railway system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Rail transport in the Soviet Union">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of metro systems in the Soviet Union">List of metro systems</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Science and technology in the Soviet Union">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Academy" title="Communist Academy">Communist Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cybernetics in the Soviet Union">Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences#In_the_Soviet_Union" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="USSR Academy of Medical Sciences">Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VASKhNIL" title="VASKhNIL">Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharashka" title="Sharashka">Sharashkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naukograd" title="Naukograd">Naukograds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naukograds" title="Category:Naukograds">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Society of the Soviet Union">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crime in the Soviet Union">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Demographics of the Soviet Union">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_people" title="Soviet people">Soviet people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_working_class" title="Soviet working class">Working class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_census" title="1989 Soviet census">1989 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Drug policy of the Soviet Union">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Family in the Soviet Union">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Languages of the Soviet Union">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistics of the Soviet Union">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillisation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cyrillisation in the Soviet Union">Cyrillisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Racism in the Soviet Union">Racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Culture of the Soviet Union">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion in the Soviet Union">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature#20th_century" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opera#20th_century" title="Russian opera">Opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_phraseology" title="Soviet phraseology">Phraseology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_media_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Printed media in the Soviet Union">Printed media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Propaganda in the Soviet Union">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Radio in the Soviet Union">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Television in the Soviet Union">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sovietism" title="Anti-Sovietism">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_dissidents" title="Soviet dissidents">Soviet dissidents</a> and their groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_opposition_groups" title="Category:Soviet opposition groups">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Anthem_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Anthem of the Soviet Union">Anthem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthems_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Anthems of the Soviet Republics">Republics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Emblem of the Soviet Union">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emblems_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Emblems of the Soviet Republics">Republics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Flags of the Soviet Republics">Republics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">Hammer and sickle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Languages of Serbia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language_in_Serbia" title="Romanian language in Serbia">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Rusyn language">Rusyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vlax_Romani_language" title="Vlax Romani language">Vlax Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kosovo&#124;link=Kosovo_Languages_of_Kosovo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Kosovo" title="Template:Languages of Kosovo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Kosovo" title="Template talk:Languages of Kosovo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Kosovo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Kosovo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kosovo&#124;link=Kosovo_Languages_of_Kosovo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kosovo">Languages of Kosovo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Albanian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Montenegro&#124;link=Montenegro_Languages_of_Montenegro" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Template:Languages of Montenegro"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Template talk:Languages of Montenegro"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Montenegro"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Montenegro&#124;link=Montenegro_Languages_of_Montenegro" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Languages of Montenegro">Languages of Montenegro</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See Also: <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Montenegro">Minority languages of Montenegro</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Bulgaria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Template:Languages of Bulgaria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Template talk:Languages of Bulgaria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Bulgaria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Bulgaria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Languages of Bulgaria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobrujan Tatar dialect">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Sign_Language" title="Bulgarian Sign Language">Bulgarian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_of_the_Bulgarian_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bulgarian_dialects" title="Template:Bulgarian dialects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bulgarian_dialects" title="Template talk:Bulgarian dialects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarian_dialects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarian dialects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dialects_of_the_Bulgarian_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dialects" title="Bulgarian dialects">Dialects</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bulgarian_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bulgarian dialects">Eastern</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Восточноболгарские говоры">ru</a>]</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Moesian_dialects" title="Moesian dialects">Moesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shumen_dialect" title="Shumen dialect">Shumen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Balkan_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan dialects">Balkan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Balkan_dialect" title="Central Balkan dialect">Central Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotel-Elena-Dryanovo_dialect" title="Kotel-Elena-Dryanovo dialect">Kotel-Elena-Dryanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagyurishte_dialect" title="Panagyurishte dialect">Panagyurishte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirdop_dialect" title="Pirdop dialect">Pirdop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teteven_dialect" title="Teteven dialect">Teteven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkech_dialect" title="Erkech dialect">Erkech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbalkan_dialect" title="Subbalkan dialect">Subbalkan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rup_dialects" title="Rup