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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British journalist and far-right politician (1899–1973)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">A. K. Chesterton</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A._K._Chesterton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d2/A._K._Chesterton.jpg/220px-A._K._Chesterton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/A._K._Chesterton.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Arthur Kenneth Chesterton</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1899-05-01</span>)</span>1 May 1899<br /><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a>, South African Republic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 August 1973<span style="display:none">(1973-08-16)</span> (aged 74)<br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a> (1933–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a> (from 1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a> (first cousin, once removed)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Chesterton" title="Cecil Chesterton">Cecil Chesterton</a> (first cousin, once removed)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arthur Kenneth Chesterton</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a></span></span> (1 May 1899 – 16 August 1973) was a British journalist and political activist. From 1933 to 1938, he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a> (BUF). Disillusioned with <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>, he left the BUF in 1938. Chesterton established the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a> in 1954, which merged with a short-lived <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a> in 1967 to become the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a>. He founded and edited the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)">Candour</a></i> in 1954 as the successor of <i><a href="/wiki/Truth_(British_periodical)" title="Truth (British periodical)">Truth</a></i>, of which he had been co-editor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arthur Kenneth Chesterton was born on 1 May 1899 in <a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a>, the son of Arthur George Chesterton (1871–1900), a secretary at the local gold mine, and Harriet Ethel Chesterton (née Down).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199615_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199615-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first cousin once removed of the author and poet <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a> and the journalist <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Chesterton" title="Cecil Chesterton">Cecil Chesterton</a>, his paternal grandfather being an older brother of G. K. and Cecil's father Edward.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young A. K. held his two cousins in high regard, seeing Cecil as his "exemplar".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> in October 1899, Chesterton and his mother were sent to England. His father later died of pneumonia at 28 on his journey to join the family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1902, after the end of the conflict, Chesterton returned to Krugersdorp with his paternal uncle and his mother. His mother soon married a Scottish mine administrator named George Horne, and the reconstituted family settled in <a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>. In 1911, aged 12, Chesterton was sent again to England to live with his paternal grandfather in <a href="/wiki/Herne_Hill" title="Herne Hill">Herne Hill</a>. He attended <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_College" title="Dulwich College">Dulwich College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted_School" title="Berkhamsted School">Berkhamsted School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199635_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199635-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he was a schoolmate of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Greene" title="Ben Greene">Ben Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tremlett" title="Rex Tremlett">Rex Tremlett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1915, Chesterton's mother and step-father visited him in England, and he persuaded them to bring him back to South Africa. Shortly after disembarking, Chesterton decided to join the army, but too young to enlist at 16, he falsified his age to enroll in the 5th South African Light Infantry to fight in <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199640_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199640-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his memoirs, Chesterton alluded to two battles against the Germans at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salaita_Hill" title="Battle of Salaita Hill">Salaita Hill</a> on 12 February 1916, and at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Latema_Nek" title="Battle of Latema Nek">Latema Nek</a> on 11–12 March 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a march in 1916, Chesterton collapsed from fever and was left on the roadside to die. He was eventually rescued by two African porters and sent home to his family in Johannesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a period of convalescence, then aged 17, Chesterton decided to join the army again and went to Ireland to train as an officer with a cadet battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1918, he received his commission as <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> and was transferred to the 2/2 Battalion, <a href="/wiki/London_Regiment_(1908%E2%80%931938)" title="London Regiment (1908–1938)">City of London Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">Royal Fusiliers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chesterton served over two years on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the war, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> for his actions during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%89pehy" title="Battle of Épehy">battle of Épehy</a> on 18–19 September 1918. Chesterton was at the head of a platoon reinforcing an assault against a German position near the village of <a href="/wiki/Pezi%C3%A8res,_%C3%89pehy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pezières, Épehy">Pezières</a> in northern France.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full citation for the award appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> in July 1919, by which time the war had been over for eight months, and reads as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For most conspicuous gallantry during the attack on Peizieres September 18th, 1918. He led his platoon in a most determined manner and succeeded in reaching his final objective, despite having hostile machine-gun fire against him. During the operations east of Peizieres on September 19th, he organised bombing attack after bombing attack continually from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. against the enemy who were in Poplar trench. He personally led bombing parties and finally succeeded in capturing Poplar trench killing the machine-gun detachments that barred his way. During the whole of the period in question he displayed fine courage and set a splendid example to his men.</p></blockquote> <p>After the end of the war, Chesterton suffered from chronic symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> lingered from the East African campaign, and from permanent respiratory issues caused by a gas attack in Europe. Like many veterans, he developed an <a href="/wiki/Addiction_to_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Addiction to alcohol">addiction to alcohol</a>, punctuated by "nervous breakdowns" and episodes of "<a href="/wiki/Neurasthenia" title="Neurasthenia">neurasthenia</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traumatised by trench warfare, Chesterton wrote that he had recurring nightmares of dead bodies and wrote that he began to experience the world as "one vast necropolis".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_as_a_journalist">Career as a journalist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career as a journalist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly before his 21st birthday in 1919, Chesterton moved back to South Africa, where he worked as a journalist for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(South_Africa)" title="The Star (South Africa)">The Johannesburg Star</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924 he returned to England and, under the tutelage of <a href="/wiki/G._Wilson_Knight" title="G. Wilson Knight">G. Wilson Knight</a>, Chesterton developed a reputation as a <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespearean</a> critic. He secured a job as a journalist and festival critic at the <i>Stratford-upon-Avon Herald</i>, then as a public relation officer at the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Memorial_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare Memorial Theatre">Shakespeare Memorial Theatre</a>. In 1928, he edited the short-lived monthly <i>Shakespearean Review</i>, where he developed his ideas about cultural decay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929 Chesterton met his future wife, Doris Terry, a schoolteacher from <a href="/wiki/Torquay" title="Torquay">Torquay</a>. The couple married in 1933 and moved to <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a>. Doris was a <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian</a> socialist and did not share her husband's later political views.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1929 and 1931, he worked as a journalist for the <i>Torquay Times</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/South_Devon" title="South Devon">South Devon</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199674_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199674-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1933 Chesterton joined the <a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a> (BUF) while still employed by the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, after being recruited by <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tremlett" title="Rex Tremlett">Rex Tremlett</a>, his former schoolmate at Berkhamsted and then the editor of BUF's newspapers <i>Fascist Week</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blackshirt" title="The Blackshirt">The Blackshirt</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996124_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker1996124-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Union_of_Fascists">British Union of Fascists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British Union of Fascists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border: 4px double #000000; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Fascism" title="Category:Fascism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.8em 0 1.3em;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eagle_with_fasces.