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Taweret - Wikipedia

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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outside_of_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_of_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Outside of Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_of_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Crete" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Crete"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Ancient Crete</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Crete-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Nubia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Nubia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>In Nubia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Nubia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phoenicia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phoenicia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Phoenicia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phoenicia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taweret</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="إيبت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيبت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4" title="তাওয়েরেত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাওয়েরেত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%82" title="Таўрт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Таўрт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Таурт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Таурт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_personatges_de_la_mitologia_eg%C3%ADpcia#T" title="Llista de personatges de la mitologia egípcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de personatges de la mitologia egípcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Таурт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Таурт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tveret" title="Tveret – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tveret" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thueris" title="Thueris – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thueris" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Θουέρις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θουέρις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tueris" title="Tueris – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tueris" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavereta" title="Tavereta – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tavereta" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tueris" title="Tueris – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tueris" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="تاورت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taouret" title="Taouret – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taouret" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%99%80%EB%A0%88%ED%8A%B8" title="타와레트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타와레트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Տաուրտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տաուրտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawaret" title="Tawaret – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tawaret" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tueret" title="Tueret – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tueret" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="תאורת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תאורת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavaret" title="Tavaret – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tavaret" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Таварет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Таварет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ტაურტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტაურტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="تاورت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تاورت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AC%E3%83%88" title="タウエレト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タウエレト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thueris" title="Thueris – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thueris" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoret" title="Taoret – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taoret" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurt" title="Taurt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Taurt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawaret" title="Tawaret – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tawaret" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C3%A9ris" title="Tuéris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tuéris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Таурт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таурт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawaret" title="Tawaret – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tawaret" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tueret" title="Tueret – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tueret" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taveret" title="Taveret – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Taveret" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Таурет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Таурет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taueret" title="Taueret – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taueret" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taweret" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Таурт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таурт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="تاورت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاورت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #DECD87;">Taweret</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Taweret.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Taweret.svg/220px-Taweret.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Taweret.svg/330px-Taweret.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Taweret.svg/440px-Taweret.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="590" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The goddess Taweret, portrayed as a <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedal</a> <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamus</a> with limbs like those of a feline. Her hand rests on the <i><a href="/wiki/Sa_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa (hieroglyph)">sa</a></i> sign, 𓎃, a hieroglyph that means 'protection' or 'lifesaver'.