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id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-詞源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>詞源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詞源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>定义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-内容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#内容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>内容</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-内容-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关内容子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-内容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-教義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>教義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教儀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教儀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>教儀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教儀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教團" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教團"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>教團</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教團-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-起源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关起源子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-萬物有靈論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#萬物有靈論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>萬物有靈論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-萬物有靈論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-前萬物有靈論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前萬物有靈論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>前萬物有靈論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前萬物有靈論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-巫術論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巫術論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>巫術論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巫術論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語言疾病學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語言疾病學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>語言疾病學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語言疾病學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原始一神論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原始一神論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>原始一神論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原始一神論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-功能論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#功能論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>功能論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-功能論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神話結構學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神話結構學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>神話結構學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神話結構學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-批判" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#批判"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>批判</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-批判-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关批判子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-批判-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-宗教理智論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教理智論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>宗教理智論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教理智論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教情感論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教情感論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>宗教情感論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教情感論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教意志論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教意志論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>宗教意志論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教意志論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教終極論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教終極論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>宗教終極論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教終極論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-讨论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#讨论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>讨论</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-讨论-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关讨论子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-讨论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-排他論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#排他論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>排他論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-排他論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-多元論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#多元論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>多元論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-多元論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-兼併論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兼併論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>兼併論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兼併論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>影响</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-影响-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关影响子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化、艺术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化、艺术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>文化、艺术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化、艺术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>科学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>主要宗教</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-主要宗教-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关主要宗教子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-主要宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-非制度性宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非制度性宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>非制度性宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非制度性宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-现存制度性宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#现存制度性宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>现存制度性宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-现存制度性宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他已衰微宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他已衰微宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>其他已衰微宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他已衰微宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-儒教的宗教性爭議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儒教的宗教性爭議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>儒教的宗教性爭議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儒教的宗教性爭議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">宗教</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。230种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-230" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">230种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Адин – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Адин" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godsdiens" title="Godsdiens – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Godsdiens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%83%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%96%E1%89%B5" title="ሃይማኖት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሃይማኖት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relichi%C3%B3n" title="Relichión – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Relichión" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF)" title="دين (معتقد) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دين (معتقد)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%98%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܘܕܝܬܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܘܕܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="دين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="ধৰ্ম – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধৰ্ম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relix%C3%B3n" title="Relixón – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Relixón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alka" title="Alka – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Alka" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupaych%C3%A4wi" title="Yupaychäwi – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Yupaychäwi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viera" title="Viera – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Viera" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relihiyon" title="Relihiyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Relihiyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Рэлігія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэлігія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Рэлігія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэлігія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Религия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Религия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%EA%A9%BB" title="ဘာႏသာႏရေꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဘာႏသာႏရေꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diin%C9%9B" title="Diinɛ – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Diinɛ" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="ধর্ম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆོས་ལུགས། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆོས་ལུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="ধর্ম – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relijion" title="Relijion – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Relijion" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religija" title="Religija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Religija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шажан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3" title="Religió – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Religió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ADng-g%C3%A1u" title="Cŭng-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cŭng-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دین – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riligioni" title="Riligioni – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Riligioni" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD" title="Náboženství – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Náboženství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religij%C3%B4" title="Religijô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Religijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD" title="Тĕн – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crefydd" title="Crefydd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Crefydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Amempuori_(Ghana)" title="Ŋmempuori (Ghana) – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Ŋmempuori (Ghana)" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धर्म – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="धर्म" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Θρησκεία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θρησκεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio" title="Religio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Religio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n" title="Religión – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Religión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religioon" title="Religioon – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Religioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlijio" title="Erlijio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erlijio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n" title="Religión – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Religión" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskonto" title="Uskonto – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uskonto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usk" title="Usk – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Usk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tr%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Átrúnaður – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Átrúnaður" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religjon" title="Religjon – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Religjon" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religy" title="Religy – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Religy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiligi%C3%BAn" title="Reiligiún – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Reiligiún" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="宗教" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9lijyon" title="Rélijyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rélijyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creideamh" title="Creideamh – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Creideamh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relixi%C3%B3n" title="Relixión – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Relixión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroviapy" title="Jeroviapy – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jeroviapy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धर्म – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="धर्म" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craueeaght" title="Craueeaght – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Craueeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addini" title="Addini – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Addini" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-kau" title="Chûng-kau – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%AA" title="דת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5)" title="धर्म (पंथ) – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धर्म (पंथ)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharam" title="Dharam – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dharam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religija" title="Religija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Religija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relijyon" title="Relijyon – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Relijyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A1s" title="Vallás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vallás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Կրոն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengarap" title="Pengarap – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pengarap" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relihion" title="Relihion – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Relihion" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8" title="Ди – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio" title="Religio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Religio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%BAarbr%C3%B6g%C3%B0" title="Trúarbrögð – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Trúarbrögð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religione" title="Religione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Religione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宗教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilijan" title="Rilijan – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rilijan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lijda" title="lijda – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lijda" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="რელიგია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რელიგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajjed" title="Ajjed – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ajjed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwi" title="Khwi – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Khwi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukwikilu" title="Lukwikilu – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Lukwikilu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Дін – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дін" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upperisarsiorneq" title="Upperisarsiorneq – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Upperisarsiorneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6" title="សាសនា – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាសនា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಧರ್ಮ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="종교 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B0%DB%81%D9%8E%D8%A8" title="مَذہَب – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مَذہَب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AEn" title="Dîn – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryjyans" title="Kryjyans – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kryjyans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio" title="Religio – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Religio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relijion" title="Relijion – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Relijion" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relioun" title="Relioun – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Relioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relijio" title="Relijio – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Relijio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relizjie" title="Relizjie – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Relizjie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonz%C3%A1mbe" title="Bonzámbe – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bonzámbe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2" title="ສາສະໜາ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາສະໜາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religija" title="Religija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Religija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C4%A3ija" title="Reliģija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reliģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agh%C3%A2ma" title="Aghâma – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Aghâma" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fivavahana" title="Fivavahana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fivavahana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamo" title="Agamo – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Agamo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Религија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Религија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="മതം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шашин – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шашин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC" title="သာသနာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သာသနာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धर्म – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Agama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C4%A1jon" title="Reliġjon – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Reliġjon" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relegion" title="Relegion – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Relegion" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဘာသာတရား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘာသာတရား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пазнэнь кемема – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пазнэнь кемема" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دین – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teomatiliztli" title="Teomatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Teomatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religgione" title="Religgione – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Religgione" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geleuf" title="Geleuf – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geleuf" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5)" title="धर्म (पन्थ) – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धर्म (पन्थ)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धर्म – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religie" title="Religie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Religie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religione" title="Religione – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Religione" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88rligion" title="Èrligion – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Èrligion" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodumedi" title="Bodumedi – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bodumedi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religions" title="Religions – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Religions" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskondo" title="Uskondo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Uskondo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amantii" title="Amantii – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Amantii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE" title="ଧର୍ମ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଧର୍ମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਧਰਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਰਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relihion" title="Relihion – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Relihion" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arligion" title="Arligion – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arligion" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धम्म – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="धम्म" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilijin" title="Rilijin – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rilijin" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religia" title="Religia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Religia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8" title="مذہب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مذہب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8" title="مذهب – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مذهب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o" title="Religião – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Religião" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1iy" title="Iñiy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiun" title="Religiun – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Religiun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religie" title="Religie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Religie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religie" title="Religie – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Religie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Религия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Религия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Реліґія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Реліґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="धर्मशास्त्रप्रविभागः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="धर्मशास्त्रप्रविभागः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%8D%D2%95%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Итэҕэл – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Итэҕэл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religione" title="Religione – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Religione" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riliggiuni" title="Riliggiuni – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Riliggiuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Releegion" title="Releegion – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Releegion" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8" title="مذهب – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مذهب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religija" title="Religija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Religija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taggayt:Asgd" title="Taggayt:Asgd – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taggayt:Asgd" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="သႃႇသၼႃႇ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သႃႇသၼႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ආගම් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආගම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo" title="Náboženstvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Náboženstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religija" title="Religija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Religija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinamato" title="Chinamato – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chinamato" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diin_(aaminaad)" title="Diin (aaminaad) – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Diin (aaminaad)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feja" title="Feja – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Религија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Религија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukholo" title="Lukholo – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Lukholo" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageman" title="Ageman – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ageman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Religion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dini" title="Dini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religij%C5%8F" title="Religijŏ – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Religijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சமயம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="మతం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ศาสนา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%83%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%96%E1%89%B5" title="ሃይማኖት – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሃይማኖት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relihiyon" title="Relihiyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Relihiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotu" title="Lotu – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lotu" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vukhongeri" title="Vukhongeri – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vukhongeri" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئىسلام – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسلام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Релігія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Релігія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8" title="مذہب – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مذہب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din" title="Din – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Din" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C5%82ijon" title="Rełijon – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rełijon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religii" title="Religii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Religii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4n_gi%C3%A1o" title="Tôn giáo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tôn giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rel" title="Rel – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilidjon" title="Rilidjon – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rilidjon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relihiy%C3%B3n" title="Relihiyón – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Relihiyón" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宗教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="რელიგია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რელიგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="רעליגיע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעליגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80s%C3%ACn" title="Ẹ̀sìn – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀sìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyauq" title="Gyauq – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gyauq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religie" title="Religie – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Religie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B7" title="ⴰⵙⴳⴷ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⴳⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="宗教" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chong-k%C3%A0u" title="Chong-kàu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chong-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宗教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkolo" title="Inkolo 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/440px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>部分宗教符号（从左至右）: <hr /> <small>第一行:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a><br />第二行:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道</a><br />第三行:<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99" title="锡克教">锡克教</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="巴哈伊教">巴哈伊教</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a></small></figcaption></figure> <p><b>宗教</b>（英语：religion）有多种定义，可以是联系人与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="神祇">神祇</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="超自然">超自然</a>、神聖存在的文化体系；还可以定义为，以热情和坚定地信念而坚持信仰的原则或理论体系<sup id="cite_ref-religion_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。按前者定义，可分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="多神論">多神论</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="泛神论">泛神论</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="一神論">一神论</a>。按后者定义，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a>， <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知论">不可知论</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等，也都是不同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教信仰">宗教信仰</a>。这些宗教体系，包括个人行为、传统<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" title="仪式">仪式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%80" title="價值觀">价值观</a>念、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A7%82" title="世界观">世界观</a>念、经典<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="作品">作品</a>、朝拜<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="聖地">圣地</a>、道德规范或社会团体等形式。宗教<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a>是人们对其中某个体系的共识和崇拜。人类学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="克利福德·格爾茨">克利福德·格尔茨</a>声称与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="神话">神话</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>相辅相成，宗教相当于人文社科中的一门包罗万象的“生存之<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>”。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>不同宗教可能包含不同元素，包括但不限于神性，圣物，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a>，超自然存在（一个或多个），给予信徒规范或力量的终极性或超验性生命体验。宗教的表现形式包括仪式，讲道，纪念或崇拜、祭祀神明，牺牲，节日，节庆，殡葬服务，婚姻服务，祷告，音乐，艺术，舞蹈，公共服务或其他文化形式。宗教可能通过神圣历史、叙述（可能通过神圣经文保存）、符号意义和圣地，来记录生命、宇宙或其他事物的起源、并以此表达生命的意义。传统意义上，信仰被认为是宗教信念的来源。全世界大约有10000个不同宗教<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，大约84%的人口附属于五个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="世界主要宗教">世界主要宗教</a>之一，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>或不同形式的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="民间信仰">民俗宗教</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>一些信仰團體，尤其一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="新興宗教">新興宗教</a>，可能會被人定性為「<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99" title="邪教">邪教</a>」；然而，被定性為邪教的信仰團體和正當宗教間通常沒有真正的區別，因此目前美国宗教学术界已摒弃使用「邪教」这个主观概念，取而代之的是不含<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AC%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="贬义">贬义</a>色彩的中性的「新興宗教」概念<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson,_1993_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson,_1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis,_2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis,_2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而一些學者更認為「邪教」一詞是對於具有不同教條和儀式的團體的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%BA%AB%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A" title="人身攻擊">人身攻擊</a>；<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>宗教學者梅根·古德溫（Megan Goodwin）指出，在一般人的用法當中，所謂的「邪教」，其實指的就是「我不喜歡的宗教」，如此而已；<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而宗教學者羅德尼·斯塔克（Rodney Stark）和威廉·西姆斯·本布里奇（William Sims Bainbridge）在1996年出版的《宗教的未來》（The Future of Religion）中，也下評論說「在開始時，所有的宗教都是由隱蔽、微小且偏離主流的『邪教』起家的。」<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞源"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E6.BA.90"></span>詞源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：詞源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>中，<b>宗</b>、<b>教</b>二詞各有其義，本不為一個統一的聯綴詞。按《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="說文解字">說文解字</a>》：「宗者，尊祖廟也，以宗從示。」，「示者，天垂象見吉凶所以示人也，從二。三垂，日月星也，觀乎天文以察時變示神事也。」故而，“宗”表示對被<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%BC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="神格化">神格化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="人格化">人格化</a>的自然宇宙及人類<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖先</a>神靈的尊敬和敬拜。“教”則指<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>、育化、啓發等，进而側重於表述對神道、人道、或某一<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="諸子百家">家</a>理論體系的信仰和傳播，這一點反而與西方的religion一詞內涵較為接近。近代中國常將<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="儒家思想">儒家思想</a>和傳統稱為“聖教”，此“教”的內涵即與西方的religion一詞極為相近。 </p><p>直至公元10世紀，「宗教」作為一個聯綴詞才出現，最先見於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="佛經">佛經</a>，如《續傳燈錄》<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中：「吾住山久，無補<b>宗教</b>，敢以院事累君。」此處的“宗教”一詞，指崇佛傳統及其弟子的教誨，其詞義狹小而具體。但近代以來，隨著中西方交流對中國學術界影響的加深，以及隨著西方19世紀末<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="现代科学">現代科學</a>中<span lang="en">religious studies</span>等新門類的興起和發展，“宗教”一詞於是作為現代漢語中對於「religion」一詞的對應翻譯，具備了廣義性的概念；西方的<span lang="en">religious studies</span>也隨即被翻譯爲了<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教學">宗教學</a>，即以“宗教”為研究對象的學科。宗教學脫胎于更早的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a>，卻超脫了傳統神學中帶有宗教偏見的研究方向，轉而以各個宗教之間的共性和特性、宗教的本質為研究方向，強調在宗教信仰外保持客觀性的研究。 </p><p>在西方语言中，「宗教」（<span lang="en">religion</span>）源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>時代的拉丁語<span lang="la">religio</span>。religio與近代西方宗教概念有關連卻不等同，更多地屬於一種神學概念。古羅馬哲學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%9E%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="西塞羅">西塞羅</a>在其著作《論神之本性》中使用過relegere（本意為反覆誦讀、默想）或religere（本意為重視、小心考慮），可見他當時認為在神的敬拜上需集中注意，又需嚴肅認真。另外古羅馬神學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="奧古斯丁">奧古斯丁</a>在《論真宗教》及《論靈魂的數量》皆用religare表示人、神與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="靈魂">靈魂</a>間的重新結合，以人神聯盟說來解釋人與神之間的密切關係。奧古斯丁又在《訂正》及《上帝之城》中使用re-eligere來表示人在信仰上的重新抉擇及決斷，人需要靠重新考慮和選擇與神修好。故religio一詞在拉丁語中基本用於表達人對神聖的信仰、義務和崇拜，以及神人之間的結合修好，其與神學的結合更為緊密。中世紀歐洲人從神學的角度出發，往往以略帶貶義的paganism（中譯為“異教”，但是由於中文缺乏相關語境，只作為中性詞）稱呼伊斯蘭等其他非基督教的信仰；而今日的英文詞彙religion及其對應的漢語概念“宗教”則是中性詞彙，可以用來代指基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教及其他任何宗教。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定义"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89"></span>定义</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：定义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教有着各种各样的定义，多数定义试图在很多极端的解释和无意义表述中找到平衡。有人认为应用形式和理论去定义它，也有人更强调经验、感性、直觉和伦理的因素。 </p><p>東西方也因歷史背景的不同而存在理解差異，宗教是一个翻译辭彙，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E5%8F%8B%E5%85%B0" title="冯友兰">冯友兰</a>指出：「有其自己的意义，不能在中文中看见一个有教字的东西就认为是宗教」。取「以供奉神灵的宗庙为教导方式」之意，关键是「作为祭祀场所的“宗”，而非作为中国式人文主义印痕之祭祀目的的“教”。」<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="社會學家">社会学家</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="人类学家">人类学家</a>倾向于把宗教看作是一个抽象的观念、含义。这种抽象的概念是基于自身文化发展而建立起来的。19世纪德国哲学家、人类学家<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="费尔巴哈">费尔巴哈</a>认为，宗教是人的本质的异化。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>即人把自己身上优质的特性凝集为上帝，人敬畏并崇拜自己心灵所创造出的上帝。 </p><p>現代知名僧人<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E6%B7%A8%E7%A9%BA" title="釋淨空">釋淨空</a>對宗教的定義是--「宗」具有：主要的、重要的、尊崇的三種意義。「教」具有：教育、教學、教化三種含義<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而台灣僧人<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%BC%93%E5%B1%B1" title="法鼓山">法鼓山</a>創辦人<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E8%81%96%E5%9A%B4" title="釋聖嚴">釋聖嚴</a>則認為｢有所宗而以為教者，即為宗教。｣<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>《宗教百科全书》中，宗教的定义是这样的：<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;"> In summary, it may be said that almost every known culture involves the religious in the above sense of a depth dimension in cultural experiences at all levels—a push, whether ill-defined or conscious, toward some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life. When more or less distinct patterns of behaviour are built around this depth dimension in a culture, this structure constitutes religion in its historically recognizable form. Religion is the organization of life around the depth dimensions of experience—varied in form, completeness, and clarity in accordance with the environing culture."</div></blockquote> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>翻译：綜上所述，每个已知的文化中都包含了或多或少的宗教信仰，它们或明了或令人疑惑地试图完美解释这个世界。当某些行为典范在特定的一个文化中得到确立时，它就将在这个文化中打下深深的历史烙印。即便宗教在形式、完整度、可信度等等都因不同文化而不同，但人在社会中还是不可避免要受到宗教的影响。</p></blockquote> <p>以下是西方一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="神學家">神學家</a>對宗教所下的定義： </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table border="0" cellpadding="3px" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <tbody><tr align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th>神學家 </th> <th>對「宗教」的詮釋 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%BE%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="門辛（页面不存在）">門辛</a> </td> <td>人與神聖真實體驗深刻的相遇、受神聖存在性影響之人的相應行為 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: inherit;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%86%E5%8B%92" class="mw-disambig" title="繆勒">繆勒</a> </td> <td>人對於無限存在物的渴求、信仰和愛慕 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" class="mw-disambig" title="泰勒">泰勒</a> </td> <td>對<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%80%A7" title="靈性">靈性</a>存在的信仰 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: inherit;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="弗雷澤">弗雷澤</a> </td> <td>人對能夠指導和控制自然與人生進程的超人力量的迎合、討好和信奉 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="施密特">施密特</a> </td> <td>人對超世而具有人格之力的知或覺 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: inherit;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%8B%92%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海勒爾（页面不存在）">海勒爾</a> </td> <td>人與神聖的交往、相通和結合，是對神聖的生動經歷 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E7%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="范·德·列烏（页面不存在）">范·德·列烏</a> </td> <td>人與神秘力量的獨特關係 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: inherit;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%89%98" title="奧托">奧托</a> </td> <td>對超自然之神聖的體驗，表現為人對神聖既敬畏而嚮往的感情交織 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E8%B5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="施萊爾馬赫">施萊爾馬赫</a> </td> <td>宗教是人對神的絕對依賴感 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: inherit;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="蒂利希">蒂利希</a> </td> <td>宗教是人的終極關切 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="内容"><span id=".E5.86.85.E5.AE.B9"></span>内容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：内容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年6月19日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>一個宗教之所以成為宗教，是因為它包括三個層面，其一為宗教的思想觀念及感情體驗（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="教義">教義</a>），二為宗教的崇拜行為及禮儀規範（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%84%80" class="mw-redirect" title="教儀">教儀</a>），三為宗教的教職制度及社會組織（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="教團">教團</a>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教義"><span id=".E6.95.99.E7.BE.A9"></span>教義</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：教義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教的教義主要分為「觀念」和「體驗」兩種。 </p> <ul><li>觀念的類型 <ul><li>靈魂觀念</li> <li>神靈觀念</li> <li>神性觀念</li></ul></li> <li>宗教經驗的類型 <ul><li>敬畏感</li></ul></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">獲得</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2007年8月15日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>經驗的類型 <ul><li>宗教理論</li> <li>宗教道德</li> <li>宗教修習</li></ul></li></ul> <p>即人的神觀及對神的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E7%95%8F" title="敬畏">敬畏</a>心態，是整個宗教的內在因素及核心所在，故「對神的信仰」乃是一切宗教的根本。宗教信仰的對象被人理解為一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="超自然">超自然</a>而又控制自然的神秘力量或神聖實在，它被視為神力、精靈、眾神、至高一神，或抽象地以絕對者、永恆者、至高無上者、自有永有者、無限存在者、超越時空者稱之。這種信仰被視為萬物的起源和歸宿，一切存在的根基及依據。然而各宗教對神的理解不盡相同，有可能是「眾多而有序」、「單一而排他」，有可能以「超在」或「內在」存在，由此構成<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="多神教">多神教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="一神论">一神论</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="单一主神教">單一主神教</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二元神教（页面不存在）">二元神教</a>等，也有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超泛神論（页面不存在）">超泛神論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="泛神论">泛神論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="萬物有靈論">萬物有靈論</a>等不同的神論。 </p><p>宗教對神靈觀念的解釋為「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a>」，神學在宗教傳播、歷史演進、人類進步中不斷被調整修正。神學是自觉宗教與自發宗教的最大分別，因為神學有其理論化及系統化，而自發宗教是不具神學體系的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教儀"><span id=".E6.95.99.E5.84.80"></span>教儀</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：教儀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A1%93" title="巫術">巫術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌">禁忌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%88%E7%A6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="祈禱">祈禱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80" title="祭祀">祭祀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%8F%E6%82%94" title="忏悔">懺悔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E6%8B%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="敬拜">敬拜</a></li></ul> <p>宗教的崇拜行為、禮儀規範屬於宗教的外在因素。體現出宗教教義的實踐，也反映出宗教傳統的改革及其社會文化背景。教儀是規範化、程式化、機構化及制度化的，其內容包括祈禱、祭獻、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聖事">聖事</a>、禮儀、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C" title="修行">修行</a>及倫理規範。 </p><p>教義是基於宗教的理論体系，而教儀則根據社會實踐的活動，前者為後者提供依據及指導，後者使前者的精神意趣得以推廣和外化；前者由不斷詮釋、匯集、編纂宗教經典而深化，後者也是經驗累積確定其施行的程度，於是教義及教儀皆在所處的文化氛圍中產生一種人們公認的社會慣例。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教團"><span id=".E6.95.99.E5.9C.98"></span>教團</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：教團"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E8%81%B7%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教職制度（页面不存在）">教職制度</a>及教团體系（如：基督教的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="教会">教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="牧区">牧区</a>，佛教的<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD" title="僧伽">僧伽</a>），代表着宗教信仰體系的機構化及社會化，是宗教的最外殼，卻又不可或缺。一方面替宗教提供了活動空間，另一方面也給予存在保障。教職制度令宗教有了可見的外在形體，從而對社會起作用。在歷史上，政教常有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">合一</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="政教分离">分離</a>現象，體現了社會行政功能與祭司宗教功能的有機結合，說明了宗教這一個體與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97" title="世俗">世俗</a>社會既有聯繫，又有區別。 </p><p>教團及教職的形成，標誌著人類信仰體系的成熟，充實了宗教，補足了教義及教儀，由此凸現了宗教的獨特性與其他社會意識和社會文化歷史現象的不同特點。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教源於准<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教現象（页面不存在）">宗教現象</a>，產生於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="原始宗教">原始宗教</a>以前，為現今所知人類意識活動最早的形態之一，有一定程度的宗教因素，但當無超自然體的概念，對於客體尚未神化、無敬拜求告之念，一切全靠幻想，認為某些行動可影響某些現象或事物，如法術巫術、針刺木刻人形、佩戴玉石等。 </p><p>舊石器時代洞穴壁畫的野獸圖像遍佈被利器刺傷之痕跡，多認為是行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A1%93" class="mw-disambig" title="法術">法術</a>以增加狩獵命中率。而尼安德特人、山頂洞人等的墓葬中，都發現屍骨上撒滿紅粉及砂石，可能是以血色物行法術，以求死者死後安穩或再生。當宗教及神靈觀念形成，巫術法術多成為宗教的附屬行動。研究宗教起源的學科為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教人类学">宗教人类学</a>，主要理論為<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="萬物有靈論">萬物有靈論</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E8%90%AC%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前萬物有靈論（页面不存在）">前萬物有靈論</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%AB%E8%A1%93%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巫術論（页面不存在）">巫術論</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始一神論（页面不存在）">原始一神論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="功能论">功能論</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神話結構學說（页面不存在）">神話結構學說</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言疾病學說（页面不存在）">語言疾病學說</a>，前四者屬<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="進化論學派（页面不存在）">進化論學派</a>，後三者屬<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化圈學派（页面不存在）">文化圈學派</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="萬物有靈論"><span id=".E8.90.AC.E7.89.A9.E6.9C.89.E9.9D.88.E8.AB.96"></span>萬物有靈論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：萬物有靈論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a></div> <p>萬物有靈論由英国考古学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%86%85%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" title="爱德华·伯内特·泰勒">愛德華·伯內特·泰勒</a>提出，認為原始人在形成宗教前先有「萬物有靈」之概念，人在對影子、倒影、回聲、呼吸、睡眠中覺得人的物質身體之內有一種非物質的東西，使人具有生命，而當中以夢境的感受影響最大，當這種未知的東西離開身體時，身體便喪失活動能力，<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>也停止，泰勒稱這種未知的東西為Anima。原始人推演一切生長或活動之東西，甚如日月皆有Anima，然而近代宗教學家認為原始人未具這種抽象的推理能力，也未發現任何考古實證。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="前萬物有靈論"><span id=".E5.89.8D.E8.90.AC.E7.89.A9.E6.9C.89.E9.9D.88.E8.AB.96"></span>前萬物有靈論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：前萬物有靈論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前萬物有靈論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="animatism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E8%90%AC%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前萬物有靈論（页面不存在）">前萬物有靈論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/animatism" class="extiw" title="en:animatism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">animatism</span></a></span>）</span></span>又稱「物活論」、「泛生崇拜」，是人類學家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Robert Ranulph Marett" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robert Ranulph Marett"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Ranulph_Marett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Ranulph Marett（页面不存在）">Robert Ranulph Marett</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ranulph_Marett" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Ranulph Marett"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Robert Ranulph Marett</span></a></span>）</span></span>對萬物有靈論的修正，他認為原始人在產生「萬物有靈」之概念之時，先具備一種概念，就是認為整個世界是活的，故世界每件東西也是活的，並非以各物皆具有自己的獨立靈魂為前提，然而也未發現任何考古實證。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="巫術論"><span id=".E5.B7.AB.E8.A1.93.E8.AB.96"></span>巫術論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：巫術論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>巫術論由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="弗雷澤">弗雷澤</a>提出，他認為人類精神是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A1%93" title="巫術">巫術</a>發展到宗教，再到<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>。巫術是一種准宗教現象。原始人認為巫術可控制自然，原因不外乎是接觸律或相似律，即認為取得某東西的一部分作法可影響該物之全部，又或認為對該物之相似物作法可影響該物，但當人類不相信這種虛擬力量時，則轉移為對<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="超自然">超自然</a>存在物的撫慰和慈悲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="語言疾病學說"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80.E7.96.BE.E7.97.85.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>語言疾病學說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：語言疾病學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>語言疾病學說（a disease of language）由德国哲学家<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B9%86%E5%8B%92" title="馬克斯·繆勒">馬克斯·繆勒</a>提出，他認為古代<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語言">印歐語言</a>抽象詞彙少，當中某些概念性詞彙必須賦予人格化的聯繫，否則就無法運用。諸神最初只是自然現象的名字，後來從詞彙中人格化，造成實在感，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="神話">神話</a>由此誕生。这样，引起敬畏的對象逐漸被語言所掩蓋，並由於隱喻行為而最終與直接的知覺相分離。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原始一神論"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.A7.8B.E4.B8.80.E7.A5.9E.E8.AB.96"></span>原始一神論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：原始一神論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>原始一神論由<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="施米特">施米特</a>提出，他認為在最古老的文化中普遍有最上神的存在，可見於北美極地民族、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%A0%BC%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="俾格米人">俾格米人</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲原住民">澳洲東南土著</a>，故一神論才是人類最古老的宗教觀，至上神的形象是來自神的最初啟示，往後的宗教發展呈退化趨勢，被諸神論及鬼靈精怪所掩蓋。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="功能論"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD.E8.AB.96"></span>功能論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：功能論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="功能论">功能論</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%8A%E8%A8%80" title="高尚的謊言">高尚的謊言</a></div> <p>功能论最先由英国人类学家<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="马林诺夫斯基">馬林諾夫斯基</a>所提出，亦為一系列之後的功能學派理論的總稱，他認為宗教儀式和巫術行為等是為滿足個體的心理需要，減緩生活壓力，提供積極的生活態度以面對生死考驗，也保護部落的傳統和<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%80" title="價值觀">價值觀</a>，這些功能主要分為生物性、精神性及規範性三方面。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="神話結構學說"><span id=".E7.A5.9E.E8.A9.B1.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>神話結構學說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：神話結構學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>神話結構學說由法国人类学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%B6%AD-%E5%8F%B2%E9%99%80" title="克勞德·李維-史陀">李維史陀</a>提出，他認為世界上不同的地方的原始人類的心靈皆有共同結構，皆欲解釋世界上的事，這種共相是發展出一套又一套神話的原動力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="批判"><span id=".E6.89.B9.E5.88.A4"></span>批判</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：批判"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年6月19日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教理智論"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E7.90.86.E6.99.BA.E8.AB.96"></span>宗教理智論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：宗教理智論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教理智論是以理智、邏輯去探討宗教，它就像一把雙刃劍，可反教也可護教。 </p><p>反教者觀點以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="伯特蘭·羅素">羅素</a>詞鋒最為突出，首先，他認為如果萬物都有起因，那<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">上帝</a>也應不例外，而宗教所說的第一起因根本是無<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="邏輯">邏輯</a>可言。第二他認為科學帶有某程度的隨機性，今天我們得知<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子力學">量子力學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="混沌理論">混沌理論</a>也有一定程度的不可測性，這表明自然法則很可能非出自決定一切的上帝之手，而僅僅是不斷變化的科學的暫時結論。另外，他又認為神學家充滿了「人擇原理」的不合理期望，神學家認為世界之所以是這個樣子，是為了讓人們生存，這種比方無疑等於說人長出高高的鼻子是為了架眼鏡的道理一樣，將結果變為原因，羅素認為人類的出現只是自然進化的一個產物，如果上帝是創造者，為何創造了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="法西斯黨">法西斯黨</a>或這麼多<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="恐怖主義">恐怖主義</a>？他又認為，如果是非標準取決於上帝的話，那上帝本身就不應該有至善性可言，如果相信上帝是至善，那麼就不得不承認是非標準由上帝以外的東西去下判斷，這種兩難，亦令有神論者為之結舌。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%BA%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9" title="理察·斯溫伯恩">斯溫伯恩</a>是著名的理性論護教者，他主要從「為什麼存在最普遍的自然定律」著手，他強調很多人忽略<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>一開始不存在，或一直處於混沌狀態的可能都是非常大的，因此這種高度秩序的宇宙是令人驚訝的、超出科學的，而這並非由於科學落後未能解釋，而是科學的本質必終於某種終極的自然定律及物質結構。這種「終極」的其中一個可能解釋是一神論，因為在一神論中上帝肯定有能力做到這點，秩序性除令宇宙更美好外，還可讓人控制自然，改變自然以生存。<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="進化論">進化論</a>觀點在這個問題中是不可能優於設計論的，因為我們不免要問到進化這種法則到底是從何而來呢？這令我們要麼不作解釋，要麼從假設中作出解釋，即以一神論假設作出合理解釋。 </p><p>對於以上兩種從科學、理性去解釋宗教的理性論（對立論及相關論），<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E7%94%B0%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B" title="保羅·田立克">保羅·田立克</a>認為太多人把宗教看成是一種只有低級證據而依賴宗教權威的知識，但他必須釐清宗教與科學有著本質上的分別（分離論），用科學去反教或護教皆是無謂的，因為兩者所尋求的真理在不同的意域，理應分而治之，科學只可與另一科學相爭，宗教也只可與另一宗教相爭。他認為諸如量子力學測不準理論一推出，馬上就有人用來證明<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="創世論">創世論</a>、神跡說、自由說是可笑的。爭執得最烈的是進化論，反對者只拘泥於聖經的字面意義，把創世描述科學化，歪曲信仰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教情感論"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.83.85.E6.84.9F.E8.AB.96"></span>宗教情感論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：宗教情感論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教情感論旨在表明宗教的本質與意義非體現於理智的活動和成果，是一種直覺「無限者」、「神聖者」而生之絕對、無條件的依存感。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E8%B5%AB" title="弗里德里希·施萊爾馬赫">施萊爾馬赫</a>認為以科學理性或道德倫理去批判宗教是膚淺的，科學講求勾勒世界的實在性，以同相、規律性去推演事實的必然性，而道德則從人自己出發，發展出一種責任體系，靠終極權威下命令認為什麼該做不該做。宗教有自己一套，總的來說，宗教是「絕對的依存感」。透過直覺有限的活動，對我們面對那些不可見的、永恆的滿懷崇敬，一旦直覺宇宙，則認識自己之渺小而感謙卑，從而喚起「對無限的情感」。奧托指出宗教經典以大量詞彙描述神性，當轉達之概念越明確令人越傾向對宗教作出理性認定，然而宗教是「無理性的」（the non-rational，注意：並非「非理性」the irrational）。我們只借用詞彙來斷定主體的屬性，然而這無限的主體又是不能單靠它們來領會的，他指出這最高的被直覺者——「神聖者」——必須排除任何道德因素，這個「神秘者」令人產生「畏懼感」、「崇高感」及「活力感」。 </p><p>情感論甫一推出即受到邏輯上的質疑，施萊爾馬赫暗指沒有情感的宗教體驗是談不上信仰、宗教，換言之宗教情感可證明信仰。可是別忘記如果宗教是「無理性」的，為什麼宗教情感可以以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">因果邏輯</a>去證明信仰？一旦承認這種證明，即承認宗教包含理智成分，它就必受理智論批判。雖然奧托表明宗教體驗只能看作是「解畫的一種代替物」去接近宗教，是描述終極時人類以表意符號硬堆出來的最接近語言，但這亦無可避免表示當中有某些概念是能夠描述宗教經驗的。當代學者更有研究指出情感需依賴於認識或概念，當中有理性的元素，而非情感論者提出之「無理性」。另一宗教學家潘能伯格批評情感論者將宗教淪為個人經驗，宗教只是各人自己對無限情感的主觀，而這種主觀卻沒有任何約束力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教意志論"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.84.8F.E5.BF.97.E8.AB.96"></span>宗教意志論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：宗教意志論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教意志論起於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="布萊茲·帕斯卡">帕斯卡</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉·詹姆士">威廉·詹姆士</a>承之。總括來說，信仰輪不到我們用理智去選擇信與不信，而是分析風險作出賭注，可用「信仰的賭注」這五字來作結。前提是信仰上帝是一項「真正的抉擇」，詹姆斯對真正的抉擇定義為「有生命力的、不可迴避的、有重大價值的」，在目前我們正反兩方皆各有論據，在可見將來也不見得有人能完全支持或推翻神存在的命題，因此我們並不可委身理智而猶豫不決，因避免謬誤而喪失好處，而這也大有可能令上帝不悅，而信與不信可看成是人生一場重大的賭注，如果相信有上帝的存在，賭贏了可獲得一切，若賭輸了也不會失去什麼，然而若不信有上帝的存在，賭贏了只是情感上的勝利，而賭輸卻將失去來生的盼望。 </p><p>關於意志論的觀點，羅素批評意志論為「功利、主觀」，第一，詹姆斯只一廂情願認為信仰宗教可得到永生盼望，可是在這命題上他沒有去證實過，有可能信神反而要下<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>也說不定。另外，對虔誠的宗教徒來說，神是確切存在的，就如歷史上有過<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a>這樣的一個人，正統的宗教徒會認為「我信上帝，故我有福」，而非詹姆斯所說的「如果信上帝，你就會幸福」。意志論將宗教的超越感、神聖抹掉、要求絕對委身的教徒變為功利的現代商人，只會令人變得只信好處，不探真實。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教終極論"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E7.B5.82.E6.A5.B5.E8.AB.96"></span>宗教終極論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：宗教終極論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人类普遍认可整个宇宙必定是同一于一个最终极的根源，因此正如普遍认为的国家终将消亡一样，宗教作为一种人类社会中有形的存在，也应该会消亡于终极的包容性和同一性之中。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2012年4月1日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="讨论"><span id=".E8.AE.A8.E8.AE.BA"></span>讨论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：讨论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年6月19日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>由於信息發達、宗教自由，加上社會經濟再非自給自足，全球一體化實行，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%9D%91" title="地球村">地球村</a>逐漸形成。宗教間的對話不只是自我生存、宣揚正道的需要，也是免卻災難衝突的方法，無論是教會間、還是各宗教間，越來越多人提出要站出來對話，當中各宗教有其自我立場，分別為排他論、多元論及兼併論。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="排他論"><span id=".E6.8E.92.E4.BB.96.E8.AB.96"></span>排他論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：排他論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>排他論者主張眾多宗教中只有一種是絕對真實的，其餘的皆為謬誤，排他論者在真理問題上有一種絕對化的觀點，而這也是宗教的本性，如果某宗教不是唯一的「真理」，那麼它就不值得信仰，事實上任何一個教徒只要它表示對自己的宗教忠心，就自然產生了一種內在的排他性。排他論是大多數一神論宗教的正統立場，它們只認為自己的神才是真神，只有委身於該宗教才可得到拯救，其他的宗教被視為非真實。當這種排他性排除其他種族時成為種族主義、或是排除其他異教徒而成為封閉宗教，在人類可知歷史上有多次因此類意識形態的排他而起之大型爭鬥。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕诸教">亚伯拉罕诸教</a>（基督宗教、犹太教和伊斯兰教）具有强烈的排他主义，强调唯一真神。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督宗教">基督宗教</a>（含天主教、东正教和新教各派别）是典型的排他論宗教，但基督宗教的部分派系也提出「普世拯救論」。因此這就成了一個兩難的問題。另外，基督新教強調「信者得救」，造成反排他論者認為這只是一種狹隘的拯救觀，這並非至善至美的神該有的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="多元論"><span id=".E5.A4.9A.E5.85.83.E8.AB.96"></span>多元論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：多元論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E8%AB%96" title="多元論">多元論</a></div> <p>多元論者主張世界各大信仰雖十分不同，但這只是我們稱之為神或上帝在生活中同等有效的理解、體驗和回應方式。希克認為各宗教就像「瞎子摸象」的道理，我們不能斷定那一種宗教才是真的，因為真相很可能永沒法被完全證實，各宗教只是「不同的燈，相同的光」。 </p><p>然而反多元論者認為這根本破壞了宗教的本質，如果承認其他宗教也是對的，那各宗教教義、聖典就欠缺了獨一性。瞎子摸象非共享一終極實體的不同面，而是全都錯了，尾巴怎麼也不可能代表象。除非有人能說出整個象的實體，否則各宗教站出來對話，只是一對瞎子亂說，與其說全部都有理，不如說全部都錯。另外，反多元論者認為要求<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教徒">基督教徒</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教徒">佛教徒</a>談話，又要與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="不可知論">不可知論</a>者、<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="無神論">無神論</a>者取得共識是不切實際的，這只是一大堆盲人亂說一通，與象的形態越來越遠。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="兼併論"><span id=".E5.85.BC.E4.BD.B5.E8.AB.96"></span>兼併論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：兼併論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>兼併論站在排他論與多元論之間，它一方面認為上帝只得一個，卻又把其他宗教看成是「合法的宗教」，神給予各宗教救贖的啟示，只是其他宗教在接受神的恩典時夾雜著因文化差異而出現的偏差，他們所表達的並不如某一宗教般正統，其他宗教只是一些「無名的教徒」，他們接受了部分正確卻部分錯誤的觀念，正統的教徒就是要去糾正他們。 </p><p>反兼併論者認為這種論調將兼併論放在一個很不利的位置，因為若其他宗教接受啟示並不完善也可得到神恩典救贖，那為什麼還要說服他們信正統宗教？而「無名的教徒」更是放諸四海皆準的說話，既然大家都有神的恩典，那一種宗教才是真正的宗教？那一種才是無名的宗教？這種隱含的排他性也使得兼併論者兩頭不討好。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影响"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prevailing_world_religions_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prevailing_world_religions_map.png/450px-Prevailing_world_religions_map.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prevailing_world_religions_map.png/675px-Prevailing_world_religions_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prevailing_world_religions_map.png/900px-Prevailing_world_religions_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>世界主要宗教分布</figcaption></figure> <p>宗教在世界上各个<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="国家">国家</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>中都广泛存在。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年6月19日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>宗教与政治的关系很复杂，宗教信仰会影响<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>。宗教也是一种社会<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="意识形态">意识形态</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%82%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="经济基础和上层建筑">上层建筑</a>的一部分。在历史上，宗教常常被统治阶层用来作为统治人民的精神工具。另一方面，宗教也常常被反抗者用来作为反抗压迫的工具。 </p><p>现代在许多国家，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="公民">公民</a>都有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教信仰自由">宗教信仰的自由</a>，既有信教的自由，也有不信教的自由，有信这种教的自由，也有信那种教的自由，它是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="公民">公民</a>的基本权利之一。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>时，世界上有許多国家都采取<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">政教合一</a>的制度，国家政权与宗教合而为一，宗教首领就是国家首脑，直接掌握国家政权；设立单一的宗教成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="国教">国教</a>，教规就是国法，公民必须信奉和遵守，公民没有信仰其他宗教或不信仰宗教的自由，否则会被认为是「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="异教徒">异教徒</a>」而遭到迫害。但在古代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>，由于儒家思想的影响，允许公民有信仰其他宗教的自由，但各种其他宗教必须纳入儒家伦理的框架中。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>的观点认为，当社会发展到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a>，宗教将会消失。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文化、艺术"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E3.80.81.E8.89.BA.E6.9C.AF"></span>文化、艺术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：文化、艺术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在宗教的發展過程中，不可避免的會與<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝術">藝術</a>產生交集。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教艺术（页面不存在）">宗教艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教文学（页面不存在）">宗教文学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教绘画（页面不存在）">宗教绘画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教建筑">宗教建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教戏剧（页面不存在）">宗教戏剧</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教舞蹈（页面不存在）">宗教舞蹈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教美术（页面不存在）">宗教美术</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教服飾（页面不存在）">宗教服飾</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="科学"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6"></span>科学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：科学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教与科学">宗教与科学</a></div> <p>历史上有许多著名科学家都有宗教信仰，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="莱昂哈德·欧拉">欧拉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="奧古斯丁·路易·柯西">柯西</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="理查·費曼">费曼</a>认为（在20世纪50年代）有超过半数的科学家无宗教信仰，而且科学不能论证上帝不存在。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由于宗教很多的说法无法或未被证实但又被说成如同存在的「真理」，只是套套逻辑，内容并非实在而精密。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%A4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="皮尤研究中心">皮尤研究中心</a>的一份报告对美国科学促进会成员中的科学家进行了调查，结果发现只有 33% 的人相信上帝，而普通公众的这一比例为 83%，<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 科學家信仰宗教的比例远低于普通公众。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要宗教"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>主要宗教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：主要宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#A6CEE3"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 63.285796410746px; border-left-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 11.040102781582px; border-left-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.26625086641px 23.222326377706px 0 0; border-top-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:82.813860652147px 56.052337006469px 0 0; border-top-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:27.416063931121px 96.16839105717px 0 0; border-top-color:#33A02C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#33A02C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 36.571056421913px 100px 0; border-right-color:#1F78B4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#1F78B4"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>世界主要信仰比例<sup id="cite_ref-adherents.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adherents.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1F78B4; color:;"> </span> 基督教（30.58%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#33A02C; color:;"> </span> 伊斯蘭教（23.84%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E31A1C; color:;"> </span> 印度教（11.11%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:;"> </span> 中國傳統信仰（5.74%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6A3D9A; color:;"> </span> 佛教（5.48%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B15928; color:;"> </span> 其他（7.23%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A6CEE3; color:;"> </span> 無宗教（16.02%）</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非制度性宗教"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6.E6.80.A7.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>非制度性宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：非制度性宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="華人民間信仰">華人民間信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="祖先崇拜">祖先崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="原始宗教">原始宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="巫觋宗教">巫觋宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="个人崇拜">个人崇拜</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hero worship" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hero worship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hero_worship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hero worship（页面不存在）">英雄崇拜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_worship" class="extiw" title="en:Hero worship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hero worship</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣人崇拜（页面不存在）">圣人崇拜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="君主崇拜">君主崇拜</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="领袖崇拜（页面不存在）">领袖崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="自然崇拜">自然崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C" title="腾格里">腾格里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%89%A9%E6%95%99" title="拜物教">拜物教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E9%9D%88%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="精靈崇拜">精靈崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教">萨满教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="萬物有靈論">万物有灵论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E9%AD%82%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="孤魂信仰">孤魂信仰</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="现存制度性宗教"><span id=".E7.8E.B0.E5.AD.98.