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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indonesian politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Iwa Koesoemasoemantri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Iwa_Kusumasumantri,_Kami_Perkenalkan_(1954),_p21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Iwa_Kusumasumantri%2C_Kami_Perkenalkan_%281954%29%2C_p21.jpg/220px-Iwa_Kusumasumantri%2C_Kami_Perkenalkan_%281954%29%2C_p21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Iwa_Kusumasumantri%2C_Kami_Perkenalkan_%281954%29%2C_p21.jpg/330px-Iwa_Kusumasumantri%2C_Kami_Perkenalkan_%281954%29%2C_p21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Iwa_Kusumasumantri%2C_Kami_Perkenalkan_%281954%29%2C_p21.jpg/440px-Iwa_Kusumasumantri%2C_Kami_Perkenalkan_%281954%29%2C_p21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1446" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">8th <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Defense_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Defense (Indonesia)">Minister of Defense</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 July 1953 – 12 August 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali Sastroamidjojo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilopo" title="Wilopo">Wilopo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Harahap" title="Burhanuddin Harahap">Burhanuddin Harahap</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Social_Affairs_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Social Affairs (Indonesia)">Minister of Social Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 August 1945 – 14 November 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A.D._Tjokronegoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A.D. Tjokronegoro (page does not exist)">A.D. Tjokronegoro</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1899-05-31</span>)</span>31 May 1899<br /><a href="/wiki/Ciamis" title="Ciamis">Ciamis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1971<span style="display:none">(1971-11-27)</span> (aged 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names#Naming_forms" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian name</a>, there is no <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a><i> </i> nor a <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>.</div> <p><b>Iwa Koesoemasoemantri</b> (<a href="/wiki/EYD" class="mw-redirect" title="EYD">Perfected Spelling</a>: <b>Iwa Kusumasumantri</b>; also <b>Kusuma Sumantri</b>; 31 May 1899 – 27 November 1971) was an Indonesian politician. Born in <a href="/wiki/Ciamis" title="Ciamis">Ciamis</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>, Iwa graduated from legal school in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (now Indonesia) and Netherlands before spending time at a school in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. After returning to Indonesia he established himself as a lawyer, nationalist, and, later, a figure for <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' rights">workers' rights</a>. During the first twenty years of Indonesia's independence Iwa held several cabinet positions. After retiring he continued to write. In 2002 Iwa was declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National Hero of Indonesia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iwa was born in <a href="/wiki/Ciamis" title="Ciamis">Ciamis</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>, on 31 May 1899. After completing his primary education in schools run by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonial government</a>, he left for <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, where he attended the School for Native Government Employees (Opleidingsschool Voor Inlandse Ambtenaren, or OSVIA). Unwilling to adapt the Western culture demanded at the school, he dropped out and moved to <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>) to attend the law school;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in the colonial capital he also became involved with <a href="/wiki/Jong_Java" title="Jong Java">Jong Java</a>, an organisation for Javanese youth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iwa graduated in 1921 and continued his studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. In the country he joined the Indonesian Association (<a href="/wiki/Perhimpoenan_Indonesia" title="Perhimpoenan Indonesia">Perhimpoenan Indonesia</a>), a nationalist group of Indonesian intellectuals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He emphasised that Indonesians should work together, regardless of race, creed, or class, to ensure independence from the Dutch; he preached non-cooperation with colonial forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925 he moved to the Soviet Union to spend a year and a half studying at the <a href="/wiki/Communist_University_of_the_Toilers_of_the_East" title="Communist University of the Toilers of the East">Communist University of the Toilers of the East</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. In the Soviet Union he was briefly married to a Ukrainian woman named Anna Ivanova; the two had a daughter, Sumira Dingli, together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite2005111_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite2005111-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon returning to the Indies in 1927, Iwa joined the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Party" title="Indonesian National Party">Indonesian National Party</a> and worked as a lawyer. He later moved to <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a>, in <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">northern Sumatra</a>, where he established the newspaper <i>Matahari Terbit</i>; the newspaper advocated workers rights and criticised the area's large Dutch-owned plantations. For these writings, and following an attempt to organise a <a href="/wiki/Labour_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour union">labour union</a>, in 1929 Iwa was arrested by Dutch colonial authorities and spent a year in jail<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being