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G1.png?4d556" height="38" title="G1" alt="G1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G36.png?39a4f" height="25" title="G36" alt="G36" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21" alt="D21" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I12.png?06eaa" height="38" title="I12" alt="I12" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult center</th><td class="infobox-data">Not applicable; Taweret was a <a href="/wiki/Household_deity" title="Household deity">household deity</a> worshipped throughout Egypt.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">the <a href="/wiki/Sa_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa (hieroglyph)">sa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> <a href="/wiki/Dagger" title="Dagger">dagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion"><span class="nowrap">Ancient Egyptian</span> religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eye of Horus"><img alt="Eye of Horus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/90px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/135px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/180px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Egyptian_mythology_articles" title="Index of Egyptian mythology articles">Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_burial_customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian burial customs">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offerings" title="Ancient Egyptian offerings">Offerings</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramids" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramids">Pyramids</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian pantheon">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauhet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauhet">Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauket">Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naunet" class="mw-redirect" title="Naunet">Naunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>A</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apt_(Egyptian)" title="Apt (Egyptian)">Apt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li></ul> <p><b>B</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li></ul> <p><b>C</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities</a></li></ul> <p><b>D</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau (god)</a></li></ul> <p><b>F</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Four sons of Horus</a></li></ul> <p><b>G</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities</a></li></ul> <p><b>H</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li></ul> <p><b>I</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li></ul> <p><b>K</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li></ul> <p><b>M</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medjed (god)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li></ul> <p><b>N</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li></ul> <p><b>P</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li></ul> <p><b>Q</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li></ul> <p><b>R</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li></ul> <p><b>S</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li></ul> <p><b>T</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li></ul> <p><b>U</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li></ul> <p><b>W</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols and objects</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atet" class="mw-redirect" title="Atet">Atet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Thoth" title="Book of Thoth">Book of Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartouche (hieroglyph)">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matet_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Matet boat">Matet boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqtet_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seqtet boat">Seqtet boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Set animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_winged_sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_texts" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary texts">Funerary texts</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemeticism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Most_High_Goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Most High Goddess">Church of the Most High Goddess</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:transparent;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/16px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/24px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/32px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt&#32;portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Template:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_schmuela_-_Taweret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flickr_-_schmuela_-_Taweret.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_schmuela_-_Taweret.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flickr_-_schmuela_-_Taweret.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_schmuela_-_Taweret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flickr_-_schmuela_-_Taweret.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_schmuela_-_Taweret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Images of protective deities like Taweret and <a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a> were placed on the outer walls of Ptolemaic temples in order to keep evil forces at bay. <a href="/wiki/Edfu" title="Edfu">Edfu</a>, Egypt.</figcaption></figure><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a>, <b>Taweret</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <i lang="egy">tꜣ-wrt</i>, also spelled <b>Taurt</b>, <b>Tuat</b>, <b>Tuart</b>, <b>Ta-weret</b>, <b>Tawaret</b>, <b>Twert</b> and <b>Taueret</b>, and in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Θουέρις</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Thouéris</i></span>, <b>Thoeris</b>, <b>Taouris</b> and <b>Toeris</b>) is the protective <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">goddess</a> of childbirth and fertility. The name "Taweret" means "she who is great" or simply "great one", a common pacificatory address to dangerous deities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The deity is typically depicted as a <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedal</a> female <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamus</a> with feline attributes, pendulous female human breasts, the limbs and paws of a lion, and the back and tail of a <a href="/wiki/Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Nile crocodile</a>. She commonly bears the epithets "Lady of Heaven", "Mistress of the Horizon", "She Who Removes Water", "Mistress of Pure Water", and "Lady of the Birth House".