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6.E6.80.A7.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>现存制度性宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：现存制度性宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="普世聖公宗">普世聖公宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="科普特教会">科普特教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E8%91%89%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="什葉派">什葉派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="漢傳佛教">漢傳佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="藏传佛教">藏传佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">日本佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="南傳佛教">南傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="錫克教">錫克教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="儒教 (宗教)">儒教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="神道教">神道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="天道教">天道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%90%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="琐罗亚斯德教">琐罗亚斯德教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%A1%E6%95%99" title="威卡教">威卡教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="新兴宗教">新兴宗教</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="耶穌基督後期聖徒教會">耶穌基督後期聖徒教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="巴哈伊">巴哈伊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="高台教">高台教</a></li></ul> <p>其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>常被称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="世界三大宗教">世界三大宗教</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>信教人口虽高于佛教，但它涵盖的范围一般仅在特定国家或民族之内，所以一般不列入世界三大宗教之中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他已衰微宗教"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.B7.B2.E8.A1.B0.E5.BE.AE.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>其他已衰微宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：其他已衰微宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古埃及宗教">古埃及宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古波斯宗教（页面不存在）">古波斯宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="古希腊宗教">古希腊宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古羅馬宗教">古罗马宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="阿拉伯神話">阿拉伯神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="北欧神话">北欧神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="凱爾特神話">凯尔特神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="苏美尔神话">苏美尔神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="巴比伦神话">巴比伦神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="斯拉夫神話">斯拉夫神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="瑪雅神話">玛雅神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="阿兹特克神话">阿兹特克神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8A%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="印加神话">印加神话</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="儒教的宗教性爭議"><span id=".E5.84.92.E6.95.99.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.80.A7.E7.88.AD.E8.AD.B0"></span>儒教的宗教性爭議</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：儒教的宗教性爭議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="清末">清末</a>救亡圖存的動亂中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%BA" title="康有为">康有為</a>等人，試圖仿效西方基督教國家的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">國教</a>習慣，將儒家改造成宗教，立為國教。此舉引發了孔教爭論。1917年中，「將孔教立為國教」的方案受到挫敗。另一方面，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%8B%AC%E7%A7%80" title="陈独秀">陳獨秀</a>等反孔力量逐步做大。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在某些國家和地區，儒學仍被視為宗教（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="孔教">孔教</a>），如<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>的中國儒教會<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，印尼的孔教會<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="孔教學院">孔教學院</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-religion-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-religion_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religion">religion, merriam-webster dictionary</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312024948/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religion">存档</a>于2021-03-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=religion%2C+merriam-webster+dictionary&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Freligion&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutreligion.org/chinese/origin-of-religion.htm">宗教起源</a>. AllAboutReligion.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705034614/http://www.allaboutreligion.org/chinese/origin-of-religion.htm">存档</a>于2017-07-05） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AllAboutReligion.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutreligion.org%2Fchinese%2Forigin-of-religion.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Clifford Geertz. "Religion as a Cultural System". In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion.. 伦敦: London: Tavistock Publications. 1966: pp. 1–46. ASA Monographs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.au=Clifford+Geertz&rft.btitle=%22Religion+as+a+Cultural+System%22.+In+Anthropological+Approaches+to+the+Study+of+Religion.&rft.date=1966&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=pp.+1-46.+ASA+Monographs&rft.place=%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6&rft.pub=London%3A+Tavistock+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Association, African Studies; Michigan, University of. History in Africa Volume 32. 2005: 119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.au=Michigan%2C+University+of&rft.aufirst=African+Studies&rft.aulast=Association&rft.btitle=History+in+Africa&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=Volume+32&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=119&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/">The Global Religious Landscape</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226054851/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/">存档</a>于2018-12-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=The+Global+Religious+Landscape&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2012%2F12%2F18%2Fglobal-religious-landscape-exec%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardson,_1993-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richardson,_1993_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Richardson93">Richardson</a>, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis,_2004-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis,_2004_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lewis2004">Lewis</a>, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorne_L._Dawson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorne L. Dawson（页面不存在）">Dawson, Lorne L.</a> Cults and new religious movements: A reader. Wiley-Blackwell. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1405101814" title="Special:网络书源/1405101814"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1405101814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.au=Dawson%2C+Lorne+L.&rft.btitle=Cults+and+new+religious+movements%3A+A+reader&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1405101814&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bromley, David Melton, and J. Gordon. 2002. <i>Cults, Religion, and Violence</i>. West Nyack, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingram, Wayne, host. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religion.ua.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Ep_-2-Turkey-Ritual.pdf">Turkey Ritual</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210306114744/https://religion.ua.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Ep_-2-Turkey-Ritual.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）" (transcript). Ep. 2 in <i>Study Religion</i> (podcast). Birmingham: Dept. of Religious Studies, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Alabama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Alabama（页面不存在）">University of Alabama</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_V._Gallagher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene V. Gallagher（页面不存在）">Gallagher, Eugene V.</a> 2004. <i>The New Religious Movement Experience in America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-313-32807-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-313-32807-2">0-313-32807-2</a>. p. xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">參見http://www.baus-ebs.org/sutra/fan-read/003/05-005.htm （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100703000347/http://www.baus-ebs.org/sutra/fan-read/003/05-005.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china-review.com/sao.asp?id=1300">中国文化中的儒教问题：起源、现状与趋向</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131023061409/http://www.china-review.com/sao.asp?id=1300">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》/ 陈明</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">费尔巴哈. 基督教的本质. 商务印书馆. 1995年: 29–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%A8&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amtb.org.tw/jkfs/jkfs.asp?web_choice=7&web_amtb_index=31">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003090724/http://www.amtb.org.tw/jkfs/jkfs.asp?web_choice=7&web_amtb_index=31">存档</a>于2013-10-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amtb.org.tw%2Fjkfs%2Fjkfs.asp%3Fweb_choice%3D7%26web_amtb_index%3D31&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ddc.shengyen.org/mobile/text/01-04/16.php">http://ddc.shengyen.org/mobile/text/01-04/16.php</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190116100153/http://ddc.shengyen.org/mobile/text/01-04/16.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）法鼓全集：比較宗教學</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Religion [First Edition]. Winston King. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. Vol. 11. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. p7692-7701.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">原文为“I do not believe that science can disprove the existence of God; I think that is impossible. And if it is impossible, is not a belief in science and in a God – an ordinary God of religion — a consistent possibility? Yes, it is consistent. Despite the fact that I said that more than half of the scientists don't believe in God, many scientists do believe in both science and God, in a perfectly consistent way. But this consistency, although possible, is not easy to attain...”摘自费曼《科学与宗教的关系》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/11/05/scientists-and-belief/">RELIGION AND SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES, Scientists and Belief</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225112933/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/11/05/scientists-and-belief/">存档</a>于2023-12-25）. <q>specifically, 33% of scientists say they believe in God, while 18% believe in a universal spirit or higher power. By contrast, 95% of Americans believe in some form of deity or higher power, according to a survey of the general public conducted by the Pew Research Center in July 2006. Specifically, more than eight-in-ten Americans (83%) say they believe in God</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=RELIGION+AND+SCIENCE+IN+THE+UNITED+STATES%2C+Scientists+and+Belief&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2F2009%2F11%2F05%2Fscientists-and-belief%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adherents.com-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-adherents.com_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5mqurhEL9?url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adherents.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adherents.com（页面不存在）">Adherents.com</a>. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010-01-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=Major+Religions+of+the+World+Ranked+by+Number+of+Adherents&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adherents.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2FReligions_By_Adherents.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">黃克武，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/FileUpload/89/%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%9D%E5%B9%B4%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E4%B9%8B%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%EF%BC%8C1913-1917.pdf">《民國初年孔教問題之爭論 1912-1917》</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211009131227/http://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/FileUpload/89/%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%9D%E5%B9%B4%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E4%B9%8B%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96%EF%BC%8C1913-1917.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210071047/http://www.moi.gov.tw/dca/02faith_001_16.aspx">中國儒教會</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-11-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moi.gov.tw/dca/02faith_001_16.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2009-02-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%84%92%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moi.gov.tw%2Fdca%2F02faith_001_16.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925035927/http://www.matakin-indonesia.org/">印尼孔教總會</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-05-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matakin-indonesia.org/">原始内容</a>存档于2018-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matakin-indonesia.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/宗教">宗教语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E6%B1%9D%E9%88%9E" title="吳汝鈞">吳汝鈞</a>：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Newsletter/53/53-137-164.pdf">論宗教與道德的關係</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141101210621/http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Newsletter/53/53-137-164.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>张汝伦：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528003214/http://www.21ccom.net/articles/read/article_2013032179523.html">不问信仰，但问有用与否</a>〉。</li> <li>《宗教學基礎十五講》，王曉朝，（北京：北京大學出版社，2003）</li> <li>《宗教大辭典》，任繼愈，（上海辭書出版社）</li> <li>《宗教學是什麼》，張志剛，（天地圖書）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Portal:宗教">宗教主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:4; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="本原">本原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教学">宗教学</a></li> <li><a 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title="Special:编辑页面/Template:宗教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="宗教" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="主要宗教及信仰" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="世界主要宗教">主要宗教及信仰</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AB%B8%E6%95%99" title="亞伯拉罕諸教">亞伯拉罕諸教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海马诺特派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haymanot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%BA%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海马诺特派（页面不存在）">海马诺特派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymanot" class="extiw" title="en:Haymanot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haymanot</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">卡拉派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="舊天主教會">旧天主教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="独立天主教会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Independent Catholic churches"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独立天主教会（页面不存在）">独立天主教会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Catholic_churches" class="extiw" title="en:Independent Catholic churches"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Independent Catholic churches</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="東方基督教">東方基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">东正教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" title="摩爾門教">摩爾門教</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶稣主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jesuism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶稣主义（页面不存在）">耶稣主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuism" class="extiw" title="en:Jesuism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jesuism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="伊巴德派">伊巴德派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">苏菲派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%88%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9A" title="阿赫迈底亚">阿赫迈底亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93" title="唯獨古蘭經">唯獨古蘭經</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E6%95%99" title="巴比教">巴比教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾扎勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Azali"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E6%89%8E%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾扎勒（页面不存在）">艾扎勒巴比教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali" class="extiw" title="en:Azali"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Azali</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9%E6%B4%BE" title="德鲁兹派">德鲁兹教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%81%94%E5%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="曼達安教">曼達安教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8C%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="拉斯塔法里运动">拉斯塔法里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99" title="撒马利亚教">撒马利亚教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">印欧宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度宗教信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indian religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度宗教信仰（页面不存在）">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Indian religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indian religions</span></a></span>）</span></span>-<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="伊朗宗教">伊朗</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="吠陀宗教">吠陀宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E6%B9%BF%E5%A5%B4%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="毗湿奴派">毗湿奴派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E6%B4%BE" title="沙克提派">沙克達教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%A9%86%E6%95%99" title="濕婆教">湿婆派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%93%A6%E8%8A%9D" title="阿亞瓦芝">阿亞瓦芝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="师摩多派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Smartism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%88%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="师摩多派（页面不存在）">师摩多派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartism" class="extiw" title="en:Smartism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Smartism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE" title="天衣派">天衣派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白衣派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Śvētāmbara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白衣派（页面不存在）">白衣派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara" class="extiw" title="en:Śvētāmbara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Śvētāmbara</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99" title="锡克教">锡克教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B9%E8%BF%AA" title="雅兹迪">雅兹迪教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以什克派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ishikism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E4%BB%80%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以什克派（页面不存在）">以什克派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikism" class="extiw" title="en:Ishikism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ishikism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="雅赛尼派">雅赛尼派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" title="祆教">祆教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="歐洲民族">欧洲</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚美尼亚新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Armenian neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚美尼亚新异教运动（页面不存在）">亚美尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Armenian neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Armenian neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波罗的海新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baltic neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波罗的海新异教运动（页面不存在）">波罗的海</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Baltic neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baltic neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狄耶夫图里巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dievturība"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%84%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E5%9B%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狄耶夫图里巴（页面不存在）">狄耶夫图里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" class="extiw" title="en:Dievturība"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dievturība</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德鲁维" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Druwi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E7%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德鲁维（页面不存在）">德鲁维</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druwi" class="extiw" title="en:Druwi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Druwi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%A7%86%E7%93%A6_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="洛姆瓦 (宗教)">洛姆瓦</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高加索新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Caucasian neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高加索新异教运动（页面不存在）">高加索</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Caucasian neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Caucasian neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凯尔特新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Celtic neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯尔特新异教运动（页面不存在）">凯尔特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Celtic neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="新德魯伊信仰">德鲁伊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="日耳曼多神教運動">日耳曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99_(%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88)" title="希臘多神教 (復興)">希腊</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利-罗马新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Italo-Roman neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利-罗马新异教运动（页面不存在）">意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Roman_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Italo-Roman neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Italo-Roman neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扎尔莫西安运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zalmoxianism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎尔莫西安运动（页面不存在）">罗马尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxianism" class="extiw" title="en:Zalmoxianism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zalmoxianism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%95%99" title="斯拉夫本土教">斯拉夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东亚宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Asian religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东亚宗教（页面不存在）">东亚宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_religions" class="extiw" title="en:East Asian religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Asian religions</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國秘密宗教">中國秘密宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%95%99" title="齋教">齋教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%95%99" title="理教">理教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真空教（页面不存在）">真空教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣民間信仰">臺灣民間信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="臺灣原住民族泛靈信仰">臺灣原住民信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="三一教">三一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A6%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巫覡宗教">巫教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%B7%AB%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮巫教">巫堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="天道教">天道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%87%BA%E6%95%99" title="高臺教">高臺教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%BD%E6%95%99" title="和好教">和好教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%81%93" title="母道">母道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="本主教">本主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%91%A9" title="毕摩">毕摩教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%B4%E6%95%99" title="東巴教">東巴教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赫蒙族宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ua Dab"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E8%92%99%E6%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫蒙族宗教（页面不存在）">赫蒙族宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua_Dab" class="extiw" title="en:Ua Dab"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ua Dab</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中亚与北亚宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白教 (阿尔泰)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Burkhanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%95%99_(%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白教 (阿尔泰)（页面不存在）">白教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism" class="extiw" title="en:Burkhanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Burkhanism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦提森雅利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vattisen Yaly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8F%90%E6%A3%AE%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦提森雅利（页面不存在）">楚瓦什</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" class="extiw" title="en:Vattisen Yaly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vattisen Yaly</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="满族萨满教">满族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙古萨满教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mongolian shamanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古萨满教（页面不存在）">蒙古</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" class="extiw" title="en:Mongolian shamanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mongolian shamanism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西伯利亚萨满教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shamanism in Siberia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西伯利亚萨满教（页面不存在）">西伯利亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" class="extiw" title="en:Shamanism in Siberia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shamanism in Siberia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="腾格里信仰">腾格里信仰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">乌拉尔宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="芬兰新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Finnish neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芬兰新异教运动（页面不存在）">芬兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Finnish neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Finnish neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="匈牙利新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hungarian neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="匈牙利新异教运动（页面不存在）">匈牙利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Hungarian neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hungarian neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌拉尔新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uralic neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌拉尔新异教运动（页面不存在）">乌拉尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Uralic neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uralic neopaganism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="非洲傳統宗教">传统</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿坎神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Akan mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿坎神话（页面不存在）">阿坎族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akan_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Akan mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Akan mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="坎巴族">坎巴族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卢巴神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baluba mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B7%B4%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢巴神话（页面不存在）">卢巴族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Baluba mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baluba mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="班图神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bantu mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="班图神话（页面不存在）">班图族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Bantu mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bantu mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="柏柏尔神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Berber mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柏柏尔神话（页面不存在）">柏柏尔族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Berber mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Berber mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库巴神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bushongo mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%B7%B4%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库巴神话（页面不存在）">库巴族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Bushongo mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bushongo mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦格 (宗教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waaq"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%A0%BC_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦格 (宗教)（页面不存在）">库希特人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waaq" class="extiw" title="en:Waaq"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waaq</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丁卡神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dinka mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%81%E5%8D%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丁卡神话（页面不存在）">丁卡族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinka_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Dinka mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dinka mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃菲克神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Efik mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%8B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃菲克神话（页面不存在）">埃菲克族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efik_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Efik mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Efik mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达荷美神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dahomey mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%8D%B7%E7%BE%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达荷美神话（页面不存在）">达荷美族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahomey_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Dahomey mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dahomey mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="关契人教会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church of the Guanche People"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E5%A5%91%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关契人教会（页面不存在）">关契族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" class="extiw" title="en:Church of the Guanche People"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church of the Guanche People</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥迪纳尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Odinani"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥迪纳尼（页面不存在）">伊博族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odinani" class="extiw" title="en:Odinani"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Odinani</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%9A%E6%97%8F" title="烏爾霍博族">伊索科族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="科伊科伊人原始宗教">科伊科伊族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛图科神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lotuko mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E5%9B%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛图科神话（页面不存在）">洛图科族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lotuko mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lotuko mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛齐神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lozi mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E9%BD%90%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛齐神话（页面不存在）">洛齐族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lozi_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lozi mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lozi mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卢格巴拉神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lugbara mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢格巴拉神话（页面不存在）">卢格巴拉族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lugbara mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lugbara mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马赛神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maasai mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马赛神话（页面不存在）">马赛族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Maasai mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maasai mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="姆布蒂神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mbuti mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E8%92%82%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆布蒂神话（页面不存在）">姆布蒂族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Mbuti mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mbuti mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞雷尔宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Serer religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞雷尔宗教（页面不存在）">塞雷尔族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serer_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Serer religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Serer religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="图姆布卡神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tumbuka mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图姆布卡神话（页面不存在）">图姆布卡族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Tumbuka mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tumbuka mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约鲁巴宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yoruba religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约鲁巴宗教（页面不存在）">约鲁巴族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Yoruba religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yoruba religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祖鲁神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zulu mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖鲁神话（页面不存在）">祖鲁族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Zulu mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zulu mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非美宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Afro-American religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非美宗教（页面不存在）">流散</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-American_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Afro-American religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Afro-American religion</span></a></span>）</span></span>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坎冬博宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Candomblé"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E5%86%AC%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎冬博宗教（页面不存在）">坎冬博</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="en:Candomblé"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Candomblé</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库米纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kumina"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库米纳（页面不存在）">库米纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumina" class="extiw" title="en:Kumina"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kumina</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥比亚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Obeah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥比亚（页面不存在）">奥比亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obeah" class="extiw" title="en:Obeah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Obeah</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金斑达" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quimbanda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E6%96%91%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金斑达（页面不存在）">金斑达</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimbanda" class="extiw" title="en:Quimbanda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quimbanda</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕洛 (宗教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Palo (religion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%B4%9B_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕洛 (宗教)（页面不存在）">帕洛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_(religion)" class="extiw" title="en:Palo (religion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Palo (religion)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="桑特里亚教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Santería"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑特里亚教（页面不存在）">桑特里亚教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="en:Santería"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Santería</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恩斑达" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Umbanda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E6%96%91%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩斑达（页面不存在）">恩斑达</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbanda" class="extiw" title="en:Umbanda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Umbanda</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%95%99" title="伏都教">伏都教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%AB%E6%AF%92" title="海地巫毒">海地伏都教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="路易斯安那伏都教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Louisiana Voodoo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易斯安那伏都教（页面不存在）">路易斯安那伏都教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" class="extiw" title="en:Louisiana Voodoo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Louisiana Voodoo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文提教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Winti"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%8F%90%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文提教（页面不存在）">文提教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winti" class="extiw" title="en:Winti"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Winti</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴多信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bathouism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%9A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴多信仰（页面不存在）">巴多信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathouism" class="extiw" title="en:Bathouism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bathouism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙 (宗教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mun (religion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙 (宗教)（页面不存在）">邦廷教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun_(religion)" class="extiw" title="en:Mun (religion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mun (religion)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日月教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donyi-Polo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日月教（页面不存在）">日月教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donyi-Polo" class="extiw" title="en:Donyi-Polo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donyi-Polo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达罗毗荼民间宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dravidian folk religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达罗毗荼民间宗教（页面不存在）">达罗毗荼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Dravidian folk religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dravidian folk religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克拉底信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kirant Mundhum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉底信仰（页面不存在）">克拉底</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirant_Mundhum" class="extiw" title="en:Kirant Mundhum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kirant Mundhum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨那马希信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sanamahism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E9%82%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨那马希信仰（页面不存在）">萨那马希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanamahism" class="extiw" title="en:Sanamahism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sanamahism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨奈信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sarnaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%A5%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨奈信仰（页面不存在）">萨奈信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnaism" class="extiw" title="en:Sarnaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sarnaism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="缅甸民间信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Burmese folk religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缅甸民间信仰（页面不存在）">缅甸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Burmese folk religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Burmese folk religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="台语民族民间信仰">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" title="摩教">师公教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="马来西亚民间信仰">马来西亚</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亚民间信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aliran kepercayaan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚民间信仰（页面不存在）">印度尼西亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliran_kepercayaan" class="extiw" title="en:Aliran kepercayaan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aliran kepercayaan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴廷信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kebatinan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%BB%B7%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴廷信仰（页面不存在）">巴廷信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebatinan" class="extiw" title="en:Kebatinan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kebatinan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚原住民神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Australian Aboriginal mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚原住民神话（页面不存在）">澳大利亚原住民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Australian Aboriginal mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Australian Aboriginal mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="美洲原住民宗教">美洲原住民</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中部美洲宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mesoamerican religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中部美洲宗教（页面不存在）">中部美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Mesoamerican religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mesoamerican religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律宾神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philippine mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律宾神话（页面不存在）">菲律宾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Philippine mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philippine mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波利尼西亚神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polynesian narrative"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波利尼西亚神话（页面不存在）">波利尼西亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_narrative" class="extiw" title="en:Polynesian narrative"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polynesian narrative</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="貨物崇拜">貨物崇拜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="新興宗教">新興宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="狄斯科蒂亚信仰">不和教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃坎卡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eckankar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%9D%8E%E5%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃坎卡（页面不存在）">埃坎卡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckankar" class="extiw" title="en:Eckankar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eckankar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="法輪功">法輪功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%97%A6%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="撒旦崇拜">撒旦崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E6%B5%AE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="幽浮宗教">幽浮宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E7%88%BE%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="雷爾運動">雷爾運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E4%BF%AE" title="奧修">羅傑尼希教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%94%E5%9F%BA" title="山達基">山達基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E7%91%AA" title="泰勒瑪">泰勒瑪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%95%91%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="普救一位神教">一神普救派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%A1%E6%95%99" title="威卡教">威卡教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%BD%95%E6%95%99" title="布爾罕教">布爾罕教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="历史宗教" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="宗教史">历史宗教</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="史前宗教">史前宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旧石器时代宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paleolithic religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旧石器时代宗教（页面不存在）">旧石器时代宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Paleolithic religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paleolithic religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代近东宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religions of the ancient Near East"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代近东宗教（页面不存在）">近东宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" class="extiw" title="en:Religions of the ancient Near East"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religions of the ancient Near East</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古埃及宗教">古埃及宗教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古美索不达米亚宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古美索不达米亚宗教（页面不存在）">美索不达米亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Mesopotamian religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Mesopotamian religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古闪米特宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Semitic religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古闪米特宗教（页面不存在）">闪米特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Semitic religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Semitic religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="原始印欧宗教">原始印欧宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">亚洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原始印伊宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始印伊宗教（页面不存在）">原始印伊宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proto-Indo-Iranian religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚美尼亚神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Armenian mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚美尼亚神话（页面不存在）">亚美尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Armenian mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Armenian mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥塞梯神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ossetian mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥塞梯神话（页面不存在）">奥塞梯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Ossetian mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ossetian mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="吠陀宗教">吠陀宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" title="祆教">琐罗亚斯德教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%95%99" title="密特拉教">密特拉教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祖梵教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zurvanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E6%A2%B5%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖梵教（页面不存在）">祖梵教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvanism" class="extiw" title="en:Zurvanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zurvanism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">欧洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凯尔特多神教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Celtic polytheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯尔特多神教（页面不存在）">凯尔特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_polytheism" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic polytheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Celtic polytheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="日耳曼多神教">日耳曼</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盎格鲁-撒克逊异教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anglo-Saxon paganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊异教（页面不存在）">盎格鲁-撒克逊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" class="extiw" title="en:Anglo-Saxon paganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anglo-Saxon paganism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大陆日耳曼神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Continental Germanic mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大陆日耳曼神话（页面不存在）">大陆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Continental Germanic mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Continental Germanic mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="北欧多神教">诺斯</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古希臘宗教">古希臘宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新柏拉图主义">新柏拉图主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="史前巴尔干神话">巴尔干</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古羅馬宗教">古羅馬宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="斯拉夫神話">斯拉夫</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="斯拉夫多神教">東斯拉夫</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="主题" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">主题</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E6%95%99" title="叛教">叛教</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="离教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious disaffiliation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="离教（页面不存在）">离教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" class="extiw" title="en:Religious disaffiliation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious disaffiliation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教行为" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious behaviour"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教行为（页面不存在）">行为</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_behaviour" class="extiw" title="en:Religious behaviour"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious behaviour</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">圣职者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">转化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神灵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%B4%E5%B9%BB%E5%8A%91" title="宗教致幻劑">宗教致幻劑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="教派">教派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%84%B0%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="火焰崇拜">火焰崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E_(%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99)" title="神 (一神教)">神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E6%83%B3" title="冥想">冥想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="修行制度">修行制度</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="出家人">修士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="修女">修女</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="神秘主義">神秘主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion and mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与神话（页面不存在）">神话</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion and mythology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="自然崇拜">自然崇拜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣职授任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ordination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E6%8E%88%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣职授任（页面不存在）">圣职授任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination" class="extiw" title="en:Ordination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ordination</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1_(%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0)" title="正統 (信仰)">正统</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="正行 (信仰)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orthopraxy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E8%A1%8C_(%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正行 (信仰)（页面不存在）">正行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopraxy" class="extiw" title="en:Orthopraxy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orthopraxy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%B7%E5%91%8A" title="祷告">祷告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="宗教經驗">宗教体验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" title="仪式">仪式</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮拜儀式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BA%E7%89%B2" title="牺牲">牺牲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%80%A7" title="靈性">靈性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="超自然现象">超自然</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教符号" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious symbolism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教符号（页面不存在）">符号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_symbolism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious symbolism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious symbolism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教真理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious views on truth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教真理（页面不存在）">真理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" class="extiw" title="en:Religious views on truth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious views on truth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水与宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水与宗教（页面不存在）">水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Water and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water and religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="崇拜">崇拜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="有神论">有神论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="二元论">二元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="主神论">主神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="一神論">一神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="非有神论">非有神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%A8%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="萬有在神論">万有在神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="泛神论">泛神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="多神论">多神论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超越神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transtheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超越神论（页面不存在）">超越神论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtheism" class="extiw" title="en:Transtheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transtheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗主义">世俗主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="反宗教">反宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知论">不可知论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%A1%E6%80%AA%E7%89%A9" title="飞行面条怪物">飞行面条怪物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人文犹太教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic Judaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人文犹太教（页面不存在）">人文犹太教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic Judaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic Judaism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>无属</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="新無神論">新無神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="顺世论">順世派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉维撒旦主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="LaVeyan Satanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E6%92%92%E6%97%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维撒旦主义（页面不存在）">拉维撒旦主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVeyan_Satanism" class="extiw" title="en:LaVeyan Satanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">LaVeyan Satanism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与解构主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Deconstruction and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与解构主义（页面不存在）">解构主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deconstruction_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Deconstruction and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Deconstruction and religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各国无宗教状况" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irreligion by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%A0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各国无宗教状况（页面不存在）">各国无宗教状况</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Irreligion by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irreligion by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="客觀主義">客觀主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗人文主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Secular theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗神学（页面不存在）">世俗神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Secular theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Secular theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E5%8C%96" title="世俗化">世俗化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="政教分离">政教分离</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#宗教的批判">批判</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E7%B2%89%E7%B4%85%E7%8D%A8%E8%A7%92%E7%8D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="透明粉紅獨角獸">透明粉紅獨角獸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教学">宗教学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教人类学">宗教人类学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教认知科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cognitive science of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教认知科学（页面不存在）">认知科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Cognitive science of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cognitive science of religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83" title="宗教比較">比较学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="宗教史">宗教史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="宗教的進化起源">宗教的進化起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教演化心理學">宗教演化心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">哲学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教神经学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neurotheology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教神经学（页面不存在）">神经学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotheology" class="extiw" title="en:Neurotheology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neurotheology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教心理學">宗教心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">宗教社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教理论（页面不存在）">理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女性与宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性与宗教（页面不存在）">女性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Women and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women and religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="Category:宗教與社會">宗教与社会</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与农业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion and agriculture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与农业（页面不存在）">农业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and agriculture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion and agriculture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion and business"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与经济（页面不存在）">经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_business" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and business"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion and business</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">圣职者</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="修道">修行制度</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣职授任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ordination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E6%8E%88%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣职授任（页面不存在）">圣职授任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination" class="extiw" title="en:Ordination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ordination</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">转化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="傳福音">傳福音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">传教士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%B8%E8%AA%98%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="勸誘改宗">勸誘改宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious education"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教教育（页面不存在）">教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_education" class="extiw" title="en:Religious education"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious education</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8B%82%E7%83%AD" title="宗教狂热">狂热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">自由</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教多元主义">多元主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%9C%E6%94%9D" title="綜攝">綜攝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="宽容">宽容</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="普世主义">普世主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="原教旨主義">原教旨主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%80%E5%BF%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="发展最快的宗教">发展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教与幸福">幸福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80" title="宗教與同性戀">同性恋</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="少数群体宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minority religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="少数群体宗教（页面不存在）">少数群体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Minority religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minority religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="民族教會">民族教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各国宗教重要程度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Importance of religion by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各国宗教重要程度（页面不存在）">各国信仰程度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Importance of religion by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Importance of religion by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教政治科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Political science of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教政治科学（页面不存在）">政治科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Political science of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Political science of religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="宗教人口列表">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="教派分裂">教派分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教与科学">科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">国家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%9D%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="神权政治">神权政治</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与素食主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vegetarianism and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%B4%A0%E9%A3%9F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与素食主义（页面不存在）">素食主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Vegetarianism and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vegetarianism and religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教中心主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religiocentrism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教中心主义（页面不存在）">宗教中心主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiocentrism" class="extiw" title="en:Religiocentrism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religiocentrism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="宗教暴力">暴力</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="宗教迫害">迫害</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教恐怖主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious terrorism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教恐怖主义（页面不存在）">恐怖主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious terrorism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious terrorism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="宗教战争">战争</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与财富" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wealth and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%B4%A2%E5%AF%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与财富（页面不存在）">财富</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Wealth and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wealth and religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C" title="多重宗教身份認同">多重宗教身份認同</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="世界基督教">世界基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治神学">政治神学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="公共神學">公共神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="第二代信徒">第二代信徒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">概观<br />及<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:宗教相關列表">列表</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教相关条目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of religion-related articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教相关条目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of religion-related articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of religion-related articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教概述（页面不存在）">概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="宗教年表">年表</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚伯拉罕诸教先知列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕诸教先知列表（页面不存在）">亚伯拉罕诸教先知</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E7%A5%9E%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="被神化的人列表">神化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of deities"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神列表（页面不存在）">神</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deities" class="extiw" title="en:List of deities"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of deities</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%88%9B%E5%A7%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="主要宗教创始人列表">创始人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史上最大和平集会列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of largest peaceful gatherings in history"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史上最大和平集会列表（页面不存在）">大型集会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings_in_history" class="extiw" title="en:List of largest peaceful gatherings in history"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of largest peaceful gatherings in history</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新兴宗教运动列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of new religious movements"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新兴宗教运动列表（页面不存在）">新兴宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" class="extiw" title="en:List of new religious movements"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of new religious movements</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教组织列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of religious organizations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教组织列表（页面不存在）">宗教组织</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of religious organizations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of religious organizations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教及传统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of religions and spiritual traditions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8A%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教及传统（页面不存在）">宗教及传统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" class="extiw" title="en:List of religions and spiritual traditions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of religions and spiritual traditions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教学学者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of religious studies scholars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教学学者列表（页面不存在）">学者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_studies_scholars" class="extiw" title="en:List of religious studies scholars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of religious studies scholars</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Category:宗教">类目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Portal:宗教">主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="宗教哲学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:宗教哲学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:宗教哲学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:宗教哲学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="宗教哲学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">宗教哲学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">宗教概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E4%B8%96" title="來世">來世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E5%8F%99%E5%BC%97%E4%BC%A6%E5%9B%B0%E5%A2%83" title="游叙弗伦困境">尤西弗罗困境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="智能设计">智能设计论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E8%B7%A1" title="奇跡">神迹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E6%83%A1%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="罪惡問題">罪恶问题</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82" title="灵魂">灵魂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="精神">精神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA" title="神义论">神义论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神學無用論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theological veto"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E7%84%A1%E7%94%A8%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神學無用論（页面不存在）">神學無用論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_veto" class="extiw" title="en:Theological veto"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theological veto</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="神的概念">神的概念</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚里士多德神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aristotelian theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚里士多德神学（页面不存在）">亚里士多德神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Aristotelian theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aristotelian theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5" title="梵">梵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%8C%A0%E9%80%A0%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB" title="巨匠造物主">巨匠造物主</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神圣至简" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Divine simplicity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E8%87%B3%E7%AE%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神圣至简（页面不存在）">神圣至简</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_simplicity" class="extiw" title="en:Divine simplicity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Divine simplicity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="倫理利己主義">倫理利己主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%80" title="太一">太一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="仇神論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Misotheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%87%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仇神論（页面不存在）">仇神論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misotheism" class="extiw" title="en:Misotheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Misotheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="泛自然神論">泛自然神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E7%A5%9E" title="人格神">人格神</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="進程神學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Process theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B2%E7%A8%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="進程神學（页面不存在）">進程神學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Process theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Process theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E_(%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99)" title="神 (一神教)">至高存在</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="神就是宇宙">神就是宇宙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不動的動者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unmoved mover"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不動的動者（页面不存在）">不動的動者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmoved_mover" class="extiw" title="en:Unmoved mover"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unmoved mover</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><b>各信仰中的神</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E#儒教、道教、華人民間信仰" title="神">儒教、道教、華人民間信仰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚伯拉罕宗教中的神" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="God in Abrahamic religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕宗教中的神（页面不存在）">亚伯拉罕宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" class="extiw" title="en:God in Abrahamic religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">God in Abrahamic religions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教的创世者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Creator in Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9B%E4%B8%96%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教的创世者（页面不存在）">佛教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Creator in Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Creator in Buddhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">基督教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度教的神" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="God in Hinduism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教的神（页面不存在）">印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Hinduism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">God in Hinduism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="伊斯兰教的神">伊斯兰教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耆那教的神（页面不存在）">耆那教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教的神" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="God in Judaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教的神（页面不存在）">犹太教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Judaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">God in Judaism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摩门教的神" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="God in Mormonism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E9%97%A8%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩门教的神（页面不存在）">摩门教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Mormonism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">God in Mormonism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="锡克教的神" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="God in Sikhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锡克教的神（页面不存在）">锡克教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Sikhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">God in Sikhism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="巴哈伊信仰的神">巴哈伊信仰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巫术对神性的看法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wiccan views of divinity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%AB%E6%9C%AF%E5%AF%B9%E7%A5%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巫术对神性的看法（页面不存在）">巫术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiccan_views_of_divinity" class="extiw" title="en:Wiccan views of divinity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wiccan views of divinity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E6%80%A7" title="神的存在性">神的存在性</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>支持</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美论证（页面不存在）">美论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督论证（页面不存在）">基督论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意识论证（页面不存在）">意识论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙学论证（页面不存在）">宇宙学论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="程度论证（页面不存在）">程度论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9B%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欲望论证（页面不存在）">欲望论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教经验论证（页面不存在）">宗教经验论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="愛論證">爱论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="奇蹟論證">奇迹论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美德论证（页面不存在）">美德论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81%E6%98%8E" title="本体论证明">本体论论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%AD%E6%B3%A8" title="帕斯卡的賭注">帕斯卡的賭注</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合理基础论证（页面不存在）">合理基础论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%99%BA%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理智论证（页面不存在）">理智论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="目的論論證">目的论论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超验主义关于神存在的论证（页面不存在）">超验主义关于神存在的论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%AE%E5%87%BB%E8%80%85%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="目击者论证（页面不存在）">目击者论证</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>反对</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%88%E6%9E%81%E6%B3%A2%E9%9F%B3747%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="终极波音747策略">终极波音747策略</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%8C%E6%B3%A8" title="无神论者的赌注">无神论者的赌注</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E6%83%A1%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="罪惡問題">伊壁鳩魯悖論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E8%88%87%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自由意志與神學">自由意志悖論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地狱问题" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Problem of Hell"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%8B%B1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地狱问题（页面不存在）">地狱问题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell" class="extiw" title="en:Problem of Hell"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Problem of Hell</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E5%90%AF%E7%A4%BA%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="不一致启示论证">不一致启示论证</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无信仰论证" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Argument from nonbelief"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无信仰论证（页面不存在）">无信仰论证</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_nonbelief" class="extiw" title="en:Argument from nonbelief"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Argument from nonbelief</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神学語言非认知主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theological noncognitivism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9D%9E%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神学語言非认知主义（页面不存在）">神学語言非认知主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" class="extiw" title="en:Theological noncognitivism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theological noncognitivism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E5%89%83%E5%88%80" title="奥卡姆剃刀">奥卡姆剃刀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E8%83%BD%E6%82%96%E8%AB%96" title="全能悖論">全能悖论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肚脐假设" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Omphalos hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9A%E8%84%90%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肚脐假设（页面不存在）">肚脐假设</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omphalos_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Omphalos hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Omphalos hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坏设计论证" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Poor design"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坏设计论证（页面不存在）">坏设计论证</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_design" class="extiw" title="en:Poor design"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Poor design</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%8C%B6%E5%A3%BA" title="羅素的茶壺">羅素的茶壺</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无知者的命运" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fate of the unlearned"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E7%9F%A5%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E8%BF%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无知者的命运（页面不存在）">无知者的命运</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate_of_the_unlearned" class="extiw" title="en:Fate of the unlearned"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fate of the unlearned</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">宗教理论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="天人合一">天人合一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AE%BA" title="无宇宙论">无宇宙论</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知论">不可知论</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="反宗教">反宗教主义</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96" title="創造論">明理思想運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8)" title="法 (印度哲學)">法 (印度哲學)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="基督徒自然神论">基督徒自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神圣命令论（页面不存在）">神圣命令论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AB%96" title="二元論">二元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="秘密宗教">秘教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%8E%92%E4%BB%96%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教排他论（页面不存在）">宗教排他论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="存在主义">存在主义</a> （<small><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="存在主義神學">基督教</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不可知论的存在主义（页面不存在）">不可知论</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无神论的存在主义（页面不存在）">无神论</a></small>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="婦女神學">婦女神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="单一主神论">单一主神教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="人文主义">人文主义</a> （<small><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教人文主义">宗教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教人文主义">基督教</a></small>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教兼容主义（页面不存在）">宗教兼容主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA" title="一元论">一元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="一神論">一神教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="神秘主義">神秘主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自然主义">自然主义</a> （<small><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="形而上自然主義">形而上</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教自然主义（页面不存在）">宗教</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人文主义的自然主义（页面不存在）">人文主义</a></small>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非二元论（页面不存在）">非二元论</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="非有神论">非有神论</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="泛自然神論">泛自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="泛神论">泛神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="多神論">多神论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="过程神学（页面不存在）">过程神学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教原教旨主义（页面不存在）">宗教原教旨主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教唯心论（页面不存在）">宗教唯心论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教">萨满教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="有神论">有神论</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%97%E8%88%87%E5%BE%8C%E9%A9%97" title="先驗與後驗">先验论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C" title="多重宗教身份認同">多重宗教身份認同</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教多元主义">宗教多元主義</a></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学理论列表（页面不存在）">更多...