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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Unification of Castile and León</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unification_of_Castile_and_León-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconquest_of_al-Andalus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconquest_of_al-Andalus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reconquest of al-Andalus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconquest_of_al-Andalus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Domestic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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<span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>First marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Second marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferdinand III of Castile</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_(%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9)" title="فرناندو الثالث (ملك قشتالة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرناندو الثالث (ملك قشتالة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernandu_III_de_Castiella" title="Fernandu III de Castiella – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fernandu III de Castiella" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_III_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Фердынанд III Кастыльскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фердынанд III Кастыльскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_III_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Фернандо III (Кастилия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фернандо III (Кастилия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III_Kastilha" title="Fernando III Kastilha – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fernando III Kastilha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferran_III_de_Castella" title="Ferran III de Castella – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ferran III de Castella" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_III_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%97)" title="Фернандо III (Кастили королӗ) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фернандо III (Кастили королӗ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III._Kastilsk%C3%BD" title="Ferdinand III. Kastilský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ferdinand III. Kastilský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III._(Kastilien)" title="Ferdinand III. (Kastilien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ferdinand III. (Kastilien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Φερδινάνδος Γ΄ της Καστίλης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φερδινάνδος Γ΄ της Καστίλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III_de_Castilla" title="Fernando III de Castilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fernando III de Castilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_la_3-a_(Kastilio)" title="Ferdinando la 3-a (Kastilio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ferdinando la 3-a (Kastilio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III.a_Gaztelakoa" title="Fernando III.a Gaztelakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fernando III.a Gaztelakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرناندوی سوم، پادشاه کاستیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرناندوی سوم، پادشاه کاستیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III_(roi_de_Castille)" title="Ferdinand III (roi de Castille) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ferdinand III (roi de Castille)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III_fan_Kastylje" title="Ferdinand III fan Kastylje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferdinand III fan Kastylje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III_de_Castela" title="Fernando III de Castela – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fernando III de Castela" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%9C%EB%8F%84_3%EC%84%B8" title="페르난도 3세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르난도 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4_III_(%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)" title="Ֆերդինանդ III (Կաստիլիայի թագավոր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերդինանդ III (Կաստիլիայի թագավոր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III.,_kastiljski_kralj" title="Ferdinand III., kastiljski kralj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ferdinand III., kastiljski kralj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III_dari_Kastila" title="Fernando III dari Kastila – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fernando III dari Kastila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_III_di_Castiglia" title="Ferdinando III di Castiglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ferdinando III di Castiglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרננדו השלישי, מלך קסטיליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרננדו השלישי, מלך קסטיליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_III" title="ფერნანდო III – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერნანდო III" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_III_wa_Castilla" title="Ferdinando III wa Castilla – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ferdinando III wa Castilla" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinandus_III_(rex_Castellae_et_Legionis)" title="Ferdinandus III (rex Castellae et Legionis) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ferdinandus III (rex Castellae et Legionis)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinandas_III_(Leonas)" title="Ferdinandas III (Leonas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ferdinandas III (Leonas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kaszt%C3%ADliai_kir%C3%A1ly" title="III. Ferdinánd kasztíliai király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Ferdinánd kasztíliai király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فرناندو التالت ملك كاستييا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرناندو التالت ملك كاستييا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III_dari_Castile" title="Ferdinand III dari Castile – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ferdinand III dari Castile" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III_van_Castili%C3%AB" title="Ferdinand III van Castilië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ferdinand III van Castilië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%893%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E7%8E%8B)" title="フェルナンド3世 (カスティーリャ王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェルナンド3世 (カスティーリャ王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdynand_III_%C5%9Awi%C4%99ty" title="Ferdynand III Święty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ferdynand III Święty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III_de_Castela" title="Fernando III de Castela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fernando III de Castela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_al_III-lea_de_Castilia" title="Ferdinand al III-lea de Castilia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ferdinand al III-lea de Castilia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_III_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Фернандо III (король Кастилии) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фернандо III (король Кастилии)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ferdinand III of Castile" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III._Kastiljski" title="Ferdinand III. Kastiljski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ferdinand III. Kastiljski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_III_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Фернандо III од Кастиље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фернандо III од Кастиље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III_od_Kastilje" title="Fernando III od Kastilje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fernando III od Kastilje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III_(Kastilia)" title="Ferdinand III (Kastilia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ferdinand III (Kastilia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III_av_Kastilien" title="Ferdinand III av Kastilien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ferdinand III av Kastilien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="พระเจ้าเฟร์นันโดที่ 3 แห่งกัสติยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าเฟร์นันโดที่ 3 แห่งกัสติยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Ferdinand_(Kastilya_kral%C4%B1)" title="III. Ferdinand (Kastilya kralı) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Ferdinand (Kastilya kralı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_III" title="Фернандо III – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фернандо III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_III_han_Castilla" title="Fernando III han Castilla – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fernando III han Castilla" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%EF%BC%89" title="费尔南多三世（卡斯蒂利亚） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="费尔南多三世（卡斯蒂利亚）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="費爾南多三世 (卡斯蒂利亞) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="費爾南多三世 (卡斯蒂利亞)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q243122#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_III&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando III">Fernando III</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Castile (1217–1252) and León (1230–1252)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Ferdinand III</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_III_de_Castilla_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fernando_III_de_Castilla_02.jpg/220px-Fernando_III_de_Castilla_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Fernando_III_de_Castilla_02.