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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British far right political organisation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Greater Britain Movement</div> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyndall (politician)">John Tyndall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyndall (politician)">John Tyndall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1967</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (United Kingdom)">National Front</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Nationalist Centre, <a href="/wiki/Tulse_Hill" title="Tulse Hill">Tulse Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)">Spearhead</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">National Student Front</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British nationalism</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:1px solid ;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Greater Britain Movement</b> was a British <a href="/wiki/Far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right">far right</a> political group formed by <a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tyndall (politician)">John Tyndall</a> in 1964 after he split from <a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(1960s)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement (1960s)">National Socialist Movement</a>. The name of the group was derived from <i>The Greater Britain</i>, a 1932 book by <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Britain_Movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the roots of the split between Tyndall and Jordan was considered to be the marriage of Jordan to <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Françoise Dior</a> – who had previously been romantically involved with Tyndall<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – Tyndall himself stated that the rift between the two men was a consequence of an ideological clash resulting from his rejection of Jordan's endorsement of straight <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> and his own preference for a more 'British' solution.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the split, and during their spell as members of the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a>, Jordan had faced the same criticism from <a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a> with Tyndall increasingly echoing Bean's view. This division led to a showdown at the April 1964 NSM conference when Tyndall demanded that Jordan give control of the movement to him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197746_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197746-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 May 1964, Jordan moved to expel Tyndall from the NSM, although the following day Tyndall claimed that, having taken control of the group, he had expelled Jordan. However, soon afterwards Tyndall gave up his NSM membership and, along with most of the staff from the party's London headquarters, left the group. In August 1964, he announced the formation of the Greater Britain Movement and began publishing its magazine, <i><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)">Spearhead</a></i>, a name taken from the NSM's largely failed attempt to set up a paramilitary wing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197746–47_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197746–47-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GBM also gained the support of James McIntyre's National Student Front which until that time had been loyal to the NSM.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tyndall would later claim that he had formed the GBM merely as a stopgap to keep his supporters united, stating that he felt, even in 1964, that their future lay in working more closely with other similar groups.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policies">Policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Britain_Movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first issue of <i>Spearhead</i> stated that the new movement would adhere "without fear and without compromise to every tenet of the national socialist creed" albeit "in a manner more in touch with British affairs and much more in touch with British interests and aims".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However whilst leader of the GBM, Tyndall wrote his <i>Six Principles of British Nationalism</i> in which he broke from the Nazism of Jordan, and called for a parliamentary strategy towards a government that would be <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">corporatist</a>, racialist, and based on the principle of leadership. This state would be ratified by regular referendums, although <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a> would be brought to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new movement also advocated laws banning marriage between people of different races and the use of medical procedures to prevent those with "hereditary defects" from having children: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For the protection of British blood, racial laws will be enacted forbidding marriage between Britons and non-Aryans. Medical measures will be taken to prevent procreation on the part of all those who have hereditary defects, either racial, mental, or physical. A pure, strong, healthy British race will be regarded as the principal guarantee of Britain's future.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197747_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197747-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Tyndall's ideas have been characterised as an attempt to construct a specifically British national socialism, rather than following Jordan's route of simply transplanting the German version.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such was Tyndall's desire to forge a specifically British form of Nazism that he was characterised by Jordan and other critics as a "<a href="/wiki/John_Bull" title="John Bull">John Bull</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jackboot" title="Jackboot">jackboots</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Britain_Movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GBM did not contest any elections and rather became known for publicity stunts and criminal acts. An example of the sort of action they were fond of was provided soon after the group was formed when Tyndall's deputy <a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a> attempted to assault <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">President of Kenya</a> <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a>, a headline-grabbing stunt that also saw Webster serve a short spell in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-Boothroyd94_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boothroyd94-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tyndall had also been present at the incident, which took place as Kenyatta exited a hotel in London at which he was staying, and Tyndall was given a £25 fine for the abuse he shouted into a megaphone during the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197771_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197771-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GBM's policy of provocative street activity meant that it faced frequent opposition. A meeting in the East End of London on 4 October 1964 was attacked by opponents, as was another in <a href="/wiki/Dalston" title="Dalston">Dalston</a> the following October whilst earlier, in August 1965, Tyndall had been shot at five times whilst in the group's headquarters in <a href="/wiki/West_Norwood" title="West Norwood">Norwood</a>. The group's main benefactor was an antiques dealer named Gordon Brown and in late 1966 he gave Tyndall the funds to purchase a small shop in <a href="/wiki/Tulse_Hill" title="Tulse Hill">Tulse Hill</a> which Tyndall converted into the Nationalist Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197772_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197772-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The centre welcomed regular visitors from the BNP and <a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a> although, according to the BNP's Rodney Legg, some of the older LEL members were appalled by the Nazi ephemera and loaded guns on display.