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<span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illustrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illustrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Illustrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illustrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creative_inspiration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creative_inspiration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Creative inspiration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Creative_inspiration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Creative inspiration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Creative_inspiration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baum's_personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baum's_personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Baum's personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baum's_personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scarecrow_and_the_Tin_Woodman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scarecrow_and_the_Tin_Woodman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scarecrow_and_the_Tin_Woodman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dorothy,_Uncle_Henry,_and_the_Witches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dorothy,_Uncle_Henry,_and_the_Witches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Dorothy, Uncle Henry, and the Witches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dorothy,_Uncle_Henry,_and_the_Witches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Emerald_City_and_the_Land_of_Oz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Emerald_City_and_the_Land_of_Oz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>The Emerald City and the Land of Oz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Emerald_City_and_the_Land_of_Oz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_of_Denslow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_of_Denslow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Influence of Denslow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_of_Denslow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Critical response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sequels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sequels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Influence and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegorical_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegorical_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Allegorical analysis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Allegorical_analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Allegorical analysis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Allegorical_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allusions_to_19th-century_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allusions_to_19th-century_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Allusions to 19th-century America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allusions_to_19th-century_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="ساحر أوز العجيب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساحر أوز العجيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9C" title="দ্য ওয়ান্ডারফুল উইজার্ড অব অজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্য ওয়ান্ডারফুল উইজার্ড অব অজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oz_%C3%AA_T%C5%8Da_Su%CC%8Dt-s%C5%AB" title="Oz ê Tōa Su̍t-sū – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oz ê Tōa Su̍t-sū" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%B7_(%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0)" title="Чараўнік краіны Оз (кніга) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чараўнік краіны Оз (кніга)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%B7" title="Дзіўны Чараўнік з краіны Оз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзіўны Чараўнік з краіны Оз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%B7" title="Вълшебникът от Оз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълшебникът от Оз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_m%C3%A0gic_d%27Oz" title="El màgic d'Oz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El màgic d'Oz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Carod%C4%9Bj_ze_zem%C4%9B_Oz" title="Čaroděj ze země Oz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čaroděj ze země Oz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewin_Gwlad_yr_Os" title="Dewin Gwlad yr Os – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dewin Gwlad yr Os" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troldmanden_fra_Oz" title="Troldmanden fra Oz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Troldmanden fra Oz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Zauberer_von_Oz" title="Der Zauberer von Oz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der Zauberer von Oz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5lur_Oz" title="Võlur Oz – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Võlur Oz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_maravilloso_mago_de_Oz" title="El maravilloso mago de Oz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El maravilloso mago de Oz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_mirinda_sor%C4%89isto_de_Oz" title="La mirinda sorĉisto de Oz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La mirinda sorĉisto de Oz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/OZeko_aztia" title="OZeko aztia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="OZeko aztia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B2_(%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="جادوگر شهر از (رمان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جادوگر شهر از (رمان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Magicien_d%27Oz" title="Le Magicien d'Oz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Magicien d'Oz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_marabilloso_mago_de_Oz" title="O marabilloso mago de Oz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="O marabilloso mago de Oz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%A6%88%EC%9D%98_%EB%A7%88%EB%B2%95%EC%82%AC" title="오즈의 마법사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오즈의 마법사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A6%D5%AB_%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A8" title="Օզի զարմանահրաշ կախարդը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օզի զարմանահրաշ կախարդը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Carobnjak_iz_Oza_(roman)" title="Čarobnjak iz Oza (roman) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čarobnjak iz Oza (roman)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyihir_Oz" title="Penyihir Oz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyihir Oz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galdrakarlinn_%C3%AD_Oz" title="Galdrakarlinn í Oz – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Galdrakarlinn í Oz" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_meraviglioso_mago_di_Oz" title="Il meraviglioso mago di Oz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il meraviglioso mago di Oz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A5" title="הקוסם מארץ עוץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקוסם מארץ עוץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ოზის საოცარი ჯადოქარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოზის საოცარი ჯადოქარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7_%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%A3%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Оз әлемінің таңғажайып сиқыршысы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оз әлемінің таңғажайып сиқыршысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAhrbaz%C3%AA_Oz%C3%AA_gewre_(pirt%C3%BBk)" title="Sêhrbazê Ozê gewre (pirtûk) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sêhrbazê Ozê gewre (pirtûk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%ABnumainais_burvis_no_Oza_zemes" title="Brīnumainais burvis no Oza zemes – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brīnumainais burvis no Oza zemes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oz,_a_nagy_var%C3%A1zsl%C3%B3" title="Oz, a nagy varázsló – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oz, a nagy varázsló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB" title="ഓസ് നഗരത്തിലെ മാന്ത്രികൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓസ് നഗരത്തിലെ മാന്ത്രികൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_tovenaar_van_Oz" title="De tovenaar van Oz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De tovenaar van Oz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%81%AE%E9%AD%94%E6%B3%95%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84" title="オズの魔法使い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オズの魔法使い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollmannen_fra_Oz" title="Trollmannen fra Oz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trollmannen fra Oz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollmannen_fr%C3%A5_Oz" title="Trollmannen frå Oz – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trollmannen frå Oz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czarnoksi%C4%99%C5%BCnik_z_Krainy_Oz" title="Czarnoksiężnik z Krainy Oz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czarnoksiężnik z Krainy Oz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vr%C4%83jitorul_din_Oz" title="Vrăjitorul din Oz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vrăjitorul din Oz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%B7" title="Удивительный волшебник из страны Оз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Удивительный волшебник из страны Оз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/luyexianzong_(sikulitay_a_cudad)" title="luyexianzong (sikulitay a cudad) – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="luyexianzong (sikulitay a cudad)" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magjistari_i_mrekulluesh%C3%ABm_i_Ozit" title="Magjistari i mrekullueshëm i Ozit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Magjistari i mrekullueshëm i Ozit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Чудесни чаробњак из Оза – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чудесни чаробњак из Оза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihmemaa_Oz_(kirja)" title="Ihmemaa Oz (kirja) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihmemaa Oz (kirja)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollkarlen_fr%C3%A5n_Oz_(bok)" title="Trollkarlen från Oz (bok) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trollkarlen från Oz (bok)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B" title="พ่อมดมหัศจรรย์แห่งเมืองออซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ่อมดมหัศจรรย์แห่งเมืองออซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oz_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCc%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Oz Büyücüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oz Büyücüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%B7" title="Дивовижний чарівник країни Оз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дивовижний чарівник країни Оз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="اوز کا نرالا جادوگر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوز کا نرالا جادوگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_th%E1%BB%A7y_x%E1%BB%A9_Oz" title="Phù thủy xứ Oz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phù thủy xứ Oz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%87%8E%E4%BB%99%E8%B9%A4" title="綠野仙蹤 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="綠野仙蹤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E9%87%8E%E4%BB%99%E8%B8%AA" title="绿野仙踪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="绿野仙踪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1900 children's novel by L. Frank Baum</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1939 film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz"><i>The Wizard of Oz</i></a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (disambiguation)">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz&rft.author=%5B%5BL.+Frank+Baum%5D%5D&rft.date=May+17%2C+1900%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22%3E%26%23059%3B%26%23032%3B124+years+ago%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Anone%22%3E%26%23160%3B%28%3Cspan+class%3D%22bday+dtstart+published+updated%22%3EMay+17%2C+1900%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=%5B%5BGeorge+M.+Hill+Company%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.series=%5B%5BList+of+Oz+books%7CThe+Oz+books%5D%5D&rft_id=info:oclcnum/9506808"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz,_006.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_006.png/220px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_006.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_006.png/330px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_006.