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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jersey" title="Category:Jersey">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa">Culture of Jersey</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/150px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/225px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/300px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">History</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Jersey" title="List of people from Jersey">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Jersey" title="Languages of Jersey">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Jersey">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holidays in the UK">Festivals</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jersey" title="Religion in Jersey">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Jersey">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jersey">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Media</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Jersey">Television</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Jersey" title="Sport in Jersey">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jersey" title="Flag of Jersey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Jersey" title="Coat of arms of Jersey">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Jersey">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/15px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/23px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/30px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Jersey" title="Template:Culture of Jersey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Jersey" title="Template talk:Culture of Jersey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Jersey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Jersey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>culture of Jersey</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> of the Bailiwick of <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>. Jersey has a mixed <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">Franco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">British</a> culture; however, modern Jersey culture is very dominated by British cultural influences and has also been influenced by immigrant communities such as the <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Bretons</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> (mainly from <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>). </p><p>Jersey's culture is strongly influenced by its distinct <a href="/wiki/Political_culture" title="Political culture">political culture</a>, such as having its own <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postal_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal Service">postal service</a>, and its important industries such as <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Jersey" title="Languages of Jersey">Languages of Jersey</a></div> <p>Jersey is predominantly English-speaking, with English forming the main cultural and official language of Jersey people and government. However, French remains a co-official language due to its use as the language of civil affairs in the island.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to immigration, many islanders' first language is now <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a>, the island's <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman language</a>, is spoken by a minority of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it was the majority language in the 19th century. Among those who still speak the language one can identify the <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> of origin of a speaker by differences in <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lexis_(linguistics)" title="Lexis (linguistics)">lexis</a>. There has recently been a push, especially from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a>, to keep Jèrriais as a living language. This includes Jèrriais lessons at all Government primary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most common place names in Jersey are in Jèrriais (such as La Ville-ès-Renauds), though some have been <a href="/wiki/Francization" title="Francization">gallicised</a> (e.g., Les Quennevais) and most pronunciations have been <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicised</a>. The notable exception is all the parishes, which are usually in English (though French and Jèrriais forms exist). Road names are in French or Jèrriais, except in the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Helier">town</a> area and some other new developments around the island.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Hugo-Exile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Victor_Hugo-Exile.jpg/220px-Victor_Hugo-Exile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Victor_Hugo-Exile.jpg/330px-Victor_Hugo-Exile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Victor_Hugo-Exile.jpg/440px-Victor_Hugo-Exile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> in exile on Jersey, 1850s</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a> in Jersey may be divided into: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais_literature" title="Jèrriais literature">Literature in Jèrriais</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_literature" title="Francophone literature">Francophone literature</a>, and</li> <li>Jersey literature in English.</li></ul> <p>The literary tradition in Jersey is traced back to <a href="/wiki/Wace" title="Wace">Wace</a>, the 12th-century Jersey-born poet. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Prynne" title="William Prynne">William Prynne</a> wrote poetry while imprisoned in Jersey, but little indigenous literature survives from before the 18th century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> only arrived in Jersey in the 1780s, but the island supported a multitude of regular publications in French (and Jèrriais) and English throughout the 19th century, in which <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, most usually topical and satirical, flourished. </p><p>The first printed Jèrriais appears in the first newspapers at the end of the 18th century. The earliest identified dated example of printed poetry in Jèrriais is a fragment by Matchi L'Gé (Matthew Le Geyt, 1777–1849), dated 1795. The first printed anthology of Jèrriais poetry, <i>Rimes Jersiaises</i>, was published in 1865. </p><p>Influential writers include 'Laelius' (Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pipon_Marett" title="Robert Pipon Marett">Robert Pipon Marett</a> 1820–1884, <a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(Channel_Islands)" title="Bailiff (Channel Islands)">Bailiff</a> of Jersey 1880–1884), 'A.A.L.G.' (Augustus Aspley Le Gros 1840–1877), and 'St.-Luorenchais' (Philippe Langlois 1817–1884). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Le_Sueur_Mourant" title="Philippe Le Sueur Mourant">Philippe Le Sueur Mourant</a> (1848–1918) wrote under several pseudonyms. His greatest success was the character <i>Bram Bilo</i>, but he later developed the Pain family, newly moved to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Helier">Saint Helier</a>, who commented on its Anglicized society and fashionable entertainments. </p><p>'Elie' (Edwin J. Luce 1881–1918) was editor of the French-language newspaper <i>La Nouvelle Chronique de Jersey</i> and a poet who wrote topical poems for the newspaper. He died in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">influenza pandemic of 1918</a>. His brother, Philip W. Luce (1882–1966), also a journalist and poet, emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, but sent occasional writings back to Jersey. </p><p>'Caouain' (George W. de Carteret 1869–1940) maintained a weekly newspaper column purporting to be the work of an owl (<i>cahouain</i>) reporting on the latest election news and local gossip. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">Occupation</a>, the German censors allowed little original writing to be published. However, many older pieces of literature were republished in the newspapers as an act of cultural self-assertion and morale-boosting. </p><p>Edward Le Brocq (1877–1964) revived the weekly column in 1946 with a letter from <i>Ph'lip et Merrienne</i>, supposedly a traditional old couple who would comment on the latest news or recall times past. The column continued until the author's death in 1964. </p><p>The most influential writer of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a> in the 20th century was a U.S. citizen, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Le_Feuvre" class="extiw" title="fr:George F. Le Feuvre">George Francis Le Feuvre</a> (1891–1984), whose pen-name was 'George d'la Forge'. He emigrated to North America after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> but for almost forty years maintained a flow of articles in Jèrriais back to Jersey for publication in newspapers. </p><p>Frank Le Maistre (1910–2002), compiler of the Jèrriais–French <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a>, maintained a literary output starting in the 1930s with newspaper articles under the pseudonym <i>Marie la Pie</i>, poems, magazine articles, and research into toponymy and etymology. He himself considered his masterpiece to be his translation of the <a href="/wiki/Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam" title="Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam">Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam</a> into Jèrriais that he made during the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">German Occupation</a> (1940–1945). </p><p>The French writer <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> lived in exile in Jersey from 1852 to 1855. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Glyn" title="Elinor Glyn">Elinor Glyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Lempri%C3%A8re" title="John Lemprière">John Lemprière</a> were Jersey-born writers. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Tennyson" title="Frederick Tennyson">Frederick Tennyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Higgins" title="Jack Higgins">Jack Higgins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Durrell" title="Gerald Durrell">Gerald Durrell</a> are among writers who have made Jersey their home. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annunciation,_Chapelle_%C3%A8s_P%C3%AAcheurs,_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Annunciation%2C_Chapelle_%C3%A8s_P%C3%AAcheurs%2C_Jersey.jpg/220px-Annunciation%2C_Chapelle_%C3%A8s_P%C3%AAcheurs%2C_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Annunciation%2C_Chapelle_%C3%A8s_P%C3%AAcheurs%2C_Jersey.jpg/330px-Annunciation%2C_Chapelle_%C3%A8s_P%C3%AAcheurs%2C_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Annunciation%2C_Chapelle_%C3%A8s_P%C3%AAcheurs%2C_Jersey.jpg/440px-Annunciation%2C_Chapelle_%C3%A8s_P%C3%AAcheurs%2C_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> in the Fisherman's Chapel (la Chapelle ès Pêcheurs)</figcaption></figure> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> carvings are the earliest works of artistic character to be found in Jersey. Only fragmentary wall-paintings remain from the rich mediaeval artistic heritage, after the wholesale <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinist</a> reformation of the 16th century - the most notable of these are the wall-paintings of the Fisherman's Chapel (la Chapelle ès Pêcheurs) in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Brelade,_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Brelade, Jersey">St. Brelade</a>. </p><p>The 1751 statue of <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheere" title="John Cheere">John Cheere</a> in the Royal Square was Jersey's first public sculpture since the Reformation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent works of public art to be seen include: </p> <ul><li>Westaway monument (1875, Pierre-Alfred Robinet)</li> <li>Don monument (1885, Pierre-Alfred Robinet)</li> <li>Queen Victoria statue (1890, Georges Wallet)</li> <li>George V statue (1939, <a href="/wiki/William_Reid_Dick" title="William Reid Dick">William Reid Dick</a>)</li> <li>Liberation sculpture (1995, Philip Jackson)</li> <li><i>La Vaque dé Jèrri</i> (2001, John McKenna)</li> <li>Jersey Girl (2010, <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Gillespie" title="Rowan Gillespie">Rowan Gillespie</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freedom_Tree_sculpture_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Freedom_Tree_sculpture_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/220px-Freedom_Tree_sculpture_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Freedom_Tree_sculpture_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/330px-Freedom_Tree_sculpture_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Freedom_Tree_sculpture_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/440px-Freedom_Tree_sculpture_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Freedom Tree</i> sculpture in St. Helier marking the 60th anniversary of the Liberation of Jersey was unveiled 9 May 2005 by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Elizabeth II</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a>'s painting of the Battle of Jersey (6 January 1781), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Major_Pierson" class="mw-redirect" title="The Death of Major Pierson">The Death of Major Pierson</a></i>, became a national icon. The States of Jersey failed in an attempt to purchase it (it is now in the <a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a>), but the image is reproduced on the reverse of a Jersey £10 note. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Le_Capelain" title="John Le Capelain">John Le Capelain</a> (1812–1848) was born and lived all his life in St. Helier, setting up his studio in the attic of his parents' house in Hill Street. He is best known for his watercolours, although he had earlier followed his father in lithography but abandoned it after 1843. He travelled widely, taking advantage of St. Helier's excellent maritime links, and went sketching in France, England and Scotland. He was commissioned to produce a series of watercolours which were presented to Queen <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Victoria</a> by the States of Jersey to commemorate her visit of 1846. The series was subsequently lithographed and published in book form. The Queen commissioned Le Capelain to produce a series of watercolour views of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> and it was while working on this commission that Le Capelain contracted tuberculosis and died, barely a week after his 36th birthday. A collection of his works, presented by public subscription in his memory, is displayed in the Parish Hall of St. Helier. </p><p>Among artists attracted to Jersey in the 19th century was <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Louisa_Kilpack" title="Sarah Louisa Kilpack">Sarah Louisa Kilpack</a> (1839–1909), an English artist noted for seascapes and coastal scenes, often stormy, produced for exhibition in London. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Everett_Millais" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a>, a Jèrriais speaker from a Jersey family, was born in England, but is considered a Jersey artist. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lalique_glass_altarpiece_in_the_Glass_Church_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lalique_glass_altarpiece_in_the_Glass_Church_Jersey.jpg/220px-Lalique_glass_altarpiece_in_the_Glass_Church_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lalique_glass_altarpiece_in_the_Glass_Church_Jersey.jpg/330px-Lalique_glass_altarpiece_in_the_Glass_Church_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lalique_glass_altarpiece_in_the_Glass_Church_Jersey.jpg/440px-Lalique_glass_altarpiece_in_the_Glass_Church_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Lalique <a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpiece</a> in the <a href="/wiki/St_Matthew%27s_Church,_Jersey" title="St Matthew's Church, Jersey">Glass Church</a>, St. Lawrence</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/St_Matthew%27s_Church,_Jersey" title="St Matthew's Church, Jersey">Glass Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence,_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence, Jersey">St Lawrence</a> is decorated with Art Deco glass by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Florence_Boot" title="Florence Boot">Florence, Lady Trent</a>, the Jersey-born wife of <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Boot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Boot">Lord Trent</a>, founder of Boots Chemists. No similar Lalique commission survives elsewhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Blampied" title="Edmund Blampied">Edmund Blampied</a> (1886–1966), illustrator and artist, is the most popular Jersey artist of the 20th century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_St._Helier_Lander" class="mw-redirect" title="John St. Helier Lander">John St. Helier Lander</a> (1869–1944), born in St. Helier, later became a fashionable portrait painter in London. His portrait of George V hangs at Victoria College, and the Masonic Temple in St. Helier holds a number of masonic portraits by him.<sup id="cite_ref-JBD_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBD-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philip John Ouless (1817–1885), a successful workmanlike painter of marine subjects, was the father of <a href="/wiki/Walter_William_Ouless" title="Walter William Ouless">Walter William Ouless</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">RA</a> (1848–1933), who developed a career as a portrait painter in London, becoming an <a href="/wiki/Associate_of_the_Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate of the Royal Academy">Associate of the Royal Academy</a> (ARA) in 1877 and RA in 1881. </p><p>Henry Bosdet (1857–1934), an artist in <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Raphaelite">Pre-Raphaelite</a> style, taught in the Royal Academy schools in London. Some of his work can be seen in his native Island. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Malherbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzanne Malherbe">Suzanne Malherbe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cahun" title="Claude Cahun">Claude Cahun</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Surrealist" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealist">Surrealist</a> Sisters" were among photographers attracted to Jersey. </p><p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Cook,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Cook, 4th Baronet">Francis Cook</a> (1907–1978), English painter, moved to Jersey in 1948. In the 1960s he bought the former Methodist chapel at Augrès and converted it to a studio and gallery which was donated after his death to the Jersey Heritage Trust along with a collection of his works. The building, now named the <i>Sir Francis Cook Gallery</i>, serves as an exhibition space. </p><p>The <i>Berni Gallery</i> at the Jersey Arts Centre holds a programme of exhibitions by Jersey and visiting artists. The <i>Barreau-Le Maistre Gallery</i> in the Jersey Museum displays works from the permanent collection of the Jersey Heritage trust. Plans for a National Gallery to display the range of national holdings of visual art and provide suitable temporary exhibition space have been proposed from time to time. A National Gallery steering group chaired by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Bailhache" title="Philip Bailhache">Philip Bailhache</a>, Bailiff of Jersey, is due to report by the end of 2007. A site for the National Gallery has been earmarked on the site of the former Weighbridge bus station in St Helier,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> funded by waterfront development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Jersey" title="Theatre of Jersey">Theatre of Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_folk_costume_parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jersey_folk_costume_parade.jpg/220px-Jersey_folk_costume_parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jersey_folk_costume_parade.jpg/330px-Jersey_folk_costume_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jersey_folk_costume_parade.jpg/440px-Jersey_folk_costume_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Performers in traditional Jersey costume at a cultural festival</figcaption></figure> <p>The annual <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Eisteddfod" title="Jersey Eisteddfod">Jersey Eisteddfod</a> provides a platform for competition in music, drama and speaking in English, French and Jèrriais. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Opera_House" title="Jersey Opera House">Opera House</a>, opened by Lillie Langtry in 1900, and the Jersey Arts Centre are the main performance spaces, although many concerts and other cultural events take place in parish halls and other venues. </p><p>In 1995 the States of Jersey became the new owner of the Jersey Opera House at a cost of £1.3 million. In January 1997 the theatre closed for a major restoration project. A proposition was presented to the States of Jersey for a loan of £5.5 million to add to the £1.5 million that had been raised by the good will of the people and businesses of Jersey. This was successful and this major programme of work started in August 1998. After an extensive programme of rebuilding and renovation the new theatre opened its door on 9 July 2000 exactly 100 years to the day when the first Opera House had opened its doors to the public of Jersey. </p><p>Work on the Jersey Arts Centre started in 1981 when the Education Committee made available the redundant domestic science building in Saint Helier. The complex was opened by the Bailiff in January 1983 and various components of the building were subsequently completed: the Berni Gallery opened later in 1983, and the first performance took place in the shell of the auditorium in January 1985 although the performance space was not completed until August 1986. In 1992 the public acquired the former garrison church of St James and work started in 1998 to convert it into an arts venue. From 2000 the Jersey Arts Centre has undertaken artistic programming for St James.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lillie_Langtry" title="Lillie Langtry">Lillie Langtry</a>, the <i>Jersey Lily</i>, is the island's most widely recognised cultural icon. Other actors from Jersey have included <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hicks" title="Seymour Hicks">Seymour Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivy_St_Helier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivy St Helier">Ivy St Helier</a>, and actor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavill" title="Henry Cavill">Henry Cavill</a> (Showtime's the Tudors and the DC Comics film version of the Justice League). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Music and dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> of Jersey was common in country areas until the mid-20th century. It cannot be separated from the musical traditions of continental <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, and the majority of songs and tunes that have been documented have close parallels or variants, particularly in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Most of the surviving traditional songs are in French, with a minority in Jèrriais. The majority of Jèrriais-language songs are composed pieces dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, and not of folk origin. Research conducted in the 20th century also revealed the existence of folk songs in English (e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Greenland_Whale_Fisheries" title="Greenland Whale Fisheries">The Greenland Whale Fishery</a>", "Died for Love".) Only one folk song is believed to be of specifically Jersey provenance with no variants collected elsewhere: "La Chanson de Peirson". </p><p>Very little survives of an indigenous musical or dance tradition. Written testimony from the 20th century (Frank Le Maistre; George F. Le Feuvre) points to the practice of archaic dance-forms such as the "ronde" or <a href="/wiki/Round_dance_(ballroom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Round dance (ballroom)">round dance</a>, 18th-century dances such as the cotillon and 19-century forms such as the <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">schottische</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Quadrille" title="Quadrille">quadrille</a>. Dances such as the "Gigoton" and "La Bébée" are both forms of polka. The <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, the <i>chifournie</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>), and later the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a> were traditional instruments for <i>sonneurs</i> (country dances). The decline of these dances has often been ascribed to the influence of <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformist</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> that discouraged such cultural frivolities, or at least placed such a low value on these activities that they were not thought worth recording. It is more likely that, as in many other parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, they were a victim of changing fashion and a cultural shift away from traditional regional society and toward English-speaking modernity. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_Arts_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jersey_Arts_Centre.jpg/220px-Jersey_Arts_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jersey_Arts_Centre.jpg/330px-Jersey_Arts_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jersey_Arts_Centre.jpg/440px-Jersey_Arts_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>The Jersey Arts Centre includes a 250-seat theatre, the Berni Gallery exhibition space, workshop rooms and a café</figcaption></figure> <p>There is also a lot of musical talent shown by the younger community of Jersey. The dominant genres are indie, punk and metal. The main event that these bands take part in is a Battle of the Bands each summer, the most recent winners being No Star Hotel. The bands often have trouble getting their music well known due to the isolation of the island. However, pop singer <a href="/wiki/Nerina_Pallot" title="Nerina Pallot">Nerina Pallot</a> has enjoyed international success. </p><p>Music events include the Liberation Jersey Music Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grassroots_Festival">Grassroots Festival</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grassroots Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grassroots<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a boutique summer music festival held in July, in front of Val de la Mare Reservoir sitting directly back from St Ouen's Bay. The 2011 festival attracted over 4,200 visitors,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after the event the organisers left debts of £114,143.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jersey_Live">Jersey Live</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jersey Live"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Live" title="Jersey Live">Jersey Live</a> was a two-day <a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">indie</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music festival</a> that was held annually at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jersey_Agricultural_and_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Jersey Agricultural and Horticultural Society">The Royal Jersey Showground</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trinity,_Jersey" title="Trinity, Jersey">Trinity</a> from 2004 until 2016. The festival grew in popularity and size each year since its inception and drew interest from people outside the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> with foreign visitors making up approximately 27% of the 2006 crowd. Artists to have performed at Jersey Live Festival include Snow Patrol, Ed Sheeran, The Prodigy, Jake Bugg, Noel Gallagher, The Gaa Gaas, Fatboy Slim, Ben Howard, Ellie Goulding, Kasabian & Calvin Harris to name a few. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_and_radio">Television and radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Television and radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>In the Channel Islands, broadcasting laws are managed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK Government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> on behalf of the islands' governments. The islands have access to the same <a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_Channels_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television Channels in the United Kingdom (page does not exist)">television channels</a> as the United Kingdom and many of the same national radio stations, such as <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a>. The Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities manages the level of demand for spectrum in the islands and makes recommendations to Ofcom for their management; however, Ofcom is charged with issuing licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jersey has <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">television licenses</a> in line with the same system used in the United Kingdom. A license is required to use a television set video recorder, DVD player or computer, which is capable of receiving broadcast programmes in the Bailiwick or elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a>. As of 2013, the license for a colour television or television-enabled computer is £145.50.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The license fee is used to fund <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> across the British Islands. </p><p>Although the Channel Islands have the same television channels as the United Kingdom, such as the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a> operate regional channels in the islands, <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> Channel Islands and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Channel_Television" title="ITV Channel Television">ITV Channel Television</a> respectively. Their main studios are based in St Helier. The question of balance of coverage between the two bailiwicks is a matter of long-running debate, especially as most of the content is broadcast from Jersey. ITV and the BBC both produce a daily news programme for the islands, as well as posting island news articles on their websites. </p><p>The introduction of an ITV franchise posed a problem to the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">Independent Television Authority</a>, as, constitutionally, the <a href="/wiki/Television_Act_1954" title="Television Act 1954">Television Act 1954</a> did not apply to the islands, so the ITA's ability to operate there had to be permitted by means of extending the Act to the islands by means of an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a>. Due to a technicality that prevented the Channel Islands from receiving colour television, Channel could only broadcast in black and white until 1976.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Whole paragraph lacks citation from a reliable source. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Due to the proximity to France, French television is fairly easily received as well, and British channels can be picked up on the neighbouring coast of the Norman mainland. </p><p>One of the best known portrayals of Jersey on the small screen was the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s crime drama <i><a href="/wiki/Bergerac_(TV_series)" title="Bergerac (TV series)">Bergerac</a></i>, featuring <a href="/wiki/John_Nettles" title="John Nettles">John Nettles</a> as Jim Bergerac as a policeman in "Le Bureau des Étrangers" (a fictional department, based on the real <i>Bureau des Étrangers</i>, for dealing with non-Jersey residents). This was filmed mainly in Jersey, but storylines increasingly moved further afield to England and France. Another series filmed in Jersey is <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Jersey" title="The Real Housewives of Jersey">the Real Housewives of Jersey</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Housewives" title="The Real Housewives">Real Housewives</a> series. </p><p>Jersey has two local radio stations, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Jersey" title="BBC Radio Jersey">BBC Radio Jersey</a> and Channel 103 - a private operator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jersey" title="Religion in Jersey">Religion in Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millennium_cross_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Millennium_cross_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/220px-Millennium_cross_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Millennium_cross_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/330px-Millennium_cross_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Millennium_cross_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/440px-Millennium_cross_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>To mark the millennium in 2000, a cross was erected in each of the 12 parishes to replace the wayside crosses that fell subject to the <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a> of the 16th century. Here, the millennium cross of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Helier">Saint Helier</a> bears the Jèrriais inscription <i>À la glouaithe dé Dgieu</i> (<i>To the glory of God</i>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The island's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> is Saint <a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established church</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a> has been historically strong, especially in country areas, and remains influential. A large minority of the population is <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>. The historic toleration of religious minorities has led to many persecuted minorities seeking refuge in Jersey. This has left a rich legacy of churches, <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapels</a> and places of worship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folklore_and_customs">Folklore and customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Folklore and customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Witches%27_stones_on_thatched_roof_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Witches%27_stones_on_thatched_roof_Jersey.jpg/220px-Witches%27_stones_on_thatched_roof_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Witches%27_stones_on_thatched_roof_Jersey.jpg/330px-Witches%27_stones_on_thatched_roof_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Witches%27_stones_on_thatched_roof_Jersey.jpg/440px-Witches%27_stones_on_thatched_roof_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Witches%27_stones" title="Witches' stones">Witches' stones</a> on thatched roof</figcaption></figure> <p>Jersey people are traditionally known as <i><a href="/wiki/Crapaud" title="Crapaud">crapauds</a></i> (toads) due to the particular fauna of Jersey that does not exist in the other <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>, especially in Guernsey. According to a Guernsey legend, St <a href="/wiki/Samson_of_Dol" title="Samson of Dol">Samson of Dol</a> arrived in Jersey but encountered such a hostile reception on the then-pagan island that he proceeded on to Guernsey. The welcome being much warmer in Guernsey, he repaid the inhabitants of that island by sending all the snakes and toads from Guernsey to Jersey. </p><p><i>Vraic</i> is the Jersey word for <a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a>, and the collection of <a href="/wiki/Seaweed_fertiliser" title="Seaweed fertiliser">seaweed for fertiliser</a>, <i>vraicking</i>, an important activity in the past, still continues on a small scale. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Battle_of_Flowers" title="Jersey Battle of Flowers">Battle of Flowers</a> is the major carnival, held annually in August. First held for the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Edward VII</a> in 1902, the carnival includes a parade of floral decorated floats. Originally, these floats were torn apart to provide floral ammunition for a battle of flowers between participants and spectators, but this aspect has long been abandoned. </p><p>Annual <i><a href="/wiki/Visite_du_Branchage" title="Visite du Branchage">visites du branchage</a></i> are carried out twice in summer by parish officials to inspect roadside verges and hedges and ensure property owners have trimmed back overhanging greenery. This custom is to prevent Jersey's narrow lanes becoming hazardous or impassable through overgrown vegetation. The action of <i>branchage</i> (pronounced in the Jèrriais fashion, "<i>brancage</i>", as opposed to the French pronunciation) is the trimming of verges prior to the annual inspections. A haircut may also be jocularly referred to as a <i>branchage</i>. </p><p>Belief in <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a> was formerly strong in Jersey, and survived in country areas well into the 20th century. Witches were supposed to hold their <i><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_(witchcraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbath (witchcraft)">sabbats</a></i> on Fridays at Rocqueberg, the Witches' Rock, in St. Clement. Folklore preserves a belief that <a href="/wiki/Witches%27_stones" title="Witches' stones">witches' stones</a> on old houses were resting places for witches flying to their meetings. </p><p>Every third year, Jersey hosts "La fête Nouormande", a folk festival centring on the Norman culture and heritage of the island, which attracts performers and visitors from Guernsey and the continent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_traditions">Past traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Past traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A past rural tradition was <i>La Jouête</i>, which took place on Shrove Tuesday, Easter Monday and other holidays. Islanders would be invited (for a fee) to throw stones at either cocks, ducks, hens, rabbits or similar. He who killed the animal would be able to take it as a prize. They were brought to end in 1896 by the Law to prevent the bad treatment of animals (though it is believed the tradition continued until 1906 nonetheless).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 126">: 126 </span></sup> </p><p>On Good Fridays of the past, it was tradition for Jerseymen to travel for a picnic. Limpets would be collected from the rocks and cooked on the spot with bread cake eaten hot with butter. Later on, eating hot cross buns became popular as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 129">: 129 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_identity">National identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersey has often been patriotic about its connection with the British Crown, and by extension the UK itself. In 1833, a list of public houses in St Helier include two named the 'Britannia', the 'Crown and Thistle', 'George III', the King's Arms', the 'King's Head', the Robin Hood', three named the 'Royal George', 'True Britain', and 'Waterloo'. On Mulcaster Street, a pub now named the Lamplighter features on its edifice a seated figure of Britannia holding a shield and trident, with a flagstaff displaying the Union Jack.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 38">: 38 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_and_drink">Food and drink</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Food and drink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pais_au_fou,_Jersey_bean_crock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pais_au_fou%2C_Jersey_bean_crock.jpg/220px-Pais_au_fou%2C_Jersey_bean_crock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pais_au_fou%2C_Jersey_bean_crock.jpg/330px-Pais_au_fou%2C_Jersey_bean_crock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pais_au_fou%2C_Jersey_bean_crock.jpg/440px-Pais_au_fou%2C_Jersey_bean_crock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption><i>Des pais au fou</i> - bean crock, accompanied by slices of <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> loaf</figcaption></figure> <p>Seafood has traditionally been important to the cuisine of Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a> (called <i>moules</i> locally), <a href="/wiki/Scallops" class="mw-redirect" title="Scallops">scallops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_lobster" class="mw-redirect" title="European lobster">lobster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a> — especially <a href="/wiki/Maja_squinado" title="Maja squinado">spider crabs</a> which are considered a particular delicacy. <a href="/wiki/Razor_shell" title="Razor shell">Razor-fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand-eel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand-eel">sand-eeling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limpet" title="Limpet">limpeting</a> used to be popular activities but have declined in importance. <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Ormers</a>, being highly sought after, are conserved and fishing is restricted. Another seafood speciality is <a href="/wiki/Conger" title="Conger">conger</a> soup. </p><p>Bean crock (<i>les pais au fou</i>) can best be described as a sort of Norman <a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">cassoulet</a>. It is a slow-cooked pork and bean stew, most authentically containing a <a href="/wiki/Pig%27s_trotter" title="Pig's trotter">pig's trotter</a>, water and onions. In the past the dish was so ubiquitous that English-speaking visitors, purporting to believe that the people of Jersey ate nothing else, dubbed the inhabitants <i>Jersey beans</i> (this epithet is sometimes considered derogatory, but a Jersey primary school French coursebook <i>Salut Jersey</i> featured two beans <i>Haricot</i> and <i>Mangetout</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Urtica_dioica" title="Urtica dioica">Nettle</a> (<i>ortchie</i>) soup was once a popular dish and was considered a tonic for the heart. </p><p>Jersey wonders (<i>les mèrvelles</i>), a sort of rich twisted <a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnut</a> is made less in the home than formerly but is still a popular treat at fairs and festivals. A sort of wonder poached in milk is known as a fliotte (<i>eune fliotte</i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabbage_loaf,_Jersey_traditional_bread.