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="460" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Ferdinand III in a 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">miniature</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Castile">King of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Toledo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Toledo">Toledo</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1217 – 30 May 1252</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso X">Alfonso X</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="King of León">King of León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">24 September 1230 <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>)</i></span> or 11 December 1230 <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>)</i></span> – <span class="nowrap">30 May 1252</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sancha,_heiress_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancha, heiress of León">Sancha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">and</span> <a href="/wiki/Dulce_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Dulce of León">Dulce</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>)</i></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>)</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso X">Alfonso X</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1199/1201<br />Monastery of Valparaíso, Peleas de Arriba, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 May 1252 (aged 50–53)<br /><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Seville_Cathedral" title="Seville Cathedral">Seville Cathedral</a>, Seville, Spain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen">Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1219; died 1235)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Joan, Countess of Ponthieu">Joan, Countess of Ponthieu</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1237)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Family">among others...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Castile" title="Frederick of Castile">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Castile_the_Senator" title="Henry of Castile the Senator">Henry the Senator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Castile" title="Philip of Castile">Philip, Lord of Valdecorneja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_of_Castile_(bishop)" title="Sancho of Castile (bishop)">Sancho, Archbishop of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_of_Castile" title="Manuel of Castile">Manuel, Lord of Villena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Castile_(born_1238)" title="Ferdinand of Castile (born 1238)">Ferdinand II, Count of Aumale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor, Queen of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Castilian_House_of_Ivrea" title="Castilian House of Ivrea">Castilian House of Ivrea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria of Castile</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ferdinand III</b> (Spanish: <i lang="es">Fernando</i>; 1199/1201 – 30 May 1252), called <b>the Saint</b> (<i>el Santo</i>), was <a href="/wiki/King_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Castile">King of Castile</a> from 1217 and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="King of León">King of León</a> from 1230 as well as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Galicia">King of Galicia</a> from 1231.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBianchini20121_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBianchini20121-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berenguela_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenguela of Castile">Berenguela of Castile</a>. Through his second marriage he was also <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Aumale" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Aumale">Count of Aumale</a>. Ferdinand III was one of the most successful kings of Castile, securing not only the permanent union of the crowns of Castile and León, but also masterminding the most expansive southward territorial expansion campaign yet in the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalquivir Valley">Guadalquivir Valley</a>, in which Islamic rule was in disarray in the wake of the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad">Almohad</a> presence in the Iberian Peninsula. He was made a saint in 1671. </p><p>By military and diplomatic efforts, Ferdinand greatly expanded the dominions of Castile by annexing the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">crown of Guadalquivir</a> river valley in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, establishing the boundaries of the Castilian state for the next two centuries. New territories included important cities such as <a href="/wiki/Baeza,_Spain" title="Baeza, Spain">Baeza</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Abeda" title="Úbeda">Úbeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, that were subject of Repartimiento, given a new general charter and repopulated in the following years. </p><p>Ferdinand was <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> in 1671 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_X" title="Pope Clement X">Pope Clement X</a>. Places such as the cities of <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando, Pampanga</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando, La Union</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ilagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Ilagan">Diocese of Ilagan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Dilao_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="San Fernando de Dilao Church">San Fernando de Dilao Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paco,_Manila" title="Paco, Manila">Paco, Manila</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>; and in the United States, in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_California" title="San Fernando, California">City of San Fernando</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_San_Fernando_(San_Antonio)" title="Cathedral of San Fernando (San Antonio)">Cathedral of San Fernando</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> were named in his honor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exact date of Ferdinand's birth is unclear. It has been proposed to have been as early as 1199 or even 1198, although more recent researchers commonly date Ferdinand's birth in the summer of 1201.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsón199839_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsón199839-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmmerson2013215_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmmerson2013215-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzquerra2001284_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzquerra2001284-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand was born at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a> of Valparaíso (Peleas de Arriba, in what is now the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Province of Zamora</a>). </p><p>As the son of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a> and his second wife <a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria of Castile</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinehan2008xvii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinehan2008xvii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand descended from <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VII of León and Castile">Alfonso VII of León and Castile</a> on both sides; his paternal grandfather <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand II of León">Ferdinand II of León</a> and maternal great grandfather <a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Castile" title="Sancho III of Castile">Sancho III of Castile</a> were the sons of Alfonso VII between whom his kingdom was divided. Ferdinand had other royal ancestors from his paternal grandmother <a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Portugal" title="Urraca of Portugal">Urraca of Portugal</a> and his maternal grandmother <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile">Eleanor of England</a> a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis2010xix_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis2010xix-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marriage of Ferdinand's parents was annulled by order of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> in 1204, due to <a href="/wiki/Consanguinity" title="Consanguinity">consanguinity</a>, but the legitimacy of the children was recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berengaria then took their children, including Ferdinand, to the court of her father, King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII of Castile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis201070_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis201070-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1217, her younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Castile" title="Henry