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_006.png/440px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_006.png 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="3100" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Original title page</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illustrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Series</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">The Oz books</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy novel">Fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's novel">children's novel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_M._Hill_Company" title="George M. Hill Company">George M. Hill Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">May 17, 1900<span class="noprint">; 124 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">May 17, 1900</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9506808">9506808</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a> </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" class="extiw" title="s:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</b></i> is a 1900 <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's novel</a> written by author <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a> and illustrated by <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaumDenslow1900_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaumDenslow1900-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the first novel in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">Oz series of books</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> farm girl named <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gale" title="Dorothy Gale">Dorothy</a> ends up in the magical <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Land of Oz</a> after she and her pet dog <a href="/wiki/Toto_(Oz)" title="Toto (Oz)">Toto</a> are swept away from their home by a <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">cyclone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon her arrival in the magical world of Oz, she learns she cannot return home until she has destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Wicked_Witch_of_the_West" title="Wicked Witch of the West">Wicked Witch of the West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711–12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711–12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book was first published in the United States in May 1900 by the <a href="/wiki/George_M._Hill_Company" title="George M. Hill Company">George M. Hill Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1901, the publishing company completed printing the first edition, a total of 10,000 copies, which quickly sold out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had sold three million copies by the time it entered the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in 1956. It was often reprinted under the title <i><b>The Wizard of Oz</b></i>, which is the title of the successful <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)">1902 Broadway musical adaptation</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">1939 live-action film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''19039_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''19039-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwiddy2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwiddy2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ground-breaking success of both the original 1900 novel and the 1902 musical prompted Baum to write thirteen additional <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">Oz books</a>, which serve as official sequels to the first story. Over a century later, the book is one of the best-known stories in American literature, and the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> has declared the work to be "America's greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication">Publication</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_first_edition_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The front cover of the first Wizard of Oz book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_first_edition_cover.jpg/130px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_first_edition_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_first_edition_cover.jpg/195px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_first_edition_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_first_edition_cover.jpg/260px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_first_edition_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="1911" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_-_W.W._Denslow_cover_(back).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The rear cover of the original Wizard of Oz book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_-_W.W._Denslow_cover_%28back%29.jpg/130px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_-_W.W._Denslow_cover_%28back%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_-_W.W._Denslow_cover_%28back%29.jpg/195px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_-_W.W._Denslow_cover_%28back%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_-_W.W._Denslow_cover_%28back%29.jpg/260px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_-_W.W._Denslow_cover_%28back%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="2503" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(Left) 1900 first edition cover, published by the <a href="/wiki/George_M._Hill_Company" title="George M. Hill Company">George M. Hill Company</a>, Chicago, New York; (right) the 1900 edition original back cover.</div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a>'s story was published by <a href="/wiki/George_M._Hill_Company" title="George M. Hill Company">George M. Hill Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first edition had a printing of 10,000 copies and was sold in advance of the publication date of September 1, 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 17, 1900, the first copy came off the press; Baum assembled it by hand and presented it to his sister, Mary Louise Baum Brewster. The public saw it for the first time at a book fair at <a href="/wiki/The_Palmer_House_Hilton" title="The Palmer House Hilton">the Palmer House</a> in Chicago, July 5–20. Its copyright was registered on August 1; full distribution followed in September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200273–94_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200273–94-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By October 1900, it had already sold out, and the second edition of 15,000 copies was nearly depleted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a letter to his brother, Baum wrote that the book's publisher, George M. Hill, predicted a sale of about 250,000 copies. In spite of this favorable conjecture, Hill did not initially predict that the book would be phenomenally successful. He agreed to publish the book only when the manager of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Opera_House_(Chicago)" title="Grand Opera House (Chicago)">Chicago Grand Opera House</a>, Fred R. Hamlin, committed to making it into a musical stage play to publicize the novel. </p><p>The play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> debuted on June 16, 1902. It was revised to suit adult preferences and was crafted as a "musical extravaganza", with the costumes modeled after Denslow's drawings. When Hill's publishing company became bankrupt in 1901,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197714_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197714-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Indianapolis-based <a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Company" title="Bobbs-Merrill Company">Bobbs-Merrill Company</a> resumed publishing the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197714_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197714-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1938, more than one million copies of the book had been printed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerdon1991_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerdon1991-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1956, sales had grown to three million copies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz,_014.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_014.png/180px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_014.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_014.png/270px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_014.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_014.png/360px-The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_014.png 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Dorothy catches Toto by the ear as their house is caught up in a cyclone (tornado). First edition illustration by <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gale" title="Dorothy Gale">Dorothy Gale</a> is a young girl who lives with her <a href="/wiki/Aunt_Em" title="Aunt Em">Aunt Em</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Henry_(Oz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncle Henry (Oz)">Uncle Henry</a>, and dog, <a href="/wiki/Toto_(Oz)" title="Toto (Oz)">Toto</a>, on a farm on the <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> prairie. One day, Dorothy and Toto are caught up in a "cyclone" (more accurately a <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a>) that deposits them and the farmhouse into <a href="/wiki/Munchkin_Country" title="Munchkin Country">Munchkin Country</a> in the magical <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Land of Oz</a>. The falling house has killed the <a href="/wiki/Wicked_Witch_of_the_East" title="Wicked Witch of the East">Wicked Witch of the East</a>, the evil ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Munchkin" title="Munchkin">Munchkins</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Good_Witch_of_the_North_(Baum)" title="Good Witch of the North (Baum)">Good Witch of the North</a> arrives with three grateful Munchkins and gives Dorothy the magical <a href="/wiki/Silver_Shoes" title="Silver Shoes">silver shoes</a> that originally belonged to the Wicked Witch. The Good Witch tells Dorothy that the only way she can return home to Kansas is to follow the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_brick_road" title="Yellow brick road">yellow brick road</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Emerald_City" title="Emerald City">Emerald City</a> and ask the great and powerful <a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_Oz_(character)" title="Wizard of Oz (character)">Wizard of Oz</a> to help her. As Dorothy embarks on her journey, the Good Witch of the North kisses her on the forehead, giving her magical protection from harm. </p><p>On her way down the yellow brick road, Dorothy attends a banquet held by a Munchkin named <a href="/wiki/Boq" class="mw-redirect" title="Boq">Boq</a>. The next day, she frees a <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(Oz)" title="Scarecrow (Oz)">Scarecrow</a> from the pole on which he is hanging, applies oil from a can to the rusted joints of a <a href="/wiki/Tin_Woodman" title="Tin Woodman">Tin Woodman</a>, and meets a <a href="/wiki/Cowardly_Lion" title="Cowardly Lion">Cowardly Lion</a>. The Scarecrow wants a brain, the Tin Woodman wants a heart, and the Lion wants courage, so Dorothy encourages them to journey with her and Toto to the Emerald City to ask for help from the Wizard. </p><p>After several adventures, the travelers arrive at the Emerald City and meet the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_of_the_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian of the Gates">Guardian of the Gates</a>, who asks them to wear green tinted spectacles to keep their eyes from being blinded by the city's brilliance. Each one is called to see the Wizard. He appears to Dorothy as a giant head, to the Scarecrow as a lovely lady, to the Tin Woodman as a terrible beast, and to the Lion as a ball of fire, with the intention of scaring them all, but of course choosing the wrong image to make the desired impression. He agrees to help them all if they kill the <a href="/wiki/Wicked_Witch_of_the_West" title="Wicked Witch of the West">Wicked Witch of the West</a>, who rules over <a href="/wiki/Winkie_Country" title="Winkie Country">Winkie Country</a>. The Guardian warns them that no one has ever managed to defeat the Witch of the West. </p><p>The Wicked Witch of the West sees the travelers approaching with her one telescopic eye. She sends a pack of wolves to tear them to pieces, but the Tin Woodman kills them with his axe. She sends a flock of wild crows to peck their eyes out, but the Scarecrow kills them by twisting their necks. She summons a swarm of black bees to sting them, but they are killed while trying to sting the Tin Woodman while the Scarecrow's straw hides the others. She sends a dozen of her Winkie slaves to attack them, but the Lion stands firm to repel them. Finally, she uses the power of her Golden Cap to send the <a href="/wiki/Winged_Monkeys" class="mw-redirect" title="Winged Monkeys">Winged Monkeys</a> to capture Dorothy, Toto, and the Lion. She cages the Lion, scatters the straw of the Scarecrow, and dents the Tin Woodman. Dorothy is forced to become the witch's personal slave, while the Witch schemes to steal her silver shoes' powerful magic. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wicked_Witch2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wicked_Witch2.jpg/220px-Wicked_Witch2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wicked_Witch2.jpg/330px-Wicked_Witch2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wicked_Witch2.jpg/440px-Wicked_Witch2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3285" data-file-height="2153" /></a><figcaption>The Wicked Witch melts. First edition illustration by W. W. Denslow.</figcaption></figure> <p>The witch successfully tricks Dorothy out of one of her silver shoes. Angered, she throws a bucket of water at the witch and is shocked to see her melt away. The Winkies rejoice at being freed from her tyranny and help restuff the Scarecrow and mend the Tin Woodman. They ask the Tin Woodman to become their ruler, which he agrees to do after helping Dorothy return to Kansas. Dorothy finds the witch's Golden Cap and summons the Winged Monkeys to carry her and her friends back to the Emerald City. The King of the Winged Monkeys tells how he and his band are bound by an enchantment to the cap by the sorceress <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_characters_(created_by_Baum)#Gayelette" title="List of Oz characters (created by Baum)">Gayelette</a> from the North, and that Dorothy may use it to summon them two more times. </p><p>When Dorothy and her friends meet the Wizard again, Toto tips over a screen in a corner of the throne room that reveals "the Wizard", who sadly explains he is a humbug—an ordinary old man who, by a hot air balloon, came to Oz long ago from <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a>. He provides the Scarecrow with a head full of bran, pins, and needles ("a lot of bran-new brains"), the Tin Woodman with a silk heart stuffed with sawdust, and the Lion a potion of "courage". Their faith in his power gives these items a focus for their desires. He decides to take Dorothy and Toto home and then go back to Omaha in his balloon. At the send-off, he appoints the Scarecrow to rule in his stead, which he agrees to do after helping Dorothy return to Kansas. Toto chases a kitten in the crowd and Dorothy goes after him, but the ropes holding the balloon break and the Wizard floats away. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BauW170B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/BauW170B.jpg/180px-BauW170B.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/BauW170B.jpg/270px-BauW170B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/BauW170B.jpg/360px-BauW170B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="2405" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Winged_Monkeys" class="mw-redirect" title="Winged Monkeys">Winged Monkeys</a> transport Dorothy.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dorothy summons the Winged Monkeys and tells them to carry her and Toto home, but they explain they can't cross the desert surrounding Oz. The <a href="/wiki/Soldier_with_the_Green_Whiskers" title="Soldier with the Green Whiskers">Soldier with the Green Whiskers</a> informs Dorothy that <a href="/wiki/Glinda_the_Good_Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="Glinda the Good Witch">Glinda, the Good Witch of the South</a> may be able to help her return home, so the travelers begin their journey to see Glinda's castle in <a href="/wiki/Quadling_Country" title="Quadling Country">Quadling Country</a>. On the way, the Lion kills a giant spider who is terrorizing the animals in a forest. They ask him to become their king, which he agrees to do after helping Dorothy return to Kansas. Dorothy summons the Winged Monkeys a third time to fly them over a hill to Glinda's castle. </p><p>Glinda greets them and reveals that Dorothy's silver shoes can take her anywhere she wishes to go. She embraces her friends, all of whom will be returned to their new kingdoms through Glinda's three uses of the Golden Cap: the Scarecrow to the Emerald City, the Tin Woodman to Winkie Country, and the Lion to the forest; after which the cap will be given to the King of the Winged Monkeys, freeing him and his band. Dorothy takes Toto in her arms, knocks her heels together three times, and wishes to return home. Instantly, she begins whirling through the air and rolling on the grass of the Kansas prairie, up to the farmhouse, though the silver shoes fall off her feet en route and are lost in the <a href="/wiki/Deadly_Desert" title="Deadly Desert">Deadly Desert</a>. She runs to Aunt Em, saying "I'm so glad to be home again!" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illustrations">Illustrations</h2></div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 300px; height: 180px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -90px; left: -50px; width: 390px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copyright_page_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz,_1899.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustrator W. W. Denslow co-held the copyright." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Copyright_page_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_1899.png/390px-Copyright_page_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_1899.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="503" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Copyright_page_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_1899.png/585px-Copyright_page_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_1899.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Copyright_page_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz%2C_1899.png 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="828" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Copyright_page_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz,_1899.png" title="File:Copyright page of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, 1899.png"> </a></div>Illustrator <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a> co-held the copyright. </div> </div> </div> <p>The book was illustrated by Baum's friend and collaborator <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a>, who also co-held the copyright. The design was lavish for the time, with illustrations on many pages, backgrounds in different colors, and several color plate illustrations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum2000xlvii_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum2000xlvii-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typeface featured the newly designed <a href="/wiki/Bookman_(typeface)#Monotype_version" title="Bookman (typeface)">Monotype Old Style</a>. In September 1900, The <i>Grand Rapids Herald</i> wrote that Denslow's illustrations are "quite as much of the story as in the writing". The editorial opined that had it not been for Denslow's pictures, the readers would be unable to picture precisely the figures of Dorothy, Toto, and the other characters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENew_Fairy_Stories1900_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_Fairy_Stories1900-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denslow's illustrations were so well known that merchants of many products obtained permission to use them to promote their wares. The forms of the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, the Cowardly Lion, the Wizard, and Dorothy were made into rubber and metal sculptures. Costume jewelry, mechanical toys, and soap were also designed using their figures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarrett1954_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarrett1954-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distinctive look of Denslow's illustrations led to imitators at the time, most notably Eva Katherine Gibson's <i>Zauberlinda, the Wise Witch</i>, which mimicked both the typography and the illustration design of <i>Oz</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom19949_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom19949-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new edition of the book appeared in 1944, with illustrations by Evelyn Copelman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum2000lv,_7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum2000lv,_7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197790_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197790-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it was claimed that the new illustrations were based on Denslow's originals, they more closely resemble the characters as seen in the famous <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">1939 film version</a> of Baum's book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Minnesota2006_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Minnesota2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creative_inspiration">Creative inspiration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baum's_personal_life"><span id="Baum.27s_personal_life"></span>Baum's personal life</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L._Frank_Baum_(1911).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/L._Frank_Baum_%281911%29.jpg/200px-L._Frank_Baum_%281911%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/L._Frank_Baum_%281911%29.jpg/300px-L._Frank_Baum_%281911%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/L._Frank_Baum_%281911%29.jpg/400px-L._Frank_Baum_%281911%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3716" data-file-height="4527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a> circa 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Baum's son, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Neal_Baum" title="Harry Neal Baum">Harry Neal</a>, the author had often told his children "whimsical stories before they became material for his books".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweet1944_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweet1944-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry Baum called his father the "swellest man I knew", a man who was able to give a decent reason as to why <a href="/wiki/Sing_a_Song_of_Sixpence" title="Sing a Song of Sixpence">black birds cooked in a pie</a> could afterwards get out and sing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweet1944_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweet1944-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the characters, props, and ideas in the novel were drawn from Baum's personal life and experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartz2009xiv_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz2009xiv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baum held different jobs, moved a lot, and was exposed to many people, so the inspiration for the story could have been taken from many different aspects of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartz2009xiv_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz2009xiv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the introduction to the story, Baum writes that "it aspires to being a modernized fairy tale, in which the wonderment and joy are retained and the heart-aches and nightmares are left out".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum20005_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum20005-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scarecrow_and_the_Tin_Woodman">Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman</h4></div> <p>As a child, Baum frequently had nightmares of a scarecrow pursuing him across a field.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moments before the scarecrow's "ragged hay fingers" nearly gripped his neck, it would fall apart before his eyes. Decades later, as an adult, Baum integrated his tormentor into the novel as the Scarecrow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGourley19997_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGourley19997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1880s, Baum's play <i>Matches</i> was being performed when a "flicker from a kerosene lantern sparked the rafters", causing the Baum opera house to be consumed by flames. Scholar Evan I. Schwartz suggested that this might have inspired the Scarecrow's severest terror: "There is only one thing in the world I am afraid of. A lighted match."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartz200975_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz200975-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Baum's son Harry, the Tin Woodman was born from Baum's attraction to window displays. He wished to make something captivating for the window displays, so he used an eclectic assortment of scraps to craft a striking figure. From a wash-boiler he made a body, from bolted stovepipes he made arms and legs, and from the bottom of a saucepan he made a face. Baum then placed a funnel hat on the figure, which ultimately became the Tin Woodman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarpenterShirley199243_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenterShirley199243-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dorothy,_Uncle_Henry,_and_the_Witches"><span id="Dorothy.2C_Uncle_Henry.2C_and_the_Witches"></span>Dorothy, Uncle Henry, and the Witches</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cowardly_lion2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cowardly_lion2.jpg/180px-Cowardly_lion2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cowardly_lion2.jpg/270px-Cowardly_lion2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cowardly_lion2.jpg/360px-Cowardly_lion2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="2410" /></a><figcaption>Dorothy meeting the <a href="/wiki/Cowardly_Lion" title="Cowardly Lion">Cowardly Lion</a> (Denslow, 1900)</figcaption></figure> <p>Baum's wife <a href="/wiki/Maud_Gage_Baum" title="Maud Gage Baum">Maud Gage</a> frequently visited their newborn niece, Dorothy Louise Gage, whom she adored as the daughter she never had. The infant became gravely sick and died at the age of five months in <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a>, on November 11, 1898, from "congestion of the brain". Maud was devastated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylorMoranSceurman2005208_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylorMoranSceurman2005208-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To assuage her distress, Baum made his protagonist of <i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> a girl named Dorothy, and he dedicated the book to his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagman-Geller200839–40_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagman-Geller200839–40-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The baby was buried at <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Cemetery_(Bloomington,_Illinois)" title="Evergreen Cemetery (Bloomington, Illinois)">Evergreen Cemetery</a>, where her gravestone has a statue of the character Dorothy placed next to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElleson2016_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElleson2016-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baum's mother-in-law, activist <a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a>, has also been cited as one of the inspirations for Dorothy.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Decades later, <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Burdick" title="Jocelyn Burdick">Jocelyn Burdick</a>—the daughter of Baum's other niece, Magdalena Carpenter, and a former <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>—asserted that her mother also partly inspired the character of Dorothy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEriksmoen2020_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEriksmoen2020-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burdick claimed that her great-uncle spent "considerable time at the Сarpenter homestead ... and became very attached to Magdalena".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEriksmoen2020_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEriksmoen2020-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burdick has reported many similarities between her mother's homestead and the farm of Aunt Em and Uncle Henry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEriksmoen2020_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEriksmoen2020-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Henry_(Oz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncle Henry (Oz)">Uncle Henry</a> was modeled after Henry Gage, Baum's father-in-law. Bossed around by his wife <a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda</a>, Henry rarely dissented with her. He flourished in business, though, and his neighbors looked up to him. Likewise, Uncle Henry was a "passive but hard-working man" who "looked stern and solemn, and rarely spoke".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartz200995_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz200995-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The witches in the novel were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Witch-hunt#Early_Modern_Europe_and_Colonial_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch-hunt">witch-hunting</a> research gathered by Matilda Joslyn Gage. The stories of barbarous acts against accused witches scared Baum. Two key events in the novel involve wicked witches who meet their death through metaphorical means.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartz200997–98_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz200997–98-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baum's biographers have also drawn correlations between Baum's <a href="/wiki/Glinda" title="Glinda">Good Witch</a> and Gage's feminist writings.