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border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#000000;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="55%" style="vertical-align:top;padding: 0; margin:0;"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to Radio</div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Radio_Portal"><big>The Radio Portal</big></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg/240px-Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="272" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg/360px-Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg/480px-Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="1528"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radio_towers_on_Sandia_Peak_-_closeup.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A variety of radio <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antennas</a> on <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandia_Mountains" title="Sandia Mountains">Sandia Peak</a> near <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>, New Mexico, United States</div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a></b> is the technology of signaling and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">communicating</a> using <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">radio waves</a>. Radio waves are <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic wave">electromagnetic waves</a> of <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> between 30 <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a> (Hz) and 300 <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigahertz">gigahertz</a> (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitter</a> connected to an <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> which radiates the waves, and received by another antenna connected to a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">radio receiver</a>. Radio is very widely used in modern technology, in radio communication, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_navigation" title="Radio navigation">radio navigation</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_control" title="Remote control">remote control</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, and other applications. </p><p>In <b>radio communication</b>, used in <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio</a> and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_broadcasting" title="Television broadcasting">television broadcasting</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone">cell phones</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radio" title="Two-way radio">two-way radios</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">wireless networking</a>, and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite communication">satellite communication</a>, among numerous other uses, radio waves are used to carry information across space from a transmitter to a receiver, by <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">modulating</a> the radio signal (impressing an information signal on the radio wave by varying some aspect of the wave) in the transmitter. In <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, used to locate and track objects like aircraft, ships, spacecraft and missiles, a beam of radio waves emitted by a radar transmitter reflects off the target object, and the reflected waves reveal the object's location. In <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_navigation" title="Radio navigation">radio navigation</a> systems such as <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a> and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHF_omnidirectional_range" title="VHF omnidirectional range">VOR</a>, a mobile receiver accepts radio signals from <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_beacon" title="Radio beacon">navigational radio beacons</a> whose position is known, and by precisely measuring the arrival time of the radio waves the receiver can calculate its position on Earth. In wireless <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_control" title="Radio control">radio remote control</a> devices like <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (aircraft)">drones</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garage_door_opener" title="Garage door opener">garage door openers</a>, and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyless_entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyless entry system">keyless entry systems</a>, radio signals transmitted from a controller device control the actions of a remote device. (<b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Radio&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column" style="flex:3"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="Selected_article_-_show_another">Selected article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Radio&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><span style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(radio_series)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series)"><i>The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</i></a></b> is a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic science fiction">science fiction comedy</a> radio series written by <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a> (with some material in the first series provided by <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lloyd_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lloyd (writer)">John Lloyd</a>). It was originally broadcast in the United Kingdom by <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> in 1978, and afterwards the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> in the US and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a> in Canada. The series was the first radio comedy programme to be produced in stereo, and was innovative in its use of music and sound effects, winning a number of awards. </p> The series follows the adventures of hapless Englishman <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Dent" title="Arthur Dent">Arthur Dent</a> and his friend <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Prefect_(character)" title="Ford Prefect (character)">Ford Prefect</a>, an alien who writes for <i><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(fictional)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (fictional)">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a></i>, a pan-galactic encyclopaedia and travel guide. After Earth is destroyed in the first episode, Arthur and Ford find themselves aboard a stolen spaceship piloted by <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaphod_Beeblebrox" title="Zaphod Beeblebrox">Zaphod Beeblebrox</a> (Ford's semi-cousin and Galactic President), depressed <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robot</a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_the_Paranoid_Android" title="Marvin the Paranoid Android">Marvin</a>, and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillian_(character)" title="Trillian (character)">Trillian</a>, the only other human survivor of Earth's destruction. (<b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(radio_series)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series)">Full article...