I of Castile">Henry I</a>, died and she succeeded him on the Castilian throne with Ferdinand as her heir, but she quickly surrendered it to her son. </p><p>Alfonso of León considered himself tricked, and the young king had to begin his reign by a war against his father and a faction of the Castilian nobles. His and his mother's abilities proved too much for the king of Leon and his Castilian allies. Berengaria continued to be a key influence on Ferdinand, following her advice in prosecuting wars and even in the choice of a wife, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Swabia" title="Elisabeth of Swabia">Elisabeth of Swabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unification_of_Castile_and_León"><span id="Unification_of_Castile_and_Le.C3.B3n"></span>Unification of Castile and León</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Unification of Castile and León"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Ferdinand's father died in 1230, his will delivered the kingdom to his older daughters <a href="/wiki/Sancha,_heiress_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancha, heiress of León">Sancha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dulce_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Dulce of León">Dulce</a>, from his first marriage to <a href="/wiki/Theresa_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Theresa of Portugal, Queen of León">Teresa of Portugal</a>. But Ferdinand contested the will, and claimed the inheritance for himself. At length, an agreement was reached, negotiated primarily between their mothers, Berengaria and Teresa. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Benavente" title="Treaty of Benavente">treaty of Benavente</a> was signed on 11 December 1230, by which Ferdinand received the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a>, in return for a substantial compensation in cash and lands for his half-sisters, Sancha and Dulce. Ferdinand thus became the first sovereign of both kingdoms since the death of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VII">Alfonso VII</a> in 1157.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis1999348_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis1999348-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in his reign, Ferdinand had to deal with a rebellion of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lara" title="House of Lara">House of Lara</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconquest_of_al-Andalus">Reconquest of al-Andalus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reconquest of al-Andalus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Navas_de_Tolosa" title="Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa">Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa</a> in 1212 halted the advance of the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a> in Spain, a series of truces had kept Castile and the Almohad dominions of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> more-or-less at peace. However, a crisis of succession in the Almohad Caliphate after the death of <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_II,_Almohad_caliph" title="Yusuf II, Almohad caliph">Yusuf II</a> in 1224 gave Ferdinand III an opportunity for intervention. The Andalusian-based claimant, <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Adil" title="Abdallah al-Adil">Abdallah al-Adil</a>, began to ship the bulk of Almohad arms and men across the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">straits</a> to <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> to contest the succession with his rival there, leaving al-Andalus relatively undefended. Al-Adil's rebellious cousin, Abdullah al-Bayyasi (the <a href="/wiki/Baeza,_Spain" title="Baeza, Spain">Baezan</a>), appealed to Ferdinand III for military assistance against the usurper. In 1225, a Castilian army accompanied al-Bayyasi in a campaign, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(1225)" title="Siege of Jaén (1225)">ravaging the regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vega_de_Granada" title="Vega de Granada">vega de Granada</a> and, before the end of the year, had successfully installed al-Bayyasi in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>. In payment, al-Bayyasi gave Ferdinand the strategic frontier strongholds of <a href="/wiki/Ba%C3%B1os_de_la_Encina" title="Baños de la Encina">Baños de la Encina</a>, Salvatierra (the old <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Calatrava" title="Order of Calatrava">Order of Calatrava</a> fortress near <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Capilla,_Badajoz" title="Capilla, Badajoz">Capilla</a> (the last of which had to be taken by siege). When al-Bayyasi was rejected and killed by a popular uprising in Córdoba shortly after, the Castilians remained in occupation of al-Bayyasi's holdings in <a href="/wiki/And%C3%BAjar" title="Andújar">Andújar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baeza,_Spain" title="Baeza, Spain">Baeza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martos" title="Martos">Martos</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Fernando_III_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n,_1237.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Seal_of_Fernando_III_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1237.png/160px-Seal_of_Fernando_III_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1237.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Seal_of_Fernando_III_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1237.png/240px-Seal_of_Fernando_III_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1237.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Seal_of_Fernando_III_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1237.png/320px-Seal_of_Fernando_III_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1237.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Equestrian seal (1237) of Ferdinand III, <a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Castile#Quartering_with_the_arms_of_León" title="Heraldry of Castile">Quartering the arms of Castile and León</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The crisis in the Almohad Caliphate, however, remained unresolved. In 1228, a new Almohad pretender, <a href="/wiki/Idris_al-Ma%27mun" title="Idris al-Ma'mun">Idris al-Ma'mun</a>, decided to abandon Spain, and left with the last remnant of the Almohad forces for Morocco. Al-Andalus was left fragmented in the hands of local strongmen, only loosely led by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hud" title="Ibn Hud">Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Hud al-Judhami</a>. Seeing the opportunity, the Christian kings of the north – Ferdinand III of Castile, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Portugal" title="Sancho II of Portugal">Sancho II of Portugal</a> – immediately launched a series of raids on al-Andalus, renewed almost every year. There were no great battle encounters – Ibn Hud's makeshift Andalusian army was destroyed early on, while attempting to stop the Leonese at <a href="/wiki/Alange" title="Alange">Alange</a> in 1230. The Christian armies romped through the south virtually unopposed in the field. Individual Andalusian cities were left to resist or negotiate their capitulation by themselves, with little or no prospect of rescue from Morocco or anywhere else. </p><p>The twenty years from 1228 to 1248 saw the most massive advance in the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">reconquista</a> yet. In this great sweep, most of the great old citadels of al-Andalus fell one by one. Ferdinand III took the lion's share of the spoils – <a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a> (which had fallen to the Leonese), were promptly inherited by Ferdinand in 1230; then by his own effort, <a href="/wiki/Cazorla,_Andalusia" title="Cazorla, Andalusia">Cazorla</a> in 1231, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Abeda" title="Úbeda">Úbeda</a> in 1233, the old <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Umayyad capital</a> of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> in 1236, <a href="/wiki/Niebla,_Spain" title="Niebla, Spain">Niebla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a> in 1238, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cija" title="Écija">Écija</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucena,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Lucena, Córdoba">Lucena</a> in 1240, <a href="/wiki/Orihuela" title="Orihuela">Orihuela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> in 1243 (by the famous 'pact of Alcaraz'), <a href="/wiki/Arjona,_Spain" title="Arjona, Spain">Arjona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mula,_Spain" title="Mula, Spain">Mula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorca,_Spain" title="Lorca, Spain">Lorca</a> in 1244, <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a> in 1245, <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(1245-46)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jaén (1245-46)">in 1246</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a> in 1248 and finally, on 22 December 1248, Ferdinand III entered as a conqueror in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, the greatest of Andalusian cities. At the end of this twenty-year onslaught, only a rump Andalusian state, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a>, remained unconquered (and even so, Ferdinand III managed to extract a tributary arrangement from Granada in 1238). </p><p>Ferdinand annexed some of his conquests directly into