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cabbage_loaf%2C_Jersey_traditional_bread.jpg/220px-Cabbage_loaf%2C_Jersey_traditional_bread.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cabbage_loaf%2C_Jersey_traditional_bread.jpg/330px-Cabbage_loaf%2C_Jersey_traditional_bread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cabbage_loaf%2C_Jersey_traditional_bread.jpg/440px-Cabbage_loaf%2C_Jersey_traditional_bread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Cabbage loaf</figcaption></figure> <p>Cabbage loaf is the traditional Jersey <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> baked between two <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> leaves. Historically, Jersey produced sturdy <a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">walking sticks</a> fashioned from the stalks of cabbages, known as "Tall Jacks", which had been induced to grow tall stalks by removing leaves around the heart.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vraic buns are very large sweet buns with raisins, and were traditionally eaten when men went out vraicing on the shore. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hot_cross_bun" title="Hot cross bun">Hot cross buns</a>, a popular food around Easter in England, were not introduced to the island until the nineteenth century, but are now readily available. </p><p>Jersey <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> being very rich, <a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a> have played a large part in insular cooking. Unlike other parts of the Duchy of Normandy, there is no historical tradition of <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> – Jersey people traditionally preferring rich yellow thickly spread butter. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Royal_potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Royal potatoes">Jersey Royal potatoes</a> are the local variety of <a href="/wiki/New_potato" class="mw-redirect" title="New potato">new potato</a>, and the island is famous for its early crop of small, tasty potatoes from the south-facing côtils (steeply-sloping fields). They are eaten in any variety of ways, often simply boiled and served with butter. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apples</a> historically were an important crop. <i>Bourdélots</i> are apple dumplings, but the most typical speciality is black butter (<i><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8r_beurre" title="Nièr beurre">lé nièr beurre</a></i>), a dark spicy spread prepared from apples, cider and spices (especially <a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">liquorice</a>). Although called butter, it does not contain any milk. It is traditional to hold black butter nights (<i>séthées d'nièr beurre</i>) in autumn. These are still an important traditional social occasion in country areas; the stirring must be maintained around the clock. The complete process of making black butter, including the peeling of the apples, the stirring of the mixture in a large cauldron throughout the night, the camaraderie and the jarring up was recorded by the filmmaker D. Rusowsky for a 48-minute documentary<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to capture the essence of this ancient recipe and reveal the spirit of one on Jersey's best kept secrets: its people. Reviving the tradition benefits not only people and communities but creates a fertile social environment supporting the conservation of traditional orchards, which are highly endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a> used to be an important export. After decline and near-disappearance in the late 20th century, apple production is being increased and promoted. Calvados is also produced. Some wine is produced. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_Fa%C3%AEs%27sie_d%27cidre_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A jar of black butter"><img alt="A jar of black butter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_Fa%C3%AEs%27sie_d%27cidre_2007.jpg/109px-Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_Fa%C3%AEs%27sie_d%27cidre_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_Fa%C3%AEs%27sie_d%27cidre_2007.jpg/164px-Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_Fa%C3%AEs%27sie_d%27cidre_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_Fa%C3%AEs%27sie_d%27cidre_2007.jpg/218px-Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_Fa%C3%AEs%27sie_d%27cidre_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="555" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A jar of black butter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_National_Trust_for_Jersey_2007_%C3%AApices.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adding spices during black butter making"><img alt="Adding spices during black butter making" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_National_Trust_for_Jersey_2007_%C3%AApices.jpg/112px-Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_National_Trust_for_Jersey_2007_%C3%AApices.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_National_Trust_for_Jersey_2007_%C3%AApices.jpg/167px-Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_National_Trust_for_Jersey_2007_%C3%AApices.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_National_Trust_for_Jersey_2007_%C3%AApices.jpg/223px-Ni%C3%A8r_beurre_National_Trust_for_Jersey_2007_%C3%AApices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="955" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adding spices during black butter making</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cider_making_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cider making traditions are maintained in Jersey at the annual Faîs'sie d'cidre festival. Here at the museum at Hamptonne, the old cider press is in action"><img alt="Cider making traditions are maintained in Jersey at the annual Faîs'sie d'cidre festival. Here at the museum at Hamptonne, the old cider press is in action" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cider_making_Jersey.jpg/90px-Cider_making_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cider_making_Jersey.jpg/135px-Cider_making_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cider_making_Jersey.jpg/180px-Cider_making_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cider making traditions are maintained in Jersey at the annual <i>Faîs'sie d'cidre</i> festival. Here at the museum at Hamptonne, the old cider press is in action</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A8rvelles_Jersey_Wonders.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mèrvelles - Jersey wonders"><img alt="Mèrvelles - Jersey wonders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/M%C3%A8rvelles_Jersey_Wonders.jpg/120px-M%C3%A8rvelles_Jersey_Wonders.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/M%C3%A8rvelles_Jersey_Wonders.jpg/180px-M%C3%A8rvelles_Jersey_Wonders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/M%C3%A8rvelles_Jersey_Wonders.jpg/240px-M%C3%A8rvelles_Jersey_Wonders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mèrvelles - Jersey wonders</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conger_frying.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frying conger"><img alt="Frying conger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Conger_frying.jpg/120px-Conger_frying.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Conger_frying.jpg/180px-Conger_frying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Conger_frying.jpg/240px-Conger_frying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1022" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frying <a href="/wiki/Conger" title="Conger">conger</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_Royal_potatoes_boiled.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boiled Jersey Royal potatoes"><img alt="Boiled Jersey Royal potatoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jersey_Royal_potatoes_boiled.jpg/120px-Jersey_Royal_potatoes_boiled.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jersey_Royal_potatoes_boiled.jpg/180px-Jersey_Royal_potatoes_boiled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jersey_Royal_potatoes_boiled.jpg/240px-Jersey_Royal_potatoes_boiled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="949" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boiled <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Royal_potato" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Royal potato">Jersey Royal potatoes</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Jersey" title="Sport in Jersey">Sport in Jersey</a></div> <p>Jersey participates in its own right in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>, in which shooting is a strong sport. Golf is also popular - <a href="/wiki/Harry_Vardon" title="Harry Vardon">Harry Vardon</a> was a Jerseyman. </p><p>Jersey participates in the <a href="/wiki/Island_Games" title="Island Games">Island Games</a>, which it has hosted. In sporting events in which Jersey does not have international representation, when the British <a href="/wiki/Home_Nations" title="Home Nations">Home Nations</a> are competing separately, islanders that do have high athletic skill may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations - there are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent another Home Nation. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Muratti" class="mw-redirect" title="Muratti">Muratti</a> football match against Guernsey is one of the sporting highlights of the year. There are several rugby clubs in the island, including a rugby academy for under 18s and <a href="/wiki/Les_Quennevais_Rugby_Club,_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Quennevais Rugby Club, Jersey">Les Quennevais Rugby Club</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_College,_Jersey" title="Highlands College, Jersey">Highlands College</a> provides post-16 vocational education, adult education and degree-level education.