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197773_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197773-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1965, Tyndall had attempted to make the GBM the leading lights in the <a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a> but after getting in touch with the American Nazi leader <a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a> Tyndall was dismayed to find that Jordan was still recognised as leader of the body and that the NSM was still the British chapter. The incident helped to push the GBM further away from the neo-Nazi fringe and towards the other groups on the far-right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197761_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197761-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Removed from the Nazi option and with the GBM individually failing to make much headway or attract much support, Tyndall authorised GBM members to support the campaigns of both the BNP and the LEL as well as the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(UK)" title="Patriotic Party (UK)">Patriotic Party</a> in March 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197762_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197762-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a> Tyndall wrote personally to <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>, <a href="/wiki/A.K._Chesterton" class="mw-redirect" title="A.K. Chesterton">A.K. Chesterton</a> and Bean around the same time suggesting that as their four movements had been co-operating unofficially on activities in support of <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> a more formal alliance between the GBM, <a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a>, LEL and BNP should be agreed upon. Nothing came of these overtures however.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Tyndall had not abandoned his attempts to build links internationally and instead forged an alliance between the GBM and the <a href="/wiki/National_States_Rights_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National States Rights Party">National States Rights Party</a>, a far-right group in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that had grown critical of Rockwell and the <a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GBM, however, remained one of the more extreme groups on the far right as was evidenced in 1966 when a number of members were imprisoned for an <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a> attack on a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>, with Tyndall later also jailed for possession of a firearm.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incidents derailed the GBM's drive for unity somewhat as LEL leader A.K. Chesterton was averse to such actions, preferring to maintain a legalist approach.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197762_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197762-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the GBM undertook negotiations with the BNP and the <a href="/wiki/Racial_Preservation_Society" title="Racial Preservation Society">Racial Preservation Society</a> in early 1966 aimed at effecting a closer union but these came to nothing, with the RPS in particular turning the request down flat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197763_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197763-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Towards_merger">Towards merger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Britain_Movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Towards merger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the summer of 1966 Tyndall and his movement grew close to A.K. Chesterton and the two soon agreed that the hefty defeat inflicted on the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966 general election</a> had opened up space for a new far right party with Tyndall arguing in <i>Spearhead</i> that there was "no longer any great political force representative of patriotic right-wing principles".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197758_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197758-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chesterton was impressed by the organisational skills demonstrated by Tyndall in the GBM, although he was also suspicious of his Nazi past whilst <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fountaine" title="Andrew Fountaine">Andrew Fountaine</a> was opposed to any GBM membership, and so they did not invite GBM to join the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="British National Front">National Front</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Boothroyd94_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boothroyd94-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first issue of <i>Combat</i>, the organ of the British National Party, to be published following the formation of the National Front (which had absorbed the British National Party) specifically stated that the GBM "would not be coming into the new movement and ... their past utterances on anti-Semitism and pro-Nazism would certainly not be a part of National Front policy".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, before the year was out Chesterton relented and allowed the GBM to join the NF 'on probation', leading to the GBM ceasing to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June of that year Tyndall told the GBM membership, which at that point stood at 138, that the movement was disbanded and that they should join the National Front as individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197768_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197768-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Britain_Movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Boothroyd, <i><a href="/wiki/Politico%27s_Guide_to_the_History_of_British_Political_Parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico's Guide to the History of British Political Parties">Politico's Guide to the History of British Political Parties</a></i>, London: Politico's, 2001, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Taylor <i>The National Front in English Politics</i>, London: Macmillan, 1982, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, <i>The National Front in English Politics</i>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197746-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197746_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197746–47-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197746–47_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, <i>Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century</i>, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Tyndall, <i>The Eleventh Hour</i>, Welling: Albion Press, undated, p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hill_(British_activist)" title="Ray Hill (British activist)">Ray Hill</a> & Andrew Bell, <i>The Other Face of Terror</i>, London: Grafton Books, 1988, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Tyndall, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aryanunity.com/sixprincip.html"><i>The Six Principles of British Nationalism</i></a>, 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197747-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197747_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Goodrick-Clarke" title="Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke">Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Sun_(Goodrick-Clarke_book)" title="Black Sun (Goodrick-Clarke book)">Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity</a></i>, New York University Press, 2003, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyprian Blamires, <i>World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i>, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 289</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boothroyd94-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boothroyd94_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boothroyd94_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boothroyd, <i>The Politico's Guide to the History of British Political Parties</i>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197771-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197771_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197772-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197772_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197773-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197773_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197761-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197761_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197762-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197762_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197762_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a>, <i>Many Shades of Black - Inside Britain's Far Right</i>, London: New Millennium, 1999, p. 