</a></b>)<div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center;"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: White;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WABC_(AM)" title="WABC (AM)">WABC (AM)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_BBC_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Local BBC Radio">Local BBC Radio</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Allen" title="Fred Allen">Fred Allen</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern" title="Howard Stern">Howard Stern</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry Wogan</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">Radio spectrum</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Radio" title="Golden Age of Radio">Golden Age of Radio</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_amateur_radio_frequency_bands_in_India" title="List of amateur radio frequency bands in India">List of amateur radio frequency bands in India</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite radio</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJSV_broadcast_day" title="WJSV broadcast day">WJSV broadcast day</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCBS-FM" title="WCBS-FM">WCBS-FM</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds_(1938_radio_drama)" title="The War of the Worlds (1938 radio drama)">The War of the Worlds (1938 radio drama)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Prairie_Home_Companion" title="A Prairie Home Companion">A Prairie Home Companion</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">Shortwave radio</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Havana_Cuba" title="Radio Havana Cuba">Radio Havana Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radio" title="Two-way radio">Two-way radio</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Radio_Service" title="Family Radio Service">Family Radio Service</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Radio_Network" title="NBC Radio Network">NBC Radio Network</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Goon_Show" title="The Goon Show">The Goon Show</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_the_Horne" title="Round the Horne">Round the Horne</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_filter" title="Mechanical filter">Mechanical filter</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel,_Shyster,_and_Flywheel" title="Flywheel, Shyster, and Flywheel">Flywheel, Shyster, and Flywheel</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_Interception_radar" title="Airborne Interception radar">Airborne Interception radar</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_Mk._IV_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="AI Mk. IV radar">AI Mk. IV radar</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%E2%80%931994_British_broadcasting_voice_restrictions" title="1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions">1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_of_public_radio_broadcasting" title="Birth of public radio broadcasting">Birth of public radio broadcasting</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital radio in the United Kingdom">Digital radio in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_marketing_agreement" title="Local marketing agreement">Local marketing agreement</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted-F_antenna" title="Inverted-F antenna">Inverted-F antenna</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2010)" title="Smooth Radio (2010)">Smooth Radio (2010)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quatermass_Memoirs" title="The Quatermass Memoirs">The Quatermass Memoirs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_listening" title="Shortwave listening">Shortwave listening</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_1_Madonna_controversy" title="Radio 1 Madonna controversy">Radio 1 Madonna controversy</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_dividers_and_directional_couplers" title="Power dividers and directional couplers">Power dividers and directional couplers</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_B" title="Planet B">Planet B</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_Radios" title="Majestic Radios">Majestic Radios</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Steel%27s_in_Town" title="Mark Steel's in Town">Mark Steel's in Town</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Vessells_John" title="Alma Vessells John">Alma Vessells John</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Boortz" title="Neal Boortz">Neal Boortz</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Dee" title="Mary Dee">Mary Dee</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Museum_of_Curiosity" title="The Museum of Curiosity">The Museum of Curiosity</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Savage" title="Michael Savage">Michael Savage</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_A._Lafount" title="Harold A. Lafount">Harold A. Lafount</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Withers" title="Jane Withers">Jane Withers</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konnie_Huq" title="Konnie Huq">Konnie Huq</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigipedia" title="Bigipedia">Bigipedia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Tower" title="Tokyo Tower">Tokyo Tower</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Dahl" title="Steve Dahl">Steve Dahl</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quatermass_Memoirs" title="The Quatermass Memoirs">The Quatermass Memoirs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">Radio receiver</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_band_radio" title="Citizens band radio">Citizens band radio</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_message" title="Arecibo message">Arecibo message</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintage_amateur_radio" title="Vintage amateur radio">Vintage amateur radio</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Russell_Brand_Show_prank_calls_row" title="The Russell Brand Show prank calls row">The Russell Brand Show prank calls row</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="General_images_-_load_new_batch">General images - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Radio&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><span style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various radio-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container" data-showthumbnails=""> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:45.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dipole_receiving_antenna_animation_6_800x394x150ms.gif" class="image" title="Image 1Animated diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna receiving a radio wave. The antenna consists of two metal rods connected to a receiver R. The electric field (E, green arrows) of the incoming wave pushes the electrons in the rods back and forth, charging the ends alternately positive (+) and negative (−). Since the length of the antenna is one half the wavelength of the wave, the oscillating field induces standing waves of voltage (V, represented by red band) and current in the rods. The oscillating currents (black arrows) flow down the transmission line and through the receiver (represented by the resistance R). (from Radio wave)"><img alt="Image 1Animated diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna receiving a radio wave. The antenna consists of two metal rods connected to a receiver R. The electric field (E, green arrows) of the incoming wave pushes the electrons in the rods back and forth, charging the ends alternately positive (+) and negative (−). Since the length of the antenna is one half the wavelength of the wave, the oscillating field induces standing waves of voltage (V, represented by red band) and current in the rods. The oscillating currents (black arrows) flow down the transmission line and through the receiver (represented by the resistance R). (from Radio wave)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dipole_receiving_antenna_animation_6_800x394x150ms.gif/120px-Dipole_receiving_antenna_animation_6_800x394x150ms.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dipole_receiving_antenna_animation_6_800x394x150ms.gif/180px-Dipole_receiving_antenna_animation_6_800x394x150ms.gif 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dipole_receiving_antenna_animation_6_800x394x150ms.gif/240px-Dipole_receiving_antenna_animation_6_800x394x150ms.