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retention</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: skin retention"> <meta name="keywords" content="skin retention"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="skin retention"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1870</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: skin retention</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1870</span> Conjugated Chitosan-Carboxymethyl-5-Fluorouracil Nanoparticles for Skin Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazita%20Mohd%20Diah">Mazita Mohd Diah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20V.%20Dolzhenko"> Anton V. Dolzhenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tin%20Wui%20Wong"> Tin Wui Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanoparticles, being small with a large specific surface area, increase solubility, enhance bioavailability, improve controlled release and enable precision targeting of the entrapped compounds. In this study, chitosan as polymeric permeation enhancer was conjugated to a polar pro-drug, carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil (CMFU) to increase the skin drug permeation. Chitosan-CMFU conjugate was synthesized using chemical conjugation process through succinate linker. It was then transformed into nanoparticles via spray drying method. The conjugation was elucidated using Fourier Transform Infrared and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques. The nanoparticle size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug content, skin permeation and retention profiles were characterized. The conjugation was denoted using 1H NMR by new peaks at signal δ = 4.184 ppm (singlet, 2H for CH2) and 7.676-7.688 ppm (doublet, 1H for C6) attributed to CMFU in chitosan-CMFU NMR spectrum. The nanoparticles had profiles of particle size: 93.97 ±35.11 nm, polydispersity index: 0.40 ± 0.14, zeta potential: +18.25 ±2.95 mV and drug content: 6.20 ± 1.98 % w/w. Almost 80 % w/w CMFU in the form of nanoparticles permeated through the skin in 24 hours and close to 50 % w/w permeation occurred in first 1-2 hours. Without conjugation to chitosan and nanoparticulation, less than 40 % w/w CMFU permeated through the skin in 24 hours. The skin drug retention likewise was higher with chitosan-CMFU nanoparticles (15.34 ± 5.82 % w/w) than CMFU (2.24 ± 0.57 % w/w). CMFU, through conjugation with chitosan permeation enhancer and processed in nanogeometry, had its skin permeation and retention degree promoted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil" title="carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil">carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate" title=" conjugate"> conjugate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20permeation" title=" skin permeation"> skin permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20retention" title=" skin retention"> skin retention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43464/conjugated-chitosan-carboxymethyl-5-fluorouracil-nanoparticles-for-skin-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1869</span> Presenting the Mathematical Model to Determine Retention in the Watersheds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shamohammadi">S. Shamohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Razavi"> L. Razavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper based on the principle concepts of SCS-CN model, a new mathematical model for computation of retention potential (S) presented. In the mathematical model, not only precipitation-runoff concepts in SCS-CN model are precisely represented in a mathematical form, but also new concepts, called “maximum retention” and “total retention” is introduced, and concepts of potential retention capacity, maximum retention, and total retention have been separated from each other. In the proposed model, actual retention (F), maximum actual retention (Fmax), total retention (S), maximum retention (Smax), and potential retention (Sp), for the first time clearly defined, so that Sp is not variable, but a function of morphological characteristics of the watershed. Indeed, based on the mathematical relation of the conceptual curve of SCS-CN model, the proposed model provides a new method for the computation of actual retention in watershed and it simply determined runoff based on. In the corresponding relations, in addition to Precipitation (P), Initial retention (Ia), cumulative values of actual retention capacity (F), total retention (S), runoff (Q), antecedent moisture (M), potential retention (Sp), total retention (S), we introduced Fmax and Fmin referring to maximum and minimum actual retention, respectively. As well as, ksh is a coefficient which depends on morphological characteristics of the watershed. Advantages of the modified version versus the original model include a better precision, higher performance, easier calibration and speed computing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title="model">model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical" title=" mathematical"> mathematical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention" title=" retention"> retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed" title=" watershed"> watershed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCS" title=" SCS"> SCS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45992/presenting-the-mathematical-model-to-determine-retention-in-the-watersheds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1868</span> Development and Characterization of Topical 5-Fluorouracil Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Effective Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Kumar">Sudhir Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sinha"> V. R. Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The topical and systemic toxicity associated with present nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment therapy using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) make it necessary to develop a novel delivery system having lesser toxicity and better control over drug release. Solid lipid nanoparticles offer many advantages like: controlled and localized release of entrapped actives, nontoxicity, and better tolerance. Aim:-To investigate safety and efficacy of 5-FU loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as a topical delivery system for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Method: Topical solid lipid nanoparticles of 5-FU were prepared using Compritol 888 ATO (Glyceryl behenate) as lipid component and pluronic F68 (Poloxamer 188), Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80), Tyloxapol (4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl) phenol polymer with formaldehyde and oxirane) as surfactants. The SLNs were prepared with emulsification method. Different formulation parameters viz. type and ratio of surfactant, ratio of lipid and ratio of surfactant:lipid were investigated on particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. Results: Characterization of SLNs like–Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Differential Scannig calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size determination, Polydispersity index, Entrapment efficiency, Drug loading, ex vivo skin permeation and skin retention studies, skin irritation and histopathology studies were performed. TEM results showed that shape of SLNs was spherical with size range 200-500nm. Higher encapsulation efficiency was obtained for batches having higher concentration of surfactant and lipid. It was found maximum 64.3% for SLN-6 batch with size of 400.1±9.22 nm and PDI 0.221±0.031. Optimized SLN batches and marketed 5-FU cream were compared for flux across rat skin and skin drug retention. The lesser flux and higher skin retention was obtained for SLN formulation in comparison to topical 5-FU cream, which ensures less systemic toxicity and better control of drug release across skin. Chronic skin irritation studies lacks serious erythema or inflammation and histopathology studies showed no significant change in physiology of epidermal layers of rat skin. So, these studies suggest that the optimized SLN formulation is efficient then marketed cream and safer for long term NMSC treatment regimens. Conclusion: Topical and systemic toxicity associated with long-term use of 5-FU, in the treatment of NMSC, can be minimized with its controlled release with significant drug retention with minimal flux across skin. The study may provide a better alternate for effective NMSC treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-FU" title="5-FU">5-FU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20formulation" title=" topical formulation"> topical formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title=" solid lipid nanoparticles"> solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20melanoma%20skin%20cancer" title=" non melanoma skin cancer"> non melanoma skin cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20727/development-and-characterization-of-topical-5-fluorouracil-solid-lipid-nanoparticles-for-the-effective-treatment-of-non-melanoma-skin-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1867</span> Formulation and Optimization of Topical 5-Fluorouracil Microemulsions Using Central Compisite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Kumar">Sudhir Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sinha"> V. R. Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water in oil topical microemulsions of 5-FU were developed and optimized using face centered central composite design. Topical w/o microemulsion of 5-FU were prepared using sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), with different oils such as oleic acid (OA), triacetin (TA), and isopropyl myristate (IPM). The ternary phase diagrams designated the microemulsion region and face centered central composite design helped in determining the effects of selected variables viz. type of oil, smix ratio and water concentration on responses like drug content, globule size and viscosity of microemulsions. The CCD design exhibited that the factors have statistically significant effects (p<0.01) on the selected responses. The actual responses showed excellent agreement with the predicted values as suggested by the CCD with lower residual standard error. Similarly, the optimized values were found within the range as predicted by the model. Furthermore, other characteristics of microemulsions like pH, conductivity were investigated. For the optimized microemulsion batch, ex-vivo skin flux, skin irritation and retention studies were performed and compared with marketed 5-FU formulation. In ex vivo skin permeation studies, higher skin retention of drug and minimal flux was achieved for optimized microemulsion batch then the marketed cream. Results confirmed the actual responses to be in agreement with predicted ones with least residual standard errors. Controlled release of drug was achieved for the optimized batch with higher skin retention of 5-FU, which can further be utilized for the treatment of many dermatological disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-FU" title="5-FU">5-FU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design" title=" central composite design"> central composite design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microemulsion" title=" microemulsion"> microemulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternanry%20phase%20diagram" title=" ternanry phase diagram"> ternanry phase diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20855/formulation-and-optimization-of-topical-5-fluorouracil-microemulsions-using-central-compisite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1866</span> Improved Skin Detection Using Colour Space and Texture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medjram%20Sofiane">Medjram Sofiane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babahenini%20Mohamed%20Chaouki"> Babahenini Mohamed Chaouki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Benali%20Yamina"> Mohamed Benali Yamina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skin detection is an important task for computer vision systems. A good method for skin detection means a good and successful result of the system. The colour is a good descriptor that allows us to detect skin colour in the images, but because of lightings effects and objects that have a similar colour skin, skin detection becomes difficult. In this paper, we proposed a method using the YCbCr colour space for skin detection and lighting effects elimination, then we use the information of texture to eliminate the false regions detected by the YCbCr colour skin model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20detection" title="skin detection">skin detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YCbCr" title=" YCbCr"> YCbCr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLCM" title=" GLCM"> GLCM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20skin" title=" human skin"> human skin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19039/improved-skin-detection-using-colour-space-and-texture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1865</span> Analysis of Tactile Perception of Textiles by Fingertip Skin Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izabela%20L.%20Ciesielska-Wr%CF%8Cbel">Izabela L. Ciesielska-Wrόbel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents finite element models of the fingertip skin which have been created to simulate the contact of textile objects with the skin to gain a better understanding of the perception of textiles through the skin, so-called Hand of Textiles (HoT). Many objective and subjective techniques have been developed to analyze HoT, however none of them provide exact overall information concerning the sensation of textiles through the skin. As the human skin is a complex heterogeneous hyperelastic body composed of many particles, some simplifications had to be made at the stage of building the models. The same concerns models of woven structures, however their utilitarian value was maintained. The models reflect only friction between skin and woven textiles, deformation of the skin and fabrics when “touching” textiles and heat transfer from the surface of the skin into direction of textiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingertip%20skin%20models" title="fingertip skin models">fingertip skin models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20models" title=" finite element models"> finite element models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling%20of%20textiles" title=" modelling of textiles"> modelling of textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensation%20of%20textiles%20through%20the%20skin" title=" sensation of textiles through the skin"> sensation of textiles through the skin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26064/analysis-of-tactile-perception-of-textiles-by-fingertip-skin-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1864</span> Penetration Depth Study of Linear Siloxanes through Human Skin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Szymkowska">K. Szymkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mojsiewicz-%20Pie%C5%84kowska"> K. Mojsiewicz- Pieńkowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Siloxanes are a common ingredients in medicinal products used on the skin, as well as cosmetics. It is widely believed that the silicones are not capable of overcoming the skin barrier. The aim of the study was to verify the possibility of penetration and permeation of linear siloxanes through human skin and determine depth penetration limit of these compounds. Based on the results it was found that human skin is not a barrier for linear siloxanes. PDMS 50 cSt was not identified in the dermis suggests that this molecular size of silicones (3780Da) is safe when it is used in the skin formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20siloxanes" title="linear siloxanes">linear siloxanes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20siloxanes" title=" methyl siloxanes"> methyl siloxanes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20penetration" title=" skin penetration"> skin penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20permeation" title=" skin permeation"> skin permeation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47996/penetration-depth-study-of-linear-siloxanes-through-human-skin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1863</span> Skin Care through Ayurveda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20L.