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Emerald_City_and_the_Land_of_Oz">The Emerald City and the Land of Oz</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emerald_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emerald_City.jpg/310px-Emerald_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emerald_City.jpg/465px-Emerald_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Emerald_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>The Emerald City (Denslow, 1900)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1890, Baum lived in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_South_Dakota" title="Aberdeen, South Dakota">Aberdeen, South Dakota</a> during a drought, and he wrote a story in his "Our Landlady" column in Aberdeen's <i>The Saturday Pioneer</i> about a farmer who gave green goggles to his horses, causing them to believe that the wood chips that they were eating were pieces of grass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECulver1988102_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECulver1988102-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the Wizard made the people in the Emerald City wear green goggles so that they would believe that their city was built from emeralds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen2002261_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen2002261-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Baum's short stay in Aberdeen, the dissemination of myths about the West continued. However, the West, instead of being a wonderland, turned into a wasteland because of a drought and a depression. In 1891, Baum moved his family from South Dakota to Chicago. At that time, Chicago was getting ready for the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> in 1893. Scholar Laura Barrett stated that Chicago was "considerably more akin to Oz than to Kansas". After discovering that the myths about the West's incalculable riches were baseless, Baum created "an extension of the American frontier in Oz". In many respects, Baum's creation is similar to the actual frontier save for the fact that the West was still undeveloped at the time. The Munchkins Dorothy encounters at the beginning of the novel represent farmers, as do the Winkies she later meets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett2006154–155_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett2006154–155-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local legend has it that Oz, also known as the Emerald City, was inspired by a prominent castle-like building in the community of Castle Park near <a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland, Michigan</a>, where Baum lived during the summer. The yellow brick road was derived from a road at that time paved by yellow bricks, located in <a href="/wiki/Peekskill,_New_York" title="Peekskill, New York">Peekskill, New York</a>, where Baum attended the <a href="/wiki/Peekskill_Military_Academy" title="Peekskill Military Academy">Peekskill Military Academy</a>. Baum scholars often refer to the 1893 Chicago World's Fair (the "White City") as an inspiration for the Emerald City. Other legends suggest that the inspiration came from the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Del_Coronado" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Del Coronado">Hotel Del Coronado</a> near San Diego, California. Baum was a frequent guest at the hotel and had written several of the Oz books there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFokos2006_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFokos2006-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1903 interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Publishers%27_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Publishers' Weekly">The Publishers' Weekly</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn1986E12_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendelsohn1986E12-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baum said that the name "Oz" came from his file cabinet labeled "O–Z".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartz2009273_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz2009273-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some critics have suggested that Baum's Oz may have been inspired by Australia. Australia is often colloquially spelled or referred to as "Oz". Furthermore, in <i>Ozma of Oz</i> (1907), Dorothy gets back to Oz as the result of a storm at sea while she and Uncle Henry are traveling by ship to Australia. Like Australia, Oz is an island continent somewhere to the west of California with inhabited regions bordering on a great desert. Baum perhaps intended Oz to be Australia or a magical land in the center of the great Australian desert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgeo199086–89_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgeo199086–89-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland"><span id="Alice.27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland"></span><i>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</i></h3></div> <p>In addition to being influenced by the fairy-tales of the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum200038_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum200038-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baum was significantly influenced by English writer <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>'s 1865 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum200038New_Fairy_Stories1900_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum200038New_Fairy_Stories1900-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Baum found the plot of Carroll's novel to be incoherent, he identified the book's source of popularity as <a href="/wiki/Alice_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Alice</a> herself—a child with whom younger readers could identify, and this influenced Baum's choice of Dorothy as his protagonist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum200038_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum200038-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baum also was influenced by Carroll's views that all children's books should be lavishly illustrated, be pleasurable to read, and not contain any moral lessons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley199751_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley199751-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, Carroll had rejected the popular expectation that children's books must be saturated with <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moral</a> lessons and instead he contended that children should be allowed to be children.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although influenced by Carroll's distinctly English work, Baum nonetheless sought to create a story that had recognizable American elements, such as farming and industrialization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley199751_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley199751-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Baum combined the conventional features of a <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch">witches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wizard_(fantasy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wizard (fantasy)">wizards</a> with well-known fixtures in his young readers' Midwestern lives such as <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow" title="Scarecrow">scarecrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">cornfields</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelaney2002_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney2002-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_of_Denslow">Influence of Denslow</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W._W._Denslow_1900.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/W._W._Denslow_1900.png/200px-W._W._Denslow_1900.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/W._W._Denslow_1900.png/300px-W._W._Denslow_1900.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/W._W._Denslow_1900.png/400px-W._W._Denslow_1900.png 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Illustrator <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a> sketching circa 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>The original illustrator of the novel, <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a>, aided in the development of Baum's story and greatly influenced the way it has been interpreted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baum and Denslow had a close working relationship and worked together to create the presentation of the story through the images and the text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197710-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Color is an important element of the story and is present throughout the images, with each chapter having a different color representation. Denslow also added characteristics to his drawings that Baum never described. For example, Denslow drew a house and the gates of the Emerald City with faces on them. </p><p>In the later <i>Oz</i> books, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Neill" title="John R. Neill">John R. Neill</a>, who illustrated all the sequels, continued to use elements from Denslow's earlier illustrations, including faces on the Emerald City's gates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley199742_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley199742-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another aspect is the Tin Woodman's funnel hat, which is not mentioned in the text until later books but appears in most artists' interpretation of the character, including the stage and film productions of 1902–1909, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1925, 1931, 1933, 1939, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1992, and others. One of the earliest illustrators not to include a funnel hat was Russell H. Schulz in the 1957 <a href="/wiki/Whitman_Publishing" title="Whitman Publishing">Whitman Publishing</a> edition—Schulz depicted him wearing a pot on his head. Libico Maraja's illustrations, which first appeared in a 1957 Italian edition and have also appeared in English-language and other editions, are well known for depicting him bareheaded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0; padding:1.5em"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""><p> This last story of <i>The Wizard</i> is ingeniously woven out of commonplace material. It is, of course, an extravaganza, but will surely be found to appeal strongly to child readers as well as to the younger children, to whom it will be read by mothers or those having charge of the entertaining of children. There seems to be an inborn love of stories in child minds, and one of the most familiar and pleading requests of children is to be told another story.</p><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><p> The drawing as well as the introduced color work vies with the texts drawn, and the result has been a book that rises far above the average children's book of today, high as is the present standard...</p><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The book has a bright and joyous atmosphere, and does not dwell upon killing and deeds of violence. Enough stirring adventure enters into it, however, to flavor it with zest, and it will indeed be strange if there be a normal child who will not enjoy the story. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="center-aligned" style=""><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, September 8, 1900<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900bBR12_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900bBR12-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> received positive critical reviews upon release. In a September 1900 review, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> praised the novel, writing that it would appeal to child readers and to younger children who could not read yet. The review also praised the illustrations for being a pleasant complement to the text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900bBR12_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900bBR12-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the subsequent decades after the novel's publication in 1900, it received little critical analysis from scholars of children's literature. Lists of suggested reading published for juvenile readers never contained Baum's work,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman2003504_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman2003504-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his works were rarely assigned in classrooms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECulver198898_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECulver198898-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This lack of interest stemmed from the scholars' misgivings about fantasy, as well as to their belief that lengthy series had little literary merit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman2003504_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman2003504-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It frequently came under fire in later decades. In 1957, the director of Detroit's libraries banned <i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> for having "no value" for children of today, for supporting "negativism", and for bringing children's minds to a "cowardly level". Professor <a href="/wiki/Russel_B._Nye" title="Russel B. Nye">Russel B. Nye</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> countered that "if the message of the Oz books—love, kindness, and unselfishness make the world a better place—seems of no value today", then maybe the time is ripe for "reassess[ing] a good many other things besides the Detroit library's approved list of children's books".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarrett1957_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarrett1957-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, seven <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist Christian">Fundamentalist Christian</a> families in Tennessee opposed the novel's inclusion in the public school syllabus and filed a lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECulver198897_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECulver198897-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They based their opposition to the novel on its depicting benevolent witches and promoting the belief that integral human attributes were "individually developed rather than God-given".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECulver198897_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECulver198897-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One parent said: "I do not want my children seduced into godless supernaturalism."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENathanson1991301_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENathanson1991301-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reasons included the novel's teaching that females are equal to males and that animals are personified and can speak. The judge ruled that when the novel was being discussed in class, the parents were allowed to have their children leave the classroom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramsZimmer2010105_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramsZimmer2010105-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> declared <i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> to be "America's greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale", also naming it the first American fantasy for children and one of the most-read children's books.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leonard Everett Fisher of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horn_Book_Magazine" title="The Horn Book Magazine">The Horn Book Magazine</a></i> wrote in 2000 that <i>Oz</i> has "a timeless message from a less complex era, and it continues to resonate". The challenge of valuing oneself during impending adversity has not, Fisher noted, lessened during the prior 100 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher2000739_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher2000739-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, in a 2002 review, Bill Delaney of <i>Salem Press</i> praised Baum for giving children the opportunity to discover magic in the mundane things in their everyday lives. He further commended Baum for teaching "millions of children to love reading during their crucial formative years".