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="394"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>Animated diagram of a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-wave_dipole" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-wave dipole">half-wave dipole</a> antenna receiving a radio wave. The antenna consists of two metal rods connected to a receiver <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span>. The <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field">electric field</a> (<span style="color:green;"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">E</span>, green arrows</span>) of the incoming wave pushes the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> in the rods back and forth, charging the ends alternately positive <span style="color:red;">(+)</span> and negative <span style="color:blue;">(−)</span>. Since the length of the antenna is one half the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> of the wave, the oscillating field induces <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_wave" title="Standing wave">standing waves</a> of voltage (<span style="color:red;"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">V</span>, represented by red band</span>) and current in the rods. The oscillating currents (black arrows) flow down the transmission line and through the receiver (represented by the resistance <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span>). (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio wave</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:26.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NBS_120_Set.jpg" class="image" title="Image 2In the 1920s, the United States government publication, "Construction and Operation of a Simple Homemade Radio Receiving Outfit", showed how almost any person handy with simple tools could a build an effective crystal radio receiver. (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 2In the 1920s, the United States government publication, "Construction and Operation of a Simple Homemade Radio Receiving Outfit", showed how almost any person handy with simple tools could a build an effective crystal radio receiver. (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NBS_120_Set.jpg/120px-NBS_120_Set.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NBS_120_Set.jpg/180px-NBS_120_Set.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NBS_120_Set.jpg/240px-NBS_120_Set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="222"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>In the 1920s, the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">United States government publication</a>, "<i>Construction and Operation of a Simple Homemade Radio Receiving Outfit</i>", showed how almost any person handy with simple tools could a build an effective <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_radio" title="Crystal radio">crystal radio</a> receiver. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Clerk_Maxwell_sitting.jpg" class="image" title="Image 3James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), the founder of electromagnetism theory (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 3James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), the founder of electromagnetism theory (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/James_Clerk_Maxwell_sitting.jpg/100px-James_Clerk_Maxwell_sitting.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/James_Clerk_Maxwell_sitting.jpg/150px-James_Clerk_Maxwell_sitting.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/James_Clerk_Maxwell_sitting.jpg/201px-James_Clerk_Maxwell_sitting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="837"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), the founder of electromagnetism theory (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:48px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Family_of_Radio_Maria.png" class="image" title="Image 4Worldwide presence of Radio Maria broadcasters. (from Radio broadcasting)"><img alt="Image 4Worldwide presence of Radio Maria broadcasters. (from Radio broadcasting)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/World_Family_of_Radio_Maria.png/120px-World_Family_of_Radio_Maria.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/World_Family_of_Radio_Maria.png/180px-World_Family_of_Radio_Maria.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/World_Family_of_Radio_Maria.png/240px-World_Family_of_Radio_Maria.png 2x" data-file-width="1393" data-file-height="628"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Worldwide presence of <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Maria" title="Radio Maria">Radio Maria</a> broadcasters. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soire%C3%A9-Musicale.jpg" class="image" title="Image 5Advertisement placed in the November 5, 1919 Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant announcing PCGG's debut broadcast scheduled for the next evening. (from Radio broadcasting)"><img alt="Image 5Advertisement placed in the November 5, 1919 Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant announcing PCGG's debut broadcast scheduled for the next evening. (from Radio broadcasting)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Soire%C3%A9-Musicale.jpg/100px-Soire%C3%A9-Musicale.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Soire%C3%A9-Musicale.jpg/150px-Soire%C3%A9-Musicale.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Soire%C3%A9-Musicale.jpg/200px-Soire%C3%A9-Musicale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="264"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>Advertisement placed in the November 5, 1919 <i>Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant</i> announcing PCGG's debut broadcast scheduled for the next evening. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:27px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg" class="image" title="Image 6The first commercial AM Audion vacuum tube radio transmitter, built in 1914 by Lee De Forest who invented the Audion (triode) in 1906 (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 6The first commercial AM Audion vacuum tube radio transmitter, built in 1914 by Lee De Forest who invented the Audion (triode) in 1906 (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg/120px-First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg/180px-First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg/240px-First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="360"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>The first commercial AM <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audion" title="Audion">Audion</a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tube</a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">radio transmitter</a>, built in 1914 by <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_De_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee De Forest">Lee De Forest</a> who invented the Audion (<a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triode" title="Triode">triode</a>) in 1906 (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Julio_Cervera_Baviera.jpg" class="image" title="Image 7Julio Cervera Baviera (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 7Julio Cervera Baviera (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Julio_Cervera_Baviera.jpg/115px-Julio_Cervera_Baviera.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Julio_Cervera_Baviera.jpg/173px-Julio_Cervera_Baviera.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Julio_Cervera_Baviera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="187"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Julio Cervera Baviera (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:31px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brox_(Sisters)_LCCN2014717186.jpg" class="image" title="Image 8Around 1920, radio broadcasting started to get popular. A group of women gathered around the radio at the time. (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 8Around 1920, radio broadcasting started to get popular. A group of women gathered around the radio at the time. (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brox_%28Sisters%29_LCCN2014717186.jpg/120px-Brox_%28Sisters%29_LCCN2014717186.