the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>, and others were initially received and organized as vassal states under Muslim governors (e.g. Alicante, Niebla, Murcia), although they too were eventually permanently occupied and absorbed into Castile before the end of the century (Niebla in 1262, Murcia in 1264, Alicante in 1266). Outside of these vassal states, Christian rule could be heavy-handed on the new Muslim subjects. The range of Castilian conquests also sometimes transgressed into the spheres of interest of other conquerors. Thus, along the way, Ferdinand III took care to carefully negotiate with the other Christian kings to avoid conflict, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Almizra" title="Treaty of Almizra">treaty of Almizra</a> (26 March 1244) which delineated the Murcian boundary with <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a>. </p><p>Ferdinand divided the conquered territories between the <a href="/wiki/Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights">Knights</a>, the Church, and the nobility, whom he endowed with great <a href="/wiki/Latifundia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latifundia">latifundia</a>. When he took Córdoba, he ordered the <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Iudiciorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Iudiciorum">Liber Iudiciorum</a></i> to be adopted and observed by its citizens, and caused it to be rendered, albeit inaccurately, into <a href="/wiki/Castilian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian language">Castilian</a>. </p><p>The capture of Córdoba was the result of a well-planned and executed process whereby parts of the city (the Ajarquía) first fell to the independent <a href="/wiki/Almogavars" title="Almogavars">almogavars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Morena" title="Sierra Morena">Sierra Morena</a> to the north, which Ferdinand had not at the time subjugated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards20016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards20016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only in 1236 did Ferdinand arrive with a royal army to take the Medina, the religious and administrative centre of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards20016_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards20016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand set up a council of <i>partidores</i> to divide the conquests and between 1237 and 1244 a great deal of land was parcelled out to private individuals and members of the royal family as well as to the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards20017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards20017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 March 1241, Ferdinand established seven outposts to define the boundary of the province of Córdoba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Domestic policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the domestic front, Ferdinand strengthened the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a> and erected the current <a href="/wiki/Burgos_Cathedral" title="Burgos Cathedral">Cathedral of Burgos</a>. He was a patron of the newest movement in the Church, that of the <a href="/wiki/Mendicant_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendicant Orders">mendicant Orders</a>. Whereas the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a>, and then the <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cluniac" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluniac">Cluniacs</a>, had taken a major part in the <i>Reconquista</i> up until then, Ferdinand founded houses for <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarian Order">Trinitarian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mercedarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedarian">Mercedarian</a> Orders throughout Andalusia, thus determining the future religious character of that region. Ferdinand has also been credited with sustaining the <i><a href="/wiki/Convivencia" title="Convivencia">convivencia</a></i> in Andalusia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2001182_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2001182-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He himself joined the <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_St._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Order of St. Francis">Third Order of St. Francis</a>, and is honored in that Order. </p><p>He took care not to overburden his subjects with taxation, fearing, as he said, the curse of one poor woman more than a whole army of Saracens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeckmann1909_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeckmann1909-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stferdinandjf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Stferdinandjf.JPG/175px-Stferdinandjf.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Stferdinandjf.JPG/263px-Stferdinandjf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Stferdinandjf.JPG/350px-Stferdinandjf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Ferdinand III (Patio of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_San_Fernando_(Pampanga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of San Fernando (Pampanga)">Metropolitan Cathedral of San Fernando</a> in the Philippines)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ferdinand III had started out as a contested king of Castile. By the time of his death he had delivered to his son and heir, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso X">Alfonso X</a>, a massively expanded kingdom. The boundaries of the new Castilian state established by Ferdinand III remained nearly unchanged until the late 15th century. His biographer, Sister María del Carmen Fernández de Castro Cabeza, <a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus">A.C.J.</a>, asserts that, on his deathbed, Ferdinand said to his son "you will be rich in land and in many good vassals, more than any other king in Christendom."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_de_Castro_Cabeza1988277_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_de_Castro_Cabeza1988277-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferdinand's death was attributed to a <a href="/wiki/Dropsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropsy">dropsy</a> he contracted in the winter of 1251. His death took place on 30 May 1252, and he was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Seville">Cathedral of Seville</a> by his son, Alfonso X. The funeral took place on 1 June 1252 and was officiated by Remondo, Bishop of Segovia, in the cathedral. In the city there were royal vassals, bishops, abbots and wealthy men of the kingdom, who had come to show their lament. His tomb was inscribed in four languages: <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and an early version of <a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenocal200947_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenocal200947-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> as Saint Ferdinand by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_X" title="Pope Clement X">Pope Clement X</a> in 1671.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReilly1993133_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReilly1993133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the <a href="/wiki/Incorruptibility" title="Incorruptibility">incorrupt body</a> of Saint Ferdinand can still be seen in the Cathedral of Seville, for he rests enclosed in a gold and crystal casket worthy of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His golden crown still encircles his head as he reclines beneath the statue of the Virgin of the Kings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzhenry20096_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzhenry20096-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several places named <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="San Fernando (disambiguation)">San Fernando</a> were founded across the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> in his honor. His supposed likeliness, <a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">enthronement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobera_(sword)" title="Lobera (sword)">sword</a> and orb are depicted on the crest of <a href="/wiki/Sevilla_FC" title="Sevilla FC">Sevilla Fútbol Club</a>. </p><p>The symbol of his power as a king was his sword <a href="/wiki/Lobera_(sword)" title="Lobera (sword)">Lobera</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patronage">Patronage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Patronage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Saint Ferdinand III</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_III_el_Santo,_rey_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Fernando_III_el_Santo%2C_rey_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.jpg/220px-Fernando_III_el_Santo%2C_rey_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Fernando_III_el_Santo%2C_rey_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.jpg/330px-Fernando_III_el_Santo%2C_rey_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Fernando_III_el_Santo%2C_rey_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.jpg/440px-Fernando_III_el_Santo%2C_rey_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Painting of St. Ferdinand III by <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a> (17th century)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Honored in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 