exiled to <a href="/wiki/Banda_Neira" title="Banda Neira">Banda Neira</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Banda_Islands" title="Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a>, for a period of ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdam200923_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdam200923-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in Banda Iwa became a devout Muslim, although he continued to believe in the value of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>. He also met several leading nationalist figures also there in exiled, including <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Hatta">Muhammad Hatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tjipto_Mangunkusumo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjipto Mangunkusumo">Tjipto Mangunkusumo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1952150_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1952150-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iwa later returned to Batavia and, during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a> (1942–45) operated a law firm there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also gave several lectures on the nationalist causes, under the watchful eye of the Japanese occupational forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1952116_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1952116-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-independence">Post-independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Post-independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Japan's defeat in the Pacific became increasingly evident, Indonesian nationalist leaders began preparing for independence. Iwa suggested the use of the term <i>proclamation</i>, which was eventually used,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdam200922_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdam200922-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and helped draft the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Constitution of Indonesia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJunaidi_2002,_Indonesia's_constitutional_history_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJunaidi_2002,_Indonesia's_constitutional_history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indonesia <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">proclaimed its independence</a> on 17 August 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early months of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">revolution</a> which followed the proclamation, Iwa worked closely with the new, <a href="/wiki/Native_Indonesians" title="Native Indonesians">native</a>, government. On 31 August he was selected as Minister of Social Affairs in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Cabinet_(Indonesia)" title="Presidential Cabinet (Indonesia)">first cabinet</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>. He held the post until November 1945. He then joined the Struggle Union (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Persatuan Perjuangan</i></span>), led by <a href="/wiki/Tan_Malaka" title="Tan Malaka">Tan Malaka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was accused of involvement with the <a href="/wiki/3_July_Affair" title="3 July Affair">3 July Affair</a> in 1946, which led to the Indonesian government imprisoning him; other prisoners included <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yamin">Muhammad Yamin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a>, and Tan Malaka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch recognised Indonesia's independence in 1949, and in the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> Iwa served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Representative Council">People's Representative Council</a> until 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953 Iwa was selected as Defence Minister for the <a href="/wiki/First_Ali_Sastroamidjojo_Cabinet" title="First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet">First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet</a>, under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali Sastroamidjojo</a>; his term lasted until 1955. In 1957 Iwa became rector of <a href="/wiki/Padjadjaran_University" title="Padjadjaran University">Padjadjaran University</a> in Bandung. His final political term, from 1963 to 1964, was as a government minister for the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Working_Cabinet" title="Fourth Working Cabinet">Fourth Working Cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his retirement from politics Iwa wrote extensively, often about history. Works published in this period include <i>Revolusi Hukum di Indonesia</i> (<i>Legal Revolution in Indonesia</i>), <i>Sejarah Revolusi Indonesia</i> (<i>History of the Indonesian Revolution</i>; in three volumes) and <i>Pokok-Pokok Ilmu Politik</i> (<i>Tenets of Politics</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 27 November 1971 in Jakarta and was buried at <a href="/wiki/Karet_Bivak_Cemetery" title="Karet Bivak Cemetery">Karet Bivak Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 November 2002 Iwa was declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National Hero of Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Indonesian historian Asvi Warman Adam, this was a prolapsed process owing to Iwa's affiliations with Tan Malaka and other communist interests, efforts not supported by the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> government under President <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdam200922_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdam200922-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMirnawati2012276–77_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMirnawati2012">Mirnawati 2012</a>, pp. 276–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007368_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSudarmanto2007">Sudarmanto 2007</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite2005111-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite2005111_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite2005">White 