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brox_%28Sisters%29_LCCN2014717186.jpg/180px-Brox_%28Sisters%29_LCCN2014717186.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brox_%28Sisters%29_LCCN2014717186.jpg/240px-Brox_%28Sisters%29_LCCN2014717186.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4528" data-file-height="3336"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Around 1920, radio broadcasting started to get popular. A group of women gathered around the radio at the time. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:28px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dipole_xmting_antenna_animation_4_408x318x150ms.gif" class="image" title="Image 9Animation of a half-wave dipole antenna radiating radio waves, showing the electric field lines. The antenna in the center is two vertical metal rods connected to a radio transmitter (not shown). The transmitter applies an alternating electric current to the rods, which charges them alternately positive (+) and negative (−). Loops of electric field leave the antenna and travel away at the speed of light; these are the radio waves. In this animation the action is shown slowed down enormously. (from Radio wave)"><img alt="Image 9Animation of a half-wave dipole antenna radiating radio waves, showing the electric field lines. The antenna in the center is two vertical metal rods connected to a radio transmitter (not shown). The transmitter applies an alternating electric current to the rods, which charges them alternately positive (+) and negative (−). Loops of electric field leave the antenna and travel away at the speed of light; these are the radio waves. In this animation the action is shown slowed down enormously. (from Radio wave)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Dipole_xmting_antenna_animation_4_408x318x150ms.gif/120px-Dipole_xmting_antenna_animation_4_408x318x150ms.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Dipole_xmting_antenna_animation_4_408x318x150ms.gif/180px-Dipole_xmting_antenna_animation_4_408x318x150ms.gif 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Dipole_xmting_antenna_animation_4_408x318x150ms.gif/240px-Dipole_xmting_antenna_animation_4_408x318x150ms.gif 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="318"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Animation of a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-wave_dipole" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-wave dipole">half-wave dipole</a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> radiating radio waves, showing the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field">electric field</a> lines. The antenna in the center is two vertical metal rods connected to a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_transmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio transmitter">radio transmitter</a> (not shown). The transmitter applies an <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating electric current</a> to the rods, which charges them alternately <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive charge">positive</a> (+) and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative charge">negative</a> (−). Loops of electric field leave the antenna and travel away at the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a>; these are the radio waves. In this animation the action is shown slowed down enormously. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio wave</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:37px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radio_waves.svg" class="image" title="Image 10Diagram of the electric fields (E) and magnetic fields (H) of radio waves emitted by a monopole radio transmitting antenna (small dark vertical line in the center). The E and H fields are perpendicular, as implied by the phase diagram in the lower right. (from Radio wave)"><img alt="Image 10Diagram of the electric fields (E) and magnetic fields (H) of radio waves emitted by a monopole radio transmitting antenna (small dark vertical line in the center). The E and H fields are perpendicular, as implied by the phase diagram in the lower right. (from Radio wave)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Radio_waves.svg/120px-Radio_waves.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Radio_waves.svg/180px-Radio_waves.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Radio_waves.svg/240px-Radio_waves.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="585"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>Diagram of the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field">electric fields</a> (E) and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic fields</a> (H) of radio waves emitted by a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopole_antenna" title="Monopole antenna">monopole</a> radio transmitting <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> (small dark vertical line in the center). The E and H fields are perpendicular, as implied by the phase diagram in the lower right. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio wave</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Regency_TR-1.jpg" class="image" title="Image 11The Regency TR-1, which used Texas Instruments' NPN transistors, was the world's first commercially produced transistor radio in 1954. (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 11The Regency TR-1, which used Texas Instruments' NPN transistors, was the world's first commercially produced transistor radio in 1954. (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Regency_TR-1.jpg/80px-Regency_TR-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Regency_TR-1.jpg/120px-Regency_TR-1.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Regency_TR-1.jpg/160px-Regency_TR-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>The <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regency_TR-1" title="Regency TR-1">Regency TR-1</a>, which used <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a>' <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPN_transistor" class="mw-redirect" title="NPN transistor">NPN transistors</a>, was the world's first commercially produced <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_radio" title="Transistor radio">transistor radio</a> in 1954. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radio_Libertaire_3.jpg" class="image" title="Image 12Use of a sound broadcasting station (from Radio broadcasting)"><img alt="Image 12Use of a sound broadcasting station (from Radio broadcasting)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Radio_Libertaire_3.jpg/120px-Radio_Libertaire_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Radio_Libertaire_3.jpg/180px-Radio_Libertaire_3.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Radio_Libertaire_3.jpg/240px-Radio_Libertaire_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>Use of a sound broadcasting station (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:28px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upside_down_Pyramid,_Bratislava_02.jpg" class="image" title="Image 13Slovak Radio Building, Bratislava, Slovakia (architects: Štefan Svetko, Štefan Ďurkovič and Barnabáš Kissling, 1967–1983) (from Radio broadcasting)"><img alt="Image 13Slovak Radio Building, Bratislava, Slovakia (architects: Štefan Svetko, Štefan Ďurkovič and Barnabáš Kissling, 1967–1983) (from Radio broadcasting)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Upside_down_Pyramid%2C_Bratislava_02.jpg/120px-Upside_down_Pyramid%2C_Bratislava_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Upside_down_Pyramid%2C_Bratislava_02.jpg/180px-Upside_down_Pyramid%2C_Bratislava_02.