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_and_Anchor" title="Crown and Anchor">Crown and Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cricket_team" title="Jersey cricket team">Jersey cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Football_Association" title="Jersey Football Association">Jersey Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_official_football_team" title="Jersey official football team">Jersey national football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Day (Jersey)">Liberation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Jersey">Media of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Jersey" title="National Trust for Jersey">National Trust for Jersey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.je:80/LifeEvents/MovingToJersey/WhenYouArrive/pages/improveenglish.aspx">"Moving to Jersey: Improve your English"</a>. <i>gov.je</i>. 17 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.je&rft.atitle=Moving+to+Jersey%3A+Improve+your+English&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%3A80%2FLifeEvents%2FMovingToJersey%2FWhenYouArrive%2Fpages%2Fimproveenglish.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.je/Government/Census/Census2011/Pages/2011CensusResults.aspx">"2011 census results"</a>. <i>Government of Jersey</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323043603/http://www.gov.je/Government/Census/Census2011/Pages/2011CensusResults.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Jersey&rft.atitle=J%C3%A8rriais%3A+Jersey%27s+traditional+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2Fleisure%2Fjersey%2Fpages%2Flanguage.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theislandwiki.org/index.php/Old_street_names">"Old street names - theislandwiki"</a>. <i>www.theislandwiki.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theislandwiki.org&rft.atitle=Old+street+names+-+theislandwiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theislandwiki.org%2Findex.php%2FOld_street_names&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theislandwiki.org/index.php/Statues_and_monuments">"Statues and monuments - Jerripedia"</a>. <i>www.theislandwiki.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theislandwiki.org&rft.atitle=Statues+and+monuments+-+Jerripedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theislandwiki.org%2Findex.php%2FStatues_and_monuments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stmatthews.je/glass-church">"St Matthew's Glass Church"</a>. <i>St Matthew's Glass Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: Staples Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jersey Evening Post, 9 November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jersey Evening Post 15 January 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberationjersey.com/">"Liberation Jersey Music Festival"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberation+Jersey+Music+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberationjersey.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206054806/http://www.grassroots-jersey.com/">"Grassroots Festival 2011 – Home Page"</a>. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grassroots+Festival+2011+%E2%80%93+Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grassroots-jersey.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120914050207/http://www.thisisjersey.com/2011/07/25/record-crowds-at-grassroots/">"Record crowds at Grassroots"</a>. Jersey Evening Post. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Record+crowds+at+Grassroots&rft.pub=Jersey+Evening+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisjersey.com%2F2011%2F07%2F25%2Frecord-crowds-at-grassroots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-15278673">"Jersey Grassroots festival organisers leave £114k debts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 12 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jersey+Grassroots+festival+organisers+leave+%C2%A3114k+debts&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-jersey-15278673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/80735/states_of_guernsey_and_jersey.pdf">Re: UHF and VHF Spectrum Planning</a> <i>States of Jersey and States of Guernsey.</i> 4 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cab.org.je/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27:tv-licences-126&catid=13&Itemid=9">"Jersey Citizens Advice - TV Licences (1.2.6)"</a>. <i>www.cab.org.je</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cab.org.je&rft.atitle=Jersey+Citizens+Advice+-+TV+Licences+%281.2.6%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cab.org.je%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D27%3Atv-licences-126%26catid%3D13%26Itemid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLempière1976" class="citation book cs1">Lempière, Raoul (1976). <i>Customs, Ceremonies and Traditions of the Channel Islands</i>. Great Britain: Robert Hale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7091-5731-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7091-5731-2"><bdi>0-7091-5731-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Customs%2C+Ceremonies+and+Traditions+of+the+Channel+Islands&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pub=Robert+Hale&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-7091-5731-2&rft.aulast=Lempi%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Raoul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walking Sticks as Seed Savers: The Case of the Jersey Kale [Brassica oleracea L. Convar. Acephala (DC.) Alef. Var. Viridis L.] Author(s): Hew D. V. Prendergast and Naomi Rumball Source: Economic Botany, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun. 2000), pp. 141-143 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://mobot-ethnobiology-jc.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/7/8/24789062/4256285.pdf">https://mobot-ethnobiology-jc.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/7/8/24789062/4256285.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AclHtEmPrv8&t=529s">"Jersey cabbage walking sticks and other subjects, Matt Baker. BBC countryfile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Jersey+cabbage+walking+sticks+and+other+subjects%2C+Matt+Baker.+BBC+countryfile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DAclHtEmPrv8%26t%3D529s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/jersey/low/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8734000/8734100.stm">"Jersey Black Butter documentary"</a>. BBC Jersey. 10 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jersey+Black+Butter+documentary&rft.pub=BBC+Jersey&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fjersey%2Flow%2Fpeople_and_places%2Farts_and_culture%2Fnewsid_8734000%2F8734100.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natureheritage.org/projects/heritage-sustainable-development/">"Traditional orchards: revival of customs and traditions benefits people, communities and biological conservation"</a>. Nature Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditional+orchards%3A+revival+of+customs+and+traditions+benefits+people%2C+communities+and+biological+conservation&rft.pub=Nature+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.natureheritage.org%2Fprojects%2Fheritage-sustainable-development%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Jersey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jersey_articles517" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jersey_topics" title="Template:Jersey topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jersey_topics" title="Template talk:Jersey topics"><abbr 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href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Archaeology of the Channel Islands">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">German occupation during World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_civilians_from_the_Channel_Islands_in_1940" title="Evacuation of civilians from the Channel Islands in 1940">Evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_life_under_the_German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands#Collaboration" title="Civilian life under the German occupation of the Channel Islands">Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_life_under_the_German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Civilian life under the German occupation of the Channel Islands">Civilian life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Deportations from the German-occupied Channel Islands">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechsschartenturm,_Heavy_MG_bunker,_La_Mare_Mill" title="Sechsschartenturm, Heavy MG bunker, La Mare Mill">Sechsschartentürme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohlgangsanlage_tunnels,_Jersey" title="Hohlgangsanlage tunnels, Jersey">German tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohlgangsanlage_8" title="Hohlgangsanlage 8">War Tunnels Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Lothringen" title="Battery Lothringen">Battery Lothringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Moltke" title="Battery Moltke">Battery Moltke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Occupation_Society" title="Channel Islands Occupation Society">Channel Islands Occupation Society (CIOS)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmills_in_Jersey" title="Windmills in Jersey">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fortifications_of_Jersey" title="Coastal fortifications of Jersey">Coastal fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Maritime history of the Channel Islands">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perquage" title="Perquage">Perquages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Specifics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Cotte_de_St_Brelade" title="La Cotte de St Brelade">La Cotte de St Brelade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_dolmens" title="Jersey dolmens">Dolmens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Hougue_Bie" title="La Hougue Bie">La Hougue Bie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Orgueil" title="Mont Orgueil">Mont Orgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosnez_Castle" title="Grosnez Castle">Grosnez Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Castle" title="Elizabeth Castle">Elizabeth Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Riots" title="Corn Riots">Corn Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jersey" title="Battle