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_development">History and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological evidence demonstrates that <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamuses</a> inhabited the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> well before the dawn of <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a> (before 3000 BCE). The violent and aggressive behavior of these creatures intrigued the people that inhabited the region, leading the ancient Egyptians both to persecute and to venerate them. From a very early age, male hippopotamuses were thought to be manifestations of chaos; consequently, they were overcome in royal hunting campaigns, intended to demonstrate the divine power of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, female hippopotamuses were revered as manifestations of <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Apotropaic">apotropaic</a> deities, as they assiduously protect their young from harm. Protective <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulets</a> bearing the likenesses of female hippopotamuses have been found dating as far back as the Predynastic period (c. 3000–2686 BCE). The tradition of making and wearing these amulets continued throughout the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt" title="History of Egypt">history of Egypt</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Roman period</a> (c. 332 BCE – 390 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuette_of_the_Goddess_Taweret_MET_DP243443.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Statuette_of_the_Goddess_Taweret_MET_DP243443.jpg/220px-Statuette_of_the_Goddess_Taweret_MET_DP243443.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Statuette_of_the_Goddess_Taweret_MET_DP243443.jpg/330px-Statuette_of_the_Goddess_Taweret_MET_DP243443.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Statuette_of_the_Goddess_Taweret_MET_DP243443.jpg/440px-Statuette_of_the_Goddess_Taweret_MET_DP243443.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3001" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Faience statuette of Taweret, her hands resting on the sa.</figcaption></figure> <p>From her ideological conception, Taweret was closely grouped with (and is often indistinguishable from) several other protective hippopotamus goddesses: <a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipet</a>, Reret, and Hedjet. Some scholars even interpret these goddesses as aspects of the same deity, considering their universally shared role as protective <a href="/wiki/Household_deity" title="Household deity">household goddesses</a>. The other hippopotamus goddesses have names that bear very specific meanings, much like Taweret (whose name is formed as a pacificatory address intended to calm the ferocity of the goddess): Ipet's name ("the Nurse") demonstrates her connection to birth, child rearing, and general caretaking, and Reret's name ("the Sow") is derived from the Egyptians' classification of hippopotami as water pigs. However, the origin of Hedjet's name ("the White One") is not as clear and could justly be debated.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Evidence for the cult of hippopotamus goddesses exists from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a> (c. 2686 – 2181 BCE) in the corpus of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_texts" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary texts">ancient Egyptian funerary texts</a> entitled the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a>. Spell 269 in the <i>Pyramid Texts</i> mentions Ipet and succinctly demonstrates her nurturing role; the spell announces that the deceased king will suck on the goddess's "white, dazzling, sweet milk" when he ascends to the heavens.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As maternal deities, these goddesses served to nurture and protect the Egyptian people, both royal (as seen in the Pyramid Texts) and non-royal. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WLA_brooklynmuseum_Hippo_ca_1938-1539_BCE_Faience_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Hippo_ca_1938-1539_BCE_Faience_1.jpg/220px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Hippo_ca_1938-1539_BCE_Faience_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Hippo_ca_1938-1539_BCE_Faience_1.jpg/330px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Hippo_ca_1938-1539_BCE_Faience_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Hippo_ca_1938-1539_BCE_Faience_1.jpg/440px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Hippo_ca_1938-1539_BCE_Faience_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_faience" title="Egyptian faience">Faience</a> hippopotamus statuettes like this one were placed in <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tombs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temples</a> to help the deceased be successfully reborn into the afterlife. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>It was not until the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom of Egypt</a> (c. 2055–1650 BCE) that Taweret became featured more prominently as a figure of religious devotion. Her image adorns <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">magical</a> objects, the most notable of which being a common type of "wand" or "knife" carved from hippopotamus ivory that was likely used in rituals associated with birth and the protection of infants. Similar images appear also on children's feeding cups, once again demonstrating Taweret's integral role as the patron goddess of child rearing.