</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:宗教哲学家">宗教哲学家</a><br /><br /><small>（按活跃年代）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">古代<br />中世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9" title="赫拉克利特">赫拉克利特</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%B1%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="波爱修斯">波爱修斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%9B%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E7%91%9F%E8%8E%AB" title="坎特伯雷的安瑟莫">安瑟莫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="邁蒙尼德">迈蒙尼德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%9B%E5%B8%96%E7%9A%84%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔毛帖的高尼罗（页面不存在）">马尔毛帖的高尼罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%AD%AF%E4%B8%96%E5%BE%B7" title="伊本·魯世德">鲁世德</a>（阿威罗伊）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%9A%E6%8B%89" title="喬瓦尼·皮科·德拉·米蘭多拉">米兰多拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9F" title="德西德里乌斯·伊拉斯谟">伊拉斯谟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">启蒙运动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔">笛卡儿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="布莱斯·帕斯卡">帕斯卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%AD%AF%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E8%AB%BE%E8%8E%8E" title="巴魯赫·斯賓諾莎">斯宾诺莎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·沃勒斯顿（页面不存在）">威廉·沃勒斯顿</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托马斯·乔伯（页面不存在）">托马斯·乔伯</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E8%B0%9F" title="大卫·休谟">大卫·休谟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" title="保爾·霍爾巴赫">霍尔巴赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="伊曼努尔·康德">康德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·戈特弗里德·赫尔德">赫尔德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1800</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E8%B5%AB" title="弗里德里希·施萊爾馬赫">施莱尔马赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">黑格尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1880</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·海克尔">海克尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·金頓·克利福德">克利福德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" title="弗里德里希·尼采">尼采</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈格尔德·霍夫丁（页面不存在）">哈格尔德·霍夫丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉·詹姆士">威廉·詹姆士</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉基米尔·索罗沃夫 (哲学家)（页面不存在）">弗拉基米尔·索罗沃夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87" title="恩斯特·特勒爾奇">恩斯特·特勒爾奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98" title="鲁道夫·奥托">鲁道夫·奥托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="列夫·舍斯托夫">列夫·舍斯托夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="谢尔盖·布尔加科夫">布尔加科夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德">弗洛伊德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·卡西尔">卡西尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%A1%94%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="乔治·桑塔亚那">乔治·桑塔亚那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A0" title="伯特兰·罗素">罗素</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕弗罗·弗罗伦斯基（页面不存在）">帕弗罗·弗罗伦斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%AF" title="马丁·布伯">马丁·布伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E7%94%B0%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B" title="保羅·田立克">保羅·田立克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9" title="卡爾·巴特">卡爾·巴特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="艾米爾·布魯內爾">布鲁内尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%8C%B5%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="雷茵霍尔德·尼布尔">雷茵霍尔德·尼布尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">战后</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%81%B0%C2%B7%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米尔恰·以利亚德（页面不存在）">米尔恰·以利亚德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%9F%BA" title="约翰·莱斯利·麦基">约翰·莱斯利·麦基</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E7%A7%AF%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·积奇（页面不存在）">彼得·积奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%B2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="安东尼·弗鲁">安东尼·弗鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·阿尔斯顿（页面不存在）">威廉·阿尔斯顿</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7L%C2%B7%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·L·罗（页面不存在）">威廉·L·罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%81%E6%A0%BC" title="阿尔文·普兰丁格">阿尔文·普兰丁格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%BA%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9" title="理察·斯溫伯恩">斯温伯恩</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%AE%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·摩尔日修·亚当斯（页面不存在）">羅伯特·摩尔日修·亚当斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%89%B9" title="丹尼爾·丹尼特">丹尼爾·丹尼特</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%8E%B1%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·莱恩·柯莱格（页面不存在）">威廉·莱恩·柯莱格</a></li></ul> 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title="Special:编辑页面/Template:无宗教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="非宗教和非神思想" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">非宗教和非神思想</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="无宗教">无宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="非有神论">非有神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="反宗教">反宗教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后非有神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Post-theism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后非有神论（页面不存在）">后非有神论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-theism" class="extiw" title="en:Post-theism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Post-theism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%99%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反教权主义">反教权主义</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#宗教的批判">宗教#宗教的批判</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="虚构宗教">虚构宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗人文主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="自由思想">自由思想</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="无神论者列表">无神论者列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="无神论人口">人口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无神论与宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Atheism and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无神论与宗教（页面不存在）">宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Atheism and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Atheism and religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="无神论的历史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%99%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反教权主义">反教权主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="国家无神论">国家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="新無神論">新式</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对无神论的批判" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Criticism of atheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对无神论的批判（页面不存在）">批判</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_atheism" class="extiw" title="en:Criticism of atheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Criticism of atheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="對無神論者的歧視">歧视</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="隐性和显性无神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Implicit and explicit atheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%90%E6%80%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%98%BE%E6%80%A7%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隐性和显性无神论（页面不存在）">隐性与显性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_and_explicit_atheism" class="extiw" title="en:Implicit and explicit atheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Implicit and explicit atheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="消极和积极无神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Negative and positive atheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E6%9E%81%E5%92%8C%E7%A7%AF%E6%9E%81%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="消极和积极无神论（页面不存在）">消极和积极</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_and_positive_atheism" class="extiw" title="en:Negative and positive atheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Negative and positive atheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E6%80%A7" title="神的存在性">神的存在性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="反神论">反神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="基督教无神论">基督教无神论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度教无神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Atheism in Hinduism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教无神论（页面不存在）">印度教无神论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism_in_Hinduism" class="extiw" title="en:Atheism in Hinduism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Atheism in Hinduism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教无神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish atheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教无神论（页面不存在）">犹太教无神论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_atheism" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish atheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish atheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知论">不可知论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不可知论者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of agnostics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不可知论者列表（页面不存在）">不可知论者列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_agnostics" class="extiw" title="en:List of agnostics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of agnostics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA#分類" title="不可知论">强性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA#分類" title="不可知论">弱性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知无神论">不可知无神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知有神论">不可知有神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="远神论">远神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A0%E8%A7%86%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="漠视主义">漠视主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="世俗佛教">世俗佛教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="非有神论">非有神论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#宗教的批判">宗教#宗教的批判</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗人文主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="自由思想">自由思想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%A1%E6%80%AA%E7%89%A9" title="飞行面条怪物">飞行面条怪物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E5%90%AF%E7%A4%BA%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="不一致启示论证">不一致启示论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%BD%A2%E7%B2%89%E7%B4%85%E7%8D%A8%E8%A7%92%E7%8D%B8" title="隱形粉紅獨角獸">隱形粉紅獨角獸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无神论宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nontheistic religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无神论宗教（页面不存在）">无神论宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontheistic_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Nontheistic religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nontheistic religions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="虚构宗教">虚构宗教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后非有神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Post-theism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后非有神论（页面不存在）">后非有神论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-theism" class="extiw" title="en:Post-theism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Post-theism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%8C%B6%E5%A3%BA" title="羅素的茶壺">罗素的茶壶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神学非认知论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theological noncognitivism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%9D%9E%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神学非认知论（页面不存在）">神学非认知论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" class="extiw" title="en:Theological noncognitivism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theological noncognitivism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transtheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超神论（页面不存在）">超神论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtheism" class="extiw" title="en:Transtheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transtheism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自然主义">自然主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人文自然主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic naturalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人文自然主义（页面不存在）">人文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_naturalism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic naturalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic naturalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="形而上自然主義">形而上</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89#方法论的自然主义与形而上学的自然主义" title="自然主义">方法论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教自然主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious naturalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教自然主义（页面不存在）">宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_naturalism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious naturalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious naturalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%">人群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="无神论者列表">无神论者</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不可知论者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of agnostics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不可知论者列表（页面不存在）">不可知论者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_agnostics" class="extiw" title="en:List of agnostics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of agnostics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗人文主义者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of secular humanists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗人文主义者列表（页面不存在）">世俗人文主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_secular_humanists" class="extiw" title="en:List of secular humanists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of secular humanists</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泛神论者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of pantheists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泛神论者列表（页面不存在）">泛神论者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pantheists" class="extiw" title="en:List of pantheists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of pantheists</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然神论者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of deists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然神论者列表（页面不存在）">自然神论者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deists" class="extiw" title="en:List of deists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of deists</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%">书籍</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="破除魔咒：成为自然现象的宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%B4%E9%99%A4%E9%AD%94%E5%92%92%EF%BC%9A%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="破除魔咒：成为自然现象的宗教（页面不存在）">破除魔咒：成为自然现象的宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_the_Spell:_Religion_as_a_Natural_Phenomenon" class="extiw" title="en:Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%82%E7%B5%90%EF%BC%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E3%80%81%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E5%8F%8A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86" title="信仰的終結：宗教、恐怖行動及理性的未來">信仰的終結：宗教、恐怖行動及理性的未來</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E9%94%99%E8%A7%89" title="上帝错觉">上帝错觉</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%9F%E5%A4%A7" title="上帝不伟大">上帝不伟大</a>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="致基督教国家的信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Letter to a Christian Nation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="致基督教国家的信（页面不存在）">致基督教国家的信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_to_a_Christian_Nation" class="extiw" title="en:Letter to a Christian Nation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Letter to a Christian Nation</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系统</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="我为什么不是基督徒">我为什么不是基督徒</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="我为什么不是穆斯林">我为什么不是穆斯林</a>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗主义组织列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of secularist organizations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗主义组织列表（页面不存在）">组织</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_secularist_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of secularist organizations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of secularist organizations</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國無神論者協會">美国无神论者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="美国人文主义协会">美国人文主义协会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國際無神論聯盟">國際無神論聯盟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国人文主义协会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British Humanist Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国人文主义协会（页面不存在）">英国人文主义协会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Humanist_Association" class="extiw" title="en:British Humanist Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British Humanist Association</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教自由基金会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Freedom From Religion Foundation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教自由基金会（页面不存在）">宗教自由基金会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_From_Religion_Foundation" class="extiw" title="en:Freedom From Religion Foundation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Freedom From Religion Foundation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际人道和伦理联合会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Humanist and Ethical Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际人道和伦理联合会（页面不存在）">国际人道和伦理联合会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Union" class="extiw" title="en:International Humanist and Ethical Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Humanist and Ethical Union</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="理性集会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reason Rally"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理性集会（页面不存在）">理性集会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason_Rally" class="extiw" title="en:Reason Rally"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reason Rally</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="从宗教中恢复" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Recovering from Religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="从宗教中恢复（页面不存在）">从宗教中恢复</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovering_from_Religion" class="extiw" title="en:Recovering from Religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Recovering from Religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界泛神论运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Pantheist Movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界泛神论运动（页面不存在）">世界泛神论运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Pantheist_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:World Pantheist Movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Pantheist Movement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F5DEB3;;width:1%">相关话题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反宗教国家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irreligion by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反宗教国家（页面不存在）">反宗教国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Irreligion by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irreligion by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗主义">世俗主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="法國世俗主義">法國世俗主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="新兴宗教">新兴宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="虚构宗教">虚构宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%AC%8A%E8%A8%80" title="高尚的謊言">高尚的謊言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9174#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9174#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9174#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Religiones"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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