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features</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: internal features"> <meta name="keywords" content="internal features"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="internal features"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6182</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: internal features</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6182</span> Anatomical Features of Internal Pudendal Artery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Yasky">Adel Yasky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Al-Talalwah"> Waseem Al-Talalwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shorok%20Al%20Dorazi"> Shorok Al Dorazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Soames"> Roger Soames</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The internal pudendal artery is a standard branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. The current study includes 41 cadavers to investigate the origin and branches of the internal pudendal artery and its clinical significances. The internal pudendal artery arose directly from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery in 48.3% while it arose indirectly in 48.5%. However, the internal pudendal artery arose from the posterior division of internal iliac artery in 1.6%. Moreover, it arose internal iliac artery bifurcation site in 1.6%. Further, the internal pudendal artery supplied the urinary bladder in 17.1%. Also, the internal pudendal artery supplied the rectum 33.5% respectively. It gave uterine and vaginal arteries in 9.4% and 7.8% respectively. Finally, it supplied the sciatic nerve via giving lateral sacral branch in 1.6%. Internists, surgeons and radiologists have to be aware of the variability to decrease iatrogenic injury. Therefore, unnecessary proximal ligation should be avoided at the site of indirect origin of the internal pudendal artery to prevent sciatic neuropathy. Further, intrapelvic bleeding as result of laceration of internal pudendal branches during hysterectomy, prostatectomy or proctectomy should be expected. Therefore, this study increases the awareness of surgeons leading to minimize iatrogenic faults, <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20pudendal%20artery" title="internal pudendal artery">internal pudendal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inferior%20gluteal%20artery" title=" inferior gluteal artery"> inferior gluteal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superior%20gluteal%20artery" title=" superior gluteal artery"> superior gluteal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20iliac%20artery" title=" internal iliac artery"> internal iliac artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impotence" title=" impotence"> impotence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decreased%20libido" title=" decreased libido"> decreased libido</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30963/anatomical-features-of-internal-pudendal-artery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6181</span> An Automatic Feature Extraction Technique for 2D Punch Shapes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awais%20Ahmad%20Khan">Awais Ahmad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Abouel%20Nasr"> Emad Abouel Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20A.%20Hussein"> H. M. A. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Al-Ahmari"> Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sheet-metal parts have been widely applied in electronics, communication and mechanical industries in recent decades; but the advancement in sheet-metal part design and manufacturing is still behind in comparison with the increasing importance of sheet-metal parts in modern industry. This paper presents a methodology for automatic extraction of some common 2D internal sheet metal features. The features used in this study are taken from Unipunch ™ catalogue. The extraction process starts with the data extraction from STEP file using an object oriented approach and with the application of suitable algorithms and rules, all features contained in the catalogue are automatically extracted. Since the extracted features include geometry and engineering information, they will be effective for downstream application such as feature rebuilding and process planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title="feature extraction">feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20features" title=" internal features"> internal features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punch%20shapes" title=" punch shapes"> punch shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20metal" title=" sheet metal"> sheet metal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45001/an-automatic-feature-extraction-technique-for-2d-punch-shapes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">616</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6180</span> A New Internal Architecture Based On Feature Selection for Holonic Manufacturing System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihan%20Abdulazeez%20%20Ahmed">Jihan Abdulazeez Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Mohsin%20Abdulazeez%20Brifcani"> Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez Brifcani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper suggests a new internal architecture of holon based on feature selection model using the combination of Bees Algorithm (BA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). BA is used to generate features while ANN is used as a classifier to evaluate the produced features. Proposed system is applied on the Wine data set, the statistical result proves that the proposed system is effective and has the ability to choose informative features with high accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bees%20algorithm" title=" bees algorithm"> bees algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20selection" title=" feature selection"> feature selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holon" title=" Holon"> Holon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33121/a-new-internal-architecture-based-on-feature-selection-for-holonic-manufacturing-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6179</span> Literature Review and Evaluation of the Internal Marketing Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiao%20Hsun%20Yuan">Hsiao Hsun Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Internal marketing was proposed in 1970s. The theory of the concept has continually changed over the past forty years. This study discussed the following themes: the definition and implication of internal marketing, the progress of its development, and the evolution of its theoretical model. Moreover, the study systematically organized the strategies of the internal marketing theory adopted on enterprise and how they were put into practice. It also compared the empirical studies focusing on how the existent theories influenced the important variables of internal marketing. The results of this study are expected to serve as references for future exploration of the boundary and studies aiming at how internal marketing is applied to different types of enterprises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20responsibility" title="corporate