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Quite contrarily, she also took on the role of a funerary deity in this period, evidenced by the commonplace practice of placing hippopotami decorated with marsh flora in <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tombs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temples</a>. Some scholars believe that this practice demonstrates that hippopotamus goddesses facilitated the process of rebirth after death, just as they aided in earthly births. These statues, then, assisted the deceased's passing into the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinch_142-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taweret-AF_2346-IMG_8029-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taweret-AF_2346-IMG_8029-gradient.jpg/220px-Taweret-AF_2346-IMG_8029-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taweret-AF_2346-IMG_8029-gradient.jpg/330px-Taweret-AF_2346-IMG_8029-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Taweret-AF_2346-IMG_8029-gradient.jpg/440px-Taweret-AF_2346-IMG_8029-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Faience amulet depicting Taweret, Late Period (c. 600-400 BCE), held in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the rise of popular piety in the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> (c. 1550–1069 BCE), household deities like Taweret gained even more importance. Taweret's image has been found on an array of household objects, demonstrating her central role in the home. In fact, such objects were even found at <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a> from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> (c. 1352–1336 BCE), a <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a> who reorganized <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> religion focused on the worship of the sun disc, called the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. The worship of many traditional gods was proscribed during this period, so Taweret's survival in the artistic corpus found at the Aten's capital demonstrates her overwhelming significance in daily life.<sup id="cite_ref-H-W_352_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H-W_352-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In this time period, her role as a funerary deity was strengthened, as her powers became considered not only life-giving, but regenerative as well. Various myths demonstrate her role in facilitating the afterlives of the deceased as the nurturing and purifying "Mistress of Pure Water".<sup id="cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinch_142-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, Taweret and her fellow hippopotamus goddesses of fertility should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a>, another composite hippopotamus goddess who gained prominence in the New Kingdom. Ammit was responsible for devouring the unjust before passing into the afterlife. Unlike Ammit, the other hippopotamus goddesses were responsible for nourishment and aid, not destruction. </p><p>In the Ptolemaic and Roman periods (c. 332 BCE – 390 CE), Taweret maintained a central role in daily Egyptian life. In either the latter half of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a> (c. 664–332 BCE) or the early Ptolemaic period, a temple dedicated to Ipet was built at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>. This enigmatic temple was thought to witness the daily birth of the sun god from the hippopotamus goddesses that dwelled there. The sun god (<a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>-Re) was conceived of as having multiple divine mothers, and by this later period in Egyptian history, Taweret and the other hippopotamus goddesses were included in this body of solar mothers.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinch_142-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Taweret's image also appeared on the outside of temples dedicated to other deities due to her <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Apotropaic">apotropaic</a> ability to ward off malevolent forces.<sup id="cite_ref-H-W_352_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H-W_352-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Outside of temple settings, the household cult of the goddesses remained strong, and amulets bearing their likenesses peaked in popularity during these years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_of_Egypt">Outside of Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Outside of Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taweret developed a significant cult outside of Egypt as well. In the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650 BCE), economic and minimal political contact with the <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiatic</a> cultures of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> led to the exchange of ideologies. Taweret was adopted into Levantine religions, serving the same maternal role in these foreign pantheons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_Crete">Ancient Crete</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient Crete"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to communication between Levantine coastal towns and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> localities, Taweret also became an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Minoan_religion" title="Minoan religion">Minoan religion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, where it is known as the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_Genius" title="Minoan Genius">Minoan Genius</a>. </p><p>Like in Egypt, her image was featured most prominently on protective amulets. However, this image was altered slightly from the Egyptian one, as she was folded into the corpus of Minoan <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> in an artistic style that was congruent with other Minoan images. From Crete, this image spread to <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece#Mainland" title="Geography of Greece">mainland Greece</a>, where the goddess was featured in palatine art in <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Nubia">In Nubia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: In Nubia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawaret_figurine_(Boston_MFA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tawaret_figurine_%28Boston_MFA%29.jpg/170px-Tawaret_figurine_%28Boston_MFA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tawaret_figurine_%28Boston_MFA%29.jpg/255px-Tawaret_figurine_%28Boston_MFA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tawaret_figurine_%28Boston_MFA%29.jpg/340px-Tawaret_figurine_%28Boston_MFA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>This clay statuette of Taweret was found in a foundation deposit under the enclosure wall of the pyramid of the <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubian</a> King <a href="/wiki/Anlamani" title="Anlamani">Anlamani</a> (c. 623–595 BCE). <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The goddess was also adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubians</a>, the empire that lay directly south of Egypt in what is now <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>. Like her Minoan counterpart, the Nubian Taweret became a part of the