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eagle with fasces"><img alt="Eagle with fasces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/140px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/210px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/280px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actual_idealism" title="Actual idealism">Actual idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nation" title="Bourgeois nation">Anti-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration#Fascist_support" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Fascist_corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_Corporation" title="Proprietary Corporation">Proprietary Corporation</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_capitalism" title="Heroic capitalism">Heroic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_rationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of rationalism">Irrationalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">Machismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_of_masculinity_under_fascist_Italy" title="Model of masculinity under fascist Italy">Masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Fascist_Italy" title="Propaganda in Fascist Italy">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spazio_vitale" title="Spazio vitale">Spazio vitale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism#By_Italian_Fascists" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercapitalism" title="Supercapitalism">Supercapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism#Early_usages" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism" title="Definitions of fascism">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_fascism" title="Economics of fascism">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology" title="Fascism and ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_martyrs" title="Fascist martyrs">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">Movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_symbolism" title="Fascist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani#Iran,_Italy,_Germany_and_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Arcand" title="Adrien Arcand">Arcand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_B%C3%B6sz%C3%B6rm%C3%A9ny" title="Zoltán Böszörmény">Böszörmény</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bottai" title="Giuseppe Bottai">Bottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Bourgin" title="Hubert Bourgin">Bourgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Codreanu</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Darnand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Engdahl" title="Per Engdahl">Engdahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federzoni" title="Luigi Federzoni">Federzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_A._Flores" title="Luis A. Flores">Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Hlinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hoornaert" title="Paul Hoornaert">Hoornaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Ljotić">Ljotić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Man#Collaboration" title="Henri de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Gonz%C3%A1lez_von_Mar%C3%A9es" title="Jorge González von Marées">von Marées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Mosley</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seig%C5%8D_Nakano" title="Seigō Nakano">Nakano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">O'Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Pavelić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Pavolini" title="Alessandro Pavolini">Pavolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dudley_Pelley" title="William Dudley Pelley">Pelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rol%C3%A3o_Preto" title="Francisco Rolão Preto">Preto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Primo_de_Rivera" title="José Antonio Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Ledesma_Ramos" title="Ramiro Ledesma Ramos">Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio_Salgado" title="Plínio Salgado">Salgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Starace" title="Achille Starace">Starace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_Starhemberg" title="Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg">Starhemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Sz%C3%A1lasi" title="Ferenc Szálasi">Szálasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Tiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş">Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Van_Severen" title="Joris Van Severen">Van Severen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Wilson" title="Arnold Wilson">Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Arthuys#Fascist_leader" title="Jacques Arthuys">Arthuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_B%C3%A9raud" title="Henri Béraud">Béraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_Br%C4%83ileanu" title="Traian Brăileanu">Brăileanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line#Antisemitism,_fascism_and_collaboration" title="Louis-Ferdinand Céline">Céline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelfo_Civinini" title="Guelfo Civinini">Civinini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cogni" title="Giulio Cogni">Cogni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Collins" title="Seward Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Corradini" title="Enrico Corradini">Corradini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce#Relations_with_Italian_fascism" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvator_Cupcea#Moldovan's_aide" title="Salvator Cupcea">Cupcea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dilling" title="Elizabeth Dilling">Dilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">Drieu La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Giani" title="Niccolò Giani">Giani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrado_Gini#Under_fascism" title="Corrado Gini">Gini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_Herseni#National_Legionary_doctrinaire" title="Traian Herseni">Herseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">de Lapouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis#Political_views" title="Wyndham Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte" title="Curzio Malaparte">Malaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabin_Manuil%C4%83" title="Sabin Manuilă">Manuilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Maxence" title="Jean-Pierre Maxence">Maxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Ojetti#Ojetti_and_fascism" title="Ugo Ojetti">Ojetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Oliviero_Olivetti" title="Angelo Oliviero Olivetti">Olivetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Orano" title="Paolo Orano">Orano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Panero" title="Leopoldo Panero">Panero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Panunzio" title="Sergio Panunzio">Panunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello#Italy_under_the_Fascists" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pitt-Rivers" title="George Pitt-Rivers">Pitt-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Ledesma_Ramos" title="Ramiro Ledesma Ramos">Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Reghini" title="Arturo Reghini">Reghini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izabela_Sadoveanu-Evan" title="Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan">Sadoveanu-Evan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar#Fascism" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Scaligero" title="Massimo Scaligero">Scaligero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardengo_Soffici#Later_life" title="Ardengo Soffici">Soffici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Spirito" title="Ugo Spirito">Spirito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Streel" title="José Streel">Streel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Ungaretti#Hermeticism_and_fascism" title="Giuseppe Ungaretti">Ungaretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_trionfo_della_morte" title="Il trionfo della morte">Triumph of Death</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1894)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flame_(novel)" title="The Flame (novel)">The Flame</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1900)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Will_to_Power_(manuscript)" title="The Will to Power (manuscript)">The Will to Power</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1901)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_Violence" title="Reflections on Violence">Reflections on Violence</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fascio_Rivoluzionario_d%27Azione_Internazionalista#Manifesto" title="Fascio Rivoluzionario d'Azione Internazionalista">Fascio Rivoluzionario d'Azione<br /> Internazionalista</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1914)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prussianism_and_Socialism" title="Prussianism and Socialism">Prussianism and Socialism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Futurism" title="Manifesto of Futurism">Futurist Manifesto</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Manifesto" title="Fascist Manifesto">Fascist Manifesto</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Fascist_Intellectuals" title="Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals">Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Second" title="Frederick the Second">Frederick the Second</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Autobiography_(Mussolini_book)" title="My Autobiography (Mussolini book)">My Autobiography</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Outlaws_(novel)" title="The Outlaws (novel)">The Outlaws</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Doctrine_of_Fascism" title="The Doctrine of Fascism">The Doctrine of Fascism</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1932)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Six_Point_Program_of_the_Falange" title="Twenty-Six Point Program of the Falange">Twenty-Six Point Program of<br />the Falange</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1934)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man,_the_Unknown" title="Man, the