of Jersey">Battle of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Corbi%C3%A8re" title="La Corbière">La Corbière Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Railway" title="Jersey Railway">Jersey Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Eastern_Railway" title="Jersey Eastern Railway">Jersey Eastern Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Heritage" title="Jersey Heritage">Jersey Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Jersey" title="National Trust for Jersey">National Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Jersey" title="Education in Jersey">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Schools37" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Jersey" title="List of schools in Jersey">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grainville_School" title="Grainville School">Grainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_Valle%C3%A9" title="Haute Valleé">Haute Valleé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautlieu_School" title="Hautlieu School">Hautlieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_College_for_Girls" title="Jersey College for Girls">Jersey College for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rocquier_School" title="Le Rocquier School">Le Rocquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Quennevais_School" title="Les Quennevais School">Les Quennevais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_College,_Jersey" title="Victoria College, Jersey">Victoria College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_College,_Jersey" title="Highlands College, Jersey">Highlands College, Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Convent_School" title="Beaulieu Convent School">Beaulieu Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_College,_Jersey" title="De La Salle College, Jersey">De La Salle College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Preparatory_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Preparatory School">St Michael's Preparatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Jersey" title="Geology of Jersey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">Parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_on_Jersey" title="List of reservoirs on Jersey">Reservoirs</a></li> <li>Places in the islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Aubin,_Jersey" title="Saint Aubin, Jersey">Saint Aubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorey,_Jersey" title="Gorey, Jersey">Gorey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey" title="Politics of Jersey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(Channel_Islands)" title="Bailiff (Channel Islands)">Bailiff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bailiffs_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bailiffs of Jersey">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jersey" title="Constitution of Jersey">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Jersey)" title="Council of Ministers (Jersey)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Customs_and_Immigration_Service" title="States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service">Customs and Immigration Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jersey" title="Elections in Jersey">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_relations_of_Jersey" title="External relations of Jersey">External relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_Assembly_(Jersey)" title="Parish Assembly (Jersey)">Parish Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Jersey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conn%C3%A9table_(Jersey_and_Guernsey)" title="Connétable (Jersey and Guernsey)">Connétable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procureur_du_Bien_Public" title="Procureur du Bien Public">Procureur du Bien Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Militia_of_the_Island_of_Jersey" title="Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey">Royal Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">States Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_States_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the States Assembly">List of members of the States Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Viscounts_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Viscounts of Jersey">Viscounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jersey" title="Law of Jersey">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Jersey" title="Courts of Jersey">Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_(Jersey)" title="Royal Court (Jersey)">Royal</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greffier" title="Greffier">Greffier</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_La_Moye" title="HM Prison La Moye">HM Prison La Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_French" title="Jersey Legal French">Jersey Legal French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_judiciary_of_Jersey" title="List of members of the judiciary of Jersey">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurat#Jersey" title="Jurat">Jurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Police" title="States of Jersey Police">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Police" title="Honorary Police">Honorary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jersey" title="Economy of Jersey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_Jersey" title="Financial services in Jersey">Financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Electricity_Company" title="Jersey Electricity Company">Jersey Electricity Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Financial_Services_Commission" title="Jersey Financial Services Commission">Jersey Financial Services Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Post" title="Jersey Post">Jersey Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_pound" title="Jersey pound">Jersey pound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Jersey_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Jersey pound">coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_livre" title="Jersey livre">Livre <span style="font-size:85%;">(former currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads in Jersey">Roads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roads_Committee" title="Roads Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visite_du_Branchage" title="Visite du Branchage">Visite du Branchage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Jersey" title="Taxation in Jersey">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JT_Group_Limited" title="JT Group Limited">JT Group Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtel_Solutions" title="Newtel Solutions">Newtel Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sure_(company)" title="Sure (company)">Sure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airtel-Vodafone" title="Airtel-Vodafone">Airtel-Vodafone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jersey" title="Tourism in Jersey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jersey" title="Transport in Jersey">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Airport" title="Jersey Airport">airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Battle_of_Flowers" title="Jersey Battle of Flowers">Battle of Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Jersey" title="Catholic Church in Jersey">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jersey" title="Demographics of Jersey">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell_Wildlife_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Durrell Wildlife Park">Durrell Wildlife Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Jersey" title="Category:Education in Jersey">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Eisteddfod" title="Jersey Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais_literature" title="Jèrriais literature">Jèrriais literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cattle" title="Jersey cattle">Jersey cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_people" title="Jersey people">Jersey people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Royal_potato" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Royal potato">Jersey Royal potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jersey">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Live" title="Jersey Live">Jersey Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Opera_House" title="Jersey Opera House">Opera House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jersey" title="Religion in Jersey">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Jersey" title="Sport in Jersey">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Jersey" title="Theatre of Jersey">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Jersey" title="Mass media in Jersey">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Jersey" title="BBC Radio Jersey">BBC Radio Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_103" title="Channel 103">Channel 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Channel_Television" title="ITV Channel Television">ITV Channel Television</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Evening_Post" title="Jersey Evening Post">Jersey Evening Post</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man#Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Home_(anthem)" title="Island Home (anthem)">Anthem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Jersey" title="Beautiful Jersey">Beautiful Jersey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Jersey" title="Coat of arms of Jersey">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jersey" title="Flag of Jersey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Day (Jersey)">Liberation Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vingtaines_by_parish380" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">Vingtaines</a> by <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">parish</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville" title="Vingtaine de la Ville">de la Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rouge_Bouillon" title="Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon">du Rouge Bouillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Bas_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre">de Bas du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Haut_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre">de Haut du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_%C3%A0_l%27Abb%C3%A9" title="Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé">du