responsibility">corporate responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20organizational%20performance" title=" employee organizational performance"> employee organizational performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20marketing" title=" internal marketing"> internal marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20customer" title=" internal customer"> internal customer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52645/literature-review-and-evaluation-of-the-internal-marketing-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6178</span> Using New Machine Algorithms to Classify Iranian Musical Instruments According to Temporal, Spectral and Coefficient Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronak%20Khosravi">Ronak Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Abbasi%20Layegh"> Mahmood Abbasi Layegh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Haghipour"> Siamak Haghipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avin%20Esmaili"> Avin Esmaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a study on classification of musical woodwind instruments using a small set of features selected from a broad range of extracted ones by the sequential forward selection method was carried out. Firstly, we extract 42 features for each record in the music database of 402 sound files belonging to five different groups of Flutes (end blown and internal duct), Single –reed, Double –reed (exposed and capped), Triple reed and Quadruple reed. Then, the sequential forward selection method is adopted to choose the best feature set in order to achieve very high classification accuracy. Two different classification techniques of support vector machines and relevance vector machines have been tested out and an accuracy of up to 96% can be achieved by using 21 time, frequency and coefficient features and relevance vector machine with the Gaussian kernel function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20features" title="coefficient features">coefficient features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relevance%20vector%20machines" title=" relevance vector machines"> relevance vector machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20features" title=" spectral features"> spectral features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machines" title=" support vector machines"> support vector machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20features" title=" temporal features"> temporal features</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54321/using-new-machine-algorithms-to-classify-iranian-musical-instruments-according-to-temporal-spectral-and-coefficient-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6177</span> The Impacts of Internal Employees on Brand Building: A Case Study of Cell Phone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Gohar">Adnan Gohar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work aims the importance of internal employees in the making of a brand (cell phone) through customer satisfaction which basically explains the connection of internal employees with external customers. This research is designed to measure the satisfaction level of internal employees which further connects to the product evolution as a brand leaving a brand image in the eye of the external customer. The main focus is that internal employees are as important as external customers for the uplift of the product resulting in the brand. Internal employees are individual organization employees, vendors, departments, and distributors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20building" title="brand building">brand building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20satisfaction" title=" customer satisfaction"> customer satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20employees" title=" internal employees"> internal employees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20franchise" title=" mobile franchise"> mobile franchise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76889/the-impacts-of-internal-employees-on-brand-building-a-case-study-of-cell-phone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6176</span> Analysis of the Internal Mechanical Conditions in the Lower Limb Due to External Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kent%20Salomonsson">Kent Salomonsson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuefang%20Zhao"> Xuefang Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Kallin"> Sara Kallin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human soft tissue is loaded and deformed by any activity, an effect known as a stress-strain relationship, and is often described by a load and tissue elongation curve. Several advances have been made in the fields of biology and mechanics of soft human tissue. However, there is limited information available on in vivo tissue mechanical characteristics and behavior. Confident mechanical properties of human soft tissue cannot be extrapolated from e.g. animal testing. Thus, there is need for non invasive methods to analyze mechanical characteristics of soft human tissue. In the present study, the internal mechanical conditions of the lower limb, which is subject to an external load, is studied by use of the finite element method. A detailed finite element model of the lower limb is made possible by use of MRI scans. Skin, fat, bones, fascia and muscles are represented separately and the material properties for them are obtained from literature. Previous studies have been shown to address macroscopic deformation features, e.g. indentation depth, to a large extent. However, the detail in which the internal anatomical features have been modeled does not reveal the critical internal strains that may induce hypoxia and/or eventual tissue damage. The results of the present study reveals that lumped material models, i.e. averaging of the material properties for the different constituents, does not capture regions of critical strains in contrast to more detailed models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title="FEM">FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue" title=" tissue"> tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indentation" title=" indentation"> indentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44709/analysis-of-the-internal-mechanical-conditions-in-the-lower-limb-due-to-external-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6175</span> The Effect of Internal Auditing Function on the Quality of Financial Reporting: A Theoretical Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hani%20Albogami">Hani Albogami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The internal audit function is considered as one of the internal corporate governance mechanisms that may have an impact on improving earnings quality by constraining earnings management. The internal audit function is also a unique corporate governance mechanism because internal auditors have more involvement with the day-to-day operations comparing to the audit committee, and also internal auditors audit their companies the whole year compared to the external auditor who audits only a certain time of the year. The relationships between internal audit function and earnings management can be understood by some