Nubian pantheon in the late Middle Kingdom of Egypt. She was evidently featured in royal rituals at <a href="/wiki/Kerma" title="Kerma">Kerma</a>, the capital of the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-wengrow2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wengrow2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Phoenicia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a connection to the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> goddess of pregnancy <a href="/wiki/Dea_Gravida" title="Dea Gravida">Dea Gravida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Australian_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_mythology">In mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: In mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Ipet (aka Apet or Aptet) is mentioned in the Old Kingdom Pyramid Texts, and Taweret is seen frequently on Middle Kingdom ritual objects, hippopotamus goddesses did not gain a significant role in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Egyptian mythology</a> until the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1069 BCE). Taweret is featured in some versions of a popular and widespread myth in which the <a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a> becomes angry with her father and retreats to Nubia in the form of a lioness. Upon the Eye of Ra's eventual return to Egypt, she assumes the form of a hippopotamus (presumably Taweret) and consequently brings the <a href="/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile" title="Flooding of the Nile">flooding of the Nile</a>. This myth demonstrates Taweret's primary function as a goddess of fertility and rejuvenation. Some scholars feel that her role in the Nile inundation is one of the reasons she was given the epithet "Mistress of Pure Water". However, her similar role in the rejuvenation of the dead also cannot be overlooked with regards to this epithet – just as she provided life for the living through physical birth and the inundation, she also cleansed and purified the dead so they could pass safely into the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_(KV.17)_(Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois,_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest)_-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg/220px-La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg/330px-La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg/440px-La_tombe_de_Sethi_1er_%28KV.17%29_%28Vall%C3%A9e_des_Rois%2C_Th%C3%A8bes_ouest%29_-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the astronomical ceiling in the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Seti_I" title="Tomb of Seti I">tomb of Seti I</a>. A celestial form of Taweret can be seen in the far right.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astronomical_Ceiling,_Tomb_of_Senenmut_MET_DT207429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Astronomical_Ceiling%2C_Tomb_of_Senenmut_MET_DT207429.jpg/220px-Astronomical_Ceiling%2C_Tomb_of_Senenmut_MET_DT207429.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Astronomical_Ceiling%2C_Tomb_of_Senenmut_MET_DT207429.jpg/330px-Astronomical_Ceiling%2C_Tomb_of_Senenmut_MET_DT207429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Astronomical_Ceiling%2C_Tomb_of_Senenmut_MET_DT207429.jpg/440px-Astronomical_Ceiling%2C_Tomb_of_Senenmut_MET_DT207429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2913" data-file-height="3722" /></a><figcaption>This image (c. 1463 BCE) shows the <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_ceiling_of_Senemut_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical ceiling of Senemut Tomb">astronomical ceiling of Senemut's tomb</a>. A celestial form of Taweret can be seen towards the bottom in the center.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the New Kingdom Taweret's image was frequently used to represent a northern constellation in zodiacs. This image is attested in several astronomical tomb paintings, including the Theban tombs of Tharwas (tomb 353), <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>'s famed advisor <a href="/wiki/Senenmut" title="Senenmut">Senenmut</a> (tomb 232), and the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> (KV17) in the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Kings" title="Valley of the Kings">Valley of the Kings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-H-W_352_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H-W_352-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The image of this astral Taweret appears almost exclusively next to the <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Setian</a> foreleg of a bull. The latter image represents the <a href="/wiki/Big_Dipper" title="Big Dipper">Big Dipper</a> and is associated with the Egyptian god of chaos, Seth. The relationship between the two images is discussed in the <i>Book of Day and Night</i> (a cosmically focused mythological text from the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a>, c. 1186–1069 BCE) as follows: "As to this foreleg of Seth, it is in the northern sky, tied down to two mooring posts of flint by a chain of gold. It is entrusted to <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> as a hippopotamus guarding it."<sup id="cite_ref-parker1974_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parker1974-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Although the hippopotamus goddess is identified in this text as Isis, not Taweret, this phenomenon is not uncommon in later periods of Egyptian history. When assuming a protective role, powerful goddesses like Isis, <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a> assumed the form of Taweret, effectively becoming a manifestation of this goddess. Likewise, Taweret gradually absorbed qualities of these goddesses and is commonly seen wearing the Hathoric sun disc that is <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconographically</a> associated with both Hathor and Isis.