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Upside_down_Pyramid%2C_Bratislava_02.jpg/240px-Upside_down_Pyramid%2C_Bratislava_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4617" data-file-height="3624"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Radio_Building" title="Slovak Radio Building">Slovak Radio Building</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (architects: Štefan Svetko, Štefan Ďurkovič and Barnabáš Kissling, 1967–1983) (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:38px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg" class="image" title="Image 14Electrical engineer/inventor Guglielmo Marconi with the spark-gap transmitter (right) and coherer receiver (left) he used in some of his first long distance radiotelegraphy transmissions during the 1890s. (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 14Electrical engineer/inventor Guglielmo Marconi with the spark-gap transmitter (right) and coherer receiver (left) he used in some of his first long distance radiotelegraphy transmissions during the 1890s. (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Guglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg/120px-Guglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Guglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg/180px-Guglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Guglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg/240px-Guglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1849"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>Electrical engineer/inventor <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> with the <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark-gap_transmitter" title="Spark-gap transmitter">spark-gap transmitter</a> <i>(right)</i> and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherer" title="Coherer">coherer</a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">receiver</a> <i>(left)</i> he used in some of his first long distance <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelegraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiotelegraphy">radiotelegraphy</a> transmissions during the 1890s. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz.jpg" class="image" title="Image 15Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1856-1894) discovered an important step in the process of radio development called the Hertzian waves. (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 15Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1856-1894) discovered an important step in the process of radio development called the Hertzian waves. (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz.jpg/104px-Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz.jpg/155px-Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz.jpg/207px-Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="646"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1856-1894) discovered an important step in the process of radio development called the Hertzian waves. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:33.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Post_Office_Engineers.jpg" class="image" title="Image 16British Post Office engineers inspect Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraphy (radio) equipment in 1897. (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 16British Post Office engineers inspect Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraphy (radio) equipment in 1897. (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Post_Office_Engineers.jpg/120px-Post_Office_Engineers.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Post_Office_Engineers.jpg/180px-Post_Office_Engineers.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Post_Office_Engineers.jpg/240px-Post_Office_Engineers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4440" data-file-height="3065"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>British Post Office engineers inspect Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraphy (radio) equipment in 1897. (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:29.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Manson_working_as_an_employee_of_the_Marconi_Company.jpg" class="image" title="Image 17Donald Manson working as an employee of the Marconi Company (England, 1906) (from History of radio)"><img alt="Image 17Donald Manson working as an employee of the Marconi Company (England, 1906) (from History of radio)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Donald_Manson_working_as_an_employee_of_the_Marconi_Company.jpg/120px-Donald_Manson_working_as_an_employee_of_the_Marconi_Company.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Donald_Manson_working_as_an_employee_of_the_Marconi_Company.jpg/180px-Donald_Manson_working_as_an_employee_of_the_Marconi_Company.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Donald_Manson_working_as_an_employee_of_the_Marconi_Company.jpg/240px-Donald_Manson_working_as_an_employee_of_the_Marconi_Company.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="480"/></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>Donald Manson working as an employee of the Marconi Company (England, 1906) (from <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></b>) </p> </div> </div></li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div 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href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> organist <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Leibert" title="Richard Leibert">Richard Leibert</a></b> eloped twice with the daughter of a U.S. congressman?</li> <li>... that <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_sup%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel">French broadcast regulators</a> failed to mediate a dispute between four Jewish radio stations in Paris sharing the same frequency: <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda%C3%AFques_FM" title="Judaïques FM">Judaïques FM</a></b>, <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCJ_(radio_station)" title="RCJ (radio station)">RCJ</a></b>, <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_J" title="Radio J">Radio J</a></b>, and <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Shalom_(Paris)" title="Radio Shalom (Paris)">Radio Shalom</a></b>?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerine_Barrett" title="Nerine Barrett">Nerine Barrett</a></b>, one of the few black women to have achieved international recognition as a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_classical_pianists" title="List of classical pianists">classical pianist</a>, first performed on <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RJR_94_FM" title="RJR 94 FM">Radio Jamaica</a> for her third birthday?</li> <li>... that ethnic broadcasting pioneer <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shushma_Datt" title="Shushma Datt">Shushma Datt</a></b> was the first Canadian woman to obtain a <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">CRTC</a> broadcast licence?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="Selected_quote_-_show_another">Selected quote - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Radio&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><span style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Cinema, radio, television, magazines are a school of inattention: people look without seeing, listen in without hearing. </td> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align:right; margin-right:10px"> — <b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a></b> </div> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Radio/Selected_quote" title="Portal:Radio/Selected quote">More selected quotes</a></b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_portals">Related portals</span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1093522707">.