2005</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdam200923-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdam200923_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdam2009">Adam 2009</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1952150-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1952150_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1952116-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1952116_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1952">Kahin 1952</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdam200922-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdam200922_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdam200922_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdam2009">Adam 2009</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJunaidi_2002,_Indonesia's_constitutional_history-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJunaidi_2002,_Indonesia's_constitutional_history_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJunaidi_2002,_Indonesia's_constitutional_history">Junaidi 2002, Indonesia's constitutional history</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto2007369_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSudarmanto2007">Sudarmanto 2007</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdam2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adam, Asvi Warman (2009). <i>Membongkar Manipulasi Sejarah</i> [<i>Uncovering the Manipulation of History</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kompas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-709-404-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-709-404-1"><bdi>978-979-709-404-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Membongkar+Manipulasi+Sejarah&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Kompas&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-979-709-404-1&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=Asvi+Warman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJunaidi_2002,_Indonesia's_constitutional_history" class="citation news cs1">Junaidi, Ahmad (1 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140414092648/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2002/08/01/indonesia039s-constitutional-history-minefield-confusion.html">"Indonesia's constitutional history minefield of confusion"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2002/08/01/indonesia039s-constitutional-history-minefield-confusion.html">the original</a> on 14 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indonesia%27s+constitutional+history+minefield+of+confusion&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.aulast=Junaidi&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2002%2F08%2F01%2Findonesia039s-constitutional-history-minefield-confusion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahin1952" class="citation book cs1">Kahin, George McTurnan (1952). <i>Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia</i>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9108-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9108-5"><bdi>978-0-8014-9108-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalism+and+Revolution+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9108-5&rft.aulast=Kahin&rft.aufirst=George+McTurnan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirnawati2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mirnawati (2012). <i>Kumpulan Pahlawan Indonesia Terlengkap</i> [<i>Most Complete Collection of Indonesian Heroes</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: CIF. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-788-343-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-788-343-0"><bdi>978-979-788-343-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kumpulan+Pahlawan+Indonesia+Terlengkap&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=CIF&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-979-788-343-0&rft.au=Mirnawati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudarmanto2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sudarmanto, J. B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OUkTzkfb-XsC"><i>Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia</i></a> [<i>Footsteps of the Heroes: Uniting the Indonesian People</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Grasindo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-759-716-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-759-716-0"><bdi>978-979-759-716-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jejak-Jejak+Pahlawan%3A+Perekat+Kesatuan+Bangsa+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Grasindo&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-979-759-716-0&rft.aulast=Sudarmanto&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOUkTzkfb-XsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2005" class="citation book cs1">White, Ben (2005). "Between Apologia and Critical Discourse: Agrarian Transitions and Scholarly Engagement in Indonesia". In Hadiz, Vedi R.; Dhakidae, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WM3_ulRJFlkC"><i>Social Science and Power in Indonesia</i></a>. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 107–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789793780016" title="Special:BookSources/9789793780016"><bdi>9789793780016</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Between+Apologia+and+Critical+Discourse%3A+Agrarian+Transitions+and+Scholarly+Engagement+in+Indonesia&rft.btitle=Social+Science+and+Power+in+Indonesia&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=107-42&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789793780016&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWM3_ulRJFlkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIwa_Kusumasumantri2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iwa Kusumasumantri (2008). <i>Sang Pejuang dalam Gejolak Sejarah: Otobiografi Prof. Mr. R.H. Iwa Kusuma Sumantri</i> [<i>The Fighter Amidst History's Fluctuations: Autobiography of Prof. Mr. R.H. Iwa Kusuma Sumantri</i>] (in Indonesian). Bandung: Padjadjaran University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sang+Pejuang+dalam+Gejolak+Sejarah%3A+Otobiografi+Prof.