theories. Therefore, this paper provides a theoretical background of the influence of the quality of internal audit function on earnings management. In particular, the agency theory, institutional theory, singling theory, and resource dependency theory are adapted by this paper to provide some understanding and analyses that can be a basis for future research to contribute to the corporate governance academic studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20audit" title="internal audit">internal audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings%20management" title=" earnings management"> earnings management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting" title=" accounting"> accounting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135376/the-effect-of-internal-auditing-function-on-the-quality-of-financial-reporting-a-theoretical-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6174</span> Detection of Internal Mold Infection of Intact Tomatoes by Non-Destructive, Transmittance VIS-NIR Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Petcharaporn">K. Petcharaporn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The external characteristics of tomatoes, such as freshness, color and size are typically used in quality control processes for tomatoes sorting. However, the internal mold infection of intact tomato cannot be sorted based on a visible assessment and destructive method alone. In this study, a non-destructive technique was used to predict the internal mold infection of intact tomatoes by using transmittance visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy. Spectra for 200 samples contained 100 samples for normal tomatoes and 100 samples for mold infected tomatoes were acquired in the wavelength range between 665-955 nm. This data was used in conjunction with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method to generate a classification model for tomato quality between groups of internal mold infection of intact tomato samples. For this task, the data was split into two groups, 140 samples were used for a training set and 60 samples were used for a test set. The spectra of both normal and internally mold infected tomatoes showed different features in the visible wavelength range. Combined spectral pretreatments of standard normal variate transformation (SNV) and smoothing (Savitzky-Golay) gave the optimal calibration model in training set, 85.0% (63 out of 71 for the normal samples and 56 out of 69 for the internal mold samples). The classification accuracy of the best model on the test set was 91.7% (29 out of 29 for the normal samples and 26 out of 31 for the internal mold tomato samples). The results from this experiment showed that transmittance VIS-NIR spectroscopy can be used as a non-destructive technique to predict the internal mold infection of intact tomatoes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title="tomato">tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mold" title=" mold"> mold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmittance" title=" transmittance"> transmittance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16784/detection-of-internal-mold-infection-of-intact-tomatoes-by-non-destructive-transmittance-vis-nir-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6173</span> Change of Internal Friction on Magnesium Alloy with 5.48% Al Dependence on the Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Uhr%C3%AD%C4%8Dik">Milan Uhríčik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Soviarov%C3%A1"> Andrea Soviarová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuzana%20Dresslerov%C3%A1"> Zuzana Dresslerová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Pal%C4%8Dek"> Peter Palček</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Va%C5%A1ko"> Alan Vaško</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article is focused on the analysis changes dependence on the temperature on the magnesium alloy with 5,48% Al, 0,813% Zn and 0,398% Mn by internal friction. Internal friction is a property of the material is measured on the ultrasonic resonant aparature at a frequency about f = 20470 Hz. The measured temperature range was from 30 °C up to 420 °C. Precisely measurement of the internal friction can be monitored ongoing structural changes and various mechanisms that prevent these changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20friction" title="internal friction">internal friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20alloy" title=" magnesium alloy"> magnesium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20frequency" title=" resonant frequency"> resonant frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20361/change-of-internal-friction-on-magnesium-alloy-with-548-al-dependence-on-the-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">701</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6172</span> Detection of Internal Mold Infection of Intact For Tomatoes by Non-Destructive, Transmittance VIS-NIR Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Petcharaporn">K. Petcharaporn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Prathengjit"> N. Prathengjit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The external characteristics of tomatoes, such as freshness, color and size are typically used in quality control processes for tomatoes sorting. However, the internal mold infection of intact tomato cannot be sorted based on a visible assessment and destructive method alone. In this study, a non-destructive technique was used to predict the internal mold infection of intact tomatoes by using transmittance visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy. Spectra for 200 samples contained 100 samples for normal tomatoes and 100 samples for mold infected tomatoes were acquired in the wavelength range between 665-955 nm. This data was used in conjunction with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method to generate a classification model for tomato quality between groups of internal mold infection of intact tomato samples. For this task, the data was split into two groups, 140 samples were used for a training set and 60 samples were used for a test set. The spectra of both normal and internally mold infected tomatoes showed different features in the visible wavelength range. Combined spectral pretreatments of standard normal variate transformation (SNV) and smoothing (Savitzky-Golay) gave the optimal calibration model in training set, 85.0% (63 out of 71 for the normal samples and 56 out of 69 for the internal mold samples). The classification accuracy of the best model on the test set was 91.7% (29 out of 29 for the normal samples and 26 out of 31 for the internal mold tomato samples). The results from this experiment showed that transmittance VIS-NIR spectroscopy can be used as a non-destructive technique to predict the internal mold infection of intact tomatoes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title="tomato">tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mold" title=" mold"> mold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmittance" title=" transmittance"> transmittance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19657/detection-of-internal-mold-infection-of-intact-for-tomatoes-by-non-destructive-transmittance-vis-nir-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6171</span> Impact