Unknown">Man, the Unknown</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_My_Legionaries" title="For My Legionaries">For My Legionaries</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Kulchur" title="Guide to Kulchur">Guide to Kulchur</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gilles_(novel)" title="Gilles (novel)">Gilles</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackshirts" title="Blackshirts">Blackshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Action" title="Brazilian Integralist Action">Brazilian Integralist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stewards_(paramilitary_organisation)" title="Stewards (paramilitary organisation)">Stewards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Union_of_Fascists" title="Canadian Union of Fascists">Canadian Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Italiani_di_Combattimento" title="Fasci Italiani di Combattimento">Fasci Italiani di Combattimento</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Austria)" title="Fatherland Front (Austria)">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FE_de_las_JONS" class="mw-redirect" title="FE de las JONS">FE de las JONS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">FET y de las JONS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_Political_Party" title="Futurist Political Party">Futurist Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">IKL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokumin_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Kokumin Dōmei">Kokumin Dōmei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapua_Movement" title="Lapua Movement">Lapua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legionary_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legionary Action (page does not exist)">Legionary Action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Party" title="National Christian Party">National Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Labor_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Reich Labor Service">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Social_Movement" title="National Social Movement">National Social Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(UK)" title="New Party (UK)">New Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nazionale_Balilla" title="Opera Nazionale Balilla">Opera Nazionale Balilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">Patriotic People's Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratniks" title="Ratniks">Ratniks</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Revolutionary Mexicanist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Union_(Peru)" title="Revolutionary Union (Peru)">Revolutionary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Legion of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Squadrismo" title="Squadrismo">Squadrismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fascist_Mysticism" title="School of Fascist Mysticism">School of Fascist Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taisei_Yokusankai" class="mw-redirect" title="Taisei Yokusankai">Taisei Yokusankai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR_Group" title="UR Group">UR Group</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Youth" title="Ustaše Youth">Ustaše Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verdinaso" title="Verdinaso">Verdinaso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Fascist_Organisation" title="All-Russian Fascist Organisation">VFO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flemish_National_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish National Union">VNV</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Action_(newspaper)" title="Action (newspaper)">Action</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Review_(literary_journal)#Controversy_and_decline" title="The American Review (literary journal)">The American Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arriba_(newspaper)" title="Arriba (newspaper)">Arriba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blackshirt" title="The Blackshirt">The Blackshirt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buna_Vestire" title="Buna Vestire">Buna Vestire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critica_fascista" title="Critica fascista">Critica fascista</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndirea" title="Gândirea">Gândirea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gringoire_(newspaper)" title="Gringoire (newspaper)">Gringoire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_Popolo_d%27Italia" title="Il Popolo d'Italia">Il Popolo d'Italia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Pays_R%C3%A9el" title="Le Pays Réel">Le Pays Réel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Idea_Nazionale" title="L'Idea Nazionale">L'Idea Nazionale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lidel_(magazine)" title="Lidel (magazine)">Lidel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1stup" title="Nástup">Nástup</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Fujin" title="Nippon Fujin">Nippon Fujin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volk_en_Staat" title="Volk en Staat">Volk en Staat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentile_Reform" title="Gentile Reform">Gentile Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Secession_(20th_century)" title="Aventine Secession (20th century)">Aventine Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Senussi_War" title="Second Italo-Senussi War">Second Italo-Senussi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">German election of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_of_the_Fascist_Revolution" title="Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution">Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Montreux_Fascist_conference" title="1934 Montreux Fascist conference">1934 Montreux Fascist conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Revolution_Day_Z%C3%B3calo_Battle" title="1935 Revolution Day Zócalo Battle">1935 Revolution Day Zócalo Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Decree_(Spain,_1937)" title="Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)">Unification Decree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Steel" title="Pact of Steel">Pact of Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_March" title="Peasant March">Peasant March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Downfall in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#Turning_point_and_collapse" title="Nazi Germany">Downfall in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for<br />the Far East</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_fascism" title="Arab fascism">Arab</a></li> <li>Argentine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera#Views" title="Stepan Bandera">Banderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_fascism" title="British fascism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-fascism" title="Crypto-fascism">Crypto-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Eco-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain#Francoism" title="Francoist Spain">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="French fascism">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party#Ideology_and_fascism_of_PPF" title="French Popular Party">Doriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Pétainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau#Valois's_version_of_fascism" title="Le Faisceau">Valoisism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party#Ideology" title="Arrow Cross Party">Hungarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe#Ideology" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofascism" title="Islamofascism">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intransigent_fascism" title="Intransigent fascism">Intransigent</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor-system_fascism" title="Emperor-system fascism">Emperor-system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Restoration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism#Ideology" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden#Ideology" title="Nazism in Sweden">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Black_Movement#Ideology" title="Blue-and-Black Movement">Finnish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lights_Doctrine" title="Nine Lights Doctrine">Pan-Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party#Ideology" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania_under_Fascism" title="Kingdom of Romania under Fascism">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Legionary_State" title="National Legionary State">National Legionary State</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism#Ideology" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Romanianism/Stelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_syndicalism" title="Fascist syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party#Ideology" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno-fascism">Techno-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Uruguayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Marzism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Marzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Uruguayan_revisionism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosism" title="Sosism">Sosism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e#Ideology" title="Ustaše">Ustašism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By continent</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia" title="Fascism in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Bulgaria" title="Fascism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Fascism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America" title="Fascism in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Canada" title="Fascism in 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after joining the BUF, Chesterton was appointed officer-in-charge of <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, and in April 1934 officer-in-charge of the "<a href="/wiki/Midlands" title="Midlands">Midlands</a> Area" for the party. <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>, the leader of the BUF, later appointed him Director of Press Propaganda, a subsection of the BUF Propaganda Department, and in March 1935 to the BUF "Research Directory", the "inner circle" of the party's strategists. During the spring of 1935, Chesterton started to drink again. He was said to frequently arrive at BUF headquarters "in a drunken state", and some members began to call for his expulsion. In July, <i>Blackshirt</i> euphemistically reported that Chesterston was "having a well-deserved rest, on the strict orders of his doctor." Mosley eventually paid for Chesterton to be treated by a neurologist in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following his return to Britain in April 1937, Chesterton was appointed in June "Director of Publicity and Propaganda", and in August the editor of <i>The</i> <i>Blackshirt</i>. This position provided a pulpit for his increasingly "vituperative" <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitic">anti-Semitic</a> rhetoric, the magazine promoting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i> as "the most astounding book ever published".