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Thurlow, <i>Fascism in Britain A History, 1918-1985</i>, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987, p. 269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197763-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197763_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197758-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197758_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Billig, <i>A Social Psychological View of the National Front</i>, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978, p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Copsey, <i>Contemporary British Fascism</i>, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker197768-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker197768_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1977">Walker 1977</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt> <dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWalker1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Walker_(reporter)" title="Martin Walker (reporter)">Walker, Martin</a> (1977). <i>The National Front</i>. London: Fontana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-634824-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-634824-5"><bdi>978-0-00-634824-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Front&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fontana&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-00-634824-5&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Britain+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_far_right" title="Template:UK far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_far_right" title="Template talk:UK far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Far-right politics in the United Kingdom">Far-right politics in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Brothers%27_League" title="British Brothers' League">British Brothers' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascists" title="British Fascists">British Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(1939)" title="British People's Party (1939)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_Publishing_Society" title="Britons Publishing Society">Britons Publishing Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Array" title="English Array">English Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Mistery" title="English Mistery">English Mistery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_Christian_Patriots" title="Militant Christian Patriots">Militant Christian Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1917)" title="National Party (UK, 1917)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(1979)" title="British Democratic Party (1979)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Party" title="British Empire Party">British Empire Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freedom_Party" title="British Freedom Party">British Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Rights" title="British League of Rights">British League of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Alliance" title="Conservative Democratic Alliance">Conservative Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Movement" title="Constitutional Movement">Constitutional Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_First_Party" title="England First Party">England First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Group" title="Flag Group">Flag Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Lads_Alliance" title="Football Lads Alliance">Football Lads Alliance</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_GB" title="Liberty GB">Liberty GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1966)" title="National Democratic Party (UK, 1966)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democrats_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Democrats (United Kingdom)">National Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fellowship" title="National Fellowship">National Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Party_(UK)" title="National Independence Party (UK)">National Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(UK,_1957)" title="National Labour Party (UK, 1957)">National Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1976)" title="National Party (UK, 1976)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Alliance" title="Nationalist Alliance">Nationalist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_Party" title="New Britain Party">New Britain Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalist_Party_(UK)" title="New Nationalist Party (UK)">New Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(British_neo-Nazi_organisation)" title="Northern League (British neo-Nazi organisation)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(UK)" title="Patriotic Party (UK)">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Preservation_Society" title="Racial Preservation Society">Racial Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Conservative_Caucus" title="Revolutionary Conservative Caucus">Revolutionary Conservative Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)"><i>Spearhead</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Country_Party_(United_Kingdom)" title="United Country Party (United Kingdom)">United Country Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Defence_League" title="White Defence League">White Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nationalist_Party" title="White Nationalist Party">White Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Goals_Institute" title="Western Goals Institute">Western Goals Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_far-right_groups_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="List of British far-right groups (1945–present)">Active groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/BNP_Youth" title="BNP Youth">BNP Youth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Council_of_Britain" title="Christian Council of Britain">Christian Council of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> (some members)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Oswald_Mosley" title="Friends of Oswald Mosley">Friends of Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Party_(Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Party (Britain)">Homeland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1999)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1999)">National Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Coalition" title="Protestant Coalition">Protestant Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Pie and Mash squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Volunteer_Force" title="Racial Volunteer Force">Racial Volunteer Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#United_Kingdom_(Sonnenkrieg_Division)" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Islamisation_of_Europe" title="Stop Islamisation of Europe">Stop Islamisation of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Britain_Group" title="Traditional Britain Group">Traditional Britain Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sophia_Allen" title="Mary Sophia Allen">Mary Sophia Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Amery" title="John Amery">John Amery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_Beamish" title="Henry Hamilton Beamish">Henry Hamilton Beamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">John Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Russell,_12th_Duke_of_Bedford" title="Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford">Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._D._Blakeney" title="R. B. D. Blakeney">R. B. D. Blakeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Clarke" title="John Henry Clarke">John Henry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haller_Cooper" title="Thomas Haller Cooper">Thomas Haller Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Domvile" title="Barry Domvile">Barry Domvile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Drummond_Wolff_(Basingstoke_MP)" title="Henry Drummond Wolff (Basingstoke MP)">Henry Drummond Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josslyn_Hay,_22nd_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll">Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Evans-Gordon" title="William Evans-Gordon">William Evans-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Forgan" title="Robert Forgan">Robert Forgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Boyle,_8th_Earl_of_Glasgow" title="Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow">Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Elsdale_Goad" title="Harold Elsdale Goad">Harold Elsdale Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Goodall" title="Reginald Goodall">Reginald Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon-Canning" title="Robert Gordon-Canning">Robert Gordon-Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Greig" title="Louis Greig">Louis Greig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Francis_Hawkins" title="Neil