of Iron Doping on Induction Heating during Spark Plasma Sintering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Tan">Hua Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Salamon"> David Salamon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, γ-Al2O3 powders doped with various amounts of iron were sintered via SPS process. Two heating modes – auto and manual mode were applied to observe the role of electrical induction on heating. Temperature, electric current, and pulse pattern were experimented with grade iron γ-Al2O3 powders. Phase transformation of γ to α -Al2O3 serves as a direct indicator of internal temperature, independently on measured outside temperature. That pulsing in SPS is also able to induce internal heating due to its strong electromagnetic field when dopants are conductive metals (e.g., iron) is proofed during SPS. Density and microstructure were investigated to explain the mechanism of induction heating. In addition, the role of electric pulsing and strong electromagnetic field on internal heating (induction heating) were compared and discussed. Internal heating by iron doping within electrically nonconductive samples is able to decrease sintering temperature and save energy, furthermore it is one explanation for unique features of this material fabrication technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title="spark plasma sintering">spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20heating" title=" induction heating"> induction heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title=" alumina"> alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54836/impact-of-iron-doping-on-induction-heating-during-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6170</span> Structural Characterization of the 3D Printed Silicon Carbon/Carbon Fibers Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saja%20M.%20Nabat%20Al-Ajrash">Saja M. Nabat Al-Ajrash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Browning"> Charles Browning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Eckerle"> Rose Eckerle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Cao"> Li Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A process that utilizes a combination of additive manufacturing (AM), a preceramic polymer, and a chopped carbon fiber precursorto fabricate Silicon Carbon/ Carbon fibers (SiC/C) composites have been developed. The study has shown a promising, cost-effective, and efficient route to fabricate complex SiC/C composites using additive manufacturing. A key part of this effort was the mapping of the material’s microstructure through the thickness of the composite. Microstructural features in the pyrolyzed composites through the successive AM layers, such as defects, crystal size and their distribution, interatomic spacing, chemical bonds, were investigated using high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy. As a result, the microstructure developed in SiC/C composites after printing, cure, and pyrolysis has been successfully mapped through the thickness of the derived composites. Dense and nearly defect-free parts after polymer to ceramic conversion were observed. The ceramic matrix composite displayed three coexisting phases, including silicon carbide, silicon oxycarbide, and turbostratic carbon. Lattice fringes imaging and X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed well-defined SiC and turbostratic carbon features. The cross-sectional mapping of the printed-then-pyrolyzed structures has confirmed consistent structural and chemical features within the internal layers of the AM parts. Noteworthy, however, is that a crust-like area with high crystallinity has been observed in the first and last external layers. Not only do these crust-like regions have structural characteristics distinct from the internal layers, but they also have elemental distributions different than the internal layers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiC" title="SiC">SiC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preceramic%20polymer" title=" preceramic polymer"> preceramic polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title=" ceramic"> ceramic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156870/structural-characterization-of-the-3d-printed-silicon-carboncarbon-fibers-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6169</span> Internal Audit and the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Operations in Hospitals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naziru%20Suleiman">Naziru Suleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever increasing cases of financial frauds and corporate accounting scandals in recent years have raised more concern on the operation of internal control mechanisms and performance of the internal audit departments in organizations. In most cases the seeming presence of both the internal control system and internal audit in organizations do not prove useful as frauds errors and irregularities are being perpetuated. The aim of this study, therefore, is to assess the role of internal audit in achieving the objectives of internal control system of federal hospitals in Kano State from the perception of the respondents. The study used survey research design and generated data from primary source by means of questionnaire. A total number of 100 copies of questionnaire were administered out of which 68 were duly completed and returned. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the internal validity of the various items in the constructs. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA were employed for the analysis of data. The study finds that from the perception of the respondents, internal audit departments in Federal Hospitals in Kano State are effective and that they contribute positively to the overall attainment of the objectives of internal control system of these hospitals. There is no significant difference found on the views of the respondents from the three hospitals. Hence, the study concludes that strong and functional internal audit department is a basic requirement for effectiveness of operations of the internal control system. In the light of the findings, it is recommended that internal audit should continue to ensure that the objectives of internal control system of these hospitals are achieved through proper and adequate evaluation and review of the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20audit" title="internal audit">internal audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20control" title=" internal control"> internal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federal%20hospitals" title=" federal hospitals"> federal hospitals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20frauds" title=" financial frauds"> financial frauds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7110/internal-audit-and-the-effectiveness-and-efficiency-of-operations-in-hospitals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6168</span> An Investigation on the Internal Quality Assurance System of Higher Education in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andi%20Mursidi">Andi Mursidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate why the internal quality assurance system as the basis for the assessment of external quality assurance systems is not well developed at universities in Indonesia. To answer this problem, technical analysis used single instrumental case study with the respondents from ten universities. The findings of this study are the internal quality assurance system that is applied so far (1) only to gain accreditation; and (2) considered as a liability rather than as a necessity to meet the demands of quality standards. It needs strong commitment from internal stakeholders at the college/university to establish internal quality assurance systems that exceed the national standards of higher education. A high quality college/ university will have a good accreditation rank. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20stakeholders" title="internal stakeholders">internal stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20quality%20assurance%20system" title=" internal quality assurance system"> internal quality assurance system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commitment" title=" commitment"> commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60318/an-investigation-on-the-internal-quality-assurance-system-of-higher-education-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6167</span> Design of Lead-Lag Based Internal Model Controller for Binary Distillation Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Kumar%20Mishra">Rakesh Kumar Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarun%20Kumar%20Dan"> Tarun Kumar Dan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lead-Lag based Internal Model Control method is proposed based on Internal Model Control (IMC) strategy. In this paper, we have designed the Lead-Lag based Internal Model Control for binary distillation column for SISO process (considering only bottom product). The transfer function has been taken from Wood and Berry model. We have find the composition control and disturbance rejection using Lead-Lag based IMC and comparing with the response of simple Internal Model Controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SISO" title="SISO">SISO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead-lag" title=" lead-lag"> lead-lag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20model%20control" title=" internal model control"> internal model control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20and%20berry" title=" wood and berry"> wood and berry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation%20column" title=" distillation column "> distillation column </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20701/design-of-lead-lag-based-internal-model-controller-for-binary-distillation-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">646</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6166</span> The Impact of Audit Committee Industry Expertise on Internal Audit Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20Alzeban">Abdulaziz Alzeban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines whether internal audit function is indeed greater when audit committee members have industry expertise combined with auditing expertise. Data from a survey of 64 chief internal auditors from companies registered on the Saudi Stock Exchange TADAWL, provides results that suggest that when audit committee members possess both industry expertise and auditing expertise, the committee’s role in improving the quality of internal audit is enhanced. This outcome is concluded as one that can be generalized beyond the Saudi Arabian context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20audit" title="internal audit">internal audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20committee" title=" audit committee"> audit committee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20expertise" title=" industry expertise"> industry expertise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=function" title=" function "> function </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29400/the-impact-of-audit-committee-industry-expertise-on-internal-audit-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6165</span> Internal Leakage Analysis from Pd to Pc Port Direction in ECV Body Used in External Variable Type A/C Compressor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Iqbal%20Mahmud">M. Iqbal Mahmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haeng%20Muk%20Cho"> Haeng Muk Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seo%20Hyun%20Sang"> Seo Hyun Sang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Wen%20Hai"> Wang Wen Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Heon%20Yi"> Chang Heon Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Ik%20Hwang"> Man Ik Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae%20Hoon%20Kang"> Dae Hoon Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve (ECV) playing an important role for car’s air conditioning control system. ECV is used in external variable displacement swash plate type compressor and controls the entire air conditioning system by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) input signal supplying from an external source (controller). Complete form of ECV contains number of internal features like valve body, core, valve guide, plunger, guide pin, plunger spring, bellows etc. While designing the ECV; dimensions of different internal items must meet the standard requirements as it is quite challenging. In this research paper, especially the dimensioning of ECV body and its three pressure ports through which the air/refrigerant passes are considered. Here internal leakage test analysis of ECV body is being carried out from its discharge port (Pd) to crankcase port (Pc) when the guide valve is placed inside it. The experiments have made both in ordinary and digital system using different assumptions and thereafter compare the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20control%20valve%20%28ECV%29" title="electromagnetic control valve (ECV)">electromagnetic control valve (ECV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage" title=" leakage"> leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20port" title=" pressure port"> pressure port</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valve%20body" title=" valve body"> valve body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valve%20guide" title=" valve guide"> valve guide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24562/internal-leakage-analysis-from-pd-to-pc-port-direction-in-ecv-body-used-in-external-variable-type-ac-compressor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6164</span> Impact of Internal Control on Fraud Detection and Prevention: A Survey of Selected Organisations in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amos%20Olusola%20Akinola">Amos Olusola Akinola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to evaluate the internal control system on fraud prevention in Nigerian business organizations. A survey research was undertaken in five organizations from the banking and manufacturing sectors in Nigeria using the simple random sampling technique and primary data was obtained with the aid structured questionnaire drawn on five likert’s scale. Four Hypotheses were formulated and tested using the T-test Statistics, Correlation and Regression Analysis at 95% confidence interval. It was discovered that internal control has a significant