%20Virupaksha%20Gupta">K. L. Virupaksha Gupta </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ayurveda offers a holistic outlook regarding skin care. Most Initial step in Ayurveda is to identify the skin type and care accordingly which is highly personalized. Though dermatologically there are various skin type classifications such Baumann skin types (based on 4 parameters i) Oily Vs Dry ii) Sensitive Vs Resistant iii) Pigmented Vs Non-Pigmented iv) Wrinkled Vs Tight (Unwrinkled) etc but Skin typing in Ayurveda is mainly determined by the prakriti (constitution) of the individual as well as the status of Doshas (Humors) which are basically of 3 types – i.e Vata Pitta and Kapha,. Difference between them is mainly attributed to the qualities of each dosha (humor). All the above said skin types can be incorporated under these three types. The skin care modalities in each of the constitution vary greatly. Skin of an individual of Vata constitution would be lustreless, having rough texture and cracks due to dryness and thus should be given warm and unctuous therapies and oil massage for lubrication and natural moisturizers for hydration. Skin of an individual of Pitta constitution would look more vascular (pinkish), delicate and sensitive with a fair complexion, unctuous and tendency for wrinkles and greying of hair at an early age and hence should be given cooling and nurturing therapies and should avoid tanning treatments. Skin of an individual of kapha constitution will have oily skin, they are delicate and look beautiful and radiant and hence these individuals would require therapies to mainly combat oily skin. Hence, the skin typing and skin care in Ayurveda is highly rational and scientific. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatology" title=" dermatology"> dermatology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dosha" title=" Dosha"> Dosha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20types" title=" skin types"> skin types</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19790/skin-care-through-ayurveda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1862</span> Use of Segmentation and Color Adjustment for Skin Tone Classification in Dermatological Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Duarte">Fernando Duarte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work aims to evaluate the use of classical image processing methodologies towards skin tone classification in dermatological images. The skin tone is an important attribute when considering several factor for skin cancer diagnosis. Currently, there is a lack of clear methodologies to classify the skin tone based only on the dermatological image. In this work, a recent released dataset with the label for skin tone was used as reference for the evaluation of classical methodologies for segmentation and adjustment of color space for classification of skin tone in dermatological images. It was noticed that even though the classical methodologies can work fine for segmentation and color adjustment, classifying the skin tone without proper control of the aquisition of the sample images ended being very unreliable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title="segmentation">segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20space" title=" color space"> color space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20tone" title=" skin tone"> skin tone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitzpatrick" title=" Fitzpatrick"> Fitzpatrick</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188975/use-of-segmentation-and-color-adjustment-for-skin-tone-classification-in-dermatological-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1861</span> Towards Integrating Statistical Color Features for Human Skin Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Zamri%20Osman">Mohd Zamri Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Aizaini%20Maarof"> Mohd Aizaini Maarof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Foad%20Rohani"> Mohd Foad Rohani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human skin detection recognized as the primary step in most of the applications such as face detection, illicit image filtering, hand recognition and video surveillance. The performance of any skin detection applications greatly relies on the two components: feature extraction and classification method. Skin color is the most vital information used for skin detection purpose. However, color feature alone sometimes could not handle images with having same color distribution with skin color. A color feature of pixel-based does not eliminate the skin-like color due to the intensity of skin and skin-like color fall under the same distribution. Hence, the statistical color analysis will be exploited such mean and standard deviation as an additional feature to increase the reliability of skin detector. In this paper, we studied the effectiveness of statistical color feature for human skin detection. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the integrated color and texture using eight classifiers with three color spaces of RGB, YCbCr, and HSV. The experimental results show that the integrating statistical feature using Random Forest classifier achieved a significant performance with an F1-score 0.969. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20space" title="color space">color space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20detection" title=" skin detection"> skin detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20feature" title=" statistical feature"> statistical feature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43485/towards-integrating-statistical-color-features-for-human-skin-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1860</span> Effect of Drop Impact Behavior on Spray Retention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassina%20Hafida%20Boukhalfa">Hassina Hafida Boukhalfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathieu%20Massinon"> Mathieu Massinon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9deric%20Lebeau"> Fréderic Lebeau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Belhamra"> Mohamed Belhamra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drop behaviour during impact affects retention. The increase of adhesion is usually seen as the objective when applying crop protection products, while bouncing and shattering are seen as detrimental to spray retention. However, observation of drop impacts using high speed shadow graphy shows that fragmentation can occur in Wenzel wetting regime. In this case, a part of the drop sticks on the surface, what contributes to retention. Using simultaneous measurements of drop impacts with high speed imaging and of retention with fluorometry for 3 spray mixtures on excised barley leaves allowed us to observe that about 50% of the drops fragmented in Wenzel state remain on the leaf. Depending on spray mixture, these impact outcomes accounted for 25 to 50% of retention, the higher contribution being correlated with bigger VMD (Volume Median Diameter). This contribution is non-negligible and should be considered when a modelling of spray retention process is performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drop%20impact" title="drop impact">drop impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention" title=" retention"> retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorometry" title=" fluorometry"> fluorometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20imaging" title=" high speed imaging"> high speed imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47237/effect-of-drop-impact-behavior-on-spray-retention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1859</span> Fabrication of Optical Tissue Phantoms Simulating Human Skin and Their Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihoon%20Park">Jihoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungkon%20Yu"> Sungkon Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungjo%20Jung"> Byungjo Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although various optical tissue phantoms (OTPs) simulating human skin have been actively studied, their completeness is unclear because skin tissue has