dialects">Rup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strandzha_dialect" title="Strandzha dialect">Strandzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_dialect" title="Thracian dialect">Thracian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolyan_dialect" title="Smolyan dialect">Smolyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomak_language" title="Pomak language">Pomak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvoyna_dialect" title="Hvoyna dialect">Hvoyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepino_dialect" title="Chepino dialect">Chepino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulician_dialect" title="Paulician dialect">Paulician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect" title="Banat Bulgarian dialect">Banat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlatograd_dialect" title="Zlatograd dialect">Zlatograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babyak_dialect" title="Babyak dialect">Babyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razlog_dialect" title="Razlog dialect">Razlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serres-Nevrokop_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Serres-Nevrokop dialect">Serres-Nevrokop</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Bulgarian_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Bulgarian dialects">Western</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Западноболгарские говоры">ru</a>]</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Bulgarian_dialects" title="Northwestern Bulgarian dialects">Northwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byala_Slatina-Pleven_dialect" title="Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect">Byala Slatina-Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin-Lom_dialect" title="Vidin-Lom dialect">Vidin-Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_dialect" title="Sofia dialect">Sofia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Bulgarian_dialects" title="Southwestern Bulgarian dialects">Southwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botevgrad_dialect" title="Botevgrad dialect">Botevgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratsa_dialect" title="Vratsa dialect">Vratsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihtiman_dialect" title="Ihtiman dialect">Ihtiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elin_Pelin_dialect" title="Elin Pelin dialect">Elin Pelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samokov_dialect" title="Samokov dialect">Samokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupnitsa_dialect" title="Dupnitsa dialect">Dupnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyustendil_dialect" title="Kyustendil dialect">Kyustendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleshevo-Pirin_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Maleshevo-Pirin dialect">Maleshevo-Pirin</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solun-Kukush_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Solun-Kukush dialect">Solun-Kukush</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Bulgarian_dialects" title="Transitional Bulgarian dialects">Transitional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tran_dialect" title="Tran dialect">Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breznik_dialect" title="Breznik dialect">Breznik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belogradchik_dialect" title="Belogradchik dialect">Belogradchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also considered a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bulgaria_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bulgaria_topics" title="Template:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bulgaria_topics" title="Template talk:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgaria_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bulgaria_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria" title="History of Bulgaria">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom" title="Odrysian kingdom">Odrysian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Tsardom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria_since_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bulgaria since 1990">Bulgaria since 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" title="Bulgarian Black Sea Coast">Black Sea coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bulgaria" title="List of cities and towns in Bulgaria">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Bulgaria" title="List of earthquakes in Bulgaria">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Bulgaria" title="List of islands of Bulgaria">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirin" title="Pirin">Pirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila" title="Rila">Rila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bulgaria" title="List of rivers of Bulgaria">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredna_Gora" title="Sredna Gora">Sredna Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Bulgaria" title="List of villages in Bulgaria">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bulgaria" title="Politics of Bulgaria">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bulgaria" title="Constitution of Bulgaria">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bulgaria" title="Government of Bulgaria">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bulgaria" title="Human rights in Bulgaria">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bulgaria">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bulgaria" title="Law of Bulgaria">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bulgaria" title="Law enforcement in Bulgaria">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_(Bulgaria)" title="Chief of the Defence (Bulgaria)">Chief of the Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Bulgaria" title="Chairperson of the National Assembly of Bulgaria">Chairperson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bulgaria" title="List of political parties in Bulgaria">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bulgaria" title="Economy of Bulgaria">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bulgaria" title="Agriculture in Bulgaria">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_about_the_economy_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics about the economy of Bulgaria">Economic statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bulgaria" title="Energy in Bulgaria">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Bulgaria" title="Industry of Bulgaria">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Lev <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Bank" title="Bulgarian National Bank">National bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Bulgaria" title="Science and technology in Bulgaria">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Stock_Exchange_%E2%80%93_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bulgaria" title="Tourism in Bulgaria">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bulgaria" title="Transport in Bulgaria">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bulgaria" title="Category:Society of Bulgaria">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bulgaria" title="Crime in Bulgaria">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bulgaria" title="Education in Bulgaria">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Bulgaria" title="Health in Bulgaria">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bulgaria" title="Demographics of Bulgaria">Demographics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bulgaria" title="Culture of Bulgaria">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Bulgaria" title="Mass media in Bulgaria">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria" title="Coat of arms of Bulgaria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_wine" title="Bulgarian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_customs" title="Bulgarian customs">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian dances">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_literature" title="Bulgarian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bulgaria" title="Public holidays in Bulgaria">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bulgaria" title="Sport in Bulgaria">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bulgaria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bulgaria" title="Outline of Bulgaria">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bulgaria" title="Category:Bulgaria">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=North_Macedonia&#124;link=North_Macedonia_Languages_of_North_Macedonia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_North_Macedonia" title="Template:Languages of North Macedonia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_North_Macedonia" title="Template talk:Languages of North Macedonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_North_Macedonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of North Macedonia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=North_Macedonia&#124;link=North_Macedonia_Languages_of_North_Macedonia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_North_Macedonia" title="Languages of North Macedonia">Languages of North Macedonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_of_Macedonian" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Macedonian_dialects" title="Template:Macedonian dialects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Macedonian_dialects" title="Template talk:Macedonian dialects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Macedonian_dialects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Macedonian dialects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dialects_of_Macedonian" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Macedonian" title="Dialects of Macedonian">Dialects of</a> <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonian_dialects" title="Western Macedonian dialects">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; line-height:1.3em;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prilep-Bitola_dialect" title="Prilep-Bitola dialect">Prilep-Bitola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo-Pore%C4%8De_dialect" title="Kičevo-Poreče dialect">Kičevo-Poreče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje-Veles_dialect" title="Skopje-Veles dialect">Skopje-Veles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; line-height:1.3em;">Western and<br />northwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gostivar_dialect" title="Gostivar dialect">Gostivar</a> (Upper Polog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debar_dialect" title="Debar dialect">Debar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drimkol-Golo_Brdo_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drimkol-Golo Brdo dialect (page does not exist)">Drimkol-Golo Brdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gali%C4%8Dnik_dialect" title="Galičnik dialect">Galičnik</a> (Small Reka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reka_dialect" title="Reka dialect">Reka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vev%C4%8Dani-Rado%C5%BEda_dialect" title="Vevčani-Radožda dialect">Vevčani-Radožda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struga_dialect" title="Struga dialect">Struga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_dialect" title="Ohrid dialect">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Prespa_dialect" title="Upper Prespa dialect">Upper Prespa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Prespa_dialect" title="Lower Prespa dialect">Lower Prespa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macedonian_Slavic_dialects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Macedonian_Slavic_dialects.png/200px-Macedonian_Slavic_dialects.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Macedonian_Slavic_dialects.png/300px-Macedonian_Slavic_dialects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Macedonian_Slavic_dialects.png/400px-Macedonian_Slavic_dialects.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Macedonian_dialects" title="Northern Macedonian dialects">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; line-height:1.3em;">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_dialect" title="Kumanovo dialect">Kumanovo</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kratovo_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kratovo dialect (page does not exist)">Kratovo</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriva_Palanka_dialect" title="Kriva Palanka dialect">Kriva Palanka</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ov%C4%8De_Pole_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovče Pole dialect (page does not exist)">Ovče Pole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; line-height:1.3em;">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora_dialect" title="Skopska Crna Gora dialect">Skopska Crna Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetovo_dialect" title="Tetovo dialect">Tetovo</a> (Lower Polog)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gora</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Macedonian_dialects" title="Southeastern Macedonian dialects">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; line-height:1.3em;">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tip-Ko%C4%8Dani_dialect" title="Štip-Kočani dialect">Štip-Kočani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strumica_dialect" title="Strumica dialect">Strumica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tikve%C5%A1-Mariovo_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tikveš-Mariovo dialect (page does not exist)">Tikveš-Mariovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male%C5%A1evo-Pirin_dialect" title="Maleševo-Pirin dialect">Maleševo-Pirin</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; line-height:1.3em;">Southeastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solun-Voden_dialect" title="Solun-Voden dialect">Solun-Voden</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop_dialect" title="Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect">Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestram-Kostenar_dialect" title="Nestram-Kostenar dialect">Nestram-Kostenar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostur_dialect" title="Kostur dialect">Kostur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kor%C4%8Da_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korča dialect (page does not exist)">Korča</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also considered a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>. <sup><small>2</small></sup> Considered to be a part of the transitional <a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Torlakian dialect">Torlak dialect</a> and as a subdialect of Bulgarian, Macedonian, and <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_Macedonia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Macedonia_topics" title="Template:North Macedonia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Macedonia_topics" title="Template talk:North Macedonia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Macedonia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Macedonia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_Macedonia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Macedonia" title="History of North Macedonia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Macedonia#Ancient_period" title="History of North Macedonia">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paeonia_(kingdom)" title="Paeonia (kingdom)">Paeonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagonia" title="Pelagonia">Pelagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Kingdom of Macedon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Macedonia" title="Upper Macedonia">Upper Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dardania" title="Kingdom of Dardania">Kingdom of Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Roman Province</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)#Macedonia_Secunda_or_Salutaris" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia Salutaris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Roman