+Mr.+R.H.+Iwa+Kusuma+Sumantri&rft.place=Bandung&rft.pub=Padjadjaran+University&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Iwa+Kusumasumantri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMardanas_Safwan1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mardanas Safwan (1983). <i>Prof. Mr. Iwa Kusuma Sumantri, S.H.: Hasil Karya dan Pengabdiannya</i> [<i>Prof. Mr. Iwa Kusuma Sumantri, S.H.: His Works and Service</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prof.+Mr.+Iwa+Kusuma+Sumantri%2C+S.H.%3A+Hasil+Karya+dan+Pengabdiannya&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Department+of+Education+and+Culture&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Mardanas+Safwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwa+Koesoemasoemantri" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_defense_(Indonesia)" title="List of ministers of defense (Indonesia)">Defense Ministers of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/113px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supriyadi" title="Supriyadi">Supriyadi</a></li> <li><i>Suliyoadikusumo</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin" title="Amir Sjarifuddin">Amir Sjarifuddin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_(Indonesia)" title="Abdul Halim (Indonesia)">Abdul Halim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Mas_Sewaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raden Mas Sewaka (page does not exist)">Raden Mas Sewaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilopo" title="Wilopo">Wilopo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iwa Koesoemasoemantri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zainul_Arifin" title="Zainul Arifin">Zainul Arifin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Harahap" title="Burhanuddin Harahap">Burhanuddin Harahap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali Sastroamidjojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuanda_Kartawidjaja" title="Djuanda Kartawidjaja">Djuanda Kartawidjaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution">Abdul Haris Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mas_Sarbini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mas Sarbini (page does not exist)">Mas Sarbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraden_Panggabean" title="Maraden Panggabean">Maraden Panggabean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Jusuf" title="Mohammad Jusuf">Mohammad Jusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poniman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poniman (page does not exist)">Poniman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Moerdani" title="L. B. Moerdani">Benny Moerdani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edi_Sudradjat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edi Sudradjat (page does not exist)">Edi Sudradjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiranto" title="Wiranto">Wiranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juwono_Sudarsono" title="Juwono Sudarsono">Juwono Sudarsono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahfud_MD" title="Mahfud MD">Mahfud MD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_Gumelar" title="Agum Gumelar">Agum Gumelar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matori_Abdul_Djalil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matori Abdul Djalil (page does not exist)">Matori Abdul Djalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juwono_Sudarsono" title="Juwono Sudarsono">Juwono Sudarsono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purnomo_Yusgiantoro" title="Purnomo Yusgiantoro">Purnomo Yusgiantoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryamizard_Ryacudu" title="Ryamizard Ryacudu">Ryamizard Ryacudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjafrie_Sjamsoeddin" title="Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin">Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png/75px-Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png/113px-Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png/150px-Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="4"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Defense_ministers_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Defense ministers of Indonesia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_defense_(Indonesia)" title="List of ministers of defense (Indonesia)">List</a></li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicate interim Ministers of Defense.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National Heroes of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdoel_Kahar_Moezakir" title="Abdoel Kahar Moezakir">Abdoel Kahar Moezakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Majalengka" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Halim Majalengka">Abdul Halim Majalengka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Baswedan" title="Abdurrahman Baswedan">Abdurrahman Baswedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Kapau_Gani" title="Adnan Kapau Gani">Adnan Kapau Gani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andries_Maramis" title="Alexander Andries Maramis">Alexander Andries Maramis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Djemma" title="Andi Djemma">Andi Djemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Sultan_Daeng_Radja" title="Andi Sultan Daeng Radja">Andi Sultan Daeng Radja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arie_Frederik_Lasut" title="Arie Frederik Lasut">Arie Frederik Lasut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Mononutu" title="Arnold Mononutu">Arnold Mononutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagindo_Azizchan" title="Bagindo Azizchan">Bagindo Azizchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.W._Lapian" class="mw-redirect" title="B.W. Lapian">B.W. Lapian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjilik_Riwut" title="Tjilik Riwut">Tjilik Riwut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuanda_Kartawidjaja" title="Djuanda Kartawidjaja">Djoeanda Kartawidjaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Douwes_Dekker" title="Ernest Douwes Dekker">Ernest Douwes Dekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lumbantobing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Lumbantobing">Ferdinand Lumbantobing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Mangkoepradja" title="Gatot Mangkoepradja">Gatot Mangkoepradja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazairin" title="Hazairin">Hazairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idham_Chalid" title="Idham Chalid">Idham Chalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ide_Anak_Agung_Gde_Agung" title="Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung">Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Joseph_Kasimo_Hendrowahyono" title="Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono">Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ketut_Pudja" title="I Gusti Ketut Pudja">I Gusti Ketut Pudja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iwa Koesoemasoemantri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaak_Huru_Doko" title="Izaak Huru Doko">Izaak Huru Doko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Leimena" title="Johannes Leimena">Johannes Leimena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasman_Singodimedjo" title="Kasman Singodimedjo">Kasman Singodimedjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusumah_Atmaja" title="Kusumah Atmaja">Kusumah Atmaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambertus_Nicodemus_Palar" title="Lambertus Nicodemus Palar">Lambertus Nicodemus Palar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskoen_Soemadiredja" title="Maskoen Soemadiredja">Maskoen Soemadiredja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">Masjkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Husni_Thamrin" title="Mohammad Husni Thamrin">Mohammad Husni Thamrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moewardi" title="Moewardi">Moewardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nani_Wartabone" title="Nani Wartabone">Nani Wartabone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opu_Daeng_Risaju" title="Opu Daeng Risaju">Opu Daeng Risaju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oto_Iskandar_di_Nata" title="Oto Iskandar di Nata">Oto Iskandar di Nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Mohammad_Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Mohammad Noor">P. M. Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiman_Wediodiningrat" title="Rajiman Wediodiningrat">Rajiman Wediodiningrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasuna_Said" title="Rasuna Said">Rasuna Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahardjo" title="Sahardjo">Sahardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ratulangi" title="Sam Ratulangi">Sam Ratulangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanhudi" title="Samanhudi">Samanhudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Soekarni">Soekarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarjo_Wiryopranoto" title="Sukarjo Wiryopranoto">Sukarjo Wiryopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supeno" title="Supeno">Supeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo">Soepomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeroso" title="Soeroso">Soeroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ario_Soerjo" title="Ario Soerjo">Ario Soerjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soerjopranoto" title="Soerjopranoto">Soerjopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Mohammad_Amin_Nasution" title="Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution">Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Sjafruddin Prawiranegara">Sjafruddin Prawiranegara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Malaka" title="Tan Malaka">Tan Malaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Muhammad_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Teuku Muhammad Hasan">Teuku Muhammad Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Nyak_Arif" title="Teuku Nyak Arif">Teuku Nyak Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminoto" title="Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto">Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainul_Arifin" title="Zainul Arifin">Zainul Arifin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution">Abdul Haris Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Saleh_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman Saleh (physician)">Abdul Rahman Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agustinus_Adisucipto" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustinus Adisucipto">Adisucipto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Abdullah_Bau_Massepe" title="Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe">Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basuki_Rahmat" title="Basuki Rahmat">Basuki Rahmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djamin_Ginting" title="Djamin Ginting">Djamin Ginting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djatikoesoemo" title="Djatikoesoemo">Djatikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Soebroto" title="Gatot Soebroto">Gatot Soebroto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halim_Perdanakusuma" title="Halim Perdanakusuma">Halim Perdanakusuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Thohir" title="Harun Thohir">Harun Thohir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Basry" title="Hasan Basry">Hasan Basry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iswahyudi" title="Iswahyudi">Iswahyudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ngurah_Rai" title="I Gusti Ngurah Rai">I Gusti Ngurah Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahja_Daniel_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahja Daniel Dharma">John Lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keumalahayati" title="Keumalahayati">Keumalahayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Martadinata" title="Eddy Martadinata">R. E. Martadinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Isman" title="Mas Isman">Mas