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chesterton also wrote the officially sanctioned biography of Mosley entitled <i>Oswald Mosley: Portrait of a Leader</i> (1937),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in fact a <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> of Mosley in which Chesterton claims that the BUF leader had an "unconquerable spirit, with its grandeur of courage and resolve", closing the book with the salutation "Hail, Mosley, patriot, revolutionary and leader of men!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurr2003310–311_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurr2003310–311-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1930s Chesterton became gradually disillusioned with the myth of "The Leader" and came to lose confidence in Mosley after 1937. On 18 March 1938, he resigned from the BUF; Mosley soon had his memory erased from the history of the party. The same year, Chesterton attended a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a> (NSL). The NSL published his pamphlet <i>Why I left Mosley</i> in 1938, although Chesterton never joined the organisation. He became involved with the short-lived British Council against European Commitments (BCAE), an anti-Bolshevik movement which had emerged during the <a href="/wiki/Munich_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich crisis">Munich crisis</a> to resist war with Germany, and he contributed to <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Vernon_Wallop,_9th_Earl_of_Portsmouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Vernon Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth">Lord Lymington</a>'s journal <i>New Pioneer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1939, Chesterton established his own group, British Vigil. He regularly spoke at meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012272_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012272-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became involved with the <a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a>, a secretive organization founded in May 1939 to consolidate existing right-wing British organizations into a unified body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Ramsay" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Ramsay">Archibald Ramsay</a>, founder of the Right Club, explained its ideology and purpose:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"The main object of the Right Club was to oppose and expose the activities of Organized Jewry, in the light of the evidence which came into my possession in 1938. Our first objective was to clear the Conservative Party of Jewish influence, and the character of our membership and meetings were strictly in keeping with this objective."</dd></dl> <p>In 1939, at the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Chesterton re-enlisted in the British Army and served in <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>. He relapsed into alcoholism and relinquished his commission on grounds of ill health in the spring of 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his return to Britain, he set up the short-lived National Front after Victory (NF after V) and was involved with the relaunched <a href="/wiki/British_Peoples_Party_(1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="British Peoples Party (1939)">British Peoples Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chesterton applied for work at the BBC, but <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> intervened to ensure that he could not be employed. He found work in sub-editing at the <i>Sheffield Evening Telegraph</i>, but was forced to resign due to a bout of malaria. Afterwards, he worked for the <i>Southport Guardian</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Evening_Express" title="Liverpool Evening Express"><i>Liverpool</i> <i>Evening Express</i></a>, and partly as a freelance journalist to supplement his living, including for <i><a href="/wiki/G._K.%27s_Weekly" title="G. K.'s Weekly">The Weekly Review</a></i>. In August 1943, the <i>Daily Worker</i> published an attack on Chesterton accusing him of treachery for his past association with <a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">William Joyce</a>. Chesterton sued the <i>Daily Worker</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a></i>, which had repeated the accusation, for libel. The case was dropped for lack of funds, but Chesterton did manage to elicit an apology. In September 1944, he was appointed deputy editor of <a href="/wiki/Truth_(British_periodical)" title="Truth (British periodical)"><i>Truth</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_activism">Post-war activism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-war activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1945 Chesterton helped establish the National Front, a coalition of underground minor fascist groups with policies including the safeguarding of a strong "national and Empire economy", preserving Christian traditions and finding "an honourable, just and lasting solution" to the "real Jewish problem". The movement was headed first by <a href="/wiki/Collin_Brooks" title="Collin Brooks">Collin Brooks</a> then by Chesterton.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1950 to 1958, Chesterton authored a reoccurring article titled "The International Situation" for every issue of <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal United Services Institution"><i>The Journal of the Royal United Services Institution</i></a>, nowadays often known as the <i>RUSI Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chesterton became literary advisor to <a href="/wiki/Lord_Beaverbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Beaverbrook">Lord Beaverbrook</a>, who offered him jobs at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Express">The Daily Express</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a></i>. Chesterton ghostwrote his autobiography <i>Don't Trust To Luck</i> (1954). In October 1953, whilst still in Beaverbrook's employ, Chesterton founded the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)">Candour</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is still published today, though increasingly erratically as of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012288_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012288-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has claimed that Beaverbrook sacked him upon learning of <i>Candour'</i>s existence; in fact, his contract expired in January 1954 and was not renewed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the collapse of the National Front due to infighting, Chesterton founded in 1954 the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a> (LEL), a political pressure group which gathered many future far-right leaders the likes of <a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyndall (politician)">John Tyndall</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement was publicly known in the 1950s for its political stunts, especially in interrupting <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> conferences while chanting "Save the Empire" and "Tory Traitors".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1965, Chesterton published <i>The New Unhappy Lords</i>, a self-described study of the "power elites" which takes the form, in the words of scholar Graham Macklin, of an "elegantly written antisemitic tirade on the subversive and occult conspiracy against the British Empire, and Western civilisation in general, that he believed was striving behind the scenes to create a 'One-World' Jewish super-state."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the demise of Nazi Germany for its "revolt against the Money Power", Chesterton argued that the British Empire and Commonwealth were then the decisive impediment to the global money-power conspiracy, mainly thanks to their system of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_preference" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial preference">Imperial preference</a>.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012274_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012274-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> The book received damning reviews in the mainstream media, but it had sold in excess of 17,000 copies by June 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Phyllis Schlafly</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a>,</i> published one year earlier, the book was one of the first to highlight the <a href="/wiki/Bilderberg_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilderberg Group">Bilderberg Group</a> as a decisive actor in global conspiracy theories.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012274_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012274-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>After failing to make gains in the 1966 general election, Chesterton founded in February 1967 a second <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a> (NF); he was elected the party's first chairman and remained its Policy Director until 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurlow197423_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow197423-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Front brought together the LEL and <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a>. A faction of the <a href="/wiki/Racial_Preservation_Society" title="Racial Preservation Society">Racial Preservation Society</a> decided to join them, but radicals and openly neo-Nazis figures like Jordan, Tyndall or Webster were excluded to avoid public backlash.