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelaney2002_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney2002-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012 it was ranked number 41 on a list of the top 100 children's novels published by <i><a href="/wiki/School_Library_Journal" title="School Library Journal">School Library Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2></div> <p>After George M. Hill's bankruptcy in 1902, copyright in the book passed to the <a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Company" title="Bobbs-Merrill Company">Bowen-Merrill Company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, which published most of Baum's other books from 1901 to 1903, both reprints (<i><a href="/wiki/Father_Goose,_His_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Father Goose, His Book">Father Goose, His Book</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Monarch_of_Mo" title="The Magical Monarch of Mo">The Magical Monarch of Mo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Fairy_Tales" title="American Fairy Tales">American Fairy Tales</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dot_and_Tot_of_Merryland" title="Dot and Tot of Merryland">Dot and Tot of Merryland</a></i>) and new works (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_Key_(Baum_novel)" title="The Master Key (Baum novel)">The Master Key</a></i>, <i>The Army Alphabet</i>, <i>The Navy Alphabet</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_and_Adventures_of_Santa_Claus" title="The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus">The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Island_of_Yew" title="The Enchanted Island of Yew">The Enchanted Island of Yew</a></i>, <i>The Songs of Father Goose</i>). Bowen-Merrill's 1903 edition initially had the title <i>The New Wizard of Oz</i>, to distinguish it from <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)">the 1902 musical</a>, which was by then better known than the original book and had a very different story.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum2000_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum2000-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "New" was quickly dropped in subsequent printings, leaving the now-familiar shortened title, <i>The Wizard of Oz</i>, and some minor textual changes were added, such as to "yellow daises", and changing a chapter title from "The Rescue" to "How the Four Were Reunited". The editions they published lacked most of the in-text color and color plates of the original. Many cost-cutting measures were implemented, including removal of some of the color printing without replacing it with black, printing nothing rather than the beard of the <a href="/wiki/Soldier_with_the_Green_Whiskers" title="Soldier with the Green Whiskers">Soldier with the Green Whiskers</a>. </p><p>When Baum filed for bankruptcy after his critically and popularly successful film and stage production <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairylogue_and_Radio-Plays" title="The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays">The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays</a></i> failed to make back its production costs, Baum lost the rights to all of the books published by what was now called Bobbs-Merrill, and they were licensed to the M. A. Donahue Company, which printed them in significantly cheaper "blotting paper" editions with advertising that directly competed with Baum's more recent books, published by the <a href="/wiki/Reilly_%26_Britton" title="Reilly & Britton">Reilly & Britton</a> Company, from which he was making his living, explicitly hurting sales of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Patchwork_Girl_of_Oz" title="The Patchwork Girl of Oz">The Patchwork Girl of Oz</a></i>, the new Oz book for 1913, to boost sales of <i>Wizard</i>, which Donahue called in a full-page ad in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Publishers%27_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Publishers' Weekly">The Publishers' Weekly</a></i> (June 28, 1913), Baum's "one pre-eminently great Juvenile Book". In a letter to Baum dated December 31, 1914, F. K. Reilly lamented that the average <a href="/wiki/Buyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyer">buyer</a> employed by a retail store would not understand why he should be expected to spend 75 cents for a copy of <i><a href="/wiki/Tik-Tok_of_Oz" title="Tik-Tok of Oz">Tik-Tok of Oz</a></i> when he could buy a copy of <i>Wizard</i> for between 33 and 36 cents. Baum had previously written a letter complaining about the Donahue deal, which he did not know about until it was fait accompli, and one of the investors who held <i>The Wizard of Oz</i> rights had inquired why the royalty was only five or six cents per copy, depending on quantity sold, which made no sense to Baum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreene197410–11_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene197410–11-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new edition from Bobbs-Merrill in 1949 illustrated by Evelyn Copelman, again titled <i>The New Wizard of Oz</i>, paid lip service to Denslow but was based strongly, apart from the Lion, on the MGM movie. Copelman had illustrated a new edition of <i>The Magical Monarch of Mo</i> two years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStillman1996_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStillman1996-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was not until the book entered the public domain in 1956 that new editions, either with the original color plates, or new illustrations, proliferated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977176_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977176-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A revised version of Copelman's artwork was published in a <a href="/wiki/Grosset_%26_Dunlap" title="Grosset & Dunlap">Grosset & Dunlap</a> edition, and Reilly & Lee (formerly Reilly & Britton) published an edition in line with the Oz sequels, which had previously treated <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i> as the first Oz book,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197720_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197720-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not having the publication rights to <i>Wizard</i>, with new illustrations by Dale Ulrey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197790_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197790-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ulrey had previously illustrated <a href="/wiki/Jack_Snow_(writer)" title="Jack Snow (writer)">Jack Snow</a>'s <i>Jaglon and the Tiger-Faries</i>, an expansion of a Baum short story "<a href="/wiki/Animal_Fairy_Tales" title="Animal Fairy Tales">The Story of Jaglon</a>", and a 1955 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Woodman_of_Oz" title="The Tin Woodman of Oz">The Tin Woodman of Oz</a></i>, though both sold poorly. Later Reilly & Lee editions used Denslow's original illustrations. </p><p>Notable more recent editions are the 1986 Pennyroyal edition illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Moser" title="Barry Moser">Barry Moser</a>, which was reprinted by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, and the 2000 <i>The Annotated Wizard of Oz</i> edited by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Patrick_Hearn" title="Michael Patrick Hearn">Michael Patrick Hearn</a> (heavily revised from a 1972 edition that was printed in a wide format that allowed for it to be a facsimile of the original edition with notes and additional illustrations at the sides), which was published by <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">W. W. Norton</a> and included all the original color illustrations, as well as supplemental artwork by <a href="/wiki/Denslow" class="mw-redirect" title="Denslow">Denslow</a>. Other centennial editions included <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>'s <i>Kansas Centennial Edition</i>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Michael_McCurdy" title="Michael McCurdy">Michael McCurdy</a> with black-and-white illustrations, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sabuda" title="Robert Sabuda">Robert Sabuda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">pop-up book</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sequels">Sequels</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">List of Oz books</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marvelous_land_of_oz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cover of The front cover of The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marvelous_land_of_oz.jpg/130px-Marvelous_land_of_oz.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marvelous_land_of_oz.jpg/195px-Marvelous_land_of_oz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marvelous_land_of_oz.jpg/260px-Marvelous_land_of_oz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ozbook03cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cover of Ozma of Oz 1907" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ozbook03cover.jpg/130px-Ozbook03cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ozbook03cover.jpg/195px-Ozbook03cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ozbook03cover.jpg/260px-Ozbook03cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i> (1904) and <i><a href="/wiki/Ozma_of_Oz" title="Ozma of Oz">Ozma of Oz</a></i> (1907) were the next entries in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">the series</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>Baum wrote <i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> without any thought of a sequel. After reading the novel, thousands of children wrote letters to him, requesting that he craft another story about Oz. In 1904, amid financial difficulties,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197717_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197717-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baum wrote and published the first sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197717_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197717-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> declaring that he grudgingly wrote the sequel to address the popular demand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittlefield196447–48_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlefield196447–48-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He dedicated the book to stage actors <a href="/wiki/Fred_Stone" title="Fred Stone">Fred Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_C._Montgomery" title="David C. Montgomery">David C. Montgomery</a> who played the characters of the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman on stage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197717_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197717-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baum wrote large roles for the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman that he deleted from the stage version, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Woggle-Bug_(musical)" title="The Woggle-Bug (musical)">The Woggle-Bug</a></i>, after Montgomery and Stone had balked at leaving a successful show to do a sequel. </p><p>Baum later wrote sequels in 1907, 1908, and 1909. In his 1910 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Emerald_City_of_Oz" title="The Emerald City of Oz">The Emerald City of Oz</a></i>, he wrote that he could not continue writing sequels because Ozland had lost contact with the rest of the world. The children refused to accept this story, so Baum, in 1913 and every year thereafter until his death in May 1919, wrote an <i>Oz</i> book, ultimately writing 13 sequels and half a dozen Oz short stories. </p><p>Baum explained the purpose of his novels in a note he penned to his sister, Mary Louise Brewster, in a copy of <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Goose_in_Prose" title="Mother Goose in Prose">Mother Goose in Prose</a></i> (1897), his first book. He wrote: "To please a child is a sweet and a lovely thing that warms one's heart and brings its own reward."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956BaumMacFall1961_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956BaumMacFall1961-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Baum's death in 1919, Baum's publishers delegated the creation of more sequels to <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Plumly_Thompson" title="Ruth Plumly Thompson">Ruth Plumly Thompson</a> who wrote 21.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelaney2002_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelaney2002-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An original <i>Oz</i> book was published every Christmas between 1913 and 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2000112_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2000112-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1956, five million copies of the <i>Oz</i> books had been published in the English language, while hundreds of thousands had been published in eight foreign languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Wizard_of_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz">Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer_2.jpg/180px-Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer_2.jpg/270px-Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer_2.jpg/360px-Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> as <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gale" title="Dorothy Gale">Dorothy</a> discovering that she and Toto are no longer in <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> has been adapted to other media numerous times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977Preface_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977Preface-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within several decades after its publication, the book had inspired a number of stage and screen adaptations, including a profitable <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_stage_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 stage play)">1902 Broadway musical</a> and three silent films. The most popular cinematic adaptation of the story is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a></i>, the 1939 film starring <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bolger" title="Ray Bolger">Ray Bolger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Haley" title="Jack Haley">Jack Haley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bert_Lahr" title="Bert Lahr">Bert Lahr</a>. The 1939 film was considered innovative because of its <a href="/wiki/Special_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Special effects">special effects</a> and revolutionary use of <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwiddy2009_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwiddy2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story has been translated into other languages (at least once without permission, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Volkov_(writer)" title="Alexander