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinch_142-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>This cosmic image continues to be seen in later periods, although the tendency was to show such divine astral bodies more abstractly. One example can be found in the late Ptolemaic or early Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Faiyum" title="Book of the Faiyum">Book of the Faiyum</a></i>, a local <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monograph</a> dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Faiyum" title="Faiyum">Faiyum</a> and its patron gods, namely <a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Re</a>. Taweret is depicted in her standard form with a crocodile on her back and a small upright crocodile in her right hand. She is shown in the section of the papyrus that is meant to depict the Faiyum's central <a href="/wiki/Lake_Moeris" title="Lake Moeris">Lake Moeris</a>. The papyrus depicts the solar journey of Re with Lake Moeris as the place into which the sun god descends for his nightly journey, traditionally thought of as the underworldly realm of the <a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a>. Taweret appears here as a well known constellation to demonstrate the celestial and otherworldly properties of Lake Moeris. She also serves as a fine protective divine mother to Sobek-Re during his precarious journey. In this respect, she fulfills the role of <a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a>, the primary divine mother of Sobek. This Taweret figure is labeled as "Neith the Great, who protects her son", demonstrating the malleability of the hippopotamus goddess form. When in the role of a protective mother, it is not uncommon that other goddesses would appear in the form of Taweret.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taweret was featured in other myths as well during these later periods. In the famed <a href="/wiki/Metternich_Stela" title="Metternich Stela">Metternich Stela</a>, Isis tells <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> that he was reared by a "sow and a dwarf", almost certainly referring to Taweret and her fellow <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Apotropaic">apotropaic</a> demon-god <a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a>, respectively. Although the date of this stela is relatively late, the central role of Taweret in the successful raising of children is still being stressed, showing the continuity of her character. She is also mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>'s notes on the central myth of Isis and <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>. She joined the forces of order and helped Horus to defeat Set.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_art">In art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Taweret_-_Walters_481539_-_Three_Quarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Egyptian_-_Taweret_-_Walters_481539_-_Three_Quarter.jpg/220px-Egyptian_-_Taweret_-_Walters_481539_-_Three_Quarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Egyptian_-_Taweret_-_Walters_481539_-_Three_Quarter.jpg/330px-Egyptian_-_Taweret_-_Walters_481539_-_Three_Quarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Egyptian_-_Taweret_-_Walters_481539_-_Three_Quarter.jpg/440px-Egyptian_-_Taweret_-_Walters_481539_-_Three_Quarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Faience" title="Faience">faience</a> vessel from the early Ptolemaic period (4th century BCE) is molded in the form of Taweret and was perhaps used to ritually cleanse liquid. <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a>, Baltimore.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Taweret_Florence.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stele_Taweret_Florence.JPG/220px-Stele_Taweret_Florence.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stele_Taweret_Florence.JPG/330px-Stele_Taweret_Florence.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stele_Taweret_Florence.JPG/440px-Stele_Taweret_Florence.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption>Limestone fragment of a stele depicting two people (right) worshipping Taweret, (19th-20th dynasty, New Kingdom).</figcaption></figure> <p>Taweret bears physical aspects of both a <a href="/wiki/Fertility_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility goddess">fertility goddess</a> and a fearsome protective deity. She takes the form of a female hippopotamus, a highly deadly creature. She is also often seen with features from other predatory creatures, most notably being the tail of a <a href="/wiki/Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Nile crocodile</a> and the paws of a <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lioness</a>. These features directly parallel those of other ferocious protective <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">ancient Egyptian deities</a>, most notably the crocodile god Sobek and the lioness goddess <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a>. These violent theriomorphic deities take on some of the aspects of the animals that they represent – both to the benefit and detriment of humans. Taweret's predatory form allows her to ward away evil from the innocent. Likewise, Taweret's nurturing aspects are also reinforced in her iconography, as she frequently is shown with a pregnant belly, and pendulous human breasts. These breasts are shared by the god of the Nile inundation, <a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a>, and signify regenerative powers. Taweret's riverine form allows her to participate in that which annually revives the Nile Valley: the inundation personified by Hapi. It is partly due to her role in this event that may share this iconographic feature with Hapi. She frequently is seen holding the <i>sa</i> hieroglyphic sign (Gardiner V17), which literally means "protection".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Magic_Wand_Depicting_a_Procession_of_Deities_-_Walters_71510.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Egyptian_-_Magic_Wand_Depicting_a_Procession_of_Deities_-_Walters_71510.jpg/220px-Egyptian_-_Magic_Wand_Depicting_a_Procession_of_Deities_-_Walters_71510.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Egyptian_-_Magic_Wand_Depicting_a_Procession_of_Deities_-_Walters_71510.jpg/330px-Egyptian_-_Magic_Wand_Depicting_a_Procession_of_Deities_-_Walters_71510.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Egyptian_-_Magic_Wand_Depicting_a_Procession_of_Deities_-_Walters_71510.jpg/440px-Egyptian_-_Magic_Wand_Depicting_a_Procession_of_Deities_-_Walters_71510.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="1301" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_wand" class="mw-redirect" title="Apotropaic wand">apotropaic wand</a> (c. 1880 to 1700 BCE) shows a procession of protective deities, including a hippopotamus goddess. Such a wand would have been used in rituals associated with birth and were perhaps used to draw a magical circle around the mother and child. <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a>, Baltimore.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amuleto_raffigurante_la_dea_Tauret_2019-05-1616-43-53(A,Radius8,Smoothing4).