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197762–65_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197762–65-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1967, however, Chesterton eventually welcomed Tyndall and members of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a> (GBM) into the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197776–78_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197776–78-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of his life, Chesterton became increasingly ill from the <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">emphysema</a> he had contracted in the gas attack during World War I, living part-time in his native South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Chesterton was holidaying in South Africa, a faction led by Gordon Brown—formerly of Tyndall's GBM—launched a leadership challenge against him. On realising that his support was weak, Chesterton resigned in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197793–95_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197793–95-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chesterton spent the remainder of his days editing <i>Candour</i> until his death from emphysema on 16 August 1973, aged 74.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thurlow" title="Richard Thurlow">Richard Thurlow</a>, Chesterton's "weird mixture of racism, ethnocentrism and conspiracy theory in its racial theory and its <a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">paternalism</a>, monarchism (particularly reverence for <a href="/wiki/Edward_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward I">Edward I</a> who expelled the Jews), cultural pessimism, <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a> and dialectical mode of argument in its political theory are more akin to patterns of thought prevalent in <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">pre-Nazi German Conservatism</a> than to any English equivalent."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurlow197429_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow197429-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, Chesterton repudiated fascism and resolutely denied accusations to the effect that he was pursuing a "<a href="/wiki/Neo-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-fascist">neo-fascist</a>" agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He toned down the antisemitic imagery of his pre-war writings, although the Jews remained at the centre of his conspiracy theories. Described as "far more parasitic and corrupt than any baby could conceive" in <i>Blackshirt</i> (1935), they were still "the principal promoters of the idea of integrating peoples of disparate racial stocks" in his 1965 book <i>The New Unhappy Lords</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurlow197426_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow197426-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although he conceded in 1973 that "any competent Jewish writer can make a nonsense of attempts to prove their authenticity", Chesterton regarded <i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i>, a Tsarist antisemitic forgery, as a "masterly analysis of the weaknesses of Gentile society" in <i>The New Happy Lord</i> (1965).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012275_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012275-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his later life, he came to consider the use of crude antisemitism a "liability and a menace" to the nationalist movement. Chesterton launched in September 1970 a public attack on anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a> in <i>Candour</i>, under the title "This man is dangerous".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a>, who established the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (BNP) in 1982, has declared in 1971, "Without hesitation, what understanding I have of political affairs I have I owe much more to A.K. than any other person"; Tyndall kept on recommending Chesterton's writings until his death in July 2005. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a>, the National Front national activities organiser from 1969 to 1983, stressed in 2009 the "tremendous impact" of the intellectual framework provided by Chesterton book <i>The New Happy Lord</i> "because it tied together the threads of what is happening, why and who's doing it".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276–277_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276–277-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chesterton was also a long-time friend of <a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a>; they regularly wrote to each other until Chesterton's death in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chesterton's works (including some previously only published within <i>Candour</i> magazine) have been re-edited by the A. K. Chesterton Trust from 2013 onward. In 1945, Chesterton penned an anti-Labour satire under the <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> Caius Marcius Coriolanus, the name of Shakespeare's Roman tragedy, published by writer and British Housewives League member <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crisp" title="Dorothy Crisp">Dorothy Crisp</a>. </p><p><b>Books</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Adventures in Dramatic Appreciation</i> (1931)</li> <li><i>Brave Enterprise: A History of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon</i> (1934)</li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/CreedOfAFascistRevolutionary1935" class="extiw" title="iarchive:CreedOfAFascistRevolutionary1935"><i>Creed of a Fascist Revolutionary</i></a> (1935)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/241149049/Chesterton-Arthur-Kenneth-Oswald-Mosley-Portrait-of-a-Leader"><i>Oswald Mosley: Portrait of a Leader</i></a> (1937)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JA_RCQAAQBAJ"><i>Why I Left Mosley</i></a> (1938)</li> <li><i>No Shelter for Morrison</i> [a play]. London: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crisp" title="Dorothy Crisp">Dorothy Crisp & Co., Ltd.</a> (1945)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Published under the <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> Caius Marcius Coriolanus.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="//archive.org/details/ChestertonArthurKennethMenaceOfTheMoneyPower" class="extiw" title="iarchive:ChestertonArthurKennethMenaceOfTheMoneyPower"><i>The Menace of the Money Power: An Analysis of World Government by Finance</i></a> (1946)</li> <li><i>Alternative for Britain</i> (1946)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r-pDCwAAQBAJ"><i>Juma the Great</i></a> (1947)</li> <li><i>The Importance of Being Oswald</i> (1947)</li> <li><i>The Tragedy of Anti-Semitism</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Leftwich" title="Joseph Leftwich">Joseph Leftwich</a> (1948)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SY-NBQAAQBAJ"><i>Sound the Alarm! A Warning to the British Nations</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cccICAAAQBAJ"><i>Stand By The Empire</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aMnVCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Menace of World Government & Britain's Graveyard</i></a> (1957)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8LCmCQAAQBAJ"><i>Tomorrow. A Plan for the British Future</i></a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/ChestertonArthurKennethTheNewUnhappyLords" class="extiw" title="iarchive:ChestertonArthurKennethTheNewUnhappyLords"><i>The New Unhappy Lords: An Exposure of Power Politics</i></a> (1965)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZcyDwAAQBAJ"><i>Common Market Suicide</i></a> (1971)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ER-dBwAAQBAJ"><i>B.B.C.: A National Menace</i></a> (1972)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F1jqBgAAQBAJ"><i>Facing the Abyss</i></a> (posthumous; 1976)</li> <li><i>Fascism and the Press</i> (posthumous; 2013)</li></ul> <p><b>Articles</b> </p> <ul><li><i>British Union Quarterly</i>, Vol. 1, No. 2, April/June 1937, pp. 45–54.</li></ul> <p><b>Pamphlets</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Not Guilty: An Account of the Historic Race Relations Trial at Lewes Assizes in March 1968</i> (1968)</li></ul> <p><b>Plays</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SCwbBAAAQBAJ"><i>Leopard Valley: A Play in Three Acts</i></a> (1943)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)"><i>Candour</i></a> – British far-right-wing magazine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199615-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199615_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeCras2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeCras2019_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeCras2019">LeCras 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 15: "A. K. was a second cousin to G. K., his grandfather being an older brother of G. K.’s father, Edward."; <a href="#CITEREFMacklin2020">Macklin 2020</a>: "Chesterton grew up in awe of his second cousins, the renowned Catholic journalists Gilbert and Cecil Chesterton."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2020_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2020">Macklin 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199635-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199635_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeCras2019">LeCras 2019</a>: "Greene was a former schoolmate of Chesterton and Rex Tremlett at the Berkhamstead School."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199640-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199640_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2020">Macklin 2020</a>: "Too young to enlist when the First World War broke out in 1914, Chesterton joined the 5th South African Light Infantry in the following year after his family returned to South Africa, falsifying his age in order to do so."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeCras2019">LeCras 2019</a>: "Chestertons's campaign in East Africa ended when, still aged only 16, he collapsed from fever while marching through the 'vast wasted of East Africa'. He was saved only by the intervention of two local porters who carried him over the Kipengere mountain range to safety, wherefrom he made his back to his family's home in Johannesburg."; <a href="#CITEREFMacklin2020">Macklin 2020</a>: "Campaigning against Germany in East Africa, he became too ill to continue marching and was left at the roadside to die. (...) Rescued and cared for, ironically, by a group of Africans, Chesterton transferred to fight with the British army in Europe..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeCras2019">LeCras 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMacklin2020">Macklin 2020</a>; see also <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGazette30824" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30824/supplement/9101">"No. 30824"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 30 July 1918. p. 9101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30824&rft.pages=9101&rft.date=1918-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30824%2Fsupplement%2F9101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 2; <a href="#CITEREFLeCras2019">LeCras 2019</a>; see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31480" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31480/supplement/9722">"No. 31480"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 29 July 1919. p. 9722.