Volkov (writer)">Alexander Volkov</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_the_Emerald_City" title="The Wizard of the Emerald City">The Wizard of the Emerald City</a></i> novel and its sequels, which were translated into English by Sergei Sukhinov) and adapted into comics several times. Following the lapse of the original copyright, the characters have been adapted and reused in spin-offs, unofficial sequels, and reinterpretations, some of which have been controversial in their treatment of Baum's characters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum2000ci–cii_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum2000ci–cii-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_legacy">Influence and legacy</h2></div> <p><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> has become an established part of multiple cultures, spreading from its early young American readership to becoming known throughout the world. It has been translated or adapted into nearly every major language, at times being modified in local variations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977Preface_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977Preface-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, in some abridged Indian editions, the Tin Woodman was replaced with a horse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutter2000_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERutter2000-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Russia, a translation by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Melentyevich_Volkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Melentyevich Volkov">Alexander Melentyevich Volkov</a> produced six books, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_the_Emerald_City" title="The Wizard of the Emerald City">The Wizard of the Emerald City</a></i> series, which became progressively distanced from the Baum version, as Ellie and her dog Totoshka travel throughout the Magic Land. The <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">1939 film adaptation</a> has become a classic of popular culture, shown annually on American television from 1959 to 1998 and then several times a year every year beginning in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Adaptations2000_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Adaptations2000-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, the story was re-envisioned as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz" title="The Wiz">The Wiz</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> winning musical featuring an all-Black cast and set in the context of modern <a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">African-American culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin2015_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin2015-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977169_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin1977169-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This musical was adapted in 1978 as the feature film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz_(film)" title="The Wiz (film)">The Wiz</a></i>, a musical adventure fantasy produced by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motown_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Productions">Motown Productions</a>. </p><p>There were several <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> translations published in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. As established in the first translation and kept in later ones, the book's <i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Land of Oz</a></i> was rendered in Hebrew as <i>Eretz Uz</i> (ארץ עוץ)—i.e. the same as the original Hebrew name of the Biblical <i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Uz" title="Land of Uz">Land of Uz</a></i>, homeland of <a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>. Thus, for Hebrew readers, this translators' choice added a layer of Biblical connotations absent from the English original.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, "The Lost Art of Oz" project was initiated to locate and catalogue the surviving original artwork John R. Neill, <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">W. W. Denslow</a>, Frank Kramer, Richard "Dirk" Gringhuis, and Dick Martin that was created to illustrate the <i>Oz</i> book series.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, an <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> translation of the novel was used by a team of scientists to demonstrate a new method for encoding text in <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> that remains readable after repeated copying.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Texas_at_Austin2020_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Texas_at_Austin2020-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allegorical_analysis">Allegorical analysis</h2></div> <p>This book also seems to follow <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a>'s a "<a href="/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Faces" title="The Hero with a Thousand Faces">Hero with a thousand faces</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Hero%27s_journey" title="Hero's journey">monomyth</a>" theme. "To see The Wonderful Wizard of Oz simply as Dorothy's quest for a way to return to Kansas is to miss many of the sources of the books' strength, for like most quest heroes, Dorothy achieves far more than simply finding her way home."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>The Wizard of Oz</i> follows the course of the hero's journey in the structure of 'Departure', 'Initiation', and 'Return' which Campbell describes in <i>The Hero with a Thousand Faces</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allusions_to_19th-century_America">Allusions to 19th-century America</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_interpretations_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Populist_movement_(United_States,_19th_Century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist movement (United States, 19th Century)">Populist movement (United States, 19th Century)</a></div> <p>Many decades after its publication, Baum's work gave rise to a number of political interpretations, particularly in regards to the <a href="/wiki/Populist_movement_(United_States,_19th_Century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist movement (United States, 19th Century)">19th-century Populist movement</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitter1997Velde2002Rockoff1990_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitter1997Velde2002Rockoff1990-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1964 <i><a href="/wiki/American_Quarterly" title="American Quarterly">American Quarterly</a></i> article titled "The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDighe20022_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDighe20022-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> educator <a href="/wiki/Henry_Littlefield" title="Henry Littlefield">Henry Littlefield</a> posited that the book served an allegory for the late 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallism</a> debate regarding monetary policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDighe2002x_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDighe2002x-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittlefield196450_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittlefield196450-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Littlefield's thesis achieved some support but was widely criticized by others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker199449–63_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker199449–63-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders19911042–1050_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders19911042–1050-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner2002_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner2002-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other political interpretations soon followed. In 1971, historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Jensen" title="Richard J. Jensen">Richard J. Jensen</a> theorized in <i>The Winning of the Midwest</i> that "Oz" was derived from the common abbreviation for "ounce", used for denoting quantities of gold and silver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJensen1971283_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJensen1971283-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_literature" title="1900 in literature">1900 in literature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baum_Bugle" title="The Baum Bugle">The Baum Bugle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_and_the_Wizard_of_Oz" title="Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz">Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Wizard_of_Oz_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="International Wizard of Oz Club">Wizard of Oz Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Man_(miniseries)" title="Tin Man (miniseries)"><i>Tin Man</i> (miniseries)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wicked_(musical)" title="Wicked (musical)">Wicked</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Oz_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost in Oz (TV series)">Lost in Oz (TV series)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz" title="The Wiz">The Wiz</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaumDenslow1900-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaumDenslow1900_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaumDenslow1900">Baum & Denslow 1900</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreeneMartin1977">Greene & Martin 1977</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711–12-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197711–12_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreeneMartin1977">Greene & Martin 1977</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1900aT13_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1900a"><i>The New York Times</i> 1900a</a>, p. T13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''19039-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''19039_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1903"><i>The New York Times</i> 1903</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwiddy2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwiddy2009_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwiddy2009_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwiddy2009">Twiddy 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Exhibit2000">Library of Congress: Oz Exhibit 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers200273–94-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers200273–94_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2002">Rogers 2002</a>, pp. 73–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197714-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197714_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreeneMartin197714_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreeneMartin1977">Greene & Martin 1977</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacFall1956_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacFall1956">MacFall 1956</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerdon1991-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerdon1991_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerdon1991">Verdon 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum2000xlvii-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum2000xlvii_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaum2000">Baum 2000</a>, p. xlvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_Fairy_Stories1900-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENew_Fairy_Stories1900_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNew_Fairy_Stories1900">New Fairy Stories 1900</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarrett1954-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarrett1954_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarrett1954">Starrett 1954</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom19949-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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(1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jUlaAAAAMAAJ"><i>To Please a Child</i></a>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Reilly_%26_Britton" title="Reilly & Britton">Reilly & Lee</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Please+a+Child&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Reilly+%26+Lee&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Baum&rft.aufirst=Frank+Joslyn&rft.au=MacFall%2C+Russell+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjUlaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">Baum, Lyman Frank</a> (2000) [1973]. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Patrick_Hearn" title="Michael Patrick Hearn">Hearn, Michael Patrick</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bpkVEAaUuMkC"><i>The Annotated Wizard of Oz: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04992-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04992-2"><bdi>0-393-04992-2</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Wizard+of+Oz%3A+The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-393-04992-2&rft.aulast=Baum&rft.aufirst=Lyman+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbpkVEAaUuMkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumDenslow1900" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">Baum, L. Frank</a>; <a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">Denslow, W. W.</a> (1900). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wonderfulwizardo00baumiala"><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum with Pictures by W. W. Denslow</i></a></span>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/George_M._Hill_Company" title="George M. Hill Company">George M. Hill Company</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz+by+L.+Frank+Baum+with+Pictures+by+W.+W.+Denslow&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=George+M.+Hill+Company&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Baum&rft.aufirst=L.+Frank&rft.au=Denslow%2C+W.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwonderfulwizardo00baumiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2003" class="citation journal cs1">Berman, Ruth (November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/review_essays/parret91.htm">"The Wizardry of Oz"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Studies" title="Science Fiction Studies">Science Fiction Studies</a></i>. <b>30</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a>: 504–509. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101002142109/http://www.depauw.edu/SFs/review_essays/parret91.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Fiction+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Wizardry+of+Oz&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=504-509&rft.date=2003-11&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.depauw.edu%2Fsfs%2Freview_essays%2Fparret91.