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class="mw-page-title-main">Bump mapping</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_mapping" title="Bump mapping – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bump mapping" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_mapping" title="Bump mapping – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bump mapping" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumpmapping" title="Bumpmapping – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bumpmapping" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapeado_topol%C3%B3gico" title="Mapeado topológico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mapeado topológico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placage_de_relief" title="Placage de relief – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Placage de relief" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%94%ED%94%84_%EB%A7%A4%ED%95%91" title="범프 매핑 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="범프 매핑" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_mapping" title="Bump mapping – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bump mapping" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9D" title="מיפוי מרקם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיפוי מרקם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljefa_kart%C4%93%C5%A1ana" title="Reljefa kartēšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reljefa kartēšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Texturing technique for bumps/wrinkles in computer graphics</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bump-map-demo-full.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bump-map-demo-full.png/300px-Bump-map-demo-full.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bump-map-demo-full.png/450px-Bump-map-demo-full.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bump-map-demo-full.png/600px-Bump-map-demo-full.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>A sphere without bump mapping (left). A bump map to be applied to the sphere (middle). The sphere with the bump map applied (right) appears to have a mottled surface resembling an <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange</a>. Bump maps achieve this effect by changing how an illuminated surface reacts to light, without modifying the size or shape of the surface.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bump mapping</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Texture_mapping" title="Texture mapping">texture mapping</a> technique in <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object. This is achieved by perturbing the <a href="/wiki/Surface_normal" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface normal">surface normals</a> of the object and using the perturbed normal during lighting calculations. The result is an apparently bumpy surface rather than a smooth surface, although the surface of the underlying object is not changed. Bump mapping was introduced by <a href="/wiki/James_Blinn" class="mw-redirect" title="James Blinn">James Blinn</a> in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Blinn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blinn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Normal_mapping" title="Normal mapping">Normal mapping</a> is the most common variation of bump mapping used.<sup id="cite_ref-Mikkelsen_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mikkelsen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles">Principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bump_mapping&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bump_map_vs_isosurface2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bump_map_vs_isosurface2.png/400px-Bump_map_vs_isosurface2.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bump_map_vs_isosurface2.png/600px-Bump_map_vs_isosurface2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bump_map_vs_isosurface2.png/800px-Bump_map_vs_isosurface2.png 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Bump mapping is limited in that it does not modify the shape of the underlying object. On the left, a mathematical function defining a bump map simulates a crumbling surface on a sphere, but the object's outline and shadow remain those of a perfect sphere. On the right, the same function is used to modify the surface of a sphere by generating an <a href="/wiki/Isosurface" title="Isosurface">isosurface</a>. This models a sphere with a bumpy surface with the result that both its outline and its shadow are rendered realistically.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bump mapping is a technique in <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> to make a <a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">rendered</a> surface look more realistic by simulating small displacements of the surface. However, unlike <a href="/wiki/Displacement_mapping" title="Displacement mapping">displacement mapping</a>, the surface geometry is not modified. Instead only the surface normal is modified as if the surface had been displaced. The modified surface normal is then used for lighting calculations (using, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Phong_reflection_model" title="Phong reflection model">Phong reflection model</a>) giving the appearance of detail instead of a smooth surface. </p><p>Bump mapping is much faster and consumes fewer resources for the same level of detail compared to displacement mapping because the geometry remains unchanged. </p><p>There are also extensions which modify other surface features in addition to increasing the sense of depth. <a href="/wiki/Parallax_mapping" title="Parallax mapping">Parallax mapping</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horizon_mapping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horizon mapping (page does not exist)">horizon mapping</a> are two such extensions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary limitation with bump mapping is that it perturbs only the surface normals without changing the underlying surface itself.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silhouettes and shadows therefore remain unaffected, which is especially noticeable for larger simulated displacements. This limitation can be overcome by techniques including displacement mapping where bumps are applied to the surface or using an <a href="/wiki/Isosurface" title="Isosurface">isosurface</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methods">Methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bump_mapping&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two primary methods to perform bump mapping. The first uses a <a href="/wiki/Heightmap" title="Heightmap">height map</a> for simulating the surface displacement yielding the modified normal. This is the method invented by Blinn<sup id="cite_ref-Blinn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blinn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is usually what is referred to as bump mapping unless specified. The steps of this method are summarized as follows. </p><p>Before a lighting calculation is performed for each visible point (or <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a>) on the object's surface: </p> <ol><li>Look up the height in the <a href="/wiki/Heightmap" title="Heightmap">heightmap</a> that corresponds to the position on the surface.</li> <li>Calculate the surface normal of the heightmap, typically using the <a href="/wiki/Finite_difference" title="Finite difference">finite difference</a> method.</li> <li>Combine the surface normal from step two with the true ("geometric") surface normal so that the combined normal points in a new direction.</li> <li>Calculate the interaction of the new "bumpy" surface with lights in the scene using, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Phong_reflection_model" title="Phong reflection model">Phong reflection model</a>.</li></ol> <p>The result is a surface that appears to have real depth. The algorithm also ensures that the surface appearance changes as lights in the scene are moved around. </p><p>The other method is to specify a <a href="/wiki/Normal_mapping" title="Normal mapping">normal map</a> which contains the modified normal for each point on the surface directly. Since the normal is specified directly instead of derived from a height map this method usually leads to more predictable results. This makes it easier for artists to work with, making it the most common method of bump mapping today.