the intricate optical property and complicated structure disturbing the optical simulation. In this study, we designed multilayer OTP mimicking skin structure, and fabricated OTP models simulating skin-blood vessel and skin pigmentation in the skin, which are useful in Biomedical optics filed. The OTPs were characterized with the optical property and the cross-sectional structure, and analyzed by using various optical tools such as a laser speckle imaging system, OCT and a digital microscope to show the practicality. The measured optical property was within 5% error, and the thickness of each layer was uniform within 10% error in micrometer scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20vessel" title="blood vessel">blood vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20tissue%20phantom" title=" optical tissue phantom"> optical tissue phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20property" title=" optical property"> optical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20tissue" title=" skin tissue"> skin tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigmentation" title=" pigmentation"> pigmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389/fabrication-of-optical-tissue-phantoms-simulating-human-skin-and-their-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1858</span> Classification of Red, Green and Blue Values from Face Images Using k-NN Classifier to Predict the Skin or Non-Skin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Polat">Kemal Polat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, it has been estimated whether there is skin by using RBG values obtained from the camera and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier. The dataset used in this study has an unbalanced distribution and a linearly non-separable structure. This problem can also be called a big data problem. The Skin dataset was taken from UCI machine learning repository. As the classifier, we have used the k-NN method to handle this big data problem. For k value of k-NN classifier, we have used as 1. To train and test the k-NN classifier, 50-50% training-testing partition has been used. As the performance metrics, TP rate, FP Rate, Precision, recall, f-measure and AUC values have been used to evaluate the performance of k-NN classifier. These obtained results are as follows: 0.999, 0.001, 0.999, 0.999, 0.999, and 1,00. As can be seen from the obtained results, this proposed method could be used to predict whether the image is skin or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-NN%20classifier" title="k-NN classifier">k-NN classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20or%20non-skin%20classification" title=" skin or non-skin classification"> skin or non-skin classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGB%20values" title=" RGB values"> RGB values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86538/classification-of-red-green-and-blue-values-from-face-images-using-k-nn-classifier-to-predict-the-skin-or-non-skin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1857</span> The Effect of Skin to Skin Contact Immediately to Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy after Cesarean Section</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Triana">D. Triana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20N.%20Rachmawati"> I. N. Rachmawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sabri"> L. Sabri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy is positively associated with increased duration of breastfeeding in different cultures and age groups. This study aims to determine the effect of skin-to-skin contact immediately after the cesarean section on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. The research design is Posttest quasi-experimental research design only with control groups involving 52 women with consecutive sampling in Langsa-Aceh. The data collected through breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. The results of Independent t-test showed a significant difference in the mean values of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy in the intervention group and the control group (59.00 ± 6.54; 49.62 ± 7.78; p= 0.001). Skin to skin contact is proven to affect the maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy after cesarean section significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breastfeeding%20self-efficacy" title="breastfeeding self-efficacy">breastfeeding self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesarean%20section" title=" cesarean section"> cesarean section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20to%20skin%20contact" title=" skin to skin contact"> skin to skin contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immediately" title=" immediately"> immediately</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32533/the-effect-of-skin-to-skin-contact-immediately-to-maternal-breastfeeding-self-efficacy-after-cesarean-section" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1856</span> A Convolutional Deep Neural Network Approach for Skin Cancer Detection Using Skin Lesion Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firas%20Gerges">Firas Gerges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Y.%20Shih"> Frank Y. Shih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malignant melanoma, known simply as melanoma, is a type of skin cancer that appears as a mole on the skin. It is critical to detect this cancer at an early stage because it can spread across the body and may lead to the patient's death. When detected early, melanoma is curable. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model (convolutional neural networks) in order to automatically classify skin lesion images as malignant or benign. Images underwent certain pre-processing steps to diminish the effect of the normal skin region on the model. The result of the proposed model showed a significant improvement over previous work, achieving an accuracy of 97%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20cancer" title=" skin cancer"> skin cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melanoma" title=" melanoma"> melanoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134720/a-convolutional-deep-neural-network-approach-for-skin-cancer-detection-using-skin-lesion-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1855</span> Quality Rabbit Skin Gelatin with Acetic Acid Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wehandaka%20Pancapalaga">Wehandaka Pancapalaga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to analyze the water content, yield, fat content, protein content, viscosity, gel strength, pH, melting and organoleptic rabbit skin gelatin with acetic acid extraction levels are different. The materials used in this study were Rex rabbit skin male. Treatments that P1 = the extraction of acetic acid 2% (v / v); P2 = the extraction of acetic acid 3% (v / v); P3 = the extraction of acetic acid 4 % (v / v). P5 = the extraction of acetic acid 5% (v / v). The results showed that the greater the concentration of acetic acid as the extraction of rabbit skin can reduce the water content and fat content of rabbit skin gelatin but increase the protein content, viscosity, pH, gel strength, yield and melting point rabbit skin gelatin. texture, color and smell of gelatin rabbits there were no differences with cow skin gelatin. The results showed that the quality of rabbit skin gelatin accordance Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Conclusion 5% acetic acid extraction produces the best quality gelatin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title="gelatin">gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20rabbit" title=" skin rabbit"> skin rabbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetic%20acid%20extraction" title=" acetic acid extraction"> acetic acid extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61347/quality-rabbit-skin-gelatin-with-acetic-acid-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1854</span> Transparent Photovoltaic Skin for Artificial Thermoreceptor and Nociceptor Memory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Bhatnagar">Priyanka Bhatnagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malkeshkumar%20Patel"> Malkeshkumar Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joondong%20Kim"> Joondong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joonpyo%20Hong"> Joonpyo Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial skin and sensory memory platforms are produced using a flexible, transparent photovoltaic (TPV) device. The TPV device is composed of a metal oxide heterojunction (nZnO/p-NiO) and transmits visible light (> 50%) while producing substantial electric power (0.5 V and 200 μA cm-2 ). This TPV device is a transparent energy interface that can be used to detect signals and propagate information without an external energy supply. The TPV artificial skin offers a temperature detection range (0 C75 C) that is wider than that of natural skin (5 C48 °C) due to the temperature-sensitive pyrocurrent from the ZnO layer. Moreover, the TPV thermoreceptor offers sensory memory of extreme thermal stimuli. Much like natural skin, artificial skin uses the nociceptor mechanism to protect tissue from harmful damage via signal amplification (hyperalgesia) and early adaption (allodynia). This demonstrates the many features of TPV artificial skin, which can sense and transmit signals and memorize information under self-operation mode. This transparent photovoltaic skin can provide sustainable energy for use in human electronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent" title="transparent">transparent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaics" title=" photovoltaics"> photovoltaics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20memory" title=" thermal memory"> thermal memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20skin" title=" artificial skin"> artificial skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoreceptor" title=" thermoreceptor"> thermoreceptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149259/transparent-photovoltaic-skin-for-artificial-thermoreceptor-and-nociceptor-memory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1853</span> Dermatological Study on Risk Factors for Pruritic Skin: Skin Properties of Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dianis%20Wulan%20Sari">Dianis Wulan Sari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeo%20Minematsu"> Takeo Minematsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikako%20Yoshida"> Mikako Yoshida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiromi%20Sanada"> Hiromi Sanada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Pruritus is diagnosed as itching without macroscopic abnormalities on skin. It is the most skin complaint of elderly people. In the present study, we conducted a dermatological study to examine the risk factors of pruritic skin and predicted how to prevent pruritus especially in the elderly population. Pruritus is caused several types of inflammation, including epidermal innate immunity based on keratinocyte responses and acquired immunity regulated by type 1 or 2 helper T (Th) cells. The triggers of pruritus differ among inflammation types, therefore we did separately assess the pruritus-associated factors of each inflammation type in an effort to contribute to the identification of intervention targets for preventing pruritus. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors related with actual condition of pruritic skin by examine the skin properties. Method: This study was conducted in elderly population of Indonesian nursing home. Basic characteristics and behaviors were obtained by interview. The properties of pruritic skin were collected by examination of skin biomarker using skin blotting as novel method of non-invasive skin assessment method and examination of skin barrier function using stratum corneum hydration and skin pH. Result: The average age of participants was 74 years with independent status was 66.8%. Age (β = -0.130, p = 0.044), cumulative lifetime sun exposure (β = 0.145, p = 0.026), bathing duration (β = 0.151, p = 0.022), clothing change frequency (β = 0.135, p = 0.029), and clothing type (β = -0.139, p = 0.021) were risk factors of pruritic skin in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Risk factors of pruritic skin in elderly population were caused by internal factors such as skin senescence and external factors such as sun exposure, hygiene care and skin care behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title="aging">aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene%20care" title=" hygiene care"> hygiene care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pruritus" title=" pruritus"> pruritus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20care" title=" skin care"> skin care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20exposure" title=" sun exposure"> sun exposure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77905/dermatological-study-on-risk-factors-for-pruritic-skin-skin-properties-of-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1852</span> Skin Diseases in the Rural Areas in Nepal; Impact on Quality of Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwarika%20P.%20Shrestha">Dwarika P. Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipendra%20Gurung"> Dipendra Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rushma%20Shrestha"> Rushma Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inger%20Rosdahl"> Inger Rosdahl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Skin diseases are one of the most common health problems in Nepal. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of skin diseases and impact on quality of life in rural areas in Nepal. Materials and methods: A house-to-house survey was conducted, to obtain socio-demographic data and identify individuals with skin diseases, followed by health camps, where the villagers were examined. A pilot study was conducted in one village, which was then extended to 10 villages in 4 districts. To assess the impact on quality of life, the villagers were interviewed with Skin Disease Disability Index. This is a questionnaire developed and validated by the authors for use in Nepal. Results: In the pilot study, the overall prevalence of skin diseases was 20.1% (645/3207). In the additional 10 villages with 7348 (3651/3787 m/f) inhabitants, 1862 (721/1141 m/f, mean age 31.4 years) had one or more skin diseases. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 25%. The most common skin disease categories were eczemas (13.7%, percentage among all inhabitants) pigment disorders (6.8%), fungal infections (4.9%), nevi (3.7%) and urticaria (2.9%). These five most common skin disease categories comprise 71% of all skin diseases seen in the study. The mean skin disease disability index score was 13.7, indicating very large impact on the quality of life. Conclusions: This population-based study shows that skin diseases are very common in the rural areas of Nepal and have significant impact on quality of life. Targeted intervention at the primary health care level should help to reduce the health burden due to skin diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence%20and%20pattern%20of%20skin%20diseases" title="prevalence and pattern of skin diseases">prevalence and pattern of skin diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20on%20quality%20of%20life" title=" impact on quality of life"> impact on quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20Nepal" title=" rural Nepal"> rural Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventions" title=" interventions"> interventions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36188/skin-diseases-in-the-rural-areas-in-nepal-impact-on-quality-of-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1851</span> A Review of the Literature on Factors Impacting Women’s Retention in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria and Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josephine%20O.