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom, Harold</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pym5AAAAIAAJ"><i>Classic Fantasy Writers</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House Publishers">Chelsea House Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7910-2204-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7910-2204-8"><bdi>0-7910-2204-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classic+Fantasy+Writers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-7910-2204-8&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPym5AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1900b" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1900/09/08/archives/books-and-authors.html">"Books and Authors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. September 8, 1900b. p. BR12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Books+and+Authors&rft.pages=BR12&rft.date=1900-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1900%2F09%2F08%2Farchives%2Fbooks-and-authors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterShirley1992" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, Angelica Shirley; Shirley, Jean (1992). <i>L. Frank Baum: Royal Historian of Oz</i>. Minneapolis: <a href="/wiki/Lerner_Publishing_Group" title="Lerner Publishing Group">Lerner Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8225-9617-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8225-9617-2"><bdi>0-8225-9617-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L.+Frank+Baum%3A+Royal+Historian+of+Oz&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Lerner+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8225-9617-2&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Angelica+Shirley&rft.au=Shirley%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulver1988" class="citation journal cs1">Culver, Stuart (1988). "What Manikins Want: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Art of Decorating Dry Goods Windows". <i>Representations</i> (21). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>: 97–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2928378">10.2307/2928378</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2928378">2928378</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Representations&rft.atitle=What+Manikins+Want%3A+The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz+and+The+Art+of+Decorating+Dry+Goods+Windows&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=97-116&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2928378&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2928378%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Culver&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaney2002" class="citation web cs1">Delaney, Bill (March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718174627/http://salempress.com/store/samples/classics_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_literature/classics_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_literature_the_wonderful_wizard_of_oz.htm">"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"</a>. Salem Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salempress.com/store/samples/classics_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_literature/classics_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_literature_the_wonderful_wizard_of_oz.htm">the original</a> on July 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=2002-03&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsalempress.com%2Fstore%2Fsamples%2Fclassics_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_literature%2Fclassics_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_literature_the_wonderful_wizard_of_oz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDighe2002" class="citation book cs1">Dighe, Ranjit S. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WK3KHptGihwC"><i>The Historian's Wizard of Oz: Reading L. Frank Baum's Classic as a Political and Monetary Allegory</i></a>. 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McLean County Museum of History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Louise+Gage+%28June+11%2C+1898+%E2%80%93+November+15%2C+1898%29&rft.pub=McLean+County+Museum+of+History&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Elleson&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmchistory.org%2Fresearch%2Fbiographies%2Fgage-dorothy-louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEriksmoen2020" class="citation web cs1">Eriksmoen, Curt (July 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedickinsonpress.com/entertainment/books/6563278-Eriksmoen-North-Dakota-girl-was-the-likely-inspiration-for-Dorothy-in-The-Wizard-of-Oz">"North Dakota girl was the likely inspiration for Dorothy in 'The Wizard of Oz'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dickinson_Press" title="The Dickinson Press">The Dickinson Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dickinson+Press&rft.atitle=North+Dakota+girl+was+the+likely+inspiration+for+Dorothy+in+%27The+Wizard+of+Oz%27&rft.date=2020-07-11&rft.aulast=Eriksmoen&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedickinsonpress.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2F6563278-Eriksmoen-North-Dakota-girl-was-the-likely-inspiration-for-Dorothy-in-The-Wizard-of-Oz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2000" class="citation journal cs1">Fisher, Leonard Everett (2000). "Future Classics: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horn_Book_Magazine" title="The Horn Book Magazine">The Horn Book Magazine</a></i>. <b>76</b> (6). 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East Lansing: <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University_Press" title="Michigan State University Press">Michigan State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870133664" title="Special:BookSources/9780870133664"><bdi>9780870133664</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wizard+of+Oz+and+Who+He+Was&rft.place=East+Lansing&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780870133664&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Nye%2C+Russel+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYapWvwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2002" class="citation web cs1">Gardner, Todd (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416002454/http://turnmeondeadman.org/OZ/Responses.php">"Responses to Littlefield"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turnmeondeadman.org/OZ/Responses.php">the original</a> on April 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Responses+to+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturnmeondeadman.org%2FOZ%2FResponses.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGourley1999" class="citation book cs1">Gourley, Catherine (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mediawizardsbehi00gour"><i>Media Wizards: A Behind-the-Scene Look at Media Manipulations</i></a></span>. Brookfield, CT: <a href="/wiki/Lerner_Publishing_Group#Twenty-First_Century_Books" title="Lerner Publishing Group">Twenty-First Century Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7613-0967-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7613-0967-5"><bdi>0-7613-0967-5</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Media+Wizards%3A+A+Behind-the-Scene+Look+at+Media+Manipulations&rft.place=Brookfield%2C+CT&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7613-0967-5&rft.aulast=Gourley&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmediawizardsbehi00gour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene1974" class="citation journal cs1">Greene, David L. (Spring 1974). "A Case of Insult". <i>The Baum Bugle</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baum+Bugle&rft.atitle=A+Case+of+Insult&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10-11&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreeneMartin1977" class="citation book cs1">Greene, David L.; Martin, Dick (1977). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ozscrapbook00gree"><i>The Oz Scrapbook</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-41054-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-41054-8"><bdi>0-394-41054-8</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oz+Scrapbook&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-394-41054-8&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fozscrapbook00gree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Hanff, Peter E.; Greene, Douglas G. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u2InAQAAIAAJ"><i>Bibliographia Oziana: A Concise Bibliographical Checklist</i></a>. The International Wizard of Oz Club. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-930764-03-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-930764-03-3"><bdi>978-1-930764-03-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliographia+Oziana%3A+A+Concise+Bibliographical+Checklist&rft.pub=The+International+Wizard+of+Oz+Club&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-1-930764-03-3&rft.aulast=Hanff&rft.aufirst=Peter+E.&rft.au=Greene%2C+Douglas+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du2InAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hansen, Bradley A. (2002). "The Fable of the Allegory: The Wizard of Oz in Economics". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Education" title="Journal of Economic Education">Journal of Economic Education</a></i>. <b>33</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 254–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00220480209595190">10.1080/00220480209595190</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1183440">1183440</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15781425">15781425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Education&rft.atitle=The+Fable+of+the+Allegory%3A+The+Wizard+of+Oz+in+Economics&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=254-264&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15781425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1183440%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00220480209595190&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Bradley+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Jensen" title="Richard J. Jensen">Jensen, Richard J.</a> (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/71JensenWinningofmidwest"><i>The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896</i></a></span>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-39825-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-39825-0"><bdi>0-226-39825-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/71-149802">71-149802</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winning+of+the+Midwest%3A+Social+and+Political+Conflict%2C+1888%E2%80%931896&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F71-149802&rft.isbn=0-226-39825-0&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F71JensenWinningofmidwest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittlefield1964" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Littlefield" title="Henry Littlefield">Littlefield, Henry M.</a> (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819173851/http://www.amphigory.com/oz.htm">"The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Quarterly" title="American Quarterly">American Quarterly</a></i>. <b>16</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>: 47–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2710826">10.2307/2710826</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2710826">2710826</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amphigory.com/oz.htm">the original</a> on August 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Wizard+of+Oz%3A+Parable+on+Populism&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-58&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2710826&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2710826%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Littlefield&rft.aufirst=Henry+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amphigory.com%2Foz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2015" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Michel (December 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2015/12/19/460313984/the-wiz-live-defied-the-skeptics-returns-for-a-second-round">"The Wiz Live! Defied The Skeptics, Returns for a Second Round"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125162806/http://www.npr.org/2015/12/19/460313984/the-wiz-live-defied-the-skeptics-returns-for-a-second-round">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wiz+Live%21+Defied+The+Skeptics%2C+Returns+for+a+Second+Round&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2015-12-20&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2015%2F12%2F19%2F460313984%2Fthe-wiz-live-defied-the-skeptics-returns-for-a-second-round&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacFall1956" class="citation news cs1">MacFall, Russell (May 13, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5uZYJbv6d?url=http://image2.newsbank.com/img-ctha/clip/1956/05/13/19560513C007270011100013.pdf">"He created 'The Wizard': L. Frank Baum, Whose Oz Books Have Gladdened Millions, Was Born 100 Years Ago Tuesday"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://image2.newsbank.com/img-ctha/clip/1956/05/13/19560513C007270011100013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=He+created+%27The+Wizard%27%3A+L.+Frank+Baum%2C+Whose+Oz+Books+Have+Gladdened+Millions%2C+Was+Born+100+Years+Ago+Tuesday&rft.date=1956-05-13&rft.aulast=MacFall&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimage2.newsbank.com%2Fimg-ctha%2Fclip%2F1956%2F05%2F13%2F19560513C007270011100013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendelsohn1986" class="citation news cs1">Mendelsohn, Ink (May 25, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QtwRAAAAIBAJ&pg=3435,6178650&dq=as-a-piece-of-fantasy-baum's-life-was-a-working-model">"As a piece of fantasy, Baum's life was a working model"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a></i> (Sunday ed.). p. E12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=As+a+piece+of+fantasy%2C+Baum%27s+life+was+a+working+model&rft.pages=E12&rft.date=1986-05-25&rft.aulast=Mendelsohn&rft.aufirst=Ink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DQtwRAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3435%2C6178650%26dq%3Das-a-piece-of-fantasy-baum%27s-life-was-a-working-model&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1900a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1900/10/27/archives/notes-and-news.html">"Notes and News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 27, 1900. p. T13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Notes+and+News&rft.pages=T13&rft.date=1900-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1900%2F10%2F27%2Farchives%2Fnotes-and-news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathanson1991" class="citation book cs1">Nathanson, Paul (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/overrainbowwizar0000nath"><i>Over the Rainbow: The Wizard of Oz as a Secular Myth of America</i></a></span>. Albany: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-0709-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-0709-8"><bdi>0-7914-0709-8</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Over+the+Rainbow%3A+The+Wizard+of+Oz+as+a+Secular+Myth+of+America&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-7914-0709-8&rft.aulast=Nathanson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foverrainbowwizar0000nath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Fairy_Stories1900" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5wD5RJlqr?url=http://imgcache.newsbank.com/cache/ean/fullsize/pl_002022011_2025_31199_120.pdf">"New Fairy Stories: "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" by Authors of "Father Goose."