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><div class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><span class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="image"><img alt="icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/27px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/41px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/54px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92"/></a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television</a></span><span class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="telephone icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/25px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/38px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/50px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722"/> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones</a></span><span class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/25px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></span><span class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="image"><img alt="icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics</a></span></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" 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communications</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Radio_control" data-ct-state="collapsed"></span> </span> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio_control" title="Category:Radio control">Radio control</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Radio_geopositioning" data-ct-state="collapsed"></span> </span> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio_geopositioning" title="Category:Radio geopositioning">Radio geopositioning</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span 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data-ct-state="collapsed"></span> </span> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio_technology" title="Category:Radio technology">Radio technology</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Trunked_radio_systems" data-ct-state="collapsed"></span> </span> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Trunked_radio_systems" title="Category:Trunked radio systems">Trunked radio systems</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Types_of_radios" data-ct-state="collapsed"></span> </span> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Types_of_radios" title="Category:Types of radios">Types of radios</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Weather_radio" data-ct-state="collapsed"></span> </span> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weather_radio" title="Category:Weather radio">Weather radio</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Radio_websites" data-ct-state="collapsed"></span> </span> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio_websites" title="Category:Radio websites">Radio websites</a></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div 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style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="Radio_topics">Radio topics</span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049300">.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox th,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox td,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-subgroup,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Analog_and_digital_audio_broadcasting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Audio_broadcasting" title="Template talk:Audio broadcasting"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Audio_broadcasting&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Analog_and_digital_audio_broadcasting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog</a> and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a> <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">modulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">COFDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_allocation" title="Frequency allocation">Frequency allocations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">LW</a> (<a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">LF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">MW</a> (<a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">MF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">SW</a> (<a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> (<a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_I" title="Band I">low</a> / <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_II" title="Band II">mid</a> / <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_III" title="Band III">high</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L_band" title="L band">L band</a> (<a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAM-D" title="CAM-D">CAM-D</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB/DAB+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">DRM/DRM+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMeXtra" title="FMeXtra">FMeXtra</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">HD Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Digital_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Digital Radio (page does not exist)">CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2 Lite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency allocations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">K<sub>u</sub> band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L_band" title="L band">L band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_Digital_Radio" title="Astra Digital Radio">ADR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio broadcasting">DAB-S</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-SH" title="DVB-SH">DVB-SH</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-DMB" title="S-DMB">S-DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETSI_Satellite_Digital_Radio" title="ETSI Satellite Digital Radio">SDR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial radio</a> providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_codec" title="Audio codec">Codecs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Definition_Coding" title="High-Definition Coding">HDC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcarrier" title="Subcarrier">Subcarrier</a> signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation_signalling_system" title="Amplitude modulation signalling system">AMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectBand" title="DirectBand">DirectBand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program-associated_data" title="Program-associated data">PAD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Data_System" title="Radio Data System">RDS/RBDS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary_communications_authority" title="Subsidiary communications authority">SCA/SCMO</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Radio_Channel" title="Data Radio Channel">DARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical (audio)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio data compression">Audio data compression</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">Audio signal processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical (<a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo" title="AM stereo">AM stereo</a> formats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Belar_System" title="AM stereo">Belar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-QUAM" title="C-QUAM">C-QUAM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Harris_System" title="AM stereo">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Kahn-Hazeltine" title="AM stereo">Kahn-Hazeltine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_stereo#Magnavox_System" title="AM stereo">Magnavox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical (emission)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_expanded_band" title="AM expanded band">AM expanded band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_radio" title="Cable radio">Cable radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">Error detection and correction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcast_band" title="FM broadcast band">FM broadcast band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_extended_band_in_Brazil" title="FM extended band in Brazil">FM extended band in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipath_propagation" title="Multipath