<sup id="cite_ref-Mikkelsen_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mikkelsen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Realtime_bump_mapping_techniques">Realtime bump mapping techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bump_mapping&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Realtime bump mapping techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FakeBump2D-animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/FakeBump2D-animation.gif/400px-FakeBump2D-animation.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/FakeBump2D-animation.gif/600px-FakeBump2D-animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/FakeBump2D-animation.gif/800px-FakeBump2D-animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Example of a realtime fake bump mapping.<br /> From left: <ol> <li> surface bitmap, intentionally blurry,</li> <li> source of light bitmap,</li> <li> bump mapping effect with light source orbiting <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1=x^{2}+y^{2}/x^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1=x^{2}+y^{2}/x^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e9e66fc18f713d99b8e75b0f9a21e6d3e51e0aca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.246ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1=x^{2}+y^{2}/x^{2}}" /></span> trajectory.</li> </ol> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Realtime_3D_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Realtime 3D graphics">Realtime 3D graphics</a> <a href="/wiki/Programmers" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmers">programmers</a> often use variations of the technique in order to simulate bump mapping at a lower computational cost. </p><p>One typical way was to use a fixed geometry, which allows one to use the heightmap surface normal almost directly. Combined with a precomputed <a href="/wiki/Lookup_table" title="Lookup table">lookup table</a> for the lighting calculations, the method could be implemented with a very simple and fast loop, allowing for a full-screen effect. This method was a common <a href="/wiki/Demo_effect" title="Demo effect">visual effect</a> when bump mapping was first introduced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bump_mapping&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distance_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance field">Distance field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offset_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Offset surface">Offset surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeble" title="Greeble">Greeble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_mapping" title="Normal mapping">Normal mapping</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bump_mapping&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/~majumder/VC/classes/BEmap.pdf">"Bump and Environment Mapping"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ics.uci.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ics.uci.edu&rft.atitle=Bump+and+Environment+Mapping&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ics.uci.edu%2F~majumder%2FVC%2Fclasses%2FBEmap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABump+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blinn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blinn_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blinn_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blinn, James F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=507101">"Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces"</a>, Computer Graphics, Vol. 12 (3), pp. 286-292 <a href="/wiki/SIGGRAPH" title="SIGGRAPH">SIGGRAPH</a>-ACM (August 1978)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mikkelsen-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mikkelsen_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mikkelsen_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMikkelsen2008" class="citation web cs1">Mikkelsen, Morten (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://image.diku.dk/projects/media/morten.mikkelsen.08.pdf">"Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces Revisited"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 7 (Section 2.2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526055847/http://image.diku.dk/projects/media/morten.mikkelsen.08.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simulation+of+Wrinkled+Surfaces+Revisited&rft.pages=7+%28Section+2.2%29&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Mikkelsen&rft.aufirst=Morten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.diku.dk%2Fprojects%2Fmedia%2Fmorten.mikkelsen.08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABump+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLengyel2019" class="citation book cs1">Lengyel, Eric (July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foundationsofgameenginedev.com/"><i>Foundations of Game Engine Development, Volume 2: Rendering</i></a>. Terathon Software LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9858117-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9858117-5-4"><bdi>978-0-9858117-5-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Game+Engine+Development%2C+Volume+2%3A+Rendering&rft.pub=Terathon+Software+LLC&rft.date=2019-07&rft.isbn=978-0-9858117-5-4&rft.aulast=Lengyel&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoundationsofgameenginedev.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABump+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914190914/http://web4.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/publications/rtbumpmapHWWS01.pdf">Real-Time Bump Map Synthesis</a>, Jan Kautz<sup>1</sup>, Wolfgang Heidrichy<sup>2</sup> and Hans-Peter Seidel<sup>1</sup>, (<sup>1</sup>Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, <sup>2</sup>University of British Columbia)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bump_mapping&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bump mapping">Bump mapping</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/291525?arnumber=291525">Bump shading for volume textures</a>, Max, N.L., Becker, B.G., Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, Jul 1994, Volume 14, Issue 4, pages 18 – 20, ISSN 0272-1716</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924191232/http://freespace.virgin.net/hugo.elias/graphics/x_polybm.htm">Simple creating vectors per pixel of a grayscale for a bump map to work and more</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neilwallis.com/projects/java/bump/index.php">Bump Mapping example</a> (<a href="/wiki/Java_applet" title="Java applet">Java applet</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texture_mapping_techniques" title="Template:Texture mapping techniques"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Texture_mapping_techniques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Texture mapping techniques (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texture_mapping_techniques" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texture mapping techniques"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Texture_mapping_techniques62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Texture_mapping" title="Texture mapping">Texture mapping techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_mapping" title="Displacement mapping">Displacement mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_mapping" title="Normal mapping">Normal mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallax_mapping" title="Parallax mapping">Parallax mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UV_mapping" title="UV mapping">UV mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVW_mapping" title="UVW mapping">UVW mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_mapping_(computer_graphics)" title="Relief mapping (computer graphics)"> Relief mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_mapping" title="Alpha mapping">Alpha mapping</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bump mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_occlusion" title="Ambient occlusion"> Occlusion mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specularity#Specular_maps" title="Specularity"> Specular mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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