%20Okocha">Josephine O. Okocha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeanyi%20Adigwe"> Ifeanyi Adigwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to examine the factors impacting women's retention in STEM in Nigeria and Georgia. In a bid to come up with strategies to enhance women’s participation in STEM, this study identifies and juxtaposes the factors impacting the retention of women in STEM and how they vary from one country to another are discussed. This study adopted the literature review method to perform the critical analysis. A total of 76 papers were retrieved from the Scopus database and were published between 2018 and 2023. Only 12 papers met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The findings reveal that the factors impacting women’s retention in STEM include funding (NGOs and government agencies), scholarship, specialized recruitment, mentoring, the establishment of women-only higher institutions, creating a balanced work and family environment, combating stereotypes, and enabling policies and laws. The paper highlights some key recommendations to help improve the retention of women in STEM in Africa and Nigeria in particular. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title="STEM">STEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention" title=" retention"> retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career" title=" career"> career</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgia" title=" Georgia"> Georgia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%E2%80%99s%20retention" title=" women’s retention"> women’s retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20representation" title=" women representation"> women representation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167622/a-review-of-the-literature-on-factors-impacting-womens-retention-in-science-technology-engineering-mathematics-a-critical-analysis-of-nigeria-and-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1850</span> A Survey of Skin Cancer Detection and Classification from Skin Lesion Images Using Deep Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20George">Joseph George</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Kotteswara%20Roa"> Anne Kotteswara Roa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skin disease is one of the most common and popular kinds of health issues faced by people nowadays. Skin cancer (SC) is one among them, and its detection relies on the skin biopsy outputs and the expertise of the doctors, but it consumes more time and some inaccurate results. At the early stage, skin cancer detection is a challenging task, and it easily spreads to the whole body and leads to an increase in the mortality rate. Skin cancer is curable when it is detected at an early stage. In order to classify correct and accurate skin cancer, the critical task is skin cancer identification and classification, and it is more based on the cancer disease features such as shape, size, color, symmetry and etc. More similar characteristics are present in many skin diseases; hence it makes it a challenging issue to select important features from a skin cancer dataset images. Hence, the skin cancer diagnostic accuracy is improved by requiring an automated skin cancer detection and classification framework; thereby, the human expert’s scarcity is handled. Recently, the deep learning techniques like Convolutional neural network (CNN), Deep belief neural network (DBN), Artificial neural network (ANN), Recurrent neural network (RNN), and Long and short term memory (LSTM) have been widely used for the identification and classification of skin cancers. This survey reviews different DL techniques for skin cancer identification and classification. The performance metrics such as precision, recall, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F-measures are used to evaluate the effectiveness of SC identification using DL techniques. By using these DL techniques, the classification accuracy increases along with the mitigation of computational complexities and time consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20cancer" title="skin cancer">skin cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20measures" title=" performance measures"> performance measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=datasets" title=" datasets"> datasets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151256/a-survey-of-skin-cancer-detection-and-classification-from-skin-lesion-images-using-deep-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1849</span> Application of Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Retention Times of Some Secoestrane Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nata%C5%A1a%20Kalajd%C5%BEija">Nataša Kalajdžija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strahinja%20Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87"> Strahinja Kovačević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davor%20Lon%C4%8Dar"> Davor Lončar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanja%20Podunavac%20Kuzmanovi%C4%87"> Sanja Podunavac Kuzmanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidija%20Jevri%C4%87"> Lidija Jevrić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to investigate the relationship between retention and structure, a quantitative Structure Retention Relationships (QSRRs) study was applied for the prediction of retention times of a set of 23 secoestrane derivatives in a reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. After the calculation of molecular descriptors, a suitable set of molecular descriptors was selected by using step-wise multiple linear regressions. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method was employed to model the nonlinear structure-activity relationships. The ANN technique resulted in 5-6-1 ANN model with the correlation coefficient of 0.98. We found that the following descriptors: Critical pressure, total energy, protease inhibition, distribution coefficient (LogD) and parameter of lipophilicity (miLogP) have a significant effect on the retention times. The prediction results are in very good agreement with the experimental ones. This approach provided a new and effective method for predicting the chromatographic retention index for the secoestrane derivatives investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipophilicity" title="lipophilicity">lipophilicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QSRR" title=" QSRR"> QSRR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RP%20TLC%20retention" title=" RP TLC retention"> RP TLC retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secoestranes" title=" secoestranes"> secoestranes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2743/application-of-artificial-neural-network-for-prediction-of-retention-times-of-some-secoestrane-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1848</span> Enhancing Teacher Retention and Professional Satisfaction: An Analysis of Salaries, Policies, and Educational Frameworks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Beck%20Wells">Melissa Beck Wells</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the complex factors affecting teacher retention across states, focusing on the roles of salaries, educational policies, and professional development. Despite efforts to reduce teacher turnover, it remains a significant challenge, impacting the quality of education and student outcomes. Analysis of data from the National Education Association, the ‘Raise the Bar’ initiative, and the Education Commission of the States reveals a minimal negative correlation between teacher salaries and retention, indicating that salary alone does not determine retention. Additionally, thematic analysis of educational policies and development programs highlights effective strategies for addressing retention challenges. The research emphasizes the need for holistic support systems, including mentorship and professional growth opportunities, to improve retention. These findings urge policymakers and educational leaders to develop comprehensive strategies to maintain a qualified teaching workforce and enhance educational quality and equity nationwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20retention" title="teacher retention">teacher retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salary%20levels" title=" salary levels"> salary levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20policies" title=" educational policies"> educational policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20development" title=" professional development"> professional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20turnover" title=" teacher turnover"> teacher turnover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187060/enhancing-teacher-retention-and-professional-satisfaction-an-analysis-of-salaries-policies-and-educational-frameworks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1847</span> Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Skin Affection in Donkeys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Z.