propagation">Multipath propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_relay_station" title="Shortwave relay station">Shortwave relay station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">International broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="noviewer" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22"/> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radio portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_radio_systems" title="Comparison of radio systems">Comparison of radio systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049300"/> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_spectrum_(ITU)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Radio_spectrum" title="Template:Radio spectrum"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_spectrum" title="Template talk:Radio spectrum"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Radio_spectrum&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_spectrum_(ITU)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">Radio spectrum</a> (ITU)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency" title="Extremely low frequency">ELF</a></b> <br/> 3 Hz/100 Mm <br/> 30 Hz/10 Mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_low_frequency" title="Super low frequency">SLF</a></b> <br/> 30 Hz/10 Mm <br/> 300 Hz/1 Mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_low_frequency" title="Ultra low frequency">ULF</a></b> <br/> 300 Hz/1 Mm <br/> 3 kHz/100 km </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency">VLF</a></b> <br/> 3 kHz/100 km <br/> 30 kHz/10 km </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">LF</a></b> <br/> 30 kHz/10 km <br/> 300 kHz/1 km </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">MF</a></b> <br/> 300 kHz/1 km <br/> 3 MHz/100 m </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a></b> <br/> 3 MHz/100 m <br/> 30 MHz/10 m </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></b> <br/> 30 MHz/10 m <br/> 300 MHz/1 m </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></b> <br/> 300 MHz/1 m <br/> 3 GHz/100 mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">SHF</a></b> <br/> 3 GHz/100 mm <br/> 30 GHz/10 mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_high_frequency" title="Extremely high frequency">EHF</a></b> <br/> 30 GHz/10 mm <br/> 300 GHz/1 mm </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremendously_high_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremendously high frequency">THF</a></b> <br/> 300 GHz/1 mm <br/> 3 THz/0.1 mm </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="noviewer" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22"/> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radio portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <table width="100%" style="background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">Formats</a> </th> <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_radio" title="Music radio">Music radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-time_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Old-time radio">Old-time radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">Radio comedy</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_documentary" title="Radio documentary">Radio documentary</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_drama" title="Radio drama">Radio drama</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Networks</a> </th> <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">Columbia Broadcasting System</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">National Broadcasting Company</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People" title="People">People</a> </th> <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Allen" title="Fred Allen">Fred Allen</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracie_Allen" title="Gracie Allen">Gracie Allen</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Ameche" title="Don Ameche">Don Ameche</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Connors" title="Jim Connors">Jim Connors</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Conrad" title="Frank Conrad">Frank Conrad</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Corwin" title="Norman Corwin">Norman Corwin</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Crocker" title="Frankie Crocker">Frankie Crocker</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Faye" title="Alice Faye">Alice Faye</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Freberg" title="Stan Freberg">Stan Freberg</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaughn_Harper" title="Vaughn Harper">Vaughn Harper</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Harris" title="Phil Harris">Phil Harris</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Jackson" title="Hal Jackson">Hal Jackson</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Jones" title="Spike Jones">Spike Jones</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._V._Kaltenborn" title="H. V. Kaltenborn">Hans von Kaltenborn</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Kyser" title="Kay Kyser">Kay Kyser</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Langford" title="Frances Langford">Frances Langford</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_McLeod" title="Elizabeth McLeod">Elizabeth McLeod</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Carrol_Naish" title="J. Carrol Naish">J. Carrol Naish</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzie_Nelson" title="Ozzie Nelson">Ozzie Nelson</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Oboler" title="Arch Oboler">Arch Oboler</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Parker" title="Dorothy Parker">Dorothy Parker</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Payne" title="Virginia Payne">Virginia Payne</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Peary" title="Harold Peary">Harold Peary</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Smith" title="Kate Smith">Kate Smith</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stern" title="Howard Stern">Howard Stern</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Toubin" title="Jonathan Toubin">Jonathan Toubin</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurene_Tuttle" title="Lurene Tuttle">Lurene Tuttle</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Rudy Vallée">Rudy Vallée</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Waring" title="Fred Waring">Fred Waring</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio show">Shows</a> </th> <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_%27n%27_Andy" title="Amos 'n' Andy">Amos 'n' Andy</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Oboler%27s_Plays" title="Arch Oboler's Plays">Arch Oboler's Plays</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns_and_Allen" title="Burns and Allen">Burns and Allen</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalcade_of_America" title="Cavalcade of America">Cavalcade of America</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Radio_Mystery_Theater" title="CBS Radio Mystery Theater">CBS Radio Mystery Theater</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragnet_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragnet (series)">Dragnet</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffy%27s_Tavern" title="Duffy's Tavern">Duffy's Tavern</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibber_McGee_and_Molly" title="Fibber McGee and Molly">Fibber McGee and Molly</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Goldbergs_(broadcast_series)" title="The Goldbergs (broadcast series)">The Goldbergs</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Howard_Stern_Show" title="The Howard Stern Show">The Howard Stern Show</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Sanctum_Mysteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner Sanctum Mysteries">Inner Sanctum Mysteries</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jack_Benny_Program" title="The