February 1671 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_X" title="Pope Clement X">Pope Clement X</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">May 30</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cities: <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aranjuez" title="Aranjuez">Aranjuez</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Henares" title="San Fernando de Henares">San Fernando de Henares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maspalomas" title="Maspalomas">Maspalomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pivijay" title="Pivijay">Pivijay</a> <br /> Military: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a>'s Corps of Engineers</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Saint Ferdinand is the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Seville, <a href="/wiki/Aranjuez" title="Aranjuez">Aranjuez</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Henares" title="San Fernando de Henares">San Fernando de Henares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maspalomas" title="Maspalomas">Maspalomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pivijay" title="Pivijay">Pivijay</a>, and of several other localities. He is also the patron of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a>'s Corps of Engineers,<sup id="cite_ref-engineers_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engineers-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and engineers generally.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the establishment in 1819 of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna">Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a>, also called "Diocese of Tenerife" (<a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>), Saint Ferdinand is the co-patron of the diocese and of its <a href="/wiki/La_Laguna_Cathedral" title="La Laguna Cathedral">Cathedral</a> pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> issued by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because La Laguna is a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">suffragan diocese</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Seville">Archdiocese of Seville</a> whose capital city has Saint Ferdinand as one of its co-patrons, together with the <i>Virgen de los Reyes</i>. Saint Ferdinand is also the patron of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_La_Laguna" title="University of La Laguna">University of La Laguna</a>, since this institution was founded under the name of <i>Universidad Literaria de San Fernando</i> (Literary University of Saint Ferdinand).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_marriage">First marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_III_%26_Beatriz_of_Swabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ferdinand_III_%26_Beatriz_of_Swabia.jpg/220px-Ferdinand_III_%26_Beatriz_of_Swabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ferdinand_III_%26_Beatriz_of_Swabia.jpg/330px-Ferdinand_III_%26_Beatriz_of_Swabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ferdinand_III_%26_Beatriz_of_Swabia.jpg/440px-Ferdinand_III_%26_Beatriz_of_Swabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>King Ferdinand and his wife, Beatrice, depicted in the Burgos Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1219, Ferdinand married <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Swabia" title="Elisabeth of Swabia">Elisabeth of Swabia</a> (1203–1235).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBianchini201966_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBianchini201966-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the fourth daughter of <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a>, Duke of Swabia, and <a href="/wiki/Irene_Angelina" title="Irene Angelina">Irene Angelina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinkade20198_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinkade20198-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their children were: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X</a> (1221–1284), his successor<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHouben202380–81_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHouben202380–81-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Castile" title="Frederick of Castile">Frederick</a> (1223–1277)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infante_Ferdinand_of_Castile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infante Ferdinand of Castile (page does not exist)">Ferdinand</a> (1225–1243/1248)</li> <li>Eleanor (born 1227), died young</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berengaria_of_Castile_(1228%E2%80%931289)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berengaria of Castile (1228–1289) (page does not exist)">Berengaria</a> (1228–1288/89), a nun at <a href="/wiki/Las_Huelgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Huelgas">Las Huelgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Castile_the_Senator" title="Henry of Castile the Senator">Henry</a> (1230–1303)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Castile" title="Philip of Castile">Philip</a> (1231–1274). He was promised to the Church, but was so taken by the beauty of <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Norway,_Infanta_of_Castile" title="Christina of Norway, Infanta of Castile">Christina of Norway</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV of Norway">Haakon IV of Norway</a>, who had been intended as a bride for one of his brothers, that he abandoned his holy vows and married her. She died in 1262, childless.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_of_Castile_(archbishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho of Castile (archbishop)">Sancho</a>, Archbishop of Toledo and Seville (1233–1261)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_of_Castile" title="Manuel of Castile">Manuel of Castile</a> (1234–1283)</li> <li>Maria, died an infant in November 1235</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_marriage">Second marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After he was widowed, he married <a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Joan, Countess of Ponthieu">Joan, Countess of Ponthieu</a>, before August 1237.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone1914436_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnstone1914436-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had four sons and one daughter: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Castile_(born_1238)" title="Ferdinand of Castile (born 1238)">Ferdinand</a> (1238–1264/1269), <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Aumale" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Aumale">Count of Aumale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor</a> (c. 1241–1290), married <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowicke1991235_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowicke1991235-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_of_Castile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis of Castile (page does not exist)">Louis</a> (1243–1269)</li> <li>Simon (1244), died young and buried in a monastery in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li>John (1245), died young and buried at the cathedral in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="San Fernando (disambiguation)">San Fernando (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elisabeth changed her name to Beatrice after her sister's death in 1212.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinkade20198_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinkade20198-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBianchini20121-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBianchini20121_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBianchini2012">Bianchini 2012</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsón199839-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsón199839_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnsón1998">Ansón 1998</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmmerson2013215-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmmerson2013215_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmmerson2013">Emmerson 2013</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzquerra2001284-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzquerra2001284_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzquerra2001">Ezquerra 2001</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinehan2008xvii-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinehan2008xvii_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLinehan2008">Linehan 2008</a>, p. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis2010xix-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis2010xix_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShadis2010">Shadis 2010</a>, p. xix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh 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(1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ferdinand III. of Castile"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ferdinand_III._of_Castile">"Ferdinand III. of Castile" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spanish+Ministry+of+Defence&rft.atitle=Ceuta+re%C3%BAne+por+San+Fernando+a+los+Ingenieros+con+m%C3%A1s+solera&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejercito.mde.es%2Fnoticias%2F2011%2F05%2F945.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Cassell Ltd.