Francis Hawkins">Neil Francis Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">William Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Arnold Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotha_Lintorn-Orman" title="Rotha Lintorn-Orman">Rotha Lintorn-Orman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLardy" title="Frank McLardy">Frank McLardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Unity Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Diana Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cynthia_Mosley" title="Lady Cynthia Mosley">Cynthia Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wallop,_9th_Earl_of_Portsmouth" title="Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth">Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Archibald Maule Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mitford,_2nd_Baron_Redesdale" title="David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale">David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliott_Verdon_Roe" title="Alliott Verdon Roe">Alliott Verdon Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_26th_Baron_de_Clifford" title="Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford">Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Alexander Raven Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Seton_Hutchison" title="Graham Seton Hutchison">Graham Seton Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vivian" title="Herbert Vivian">Herbert Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warburton_(fascist)" title="John Warburton (fascist)">John Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Watts_(fascist)" title="Charlie Watts (fascist)">Charlie Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesta_Helen_Webster" title="Nesta Helen Webster">Nesta Helen Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williamson" title="Henry Williamson">Henry Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde_Winter" title="Ormonde Winter">Ormonde Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Yeats-Brown" title="Francis Yeats-Brown">Francis Yeats-Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Ian Anderson (British politician)">Ian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnbrook" title="Richard Barnbrook">Richard Barnbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._X._Baron" title="A. F. X. Baron">A. F. X. Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larratt_Battersby" title="James Larratt Battersby">James Larratt Battersby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Beackon" title="Derek Beackon">Derek Beackon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood" title="Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood">Jane, Lady Birdwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bowden" title="Jonathan Bowden">Jonathan Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brons" title="Andrew Brons">Andrew Brons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bryan" title="Kevin Bryan">Kevin Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckby" title="Jack Buckby">Jack Buckby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Butler" title="Eddy Butler">Eddy Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings#David_Copeland" title="1999 London nail bombings">David Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cotterill" title="Mark Cotterill">Mark Cotterill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Darby" title="Simon Darby">Simon Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Ebanks" title="Sharon Ebanks">Sharon Ebanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edmonds" title="Richard Edmonds">Richard Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dowson" title="Jim Dowson">Jim Dowson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fountaine" title="Andrew Fountaine">Andrew Fountaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayda_Fransen" title="Jayda Fransen">Jayda Fransen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Golding" title="Paul Golding">Paul Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hamm" title="Jeffrey Hamm">Jeffrey Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hancock_(publisher)" title="Anthony Hancock (publisher)">Anthony Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Harrington_(activist)" title="Patrick Harrington (activist)">Patrick Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hill_(British_activist)" title="Ray Hill (British activist)">Ray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Holland_(activist)" title="Derek Holland (activist)">Derek Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holmes_(British_politician)" title="Tom Holmes (British politician)">Tom Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hopkins" title="Katie Hopkins">Katie Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huxley-Blythe" title="Peter Huxley-Blythe">Peter Huxley-Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheem_Kassam" title="Raheem Kassam">Raheem Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kemp" title="Arthur Kemp">Arthur Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtagi%C4%87" title="Alex Kurtagić">Alex Kurtagić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingsley_Read" title="John Kingsley Read">John Kingsley Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lake_(English_Defence_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lake (English Defence League)">Alan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lawson_(activist)" title="Richard Lawson (activist)">Richard Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lecomber" title="Tony Lecomber">Tony Lecomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Morrison" title="Eddy Morrison">Eddy Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morse_(British_politician)" title="John Morse (British politician)">John Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Brien_(British_politician)" title="John O'Brien (British politician)">John O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Painter" title="Roy Painter">Roy Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neema_Parvini" title="Neema Parvini">Neema Parvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Roger Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pirie" title="Denis Pirie">Denis Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Quinn_(neo-Nazi)" title="Kevin Quinn (neo-Nazi)">Kevin Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reed_Herbert" title="Anthony Reed Herbert">Anthony Reed Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Relf" title="Robert Relf">Robert Relf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Row" title="Robert Row">Robert Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Smith_(far-right_activist)" title="Kenny Smith (far-right activist)">Kenny Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Troy Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Thompson_(politician)" title="Keith Thompson (politician)">Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Verrall" title="Richard Verrall">Richard Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Walker_(British_politician)" title="Adam Walker (British politician)">Adam Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Waters" title="Anne Marie Waters">Anne Marie Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_West_(politician)" title="Robert West (politician)">Robert West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weston_(politician)" title="Paul Weston (politician)">Paul Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Williamson" title="Graham Williamson">Graham Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wingfield" title="Martin Wingfield">Martin Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graeme_Wood" title="John Graeme Wood">John Graeme Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Fellowship" title="Anglo-German Fellowship">Anglo-German Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fascism">British Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_election_results" title="British National Party election results">British National Party election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_set" title="Cliveden set">Cliveden set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">List of British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)_election_results" title="National Front (UK) election results">National Front election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Maintenance_of_Supplies" title="Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies">Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Soldier" title="Political Soldier">Political Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active notable publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)"><i>Candour</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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