Jack Benny Program">The Jack Benny Program</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_with_Luigi" title="Life with Luigi">Life with Luigi</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lights_Out_(radio_show)" title="Lights Out (radio show)">Lights Out</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lux Radio Theater">Lux Radio Theater</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opie_and_Anthony" title="Opie and Anthony">Opie and Anthony</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Archers" title="The Archers">The Archers</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(radio_series)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series)">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Phil_Harris-Alice_Faye_Show" title="The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show">The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiz_Kids" title="Quiz Kids">Quiz Kids</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Screen_Guild_Theater" title="The Screen Guild Theater">The Screen Guild Theater</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shadow" title="The Shadow">The Shadow</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspense_(radio_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspense (radio program)">Suspense</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater_Guild_on_the_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater Guild on the Air">Theater Guild on the Air</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty_Questions" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty Questions">Twenty Questions</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Whistler" class="mw-redirect" title="The Whistler">The Whistler</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yours_Truly,_Johnny_Dollar" title="Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar">Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> </th> <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">Amateur radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM broadcasting</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM broadcasting</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">International broadcasting</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Radio">Internet Radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">Digital Radio Mondiale</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">HD Radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">Digital Audio Broadcasting</a> and <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Radio" title="GNU Radio">GNU Radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software-defined_radio" title="Software-defined radio">Software-defined radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_radio" title="Transistor radio">Transistor radio</a>, <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tube</a> <p><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Industry</a> </th> <td align="left" valign="top"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">radio promotion</a> <p><br/> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="WikiProjects">WikiProjects</span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="floatright"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Group_people_icon.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Group people icon.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/58px-Group_people_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/87px-Group_people_icon.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/116px-Group_people_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1020"/></a></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Radio" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Radio">Radio</a></b> <i>December 12, 2006</i> "...to create, expand, and maintain wikipedia articles related to radio, including radio propagation and reception, radio programming, radio personalities, and the business of radio." (Example: <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Radio_Stations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Radio Stations">Radio Stations</a></b> <i>February 15, 2005</i> "...to coordinate the activities of creating and maintaining articles about radio stations." (Example: <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_FM_Kingborough_%26_Huon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulse FM Kingborough & Huon (page does not exist)">Pulse FM Kingborough & Huon</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Podcasting" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Podcasting">Podcasting</a></b> <i>January 21, 2007</i> "...to make Wikipedia's knowledge of notable Podcast and podcast-related information as complete as possible." (Example: <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">Podcast</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Amateur_radio" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Amateur radio">Amateur Radio</a></b> <b>(Inactive)</b>, <i>August 24, 2006</i> "...to improve Wikipedia's articles related to Amateur radio, maintain the amateur radio category and its sub-categories for clean organization, and to produce and maintain templates for Amateur radio-related topic identification." (Example: <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">Amateur radio</a>)</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="Associated_Wikimedia">Associated Wikimedia</span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1007624485">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Radio" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Radio">Commons</a></span><br/>Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/></a></div></div> </div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Radio">Wikibooks</a></span><br/>Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"/></a></div></div> </div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Radio">Wikidata</a></span><br/>Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Radio">Wikinews</a></span><br/>Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Radio">Wikiquote</a></span><br/>Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Radio">Wikisource</a></span><br/>Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Radio">Wikiversity</a></span><br/>Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"/></a></div></div> </div> <div><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111437/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Radio" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Radio">Wiktionary</a></span><br/>Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#82ABD8;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #A2B0BF;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#F4F9FF;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007624485"/> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="List of all portals"><img alt="List of all portals" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="The arts portal"><img alt="The arts portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Biography portal"><img alt="Biography portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Current events portal"><img alt="Current events portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Geography portal"><img alt="Geography portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History" title="History portal"><img alt="History portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Mathematics portal"><img alt="Mathematics portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Science portal"><img alt="Science portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div></div></div> <div><span><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/web/20220807111437/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Society portal"><img alt="Society portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220807111437im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, 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