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenzo_Lima2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lorenzo Lima, J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16839138"><i>Patrimonio e historia de la antigua Catedral de La Laguna</i></a> (in Spanish). Diocesis of San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Government of the Canary Islands, et al. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7947-625-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7947-625-0"><bdi>978-84-7947-625-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patrimonio+e+historia+de+la+antigua+Catedral+de+La+Laguna&rft.pub=Diocesis+of+San+Crist%C3%B3bal+de+la+Laguna%2C+Government+of+the+Canary+Islands%2C+et+al&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-84-7947-625-0&rft.aulast=Lorenzo+Lima&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F16839138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160827141057/http://www.ull.es/view/institucional/ull/Historia/es">"Orígenes de la ULL"</a>. <i>ULL. Universidad de La Laguna</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ull.es/view/institucional/ull/Historia/es">the original</a> on 27 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ULL.+Universidad+de+La+Laguna&rft.atitle=Or%C3%ADgenes+de+la+ULL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ull.es%2Fview%2Finstitucional%2Full%2FHistoria%2Fes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinkade20198-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinkade20198_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinkade20198_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKinkade2019">Kinkade 2019</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBianchini201966-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBianchini201966_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBianchini2019">Bianchini 2019</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHouben202380–81-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHouben202380–81_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHouben2023">Houben 2023</a>, pp. 80–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnstone1914436-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone1914436_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnstone1914">Johnstone 1914</a>, p. 436.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowicke1991235-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowicke1991235_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowicke1991">Powicke 1991</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsón1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ansón, Francisco (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QkNDFghWgBYC&pg=PA39"><i>Fernando III: Rey de Castilla y León</i></a> (in Spanish). Palabra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8239-233-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8239-233-2"><bdi>978-84-8239-233-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fernando+III%3A+Rey+de+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Palabra&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-84-8239-233-2&rft.aulast=Ans%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQkNDFghWgBYC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBianchini2012" class="citation book cs1">Bianchini, Janna (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X_cYijB12GEC&pg=PA1"><i>The Queen's Hand: Power and Authority in the Reign of Berenguela of Castile</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0626-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0626-5"><bdi>978-0-8122-0626-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+Hand%3A+Power+and+Authority+in+the+Reign+of+Berenguela+of+Castile&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0626-5&rft.aulast=Bianchini&rft.aufirst=Janna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX_cYijB12GEC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBianchini2019" class="citation book cs1">Bianchini, Janna (2019). "The 'Infantazgo' in the Reign of Alfonso VIII". In Smith, Damian J.; Lincoln, Kyle C.; Gómez, Miguel (eds.). <i>King Alfonso VIII of Castile: Government, Family, and War</i>. Fordham University Press. pp. 59–79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%27Infantazgo%27+in+the+Reign+of+Alfonso+VIII&rft.btitle=King+Alfonso+VIII+of+Castile%3A+Government%2C+Family%2C+and+War&rft.pages=59-79&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Bianchini&rft.aufirst=Janna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer" class="citation book cs1">Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham. <i>Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>. New York: Harper and Bros.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brewer%27s+Dictionary+of+Phrase+and+Fable&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+and+Bros.&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=Ebenezer+Cobham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2001" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/edwards/index.htm"><i>Christian Córdoba: The City and Its Region in the Late Middle Ages</i></a>. University of Central Arkansas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+C%C3%B3rdoba%3A+The+City+and+Its+Region+in+the+Late+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=University+of+Central+Arkansas&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fedwards%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmerson2013" class="citation book cs1">Emmerson, Richard K., ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LSCPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA215"><i>Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. 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Ediciones AKAL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7090-366-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7090-366-3"><bdi>978-84-7090-366-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+historia+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pub=Ediciones+AKAL&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-84-7090-366-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl4JQIkW1yrsC%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández_de_Castro_Cabeza1988" class="citation book cs1">Fernández de Castro Cabeza, María del Carmen (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobility.org/2012/05/28/saint-ferdinand-death/"><i>The Life of the Very Noble King of Castile and León, Saint Ferdinand III</i></a>. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: <a href="/wiki/The_Foundation_for_a_Christian_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="The Foundation for a Christian Civilization">The Foundation for a Christian Civilization</a>, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1877905094" title="Special:BookSources/978-1877905094"><bdi>978-1877905094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Very+Noble+King+of+Castile+and+Le%C3%B3n%2C+Saint+Ferdinand+III&rft.place=Mount+Kisco%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=The+Foundation+for+a+Christian+Civilization%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-1877905094&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez+de+Castro+Cabeza&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+del+Carmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobility.org%2F2012%2F05%2F28%2Fsaint-ferdinand-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzhenry2009" class="citation web cs1">Fitzhenry, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/saintfernando.html">"Saint Fernando III, A Kingdom for Christ"</a>. 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Oxford University Press: 435–452. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXIX.CXV.435">10.1093/ehr/XXIX.CXV.435</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/551121">551121</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Zenodo" title="Zenodo">Zenodo</a>: <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1793255">1793255</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+County+of+Ponthieu%2C+1279%E2%80%931307&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=115&rft.pages=435-452&rft.date=1914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXIX.CXV.435&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F551121%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Hilda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1793255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinkade2019" class="citation book cs1">Kinkade, Richard P. (2019). <i>Dawn of a Dynasty: The Life and Times of Infante Manuel of Castile</i>. University of Toronto Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dawn+of+a+Dynasty%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Infante+Manuel+of+Castile&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Kinkade&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinehan2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Linehan" title="Peter Linehan">Linehan, Peter</a> (2008). <i>Spain, 1157-1300: A Partible Inheritance</i>. Wiley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spain%2C+1157-1300%3A+A+Partible+Inheritance&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Linehan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenocal2009" class="citation book cs1">Menocal, Maria Rosa (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yRA6AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA47"><i>The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain</i></a>. Boston: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-09279-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-09279-1"><bdi>978-0-316-09279-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ornament+of+the+World%3A+How+Muslims%2C+Jews%2C+and+Christians+Created+a+Culture+of+Tolerance+in+Medieval+Spain&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-316-09279-1&rft.aulast=Menocal&rft.aufirst=Maria+Rosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyRA6AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowicke1991" class="citation book cs1">Powicke, Frederick Maurice (1991). <i>The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307</i>. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39741-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39741-4"><bdi>978-0-521-39741-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Spains&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39741-4&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Bernard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNdJjn1HpSy4C%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShadis1999" class="citation cs2">Shadis, Miriam (1999), "Berenguela of Castile's Political Motherhood", in Parsons, John Carmi; Wheeler, Bonnie (eds.), <i>Medieval Mothering</i>, New York: Taylor & Francis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-3665-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-3665-5"><bdi>978-0-8153-3665-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berenguela+of+Castile%27s+Political+Motherhood&rft.btitle=Medieval+Mothering&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-3665-5&rft.aulast=Shadis&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShadis2010" class="citation book cs1">Shadis, Miriam (2010). <i>Berenguela of Castile (1180–1246) and Political Women in the High Middle Ages</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23473-7"><bdi>978-0-312-23473-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berenguela+of+Castile+%281180%E2%80%931246%29+and+Political+Women+in+the+High+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-312-23473-7&rft.aulast=Shadis&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+III+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info/ferdinand.html">Saint Ferdinand</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info">Christian Iconography</a> web site</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_of_Castile&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III of Castile</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2qIZl80w7oC&pg=PA1">Novena to St. Ferdinand III of Castile</a> by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Jos%C3%A9_de_C%C3%A1diz" title="Diego José de Cádiz">Diego José de Cádiz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522182149/http://saints.sqpn.com/saintf15.htm">Ferdinand at <i>Patron Saints Index</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/saintfernando.html">Saint Fernando III</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobility.org/2012/05/28/saint-ferdinand-death/">The death of Saint Ferdinand III, the very noble King of Castile and Leon</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Ferdinand III of Castile </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Castilian_House_of_Ivrea" title="Castilian House of Ivrea">Castilian House of Ivrea</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Ivrea">House of Ivrea</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 5 August 1201</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 30 May 1252</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Castile">King of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Toledo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Toledo">Toledo</a> </b><br />1217–1252 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="6">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso X">Alfonso X</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso IX">Alfonso IX</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="King of León">King of León</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_monarchs" title="List of Galician monarchs">Galicia</a> </b><br />1230–1252 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_al-Rashid_Abdul-Wahid_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad al-Rashid Abdul-Wahid II (page does not exist)">Abdul-Wahid II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> King of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> </b><br />1237–1252 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Muhammad" title="Abu Bakr Muhammad">Abu Bakr Muhammad</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> King of <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> </b><br />1241–1252 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_Granada" title="Muhammad I of Granada">Muhammad ibn al-Ahmar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> King of <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a> </b><br />1246–1252 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Hasan_al-Sa%27id_%27Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu'l-Hasan al-Sa'id 'Ali (page does not exist)">Ali</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> King of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> </b><br />1248–1252 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Dammartin" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon of Dammartin">Simon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Aumale" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Aumale">Count of Aumale</a> </b><br />1239–1252<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Joan, Countess of Ponthieu">Joan</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Joan, Countess of Ponthieu">Joan</a></div><i><b>as sole ruler </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marie,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Marie, Countess of Ponthieu">Marie</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Ponthieu" title="Count of Ponthieu">Count of Ponthieu</a> </b><br />1251–1252<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Joan, Countess of Ponthieu">Joan</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Monarchs_of_Castile" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Castilian_monarchs" title="List of Castilian monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">House of Jiménez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand I of León">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancho II of Castile and León">Sancho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Urraca of León and Castile">Urraca</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Arms_of_Castille_(1214-15th_Century).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg/75px-Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg/113px-Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg/150px-Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="923" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">House of Burgundy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VII of León and Castile">Alfonso VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Castile" title="Sancho III of Castile">Sancho III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Castile" title="Henry I of Castile">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Castile" title="Henry II of Castile">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Castile" title="John I of Castile">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_Castile" title="Henry III of Castile">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Castile" title="John II of Castile">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna</a> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_León" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leonese_monarchs" title="Template:Leonese monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leonese_monarchs" title="Template talk:Leonese monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leonese_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leonese monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_León" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Leonese_monarchs" title="List of Leonese monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese_dynasty" title="Astur-Leonese dynasty">Astur-Leonese house</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Asturias" title="Alfonso III of Asturias">Alfonso III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="García I of León">García I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ordoño II of León">Ordoño II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruela_II_of_Asturias" title="Fruela II of Asturias">Fruela II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Fr%C3%B3ilaz" title="Alfonso Fróilaz">Alfonso Fróilaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IV of León">Alfonso IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ramiro II of León">Ramiro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_III_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ordoño III of León">Ordoño III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancho I of León">Sancho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_IV_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ordoño IV of León">Ordoño IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancho I of León">Sancho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_III_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ramiro III of León">Ramiro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudo_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Bermudo II of León">Bermudo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso V of León">Alfonso V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudo_III_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Bermudo