Diocese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Macedonia#Medieval_period" title="History of North Macedonia">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bulgarian Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_(theme)" title="Bulgaria (theme)">Theme of Bulgaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Prilep" title="Lordship of Prilep">Kingdom of Prilep</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="North Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karposh%27s_rebellion" title="Karposh's rebellion">Karposh's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilinden%E2%80%93Preobrazhenie_Uprising" title="Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising">Ilinden Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evo_Republic" title="Kruševo Republic">Kruševo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evo_Manifesto" title="Kruševo Manifesto">Kruševo Manifesto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Bulgarian occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Serbia_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="South Serbia (1919–1922)">South Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_Banovina" title="Vardar Banovina">Vardar Banovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">War in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Macedonia_(1944)" title="Independent Macedonia (1944)">Independent Macedonia (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Macedonia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia">Anti-Fascist Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(ASNOM)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Macedonia)" title="National Liberation Front (Macedonia)">National Liberation Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Greek_Civil_War" title="Refugees of the Greek Civil War">Refugees of the Greek Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Skopje_earthquake" title="1963 Skopje earthquake">1963 Skopje earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_Macedonia" title="2001 insurgency in Macedonia">2001 insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Agreement_(2001)" title="Ohrid Agreement (2001)">Ohrid Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republic_of_Macedonia_inter-ethnic_violence" title="2012 Republic of Macedonia inter-ethnic violence">2012 inter-ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Macedonian_government_building_attack" title="2014 Macedonian government building attack">2014 Macedonian government building attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kumanovo_clashes" title="2015 Kumanovo clashes">2015 Kumanovo clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Macedonian_protests" title="2015 Macedonian protests">2015 Macedonian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Macedonian_protests" title="2016 Macedonian protests">2016 Macedonian protests-Colorful Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_storming_of_the_Macedonian_Parliament" title="2017 storming of the Macedonian Parliament">2017 storming of the Macedonian Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prespa_Agreement" title="Prespa Agreement">2018 Prespa agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Macedonia_protests" title="2022 North Macedonia protests">2022 North Macedonia protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Macedonia" title="Geography of North Macedonia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of cities in North Macedonia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_North_Macedonia" title="Environmental issues in North Macedonia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_North_Macedonia" title="Geology of North Macedonia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#North_Macedonia" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of mountains in North Macedonia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_North_Macedonia" title="List of rivers of North Macedonia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_North_Macedonia" title="Wildlife of North Macedonia">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Politics of North Macedonia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Macedonia" title="Constitution of North Macedonia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Macedonia" title="Elections in North Macedonia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of political parties in North Macedonia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_North_Macedonia" title="President of North Macedonia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Macedonia" title="Administrative divisions of North Macedonia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_North_Macedonia" title="Municipalities of North Macedonia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_regions_of_North_Macedonia" title="Statistical regions of North Macedonia">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Macedonia" title="Foreign relations of North Macedonia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Macedonia" title="Human rights in North Macedonia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in North Macedonia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_North_Macedonia" title="Police of North Macedonia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Naming dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Macedonia" title="Economy of North Macedonia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Macedonia" title="Agriculture in North Macedonia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_North_Macedonia" title="National Bank of North Macedonia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_denar" title="Macedonian denar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of power stations in North Macedonia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Stock_Exchange" title="Macedonian Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Macedonia" title="Telecommunications in North Macedonia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Tourism in North Macedonia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_North_Macedonia" title="Transport in North Macedonia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_North_Macedonia" title="Category:Society of North Macedonia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Macedonia" title="Education in North Macedonia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanians in North Macedonia">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_North_Macedonia" title="Health in North Macedonia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_North_Macedonia" title="Languages of North Macedonia">Languages</a></li> <li><a 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embroidery">Embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Macedonia" title="Flag of North Macedonia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_North_Macedonia" title="Mass media in North Macedonia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia" title="Music of North Macedonia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Slavic_mythology" title="Macedonian Slavic mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_North_Macedonia" title="National emblem of North Macedonia">National emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_North_Macedonia" title="National symbols of North Macedonia">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_North_Macedonia" title="Public holidays in North Macedonia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of radio stations in North Macedonia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_North_Macedonia" title="Television in North Macedonia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North Macedonia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_North_Macedonia" title="Outline of North Macedonia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:North_Macedonia" title="Category:North Macedonia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Macedonia" title="Portal:North Macedonia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8209#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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