Mont à l'Abbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_Cochon" title="Vingtaine du Mont Cochon">du Mont Cochon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grouville" title="Grouville">Grouville</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Marais" title="Vingtaine des Marais">des Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Rue" title="Vingtaine de la Rue">de la Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Longueville" title="Vingtaine de Longueville">de Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Rocque" title="Vingtaine de la Rocque">de la Rocque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minquiers" title="Minquiers">Les Minquiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Brelade" title="St Brelade">St Brelade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Noirmont" title="Vingtaine de Noirmont">de Noirmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin" title="Vingtaine du Coin">du Coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Quennevais" title="Vingtaine des Quennevais">des Quennevais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Moye" title="Vingtaine de la Moye">de la Moye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Clement,_Jersey" title="St Clement, Jersey">Saint Clement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Vingtaine_(St_Clement)" title="Grande Vingtaine (St Clement)">Grande Vingtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rocquier" title="Vingtaine du Rocquier">du Rocquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Samar%C3%A8s" title="Vingtaine de Samarès">de Samarès</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_John,_Jersey" title="St John, Jersey">Saint John</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Nord_(St_John)" title="Vingtaine du Nord (St John)">du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_H%C3%A9rupe" title="Vingtaine de Hérupe">de Hérupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Douet_(St_John)" title="Vingtaine du Douet (St John)">du Douet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence,_Jersey" title="St Lawrence, Jersey">Saint Lawrence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Vingtaine de la Vallée">de la Vallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_H%C3%A2tain" title="Vingtaine du Coin Hâtain">du Coin Hâtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Motier" title="Vingtaine du Coin Motier">du Coin Motier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Tourgis_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Nord">du Coin Tourgis Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Tourgis_Sud" title="Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Sud">du Coin Tourgis Sud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Martin,_Jersey" title="St Martin, Jersey">Saint Martin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Rozel" title="Vingtaine de Rozel">de Rozel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Faldouet" title="Vingtaine de Faldouet">de Faldouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Qu%C3%A9ru%C3%A9e" title="Vingtaine de la Quéruée">de la Quéruée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_l%27%C3%89glise" title="Vingtaine de l'Église">de l'Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Fief_de_la_Reine" title="Vingtaine du Fief de la Reine">du Fief de la Reine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cr%C3%A9hous" title="Écréhous">Les Écréhous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary,_Jersey" title="St Mary, Jersey">Saint Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Sud" title="Vingtaine du Sud">du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Nord_(St_Mary)" title="Vingtaine du Nord (St Mary)">du Nord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Ouen,_Jersey" title="St Ouen, Jersey">Saint Ouen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petite_Cueillette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petite Cueillette (page does not exist)">Petite Cueillette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_Cueillette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande Cueillette (page does not exist)">Grande Cueillette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Grantez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Grantez (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Grantez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Millais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Millais (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Millais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Vinchelez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Vinchelez (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Vinchelez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_L%C3%A9oville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Léoville (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Léoville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Peter,_Jersey" title="St Peter, Jersey">Saint Peter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Douet_(St_Peter)" title="Vingtaine du Douet (St Peter)">du Douet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_St._Nicolas" title="Vingtaine de St. Nicolas">de St. Nicolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Vingtaine_(St_Peter)" title="Grande Vingtaine (St Peter)">Grand Vingtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Augerez" title="Vingtaine des Augerez">des Augerez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Varin" title="Vingtaine du Coin Varin">du Coin Varin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Saviour,_Jersey" title="St Saviour, Jersey">Saint Saviour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Maufant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Maufant (page does not exist)">de Maufant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Sous_la_Hougue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Sous la Hougue (page does not exist)">de Sous la Hougue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_des_Pigneaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine des Pigneaux (page does not exist)">des Pigneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_la_Grande_Longueville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de la Grande Longueville (page does not exist)">de la Grande Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_la_Petite_Longueville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de la Petite Longueville (page does not exist)">de la Petite Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Sous_l%27%C3%89glise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Sous l'Église (page does not exist)">de Sous l'Église</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trinity,_Jersey" title="Trinity, Jersey">Trinity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville-%C3%A0-l%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Vingtaine de la Ville-à-l'Évêque">de la Ville-à-l'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Rozel" title="Vingtaine de Rozel">de Rozel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rondin" title="Vingtaine du Rondin">du Rondin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Augr%C3%A8s" title="Vingtaine des Augrès">des Augrès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Croiserie" title="Vingtaine de la Croiserie">de la Croiserie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jersey" title="Outline of Jersey">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jersey" title="Bibliography of Jersey">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jersey" title="Category:Jersey">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Europe122" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture" title="Template:Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture" title="Template talk:Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Europe122" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">Culture of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Andorra" title="Culture of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia" title="Culture of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Austria" title="Culture of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belarus" title="Culture of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belgium" title="Culture of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bulgaria" title="Culture of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Culture of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Denmark" title="Culture of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Estonia" title="Culture of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Finland" title="Culture of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary" title="Culture of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iceland" title="Culture of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kazakhstan" title="Culture of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Latvia" title="Culture of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Luxembourg" title="Culture of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malta" title="Culture of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Moldova" title="Culture of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Culture of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Macedonia" title="Culture of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" title="Culture of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Poland" title="Culture of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Serbia" title="Culture of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Slovakia" title="Culture of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Slovenia" title="Culture of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden" title="Culture of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ukraine" title="Culture of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Abkhazia" title="Culture of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kosovo" title="Culture of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Culture of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Culture of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guernsey" title="Culture of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&oldid=1266313591#Music_and_dance">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Jersey&oldid=1266313591#Music_and_dance</a>"</div></div> 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