positive relationship with fraud prevention and that a weak internal control system permits fraudulent activities among staff. Based on the findings, it was recommended that organizations should continually and methodically review and evaluate the components of its internal control system whether activities are working as planned or not and that every organization should have pre-determined guidelines for conducting its operations and ensures compliance with these set guidelines while proactive steps should be taken to establish the independence of the internal audit by making the audit reportable to the governing council of an organization and not the chief executive officer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20control" title="internal control">internal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20system" title=" internal system"> internal system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20audit" title=" internal audit"> internal audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud%20prevention" title=" fraud prevention"> fraud prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud%20detection" title=" fraud detection"> fraud detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40751/impact-of-internal-control-on-fraud-detection-and-prevention-a-survey-of-selected-organisations-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6163</span> CyberSecurity Malaysia: Towards Becoming a National Certification Body for Information Security Management Systems Internal Auditors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Razana">M. S. Razana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20W.%20Shafiuddin"> Z. W. Shafiuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Internal auditing is one of the most important activities for organizations that implement information security management systems (ISMS). The purpose of internal audits is to ensure the ISMS implementation is in accordance to the ISO/IEC 27001 standard and the organization’s own requirements for its ISMS. Competent internal auditors are the main element that contributes to the effectiveness of internal auditing activities. To realize this need, CyberSecurity Malaysia is now in the process of becoming a certification body that certifies ISMS internal auditors. The certification scheme will assess the competence of internal auditors in generic knowledge and skills in management systems, and also in ISMS-specific knowledge and skills. The certification assessment is based on the ISO/IEC 19011 Guidelines for auditing management systems, ISO/IEC 27007 Guidelines for information security management systems auditing and ISO/IEC 27001 Information security management systems requirements. The certification scheme complies with the ISO/IEC 17024 General requirements for bodies operating certification systems of persons. Candidates who pass the exam will be certified as an ISMS Internal Auditor, whose competency will be evaluated every three years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISMS%20internal%20audit" title="ISMS internal audit">ISMS internal audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISMS%20internal%20auditor" title=" ISMS internal auditor"> ISMS internal auditor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2FIEC%2017024" title=" ISO/IEC 17024"> ISO/IEC 17024</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competence" title=" competence"> competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49714/cybersecurity-malaysia-towards-becoming-a-national-certification-body-for-information-security-management-systems-internal-auditors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6162</span> Internal and External Validity in Experimental Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Chytilova">Helena Chytilova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Maialeh"> Robin Maialeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental economics is subject to criticism with regards to frequently discussed trade-off between internal and external validity requirements, which seems to be critically flawed. Incompatibility of trade-off condition and condition of internal validity as a prerequisite for external validity is presented. In addition, the imprecise concept of artificiality found to be rather improving external validity, seems to strengthen illusory status of external versus internal validity tension. Internal validity will be further analysed with regards to Duhem-Quine problem, where unpredictability argument is significantly weakened trough application of inductivism within the illustrative hypothetical-deductive model. Discussion outlined above partially weakens critical arguments related to robustness of results in experimental economics, if perfectly controlled experimental environment is secured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duhem-Quine%20problem" title="Duhem-Quine problem">Duhem-Quine problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20validity" title=" external validity"> external validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductivism" title=" inductivism"> inductivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20validity" title=" internal validity"> internal validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31128/internal-and-external-validity-in-experimental-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6161</span> Internal Migration and Poverty Dynamic Analysis Using a Bayesian Approach: The Tunisian Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Jmaii">Amal Jmaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damien%20Rousseliere"> Damien Rousseliere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Besma%20Belhadj"> Besma Belhadj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We explore the relationship between internal migration and poverty in Tunisia. We present a methodology combining potential outcomes approach with multiple imputation to highlight the effect of internal migration on poverty states. We find that probability of being poor decreases when leaving the poorest regions (the west areas) to the richer regions (greater Tunis and the east regions). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20migration" title="internal migration">internal migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20outcomes%20approach" title=" potential outcomes approach"> potential outcomes approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty%20dynamics" title=" poverty dynamics"> poverty dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51041/internal-migration-and-poverty-dynamic-analysis-using-a-bayesian-approach-the-tunisian-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6160</span> A Study of Management Principles Incorporating Corporate Governance and Advocating Ethics to Reduce Fraud at a South African Bank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Jelal">Roshan Jelal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Mbohwa"> Charles Mbohwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s world, internal fraud remains one of the most challenging problems within companies worldwide and despite investment in controls and attention given to the problem, the instances of internal fraud has not abated. To the contrary it appears that internal fraud is on the rise especially in the wake of the economic downturn. Leadership within companies believes that the more sophisticated the controls employed the less likely it would be for employees to pilfer. This is a very antiquated view as investment in controls may not be enough to curtail internal fraud; however, ensuring that a company drives the correct culture and behaviour within the organisation is likely to yield desired results. This research aims to understand how creating a strong ethical culture and embedding the principle of good corporate governance impacts on levels of internal fraud with an organization (a South African Bank). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20fraud" title="internal fraud">internal fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reserve%20bank" title=" reserve bank"> reserve bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20King%20Code" title=" the King Code "> the King Code </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4044/a-study-of-management-principles-incorporating-corporate-governance-and-advocating-ethics-to-reduce-fraud-at-a-south-african-bank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6159</span> Relevant LMA Features for Human Motion Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Insaf%20Ajili">Insaf Ajili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Mallem"> Malik Mallem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Yves%20Didier"> Jean-Yves Didier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Motion recognition from videos is actually a very complex task due to the high variability of motions. This paper describes the challenges of human motion recognition, especially motion representation step with relevant features. Our descriptor vector is inspired from Laban Movement Analysis method. We propose discriminative features using the Random Forest algorithm in order to remove redundant features and make learning algorithms operate faster and more effectively. We validate our method on MSRC-12 and UTKinect datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discriminative%20LMA%20features" title="discriminative LMA features">discriminative LMA features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features%20reduction" title=" features reduction"> features reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20motion%20recognition" title=" human motion recognition"> human motion recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96299/relevant-lma-features-for-human-motion-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6158</span> Political Economy of Internal Dispalcement, Migration and Human Security in Zimbabwe: 1800 to Present Day</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chupicai%20Manuel">Chupicai Manuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this article is to examine the political economy and history of internal displacement, migration and human security in Zimbabwe from 1800 to present day. The article gives a timeline of major internal displacement, migration trends that took place in Zimbabwe before colonialism, through the colonial period up to the present day and examines the human security context of such periods. In view of the above, a political economy analysis will be employed to examine the different factors that promoted internal displacement and human movements from 1800 to the present day and explore the architecture of human security in Zimbabwe. The ultimate goal of this literature review is to provide a longitudinal analysis of internal displacement, migration and human security regimes that existed in Zimbabwe with the view of promoting social cohesion and nation building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title="human security">human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20displacement" title=" internal displacement"> internal displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20economy" title=" political economy"> political economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42348/political-economy-of-internal-dispalcement-migration-and-human-security-in-zimbabwe-1800-to-present-day" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6157</span> Research on Executive Compensation Incentives and Internal Control: Evidence from China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yinjie%20Han">Yinjie Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the impact of executive compensation incentives on internal control effectiveness and further analyzes the moderating role of digital transformation in this relationship. Through empirical analysis of relevant data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2022, the results of the study show that there is a significant positive relationship between executive compensation incentives and internal control quality. Digital transformation plays an important moderating role in this relationship. Specifically, executive compensation incentives directly enhance the effectiveness of internal control by increasing executives' motivation and responsibility. At the same time, digital transformation further strengthens the positive impact of executive compensation incentives on the quality of internal controls by increasing information transparency and management efficiency. In addition, the study finds that the impact of executive compensation incentives on internal control quality is more significant in firms with higher levels of digital transformation. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for enterprises to design and implement effective executive compensation incentives, promote digital transformation, and improve internal control quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20compensation%20incentives" title="executive compensation incentives">executive compensation incentives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20control" title=" internal control"> internal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20transformation" title=" digital transformation"> digital transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191941/research-on-executive-compensation-incentives-and-internal-control-evidence-from-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6156</span> Research on Measuring Operational Risk in Commercial Banks Based on Internal Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baobao%20Li">Baobao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operational risk covers all operations of commercial banks and has a close relationship with the bank’s internal control. But in the commercial banks' management practice, internal control is always separated from the operational risk measurement. With the increasing of operational risk events in recent years, operational risk is paid more and more attention by regulators and banks’ managements. The paper first discussed the relationship between internal control and operational risk management and used CVaR-POT model to measure operational risk, and then put forward a modified measurement method (to use operational risk assessment results to modify the measurement results of the CVaR-POT model). The paper also analyzed the necessity and rationality of this method. The method takes into consideration the influence of internal control, improves the accuracy and effectiveness of operational risk measurement and save the economic capital