Isman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moestopo" title="Moestopo">Moestopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mangundiprojo" title="Muhammad Mangundiprojo">Muhammad Mangundiprojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yasin" title="Muhammad Yasin">Muhammad Yasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noer_Alie" title="Noer Alie">Noer Alie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerip_Soemohardjo" title="Oerip Soemohardjo">Oerip Soemohardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamet_Rijadi" title="Slamet Rijadi">Slamet Rijadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Soekanto_Tjokrodiatmodjo" title="Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo">Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supriyadi" title="Supriyadi">Supriyadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutomo" title="Sutomo">Sutomo (Bung Tomo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syam%27un" title="Syam'un">Syam'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._B._Simatupang" title="T. B. Simatupang">T. B. Simatupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Janatin">Usman Janatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wolter_Mongisidi" title="Robert Wolter Mongisidi">Robert Wolter Mongisidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yos_Sudarso" title="Yos Sudarso">Yos Sudarso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatmawati" title="Fatmawati">Fatmawati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revolutionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yani" title="Ahmad Yani">Ahmad Yani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Satsuit_Tubun" title="Karel Satsuit Tubun">Karel Satsuit Tubun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Tirtodarmo_Haryono" title="Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono">Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamso_Darmokusumo" title="Katamso Darmokusumo">Katamso Darmokusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Izacus_Pandjaitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Izacus Pandjaitan">Donald Izacus Pandjaitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tendean" title="Pierre Tendean">Pierre Tendean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siswondo_Parman" title="Siswondo Parman">Siswondo Parman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugiyono_Mangunwiyoto" title="Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto">Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeprapto_(general)" title="Soeprapto (general)">Suprapto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutoyo_Siswomiharjo" title="Sutoyo Siswomiharjo">Sutoyo Siswomiharjo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alimin" title="Alimin">Alimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetomo" title="Soetomo">Dr. Soetomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjipto_Mangoenkoesoemo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo">Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahidin_Soedirohoesodo" title="Wahidin Soedirohoesodo">Wahidin Soedirohoesodo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Muis" title="Abdul Muis">Abdoel Moeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Hamzah" title="Amir Hamzah">Amir Hamzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yamin" title="Mohammad Yamin">Mohammad Yamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ali_Haji" title="Raja Ali Haji">Raja Ali Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Marzuki" title="Ismail Marzuki">Ismail Marzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_Rudolf_Supratman" title="Wage Rudolf Supratman">Wage Rudolf Supratman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmar_Ismail" title="Usmar Ismail">Usmar Ismail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sartika" title="Dewi Sartika">Dewi Sartika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Johannes" title="Herman Johannes">Herman Johannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartini" title="Kartini">Kartini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Sarmidi_Mangunsarkoro" title="Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro">Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Walanda_Maramis" title="Maria Walanda Maramis">Maria Walanda Maramis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Kaisiepo" title="Frans Kaisiepo">Frans Kaisiepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Abraham_Dimara" title="Johannes Abraham Dimara">Johannes Abraham Dimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthen_Indey" title="Marthen Indey">Marthen Indey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajonga_Daeng_Ngalie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pajonga Daeng Ngalie">Pajonga Daeng Ngalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Papare" title="Silas Papare">Silas Papare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syarif_Kasim_II" title="Syarif Kasim II">Syarif Kasim II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Press</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Yakoub" title="Ilyas Yakoub">Ilyas Yakoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Tabrani" title="Mohammad Tabrani">Mohammad Tabrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhana_Kuddus" title="Ruhana Kuddus">Ruhana Kuddus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirto_Adhi_Soerjo" title="Tirto Adhi Soerjo">Tirto Adhi Soerjo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suharso" title="Suharso">Suharso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Hartinah" title="Siti Hartinah">Siti Hartinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus_Zakaria_Johannes" title="Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes">Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Chalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Chalim (page does not exist)">Abdul Chalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahab_Hasbullah" title="Abdul Wahab Hasbullah">Abdul Wahab Hasbullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Dahlan">Ahmad Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Hanafiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Hanafiah (page does not exist)">Ahmad Hanafiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanusi" title="Ahmad Sanusi">Ahmad Sanusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%27ad_Syamsul_Arifin" title="As'ad Syamsul Arifin">As'ad Syamsul Arifin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Soegijapranata" title="Albertus Soegijapranata">Albertus Soegijapranata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki_Bagus_Hadikusumo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki Bagus Hadikusumo (page does not exist)">Bagoes Hadikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH_Fakhruddin" title="KH Fakhruddin">Fakhruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafran_Pane" title="Lafran Pane">Lafran Pane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyai_Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Nyai Ahmad Dahlan">Nyai Ahmad Dahlan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Struggle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kadir_Raden_Temenggung_Setia_Pahlawan" title="Abdul Kadir Raden Temenggung Setia Pahlawan">Abdul Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Rifa%27i" title="Achmad Rifa'i">Achmad Rifa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtayasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirtayasa">Ageng Tirtayasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Depu" title="Andi Depu">Andi Depu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Mappanyukki" title="Andi Mappanyukki">Andi Mappanyukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_Wangsakara" title="Aria Wangsakara">Aria Wangsakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Antasari" title="Prince Antasari">Prince Antasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Agung_of_Mataram" title="Sultan Agung of Mataram">Sultan Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babullah_of_Ternate" title="Babullah of Ternate">Sultan Babullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataha_Santiago" title="Bataha Santiago">Bataha Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teungku_Chik_di_Tiro" title="Teungku Chik di Tiro">Teungku Chik di Tiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Nyak_Dhien" title="Cut Nyak Dhien">Cut Nyak Dhien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Nyak_Meutia" title="Cut Nyak Meutia">Cut Nyak Meutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diponegoro" title="Diponegoro">Diponegoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Haji_Fisabilillah" title="Raja Haji Fisabilillah">Raja Haji Fisabilillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_I" title="Hamengkubuwono I">Hamengkubuwono I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanuddin_of_Gowa" title="Hasanuddin of Gowa">Hasanuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Muda" title="Iskandar Muda">Iskandar Muda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ketut_Jelantik" title="I Gusti Ketut Jelantik">I Gusti Ketut Jelantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ngurah_Made_Agung" title="I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung">I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiras_Bangun" title="Kiras Bangun">Kiras Bangun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Maddukelleng" title="La Maddukelleng">La Maddukelleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machmud_Singgirei_Rumagesan" title="Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan">Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Badaruddin_II" title="Mahmud Badaruddin II">Mahmud Badaruddin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_III_of_Johor" title="Mahmud Shah III of Johor">Mahmud Shah III of Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangkunegara_I" title="Mangkunegara I">Mangkunegara I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Christina_Tiahahu" title="Martha Christina Tiahahu">Martha Christina Tiahahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Muhammad_Amiruddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin">Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyi_Ageng_Serang" title="Nyi Ageng Serang">Nyi Ageng Serang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_VI" title="Pakubuwono VI">Pakubuwono VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_X" title="Pakubuwono X">Pakubuwono X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattimura" title="Pattimura">Pattimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pong_Tiku" title="Pong Tiku">Pong Tiku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Mattaher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raden Mattaher (page does not exist)">Raden Mattaher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radin_Inten_II" title="Radin Inten II">Radin Inten II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranggong_Daeng_Romo" title="Ranggong Daeng Romo">Ranggong Daeng Romo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Kalinyamat" title="Ratu Kalinyamat">Ratu Kalinyamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisingamangaraja_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisingamangaraja XII">Sisingamangaraja XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Yusuf" title="Sheikh Yusuf">Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tambusai" title="Tuanku Tambusai">Tuanku Tambusai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Umar" title="Teuku Umar">Teuku Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaha_Syaifuddin" title="Thaha Syaifuddin">Thaha Syaifuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untung_Surapati" title="Untung Surapati">Untung Surapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainal_Mustafa" title="Zainal Mustafa">Zainal Mustafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10975733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10975733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10975733#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85186077">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p086868373">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1456466">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span 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