III of León">Bermudo III</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_Alfonso_IX_of_Leon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shield_of_Alfonso_IX_of_Leon.svg/50px-Shield_of_Alfonso_IX_of_Leon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shield_of_Alfonso_IX_of_Leon.svg/75px-Shield_of_Alfonso_IX_of_Leon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shield_of_Alfonso_IX_of_Leon.svg/100px-Shield_of_Alfonso_IX_of_Leon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">House of Jiménez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand I of León">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancho II of Castile and León">Sancho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Urraca of León and Castile">Urraca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">House of Burgundy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VII of León and Castile">Alfonso VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand II of León">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancha,_heiress_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancha, heiress of León">Sancha</a> & <a href="/wiki/Dulce_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Dulce of León">Dulce</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Castile" title="Henry II of Castile">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Castile" title="John I of Castile">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_Castile" title="Henry III of Castile">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Castile" title="John II of Castile">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna</a> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Galicia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Galician_monarchs" title="Template:Galician monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Galician_monarchs" title="Template talk:Galician monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Galician_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Galician monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Galicia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_monarchs" title="List of Galician monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Suebi" title="Kingdom of the Suebi">Suebian kings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermeric" title="Hermeric">Hermeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechila" title="Rechila">Rechila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechiar" title="Rechiar">Rechiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aioulf" title="Aioulf">Aioulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldras" title="Maldras">Maldras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framta" title="Framta">Framta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richimund" title="Richimund">Richimund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frumar" title="Frumar">Frumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remismund" title="Remismund">Remismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneric" title="Hermeneric">Hermeneric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veremund" title="Veremund">Veremund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemund" title="Theodemund">Theodemund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chararic_(Suebian_king)" title="Chararic (Suebian king)">Chararic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariamir" title="Ariamir">Ariamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemir_(Suebian_king)" title="Theodemir (Suebian king)">Theodemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miro_(Suebian_king)" title="Miro (Suebian king)">Miro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eboric" title="Eboric">Eboric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audeca" title="Audeca">Audeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaric" title="Malaric">Malaric</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29%2C_16th_Century.svg/75px-Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29%2C_16th_Century.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29%2C_16th_Century.svg/113px-Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29%2C_16th_Century.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29%2C_16th_Century.svg/150px-Arms_of_Galicia_%28Spain%29%2C_16th_Century.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="923" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese_dynasty" title="Astur-Leonese dynasty">Astur-Leonese dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordo%C3%B1o_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ordoño II of León">Ordoño II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancho I of León">Sancho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudo_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Bermudo II of León">Bermudo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso V of León">Alfonso V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudo_III_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Bermudo III of León">Bermudo III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">House of Jiménez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_II_of_Galicia" title="García II of Galicia">García II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancho II of Castile and León">Sancho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Urraca of León and Castile">Urraca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">House of Burgundy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VII of León and Castile">Alfonso VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand II of León">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancha,_heiress_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Sancha, heiress of León">Sancha</a> & <a href="/wiki/Dulce_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Dulce of León">Dulce</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Castile,_Lord_of_Valencia_de_Campos" title="John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos">Prince John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_House_of_Burgundy" title="Portuguese House of Burgundy">Portuguese House of Burgundy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Portugal" title="Ferdinand I of Portugal">Ferdinand I of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Castile" title="Henry II of Castile">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Castile" title="John I of Castile">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_Castile" title="Henry III of Castile">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Castile" title="John II of Castile">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna</a> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/20px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/31px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/40px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/21px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/42px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/19px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/29px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/38px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="267" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Middle_Ages" title="Portal:Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243122#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243122#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243122#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000089597747">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000439574845">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000447233178">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315084318">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2938147270735335700006">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/261700815">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fernando III, King of Castile and Leon, 1199?-1252"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/64994/">FAST</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ferdinand III, King of Castile and Léon, approximately 1200-1252"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/487655/">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119146193">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ferdinand III, King of Castile and Léon, approximately 1200-1252"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2002113012">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11956753v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11956753v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fernando III <re di Castiglia e di León>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V471095">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050919002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1149573">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p258325682">Netherlands</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070597790">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000344559">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810700849005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/32667">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280525405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500372577">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119146193.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119146193">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027551180">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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