%20Sayed-Ahmed">Mohamed Z. Sayed-Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Ahdy"> Ahmed M. Ahdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20E.%20Younis"> Emad E. Younis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabry%20A.%20El-Khodary"> Sabry A. El-Khodary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Little research information is available on the prevalence of diseases of donkeys in Egypt. Across sectional study was undertaken between March 2009 and February 2010 to verify the prevalence of skin affection of donkeys. A total of 1134 donkeys in northern Egypt were investigated. A questionnaire was constructed to verify the number of infected contact animals as well as the associated factors. Physical examination was carried out, and the distribution of skin lesions was recorded. Skin scraping and biopsy were obtained to perform bacteriological, mycological, and histopathological examinations. Thirty-five (3.09%) out of 1134 noticed donkeys had skin affections including mange (18/35), dermatophytosis (6/35), bacterial dermatitis (6/35) urticaria (2/35) and allergic dermatitis (3/35). The present results indicate that mange and dermatophytosis are the prevalent skin diseases in donkeys. Contact with other animal species of contaminated environment may contribute to the occurrence of the diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=donkeys" title="donkeys">donkeys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20affection" title=" skin affection"> skin affection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124209/prevalence-and-potential-risk-factors-associated-with-skin-affection-in-donkeys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1846</span> Pufferfish Skin Collagens and Their Role in Inflation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirti">Kirti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samanta%20Sekhar%20Khora"> Samanta Sekhar Khora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inflation serves different purposes in different organisms and adds beauty to their behavioral attributes. Pufferfishes are also known as blowfish, swellfish, and globefish due to their remarkable ability to puff themselves up like a balloon when threatened. This ability to inflate can be correlated with anatomical features that are unique to pufferfishes. Pufferfish skin provides a rigid framework to support the body contents and a flexible covering to allow whatever changes are necessary for remarkable inflation mechanism. Skin, the outer covering of animals is made up of collagen fibers arranged in more or less ordered arrays. The ventral skin of pufferfish stretches more than dorsal skin during inflation. So, this study is of much of the interest in comparing the structure and mechanical properties of these two skin regions. The collagen fibers were found to be arranged in different ordered arrays for ventral and dorsal skin and concentration of fibers were also found to be different for these two skin parts. Scanning electron microscopy studies of the ventral skin showed a unidirectional arrangement of the collagen fibers, which provide more stretching capacity. Dorsal skin, on the other hand, has an orthogonal arrangement of fibers. This provides more stiffness to the ventral skin at the time of inflation. In this study, the possible role of collagen fibers was determined which significantly contributed to the remarkable inflation mechanism of pufferfishes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagen" title="collagen">collagen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histology" title=" histology"> histology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation" title=" inflation"> inflation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pufferfish" title=" pufferfish"> pufferfish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy" title=" scanning electron microscopy"> scanning electron microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Small-Angle%20X-Ray%20Scattering%20%28SAXS%29" title=" Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)"> Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20electron%20microscopy" title=" transmission electron microscopy"> transmission electron microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85346/pufferfish-skin-collagens-and-their-role-in-inflation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1845</span> Preparation and Characterization of Water-in-Oil Nanoemulsion of 5-Fluorouracil to Enhance Skin Permeation for Treatment of Skin Diseases.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Rajinikanth">P. S. Rajinikanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shobana%20Mariappan"> Shobana Mariappan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jestin%20Chellian"> Jestin Chellian </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the study was to prepare and characterize a water-in-oil nano emulsion of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) to enhance the skin penetration. The present study describes a nano emulsion of 5FU using Capyrol PGMC, Transcutol HP and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The optimized formulations were further evaluated for heating cooling cycle, centrifugation studies, freeze thaw cycling, particle size distribution and zeta potential in order to confirm the stability of the optimized nano emulsions. The in-vitro characterization results showed that the droplets of prepared formulation were ~100 nm with ± 15 zeta potential. In vitro skin permeation studies was conducted in albino mice skin. Significant increase in permeability parameters was also observed in nano emulsion formulations (P<0.05). The steady-state flux (Jss), enhancement ration and permeability coefficient (Kp) for optimized nano emulsion formulation (FU2, FU1, 1:1 S mix were found to be 24.21 ±2.45 μg/cm2/h, 3.28±0.87 & 19.52±1.87 cm/h, respectively), which were significant compared with conventional gel. The in vitro and in vivo skin deposition studies in rat indicated that the amount of drug deposited from the nano emulsion (292.45 µg/cm2) in skin was significant (P<0.05) an increased as compared to a conventional 5FU gel (121.42 µg/cm2). The skin irritation study using rat skin showed that the mean irritation index of the nano emulsion reduced significantly (P<0.05) as compared with conventional gel contain 1% 5FU. The results from this study suggest that a water-in-oil nano emulsion could be safely used to promote skin penetration of 5FU following topical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20emulsion" title="nano emulsion">nano emulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20release" title=" controlled release"> controlled release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5%20fluorouracil" title=" 5 fluorouracil"> 5 fluorouracil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20penetration" title=" skin penetration"> skin penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20irritation" title=" skin irritation "> skin irritation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11646/preparation-and-characterization-of-water-in-oil-nanoemulsion-of-5-fluorouracil-to-enhance-skin-permeation-for-treatment-of-skin-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1844</span> Improvement of Spray Retention on Barley </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassina%20Hafida%20Boukhalfa">Hassina Hafida Boukhalfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Belhamra"> Mohamed Belhamra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adjuvants contribute to change the types of impact and thus the amount of spray retained by the leaves of the treated plant. We have performed tests of retention on barley plants on BBCH 12 stage and small pieces of barley leaves at the same stage of growth. Spraying was done in three ways: water without adjuvant, water with Break-Thru® S240 and water with Li700®. The three slurries of fluorescein