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Faience Amulet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Amuleto_raffigurante_la_dea_Tauret_2019-05-1616-43-53%28A%2CRadius8%2CSmoothing4%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Amuleto_raffigurante_la_dea_Tauret_2019-05-1616-43-53%28A%2CRadius8%2CSmoothing4%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Amuleto_raffigurante_la_dea_Tauret_2019-05-1616-43-53%28A%2CRadius8%2CSmoothing4%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Amuleto_raffigurante_la_dea_Tauret_2019-05-1616-43-53%28A%2CRadius8%2CSmoothing4%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Amuleto_raffigurante_la_dea_Tauret_2019-05-1616-43-53%28A%2CRadius8%2CSmoothing4%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Amuleto_raffigurante_la_dea_Tauret_2019-05-1616-43-53%28A%2CRadius8%2CSmoothing4%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4858" data-file-height="7134" /></a><figcaption>Faience Amulet of Taweret from the late period of Ancient Egypt. Egyptian Museum (Turin, Italy)</figcaption></figure><p>Taweret's image served a functional purpose on a variety of objects. The most notable of these objects are amulets, which protected mothers and children from harm. Such amulets, appearing before 3000 BCE, were popular for most of ancient Egyptian history. She also consistently appeared on household furniture throughout history, including chairs, stools, and headrests.<sup id="cite_ref-H-W_352_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H-W_352-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Apotropaic objects became popular in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650 BCE) and are thought to have been used in rituals related to pregnancy and birth. As is aforementioned, ivory wands and knives showing long processions of deities became widely used in this period. These objects have been shown on tomb paintings in the hands of nurses and wear patterns on the tips indicate that these nurses likely used them to draw protective patterns in the sand. Taweret is featured on almost all known wands, as her powers were invoked particularly to protect children and their mothers. The other deities are almost exclusively deities that accompany the mature sun god in his nightly journey through the dangerous <a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a> (underworld). Taweret's inclusion among this company suggests a protective solar role. This is supported by later Ptolemaic (c. 332–30 BCE) conceptions of the goddess, which state that she reared – and in some traditions, birthed – the young sun god (cf. <a href="/wiki/Metternich_Stela" title="Metternich Stela">Metternich Stela</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ritual objects bearing Taweret's image were popular in Egyptian households for the remainder of Egyptian history. Vessels bearing Taweret's shape became popular in the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1069 BCE). These vessels presumably purified the liquid that was poured from it, as Taweret was considered to be "She of the Pure Water". Often these vessels had openings through the nipples, emphasizing Taweret's maternal aspects.<sup id="cite_ref-H-W_352_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H-W_352-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A giant statue of Taweret appears in the science-fiction television series <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a></i> and plays an important role in the backstory of the show's mysterious island.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antonia Salib portrays Taweret in the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a> (MCU) television series <i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Knight_(miniseries)" title="Moon Knight (miniseries)">Moon Knight</a></i> (2022).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the show Taweret is the protector of the weights of the heart to the quil and helps people get to the afterlife through the field of reeds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy (goddess)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geraldine Pinch, <i>Magic in Ancient Egypt</i> (London: British Museum Press, 1994), 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Houser-Wegner, "Taweret", in <i>The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion</i>, ed. Donald Redford (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 351–352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miroslav Verner, "A Statue of Twert (Cairo Museum no. 39145) Dedicated by Pabesi and Several Remarks on the Role of the Hippopotamus Goddess". <i>Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Alterumskunde</i> 96 (1969): 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Germond and Jacques Livet, <i>An Egyptian Bestiary</i> (London: Thames and Hudson, 2001), 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houser-Wegner, 351–352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Allen, <i>The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts</i> (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005), 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Ritner, "Household Religion in Ancient Egypt," <i>Household and Family Religion in Antiquity,</i> ed. John Bodel and Saul M. Olyan (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008), 177–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinch_142-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinch_142_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pinch, <i>Mythology,</i> 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H-W_352-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H-W_352_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H-W_352_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H-W_352_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H-W_352_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H-W_352_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Houser-Wegner, 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a comprehensive discussion of Taweret's acceptance into <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> culture, see Judith Weingarten, <i>The Transformation of Taweret into the Minoan Genius: A Study in Cultural Transmission in the Middle Bronze Age</i> (Partille: P. Åströms, 1991).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wengrow2011-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wengrow2011_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wengrow,_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Wengrow, David">Wengrow, David</a> (2011). "Cognition, Materiality, and Monsters: the cultural transmission of counter-intuitive forms in Bronze Age societies". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Material_Culture" title="Journal of Material Culture">Journal of Material Culture</a></i> 16:2 (2011), 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australian-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Australian_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCulican1969" class="citation journal cs1">Culican, W (1969). "Dea Tyria Gravida". <i>The Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Journal+of+Biblical+Archaeology&amp;rft.atitle=Dea+Tyria+Gravida&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=35&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft.aulast=Culican&amp;rft.aufirst=W&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaweret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pinch, <i>Mythology,</i> 131–132; 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parker1974-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parker1974_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, R.A. (1974). "Ancient Egyptian Astronomy". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.</i> 276:1257 (1974), 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horst Beinlich, <i>Das Buch vom Fayum: zum religiösen Eigenverständnis einer ägyptischen Landschaft.</i> (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1991), 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pinch, <i>Mythology</i>, pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner">Gardiner, Alan</a> (1957). <i>Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs</i>. Griffith Institute, Oxford, 1957, p. 523.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a full discussion of the deities on these wands, see Hartwig Atlenmüller, <i>Die Apotopaia und Die Götter Mittelägyptens</i> (Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians University, 1965).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/lost-show-foot-statue-origin-meaning-explained/">"<i>Lost</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;s</span> Foot Statue: What It Is &amp; Where It Came From"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a></i>. February 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&amp;rft.atitle=Lost%27s+Foot+Statue%3A+What+It+Is+%26+Where+It+Came+From&amp;rft.date=2022-02-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Flost-show-foot-statue-origin-meaning-explained%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaweret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicbook.com/marvel/news/moon-knight-taweret-character-revealed/">"<i>Moon Knight</i> Star Praises Freedom Marvel Gave Her as New Character Taweret"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ComicBook.com" title="ComicBook.com">ComicBook.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ComicBook.com&amp;rft.atitle=Moon+Knight+Star+Praises+Freedom+Marvel+Gave+Her+as+New+Character+Taweret&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicbook.com%2Fmarvel%2Fnews%2Fmoon-knight-taweret-character-revealed%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaweret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Allen, James. <i>The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts.</i> Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005.</li> <li>Altenmüller, Hartwig. <i>Die Apotropaia und Die Götter Mittelägyptens.</i> Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians University, 1965.</li> <li>Beinlich, Horst. <i>Das Buch vom Fayum&#160;: zum religiösen Eigenverständnis einer ägyptischen Landschaft.</i> Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1991.</li> <li>Germond, Philippe and Jacques Livet. <i>An Egyptian Bestiary.</i> London: Thames and Hudson, 2001.</li> <li>Houser-Wegner, Jennifer. "Taweret." In <i>The Ancient Gods Speak&#160;: A Guide to Egyptian Religion.</i> Edited by Donald Redford. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 351–352.</li> <li>Parker, R.A. "Ancient Egyptian Astronomy." <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.</i> 276:1257 (1974), 51–65.</li> <li>Pinch, Geraldine. <i>Egyptian Mythology&#160;: A Guide to Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.</li> <li>Pinch, Geraldine. <i>Magic in Ancient Egypt.</i> London: British Museum Press, 1994.</li> <li>Verner, Miroslav. "A Statue of Twert (Cairo Museum no. 39145) Dedicated by Pabesi and Several Remarks on the Role of the Hippopotamus Goddess. <i>Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Alterumskunde</i> 96 (1969): 52–63.</li> <li>Weingarten, Judith. <i>The Transformation of Taweret into the Minoan Genius: A Study in Cultural Transmission in the Middle Bronze Age.</i> Partille: P. Åströms, 1991.</li> <li>Wengrow, David. "Cognition, Materiality, and Monsters: the cultural transmission of counter-intuitive forms in Bronze Age societies." <i>Journal of Material Culture.</i> 16:2 (2011), 131–149.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taweret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Egyptian_religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/90px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/135px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/180px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauhet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauhet">Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauket">Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naunet" class="mw-redirect" title="Naunet">Naunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%">Triads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apt_(Egyptian)" title="Apt (Egyptian)">Apt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li> <li><b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities</a></li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><b>F</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Four sons of Horus</a></li> <li><b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li> <li><b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li> <li><b>U</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedi" title="Dedi">Dedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols<br />and objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartouche (hieroglyph)">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Related religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/16px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/24px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/32px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt&#32;portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207435#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207435#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207435#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316440235">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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