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31480&rft.pages=9722&rft.date=1919-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31480%2Fsupplement%2F9722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeCras, Luke (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200609083503/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3ee4/5c91151a8f699ca0e1ced2dd5bdb48b9cbe9.pdf"><i>A. K. Chesterton and the Problem of British Fascism, 1915-1973</i>.</a> p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker199674-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker199674_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker1996124-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996124_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2020">Macklin 2020</a>: "Mosley entrusted him to write his officially sanctioned biography, <i>Oswald Mosley: Portrait of a Leader</i> (1936), a sycophantic paean of praise, lauding Mosley as 'an outstanding leader of men' - a notion that was soon to desert its author."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurr2003310–311-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurr2003310–311_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurr2003">Spurr 2003</a>, pp. 310–311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012272-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012272_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2012">Macklin 2012</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk">http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427230011/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/">Archived</a> 27 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article on Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster, retrieved 30 August 2012,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeiberg2017_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeiberg2017">Neiberg 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Shaffer, Ryan (2013). "The soundtrack of neo-fascism: youth and music in the National Front". <i>Patterns of Prejudice</i>. <b>47</b> (<span class="nowrap">4–</span>5): <span class="nowrap">461–</span>462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2013.842289">10.1080/0031322X.2013.842289</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-322X">0031-322X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144461518">144461518</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=The+soundtrack+of+neo-fascism%3A+youth+and+music+in+the+National+Front&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E461-%3C%2Fspan%3E462&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144461518%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0031-322X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2013.842289&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012288-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012288_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2012">Macklin 2012</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker1996197_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1996">Baker 1996</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012273_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2012">Macklin 2012</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012274-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012274_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012274_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2012">Macklin 2012</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow197423-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurlow197423_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurlow1974">Thurlow 1974</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197762–65-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197762–65_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, pp. 62–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197776–78-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197776–78_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, pp. 76–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197793–95-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197793–95_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, pp. 93–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow197429-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurlow197429_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurlow1974">Thurlow 1974</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurlow197426-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurlow197426_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurlow1974">Thurlow 1974</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012275-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012275_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2012">Macklin 2012</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2012">Macklin 2012</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276–277-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacklin2012276–277_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacklin2012">Macklin 2012</a>, pp. 276–277.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1985" class="citation journal cs1">Baker, David L. (1985). "A. K. Chesterton, the Strasser Brothers and the Politics of the National Front". <i>Patterns of Prejudice</i>. <b>19</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">23–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.1985.9969821">10.1080/0031322X.1985.9969821</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-322X">0031-322X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=A.+K.+Chesterton%2C+the+Strasser+Brothers+and+the+Politics+of+the+National+Front&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.1985.9969821&rft.issn=0031-322X&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1996" class="citation book cs1">Baker, David L. (1996). <i>Ideology of obsession : A.K. Chesterton and British fascism</i>. London: Tauris Academic Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1788310444" title="Special:BookSources/978-1788310444"><bdi>978-1788310444</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35053264">35053264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology+of+obsession+%3A+A.K.+Chesterton+and+British+fascism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Tauris+Academic+Studies&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35053264&rft.isbn=978-1788310444&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeCras2019" class="citation book cs1">LeCras, Luke (2019). <i>A.K. Chesterton and the Evolution of Britain's Extreme Right, 1933–1973</i>. Milton: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429792328" title="Special:BookSources/978-0429792328"><bdi>978-0429792328</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1130011715">1130011715</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A.K.+Chesterton+and+the+Evolution+of+Britain%27s+Extreme+Right%2C+1933%E2%80%931973&rft.place=Milton&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1130011715&rft.isbn=978-0429792328&rft.aulast=LeCras&rft.aufirst=Luke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacklin2012" class="citation journal cs1">Macklin, Graham (2012). "Transatlantic Connections and Conspiracies: A.K. Chesterton and The New Unhappy Lords". <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i>. <b>47</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">270–</span>290. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022009411431723">10.1177/0022009411431723</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0094">0022-0094</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153984405">153984405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Transatlantic+Connections+and+Conspiracies%3A+A.K.+Chesterton+and+The+New+Unhappy+Lords&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E270-%3C%2Fspan%3E290&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153984405%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-0094&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0022009411431723&rft.aulast=Macklin&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacklin2020" class="citation book cs1">Macklin, Graham (16 April 2020). "A.K. Chesterton: From 'Fascist Revolutionary' to 'Jew-wise' conspiracy theorist". <i>Failed Führers: A History of Britain’s Extreme Right</i>. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">179–</span>256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415627306" title="Special:BookSources/9780415627306"><bdi>9780415627306</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A.K.+Chesterton%3A+From+%E2%80%98Fascist+Revolutionary%E2%80%99+to+%E2%80%98Jew-wise%E2%80%99+conspiracy+theorist&rft.btitle=Failed+F%C3%BChrers%3A+A+History+of+Britain%E2%80%99s+Extreme+Right&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E256&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-04-16&rft.isbn=9780415627306&rft.aulast=Macklin&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulhall2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mulhall, Joe (2016). "From apathy to obsession: the reactions of A. K. Chesterton and the British far right to imperial decline". <i>Patterns of Prejudice</i>. <b>50</b> (<span class="nowrap">4–</span>5): <span class="nowrap">458–</span>477. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2016.1243348">10.1080/0031322X.2016.1243348</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-322X">0031-322X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151857660">151857660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=From+apathy+to+obsession%3A+the+reactions+of+A.+K.+Chesterton+and+the+British+far+right+to+imperial+decline&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E458-%3C%2Fspan%3E477&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151857660%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0031-322X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2016.1243348&rft.aulast=Mulhall&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeiberg2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Neiberg" title="Michael S. Neiberg">Neiberg, Michael S.</a> (2017). <i>Fascism</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-15834-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-15834-3"><bdi>978-1-351-15834-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-15834-3&rft.aulast=Neiberg&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurr2003" class="citation journal cs1">Spurr, Michael A. (2003). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Living the Blackshirt Life': Culture, Community and the British Union of Fascists, 1932–1940". <i>Contemporary European History</i>. <b>12</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">305–</span>322. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0960777303001231">10.1017/S0960777303001231</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-2171">1469-2171</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145478045">145478045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+European+History&rft.atitle=%27Living+the+Blackshirt+Life%27%3A+Culture%2C+Community+and+the+British+Union+of+Fascists%2C+1932%E2%80%931940&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E305-%3C%2Fspan%3E322&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145478045%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1469-2171&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0960777303001231&rft.aulast=Spurr&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurlow1974" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thurlow" title="Richard Thurlow">Thurlow, Richard C.</a> (1974). "Ideology of obsession on the model of A. K. Chesterton". <i>Patterns of Prejudice</i>. <b>8</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">23–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.1974.9969219">10.1080/0031322X.1974.9969219</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-322X">0031-322X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=Ideology+of+obsession+on+the+model+of+A.+K.+Chesterton&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.1974.9969219&rft.issn=0031-322X&rft.aulast=Thurlow&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Walker_(reporter)" title="Martin Walker (reporter)">Walker, Martin</a> (1977). <i>The National Front</i>. London: Fontana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-634824-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-634824-5"><bdi>978-0-00-634824-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Front&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fontana&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-00-634824-5&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA.+K.+Chesterton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chesterton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?field1=ocr;q1=Chesterton%2C%20Arthur;a=srchls;lmt=ft">Works by A. K. Chesterton</a> at <a href="/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.candour.org.uk/"><i>Candour</i> & A.K. Chesterton Trust official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bath.ac.uk/publications/archive-and-research-collections-catalogues/attachments/chesterton-catalogue.pdf">Catalogue of the Papers and Correspondence of Arthur Kenneth Chesterton (1899-1973)</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">University of Bath</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_National_Front66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Front_chairs" title="Template:National Front chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Front_chairs" title="Template talk:National Front chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Front_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Front chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_National_Front66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (United Kingdom)">National Front</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. K. Chesterton</a> (1967–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Brien_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John O'Brien (UK politician)">John O'Brien</a> (1970–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyndall (politician)">John Tyndall</a> (1971–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingsley_Read" title="John Kingsley Read">John Kingsley Read</a> (1974–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyndall (politician)">John Tyndall</a> (1976–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brons" title="Andrew Brons">Andrew Brons</a> (1980–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wingfield" title="Martin Wingfield">Martin Wingfield</a> (1984–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Ian Anderson (British politician)">Ian Anderson</a> (1990–1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McAuley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John McAuley (page does not exist)">John McAuley</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holmes_(British_politician)" title="Tom Holmes (British politician)">Tom Holmes</a> (1998–2009)</li> <li>Ian Edward (2009–2013)</li> <li>Kevin Bryan (2013–2015)</li> <li>David MacDonald (2015)</li> <li>Kevin Bryan (2015–2018)</li> <li>Tony Martin (2018–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom228" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_far_right" title="Template:UK far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_far_right" title="Template talk:UK far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Far-right politics in the United Kingdom">Far-right politics in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Brothers%27_League" title="British Brothers' League">British Brothers' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascists" title="British Fascists">British Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(1939)" title="British People's Party (1939)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_Publishing_Society" title="Britons Publishing Society">Britons Publishing Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Array" title="English Array">English Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Mistery" title="English Mistery">English Mistery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_Christian_Patriots" title="Militant Christian Patriots">Militant Christian Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1917)" title="National Party (UK, 1917)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(1979)" title="British Democratic Party (1979)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Party" title="British Empire Party">British Empire Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freedom_Party" title="British Freedom Party">British Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Rights" title="British League of Rights">British League of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Alliance" title="Conservative Democratic Alliance">Conservative Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Movement" title="Constitutional Movement">Constitutional Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_First_Party" title="England First Party">England First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Group" title="Flag Group">Flag Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Lads_Alliance" title="Football Lads Alliance">Football Lads Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_GB" title="Liberty GB">Liberty GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1966)" title="National Democratic Party (UK, 1966)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democrats_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Democrats (United Kingdom)">National Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fellowship" title="National Fellowship">National Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Party_(UK)" title="National Independence Party (UK)">National Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(UK,_1957)" title="National Labour Party (UK, 1957)">National Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1976)" title="National Party (UK, 1976)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Alliance" title="Nationalist Alliance">Nationalist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_Party" title="New Britain Party">New Britain Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalist_Party_(UK)" title="New Nationalist Party (UK)">New Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(British_neo-Nazi_organisation)" title="Northern League (British neo-Nazi organisation)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(UK)" title="Patriotic Party (UK)">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Coalition" title="Protestant Coalition">Protestant Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Preservation_Society" title="Racial Preservation Society">Racial Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Conservative_Caucus" title="Revolutionary Conservative Caucus">Revolutionary Conservative Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)"><i>Spearhead</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Country_Party_(United_Kingdom)" title="United Country Party (United Kingdom)">United Country Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Defence_League" title="White Defence League">White Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nationalist_Party" title="White Nationalist Party">White Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Goals_Institute" title="Western Goals Institute">Western Goals Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_far-right_groups_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="List of British far-right groups (1945–present)">Active groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/BNP_Youth" title="BNP Youth">BNP Youth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Council_of_Britain" title="Christian Council of Britain">Christian Council of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> (some members)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Oswald_Mosley" title="Friends of Oswald Mosley">Friends of Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Party_(Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Party (Britain)">Homeland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1999)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1999)">National Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Pie and Mash squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Volunteer_Force" title="Racial Volunteer Force">Racial Volunteer Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#United_Kingdom_(Sonnenkrieg_Division)" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Islamisation_of_Europe" title="Stop Islamisation of Europe">Stop Islamisation of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Britain_Group" title="Traditional Britain Group">Traditional Britain Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sophia_Allen" title="Mary Sophia Allen">Mary Sophia Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Amery" title="John Amery">John Amery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_Beamish" title="Henry Hamilton Beamish">Henry Hamilton Beamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">John Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Russell,_12th_Duke_of_Bedford" title="Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford">Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._D._Blakeney" title="R. B. D. Blakeney">R. B. D. Blakeney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Clarke" title="John Henry Clarke">John Henry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haller_Cooper" title="Thomas Haller Cooper">Thomas Haller Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Domvile" title="Barry Domvile">Barry Domvile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Drummond_Wolff_(Basingstoke_MP)" title="Henry Drummond Wolff (Basingstoke MP)">Henry Drummond Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josslyn_Hay,_22nd_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll">Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Evans-Gordon" title="William Evans-Gordon">William Evans-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Forgan" title="Robert Forgan">Robert Forgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Boyle,_8th_Earl_of_Glasgow" title="Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow">Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Elsdale_Goad" title="Harold Elsdale Goad">Harold Elsdale Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Goodall" title="Reginald Goodall">Reginald Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon-Canning" title="Robert Gordon-Canning">Robert Gordon-Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Greig" title="Louis Greig">Louis Greig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Francis_Hawkins" title="Neil Francis Hawkins">Neil Francis Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">William Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Arnold Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotha_Lintorn-Orman" title="Rotha Lintorn-Orman">Rotha Lintorn-Orman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLardy" title="Frank McLardy">Frank McLardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Unity Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Diana Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cynthia_Mosley" title="Lady Cynthia Mosley">Cynthia Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wallop,_9th_Earl_of_Portsmouth" title="Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth">Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Archibald Maule Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Freeman-Mitford,_2nd_Baron_Redesdale" title="David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale">David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliott_Verdon_Roe" title="Alliott Verdon Roe">Alliott Verdon Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_26th_Baron_de_Clifford" title="Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford">Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Alexander Raven Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Seton_Hutchison" title="Graham Seton Hutchison">Graham Seton Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vivian" title="Herbert Vivian">Herbert Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warburton_(fascist)" title="John Warburton (fascist)">John Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Watts_(fascist)" title="Charlie Watts (fascist)">Charlie Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesta_Helen_Webster" title="Nesta Helen Webster">Nesta Helen Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williamson" title="Henry Williamson">Henry Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde_Winter" title="Ormonde Winter">Ormonde Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Yeats-Brown" title="Francis Yeats-Brown">Francis Yeats-Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Ian Anderson (British politician)">Ian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnbrook" title="Richard Barnbrook">Richard Barnbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._X._Baron" title="A. F. X. Baron">A. F. X. Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larratt_Battersby" title="James Larratt Battersby">James Larratt Battersby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Beackon" title="Derek Beackon">Derek Beackon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood" title="Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood">Jane, Lady Birdwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bowden" title="Jonathan Bowden">Jonathan Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Bonehill-Paine" title="Joshua Bonehill-Paine">Joshua Bonehill-Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brons" title="Andrew Brons">Andrew Brons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bryan" title="Kevin Bryan">Kevin Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckby" title="Jack Buckby">Jack Buckby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Butler" title="Eddy Butler">Eddy Butler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings#David_Copeland" title="1999 London nail bombings">David Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cotterill" title="Mark Cotterill">Mark Cotterill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Darby" title="Simon Darby">Simon Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Ebanks" title="Sharon Ebanks">Sharon Ebanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edmonds" title="Richard Edmonds">Richard Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dowson" title="Jim Dowson">Jim Dowson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fountaine" title="Andrew Fountaine">Andrew Fountaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayda_Fransen" title="Jayda Fransen">Jayda Fransen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Golding" title="Paul Golding">Paul Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hamm" title="Jeffrey Hamm">Jeffrey Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hancock_(publisher)" title="Anthony Hancock (publisher)">Anthony Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Harrington_(activist)" title="Patrick Harrington (activist)">Patrick Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hill_(British_activist)" title="Ray Hill (British activist)">Ray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Holland_(activist)" title="Derek Holland (activist)">Derek Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holmes_(British_politician)" title="Tom Holmes (British politician)">Tom Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hopkins" title="Katie Hopkins">Katie Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huxley-Blythe" title="Peter Huxley-Blythe">Peter Huxley-Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheem_Kassam" title="Raheem Kassam">Raheem Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kemp" title="Arthur Kemp">Arthur Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtagi%C4%87" title="Alex Kurtagić">Alex Kurtagić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingsley_Read" title="John Kingsley Read">John Kingsley Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lake_(English_Defence_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lake (English Defence League)">Alan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lawson_(activist)" title="Richard Lawson (activist)">Richard Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lecomber" title="Tony Lecomber">Tony Lecomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McCalden" title="David McCalden">David McCalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Morrison" title="Eddy Morrison">Eddy Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morse_(British_politician)" title="John Morse (British politician)">John Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Brien_(British_politician)" title="John O'Brien (British politician)">John O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Painter" title="Roy Painter">Roy Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neema_Parvini" title="Neema Parvini">Neema Parvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Roger Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pearce" title="Joseph Pearce">Joseph Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pirie" title="Denis Pirie">Denis Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Quinn_(neo-Nazi)" title="Kevin Quinn (neo-Nazi)">Kevin Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reed_Herbert" title="Anthony Reed Herbert">Anthony Reed Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Relf" title="Robert Relf">Robert Relf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Row" title="Robert Row">Robert Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Smith_(far-right_activist)" title="Kenny Smith (far-right activist)">Kenny Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Troy Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Thompson_(politician)" title="Keith Thompson (politician)">Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Verrall" title="Richard Verrall">Richard Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Walker_(British_politician)" title="Adam Walker (British politician)">Adam Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Waters" title="Anne Marie Waters">Anne Marie Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_West_(politician)" title="Robert West (politician)">Robert West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weston_(politician)" title="Paul Weston (politician)">Paul Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Williamson" title="Graham Williamson">Graham Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wingfield" title="Martin Wingfield">Martin Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graeme_Wood" title="John Graeme Wood">John Graeme Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Fellowship" title="Anglo-German Fellowship">Anglo-German Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fascism">British Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_election_results" title="British National Party election results">British National Party election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_set" title="Cliveden set">Cliveden set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">List of British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)_election_results" title="National Front (UK) election results">National Front election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Maintenance_of_Supplies" title="Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies">Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Soldier" title="Political Soldier">Political Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active notable publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)"><i>Candour</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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