contained in an amount of 0.2 g/l. Fluorescein retained by the leaves in both cases is then measured by a spectrofluoremeter. The retention tests on whole plants show that it is tripled by the first adjuvant and doubled by the second. By cons on small pieces of barley leaves, the amount was increased by the use of surfactants but not to the same scale. This study concluded that the use of adjuvants in spray pesticides may increase the amount of retention as a function of leaf area and the type of adjuvant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barley" title="Barley">Barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjuvant" title=" adjuvant"> adjuvant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20retention" title=" spray retention"> spray retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorometry" title=" fluorometry"> fluorometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45400/improvement-of-spray-retention-on-barley" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1843</span> The Effects of Topically-Applied Skin Moisturizer on Striae Gravidarum in East Indian Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipanshu%20Sur">Dipanshu Sur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnabali%20Chakravorty"> Ratnabali Chakravorty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Striae result from rapid expansion of the underlying tissue, e.g. during puberty, pregnancy or rapid weight gain. Prior data indicate that the incidence of stretch marks in Indian women is 77%.The hormonal and genetic factors are associated with their appearance. Recently that has been found skin extensibility, elasticity and rupture were strongly influenced by the water content of dermis and epidermis cells. Objective: The objectives were to assess the effects of topical treatments applied during pregnancy on the later development of stretch marks. Materials and methods: An open, prospective, randomized study was done on 120 pregnant women in whom skin elasticity and hydration as well as striae presence or apparition were measured at baseline and periodically until delivery. Patients were randomly assigned to application in wet skin cream, or in dry skin conditions. Results: The average basal hydration was 42 ±13 IU and the final was 46 ± 6 IU (P = 0.0325; 95% CI: -7.66 to -0.34), which difference was statistically significant. By measuring the moisture in the control region (forearm) a basal reading of 40 ± 9 IU and end of study of 38 ± 6; (p = 0.1547; 95% CI: -0.77 to 4.77) and this difference was considered to be not statistically significant. It was observed that at the end of the study, 55% women without ridges; mild ridges 5%; 36% moderate, and 4%, severe ridges. The proportion of women without grooves was 54% when the cream was applied studied wet skin and 45% when the cream was applied on dry skin. Conclusion: It was shown that cream under study increased hydration and elasticity of abdominal skin consequently in all subjects. This effect is more significant (54%) when the cream is applied to damp skin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=striae%20gravidarum" title="striae gravidarum">striae gravidarum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20moisturizer" title=" skin moisturizer"> skin moisturizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20hydration" title=" skin hydration"> skin hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20elasticity" title=" skin elasticity"> skin elasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36646/the-effects-of-topically-applied-skin-moisturizer-on-striae-gravidarum-in-east-indian-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1842</span> The Effects of Dual-Enrollment Programs on Students’ Post-Secondary Academic Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cody%20Kirby">Cody Kirby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaustav%20Misra"> Kaustav Misra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arundhati%20Bagchi%20Misra"> Arundhati Bagchi Misra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharon%20P.%20Cox"> Sharon P. Cox</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the relationship that dual-enrollment programs have on academic performance and retention. Both performance and retention are significant issues in higher education. The first, performance, is a goal of higher education, having an impact on students’ lives. The second, retention, is key to the viability of any college or university. This paper uses survey research methodology to examine factors that lead to positive student academic performance, which leads to retention, specifically in dual-enrollment programs. The data show several characteristics that lead to a positive impact on GPA. These include the following; age, Caucasian race, full-time status, students in STEM programs, and finally dual enrollment participation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20enrollment" title="dual enrollment">dual enrollment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20college" title=" early college"> early college</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention" title=" retention"> retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduate%20education" title=" undergraduate education"> undergraduate education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146886/the-effects-of-dual-enrollment-programs-on-students-post-secondary-academic-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1841</span> Clinical Factors of Quality Switched Ruby Laser Therapy for Lentigo Depigmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SunWoo%20Lee">SunWoo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TaeBum%20Lee"> TaeBum Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YoonHwa%20Park"> YoonHwa Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YooJeong%20Kim"> YooJeong Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar lentigines appear predominantly on chronically sun-exposed areas of skin, such as the face and the back of the hands. Among the several ways to lentigines treatment, quality-switched lasers are well-known effective treatment for removing solar lentigines. The present pilot study was therefore designed to assess the efficacy of quality-switched ruby laser treatment of such lentigines compare between pretreatment and posttreatment of skin brightness. Twenty-two adults with chronic sun-damaged skin (mean age 52.8 years, range 37–74 years) were treated at the Korean site. A 694 nm Q-switched ruby laser was used, with the energy density set from 1.4 to 12.5 J/cm2, to treat solar lentigines. Average brightness of skin color before ruby laser treatment was 137.3 and its skin color was brightened after ruby laser treatment by 150.5. Also, standard deviation of skin color was decreased from 17.8 to 16.4. Regarding the multivariate model, age and energy were identified as significant factors for skin color brightness change in lentigo depigmentation by ruby laser treatment. Their respective odds ratios were 1.082 (95% CI, 1.007–1.163), and 1.431 (95% CI, 1.051–1.946). Lentigo depigmentation treatment using ruby lasers resulted in a high performance in skin color brightness. Among the relative factors involve with ruby laser treatment, age and energy were the most effective factors which skin color change to brighter than pretreatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depigmentation" title="depigmentation">depigmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lentigine" title=" lentigine"> lentigine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20switched%20ruby%20laser" title=" quality switched ruby laser"> quality switched ruby laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20color" title=" skin color"> skin color</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48368/clinical-factors-of-quality-switched-ruby-laser-therapy-for-lentigo-depigmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20retention&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20retention&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20retention&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20retention&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20retention&page=6">6</a></li> <li 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