for commercial banks, avoiding the drawbacks of using some mainstream models one-sidedly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20banks" title="commercial banks">commercial banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20control" title=" internal control"> internal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20risk" title=" operational risk"> operational risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20measurement" title=" risk measurement"> risk measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10143/research-on-measuring-operational-risk-in-commercial-banks-based-on-internal-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6155</span> Mixed-ownership Reform and Quality of Internal Control of State-owned Enterprises: Logic and Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mao%20Ju">Mao Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a capital organizing form, the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is an important way to stimulate enterprises’ vitality through reshaping the shareholding structure, enhancing mutual complementation of shareholders’ resources, and improving corporate governance and the quality of internal control. Based on the process of mixed-ownership reform and according to IPO and the change in the key shareholding structure of the listed companies, this paper divides the reform into two stages: primary mixed-ownership reform and secondary mixed-ownership reform (deeper mixed-ownership reform), and uses this as the basis to construct the proxy variable of the mixed-ownership reform of SOEs, research on the relationship between the mixed-ownership reform of SOEs and the quality of internal control. The research reveals that: (1) SOEs completing a secondary mixed-ownership reform can enhance the quality of internal control; (2) In the secondary mixed-ownership reform, the introduction of heterogeneous major shareholders will generate more obvious enhancement in the quality of internal control than the introduction of homogeneous major shareholders. Further research shows that the internal environment and marketization process play a moderating role in the process of the secondary mixed-ownership reform affecting the quality of internal control, that is, a better internal environment or a higher degree of marketization can promote the improvement of the quality of internal control in secondary mixed-ownership reform. The conclusion of the research provides experimental evidence for the expected results of the mixed-ownership reform policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-ownership%20reform%20of%20state-owned%20enterprises" title="mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises">mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20mixed-ownership%20reform" title=" secondary mixed-ownership reform"> secondary mixed-ownership reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20internal%20control" title=" quality of internal control"> quality of internal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20mixed-ownership%20reform" title=" primary mixed-ownership reform"> primary mixed-ownership reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192530/mixed-ownership-reform-and-quality-of-internal-control-of-state-owned-enterprises-logic-and-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6154</span> Indicators to Assess the Quality of Health Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muyatdinova%20Aigul">Muyatdinova Aigul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aitkaliyeva%20Madina"> Aitkaliyeva Madina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article deals with the evaluation of the quality of medical services on the basis of quality indicators. For this purpose allocated initially the features of the medical services market. The Features of the market directly affect on the evaluation process that takes a multi-level and multi-stakeholder nature. Unlike ordinary goods market assessment of medical services does not only market. Such an assessment is complemented by continuous internal and external evaluation, including experts and accrediting bodies. In the article highlighted the composition of indicators for a comprehensive evaluation <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care%20market" title="health care market">health care market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20health%20services" title=" quality of health services"> quality of health services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators%20of%20care%20quality" title=" indicators of care quality"> indicators of care quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23257/indicators-to-assess-the-quality-of-health-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6153</span> Design Criteria for an Internal Information Technology Cost Allocation to Support Business Information Technology Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Schnabl">Andrea Schnabl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Bernhart"> Mario Bernhart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The controlling instrument of an internal cost allocation (IT chargeback) is commonly used to make IT costs transparent and controllable. Information Technology (IT) became, especially for information industries, a central competitive factor. Consequently, the focus is not on minimizing IT costs but on the strategic aligned application of IT. Hence, an internal IT cost allocation should be designed to enhance the business-IT alignment (strategic alignment of IT) in order to support the effective application of IT from a company’s point of view. To identify design criteria for an internal cost allocation to support business alignment a case study analysis at a typical medium-sized firm in information industry is performed. Documents, Key Performance Indicators, and cost accounting data over a period of 10 years are analyzed and interviews are performed. The derived design criteria are evaluated by 6 heads of IT departments from 6 different companies, which have an internal IT cost allocation at use. By applying these design criteria an internal cost allocation serves not only for cost controlling but also as an instrument in strategic IT management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20for%20IT%20services" title="accounting for IT services">accounting for IT services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Business%20IT%20Alignment" title=" Business IT Alignment"> Business IT Alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20cost%20allocation" title=" internal cost allocation"> internal cost allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20controlling" title=" IT controlling"> IT controlling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20governance" title=" IT governance"> IT governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20IT%20management" title=" strategic IT management"> strategic IT management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93449/design-criteria-for-an-internal-information-technology-cost-allocation-to-support-business-information-technology-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20features&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20features&page=3">3</a></li> <li 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