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Grand Rapids Herald</i>. September 16, 1900. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imgcache.newsbank.com/cache/ean/fullsize/pl_002022011_2025_31199_120.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grand+Rapids+Herald&rft.atitle=New+Fairy+Stories%3A+%22The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz%22+by+Authors+of+%22Father+Goose.%22&rft.date=1900-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimgcache.newsbank.com%2Fcache%2Fean%2Ffullsize%2Fpl_002022011_2025_31199_120.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1994" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, David B (1994). 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(1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ozbeyondfantasyw0000rile"><i>Oz and Beyond: The Fantasy World of L. 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"Silver slippers and a golden cap: L. 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"The 'Wizard of Oz' as a Monetary Allegory". <i>Journal of Political Economy</i>. <b>98</b> (4): 739–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F261704">10.1086/261704</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153606670">153606670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=The+%27Wizard+of+Oz%27+as+a+Monetary+Allegory&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=739-60&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F261704&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153606670%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rockoff&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2002" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Katharine M. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lfrankbaumcreato00roge"><i>L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-30174-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-30174-X"><bdi>0-312-30174-X</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L.+Frank+Baum%3A+Creator+of+Oz.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-312-30174-X&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Katharine+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flfrankbaumcreato00roge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutter2000" class="citation speech cs1">Rutter, Richard (June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000610131638/http://www.geocities.com/~ozfan/ozcenten.htm"><i>Follow the yellow brick road to...</i></a> (Speech). Indiana Memorial Union, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. 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April 21, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207210214/http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/oz/">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wizard+of+Oz%3A+An+American+Fairy+Tale&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2000-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fexhibits%2Foz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress:_Oz_Adaptations2000" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/oz/ozsect2.html">"To See The Wizard: Oz on Stage and Film"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></i>. 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110405231433/http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/oz/ozsect2.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=To+See+The+Wizard%3A+Oz+on+Stage+and+Film&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fexhibits%2Foz%2Fozsect2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwiddy2009" class="citation news cs1">Twiddy, David (September 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jacksonville.com/entertainment/movies/2009-09-23/story/wizard_of_oz_goes_hi_def_for_70th_birthday">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Wizard of Oz' goes hi-def for 70th anniversary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Florida_Times-Union" title="The Florida Times-Union">The Florida Times-Union</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120813092925/http://jacksonville.com/entertainment/movies/2009-09-23/story/wizard_of_oz_goes_hi_def_for_70th_birthday">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Florida+Times-Union&rft.atitle=%27Wizard+of+Oz%27+goes+hi-def+for+70th+anniversary&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft.aulast=Twiddy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjacksonville.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2F2009-09-23%2Fstory%2Fwizard_of_oz_goes_hi_def_for_70th_birthday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Texas_at_Austin2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2020-07-power-dna.html">"Power of DNA to store information gets an upgrade"</a>. <i>Physics.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Physics.org&rft.atitle=Power+of+DNA+to+store+information+gets+an+upgrade&rft.au=University+of+Texas+at+Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2020-07-power-dna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelde2002" class="citation journal cs1">Velde, Francois R. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000776148">"Following the Yellow Brick Road: How the United States Adopted the Gold Standard"</a>. <i>Economic Perspectives</i>. <b>26</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Following+the+Yellow+Brick+Road%3A+How+the+United+States+Adopted+the+Gold+Standard&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Velde&rft.aufirst=Francois+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D5000776148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerdon1991" class="citation book cs1">Verdon, Michael (1991). <i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i>. Salem Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Verdon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagman-Geller2008" class="citation book cs1">Wagman-Geller, Marlene (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SjYHYOtQiwIC"><i>Once Again to Zelda: The Stories Behind Literature's Most Intriguing Dedications</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-53462-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-53462-1"><bdi>978-0-399-53462-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Once+Again+to+Zelda%3A+The+Stories+Behind+Literature%27s+Most+Intriguing+Dedications&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-399-53462-1&rft.aulast=Wagman-Geller&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSjYHYOtQiwIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Watson, Bruce (2000). "The Amazing Author of Oz". <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a></i>. <b>31</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>: 112. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7333">0037-7333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=The+Amazing+Author+of+Oz&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=112&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=0037-7333&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Minnesota2006" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090601133219/http://special.lib.umn.edu/clrc/oz/index.php">"Welcome to the Oz Collection: Pictures by Evelyn Copelman"</a>. <i>Children's Literature Research Collection</i>. University of Minnesota Libraries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://special.lib.umn.edu/clrc/oz/index.php">the original</a> on June 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Literature+Research+Collection&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Oz+Collection%3A+Pictures+by+Evelyn+Copelman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecial.lib.umn.edu%2Fclrc%2Foz%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Plate detached. Public Domain – Charles E. Young Research Library, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a>. at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rbc3&fileName=rbc0001_2006gen32405page.db&recNum=0">Online version of the 1900 first edition</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> website.</li></ul></li> <li>Audio: <ul><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=The+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz&author=Baum&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080628203940/http://wiredforbooks.org/oz/"><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</i> by L. Frank Baum</a>, an unabridged dramatic audio performance at <a href="/wiki/Wired_for_Books" title="Wired for Books">Wired for Books</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Miller, John J. (May 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114729872294849429">"Down the Yellow Brick Road of Over-interpretation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Down+the+Yellow+Brick+Road+of+Over-interpretation&rft.date=2006-05-11&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB114729872294849429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140807064333/http://scream-it-loud.com/articles/film-retrospectives/a-long-and-dangerous-journey-a-history-of-the-wizard-of-oz-on-the-silver-screen/">A Long and Dangerous Journey – A History of <i>The Wizard of Oz</i> on the Silver Screen</a> – Scream-It-Loud.com</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Elleson, Lisa (February 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071759/http://www.mchistory.org/research/resources/dorothy-gage.php">"Dorothy Louise Gage (June 11, 1898 – November 15, 1898)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/McLean_County_Museum_of_History" title="McLean County Museum of History">McLean County Museum of History</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mchistory.org/research/resources/dorothy-gage.php">the original</a> on May 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Louise+Gage+%28June+11%2C+1898+%E2%80%93+November+15%2C+1898%29&rft.pub=McLean+County+Museum+of+History&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.aulast=Elleson&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mchistory.org%2Fresearch%2Fresources%2Fdorothy-gage.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wonderful+Wizard+of+Oz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUmuwyhWkW4"><i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Full Story</i></a>, a faithful animated narration by Little Fox.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">The <i>Oz</i> books</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="33%">Previous book:<br /><i><b>N/A</b></i> </td> <td width="34%"><i><b>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</b></i><br />1900 </td> <td width="33%">Next book:<br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></b></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_by_L._Frank_Baum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oz" title="Template:Oz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oz" title="Template talk:Oz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_by_L._Frank_Baum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible {{{state}}} navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Books" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">Books</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozma_of_Oz" title="Ozma of Oz">Ozma of Oz</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_and_the_Wizard_in_Oz" title="Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz">Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Oz" title="The Road to Oz">The Road to Oz</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emerald_City_of_Oz" title="The Emerald City of Oz">The Emerald City of Oz</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Patchwork_Girl_of_Oz" title="The Patchwork Girl of Oz">The Patchwork Girl of Oz</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tik-Tok_of_Oz" title="Tik-Tok of Oz">Tik-Tok of Oz</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarecrow_of_Oz" title="The Scarecrow of Oz">The Scarecrow of Oz</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rinkitink_in_Oz" title="Rinkitink in Oz">Rinkitink in Oz</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Princess_of_Oz" title="The Lost Princess of Oz">The Lost Princess of Oz</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Woodman_of_Oz" title="The Tin Woodman of Oz">The Tin Woodman of Oz</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_of_Oz" title="The Magic of Oz">The Magic of Oz</a></i> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glinda_of_Oz" title="Glinda of Oz">Glinda of Oz</a></i> (1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thompson</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Book_of_Oz" title="The Royal Book of Oz">The Royal Book of Oz</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kabumpo_in_Oz" title="Kabumpo in Oz">Kabumpo in Oz</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cowardly_Lion_of_Oz" title="The Cowardly Lion of Oz">The Cowardly Lion of Oz</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grampa_in_Oz" title="Grampa in Oz">Grampa in Oz</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_King_of_Oz" title="The Lost King of Oz">The Lost King of Oz</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hungry_Tiger_of_Oz" title="The Hungry Tiger of Oz">The Hungry Tiger of Oz</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gnome_King_of_Oz" title="The Gnome King of Oz">The Gnome King of Oz</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Giant_Horse_of_Oz" title="The Giant Horse of Oz">The Giant Horse of Oz</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pumpkinhead_of_Oz" title="Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz">Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Knight_of_Oz" title="The Yellow Knight of Oz">The Yellow Knight of Oz</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirates_in_Oz" title="Pirates in Oz">Pirates in Oz</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Prince_of_Oz" title="The Purple Prince of Oz">The Purple Prince of Oz</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ojo_in_Oz" title="Ojo in Oz">Ojo in Oz</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speedy_in_Oz" title="Speedy in Oz">Speedy in Oz</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wishing_Horse_of_Oz" title="The Wishing Horse of Oz">The Wishing Horse of Oz</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Salt_in_Oz" title="Captain Salt in Oz">Captain Salt in Oz</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handy_Mandy_in_Oz" title="Handy Mandy in Oz">Handy Mandy in Oz</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Princess_in_Oz" title="The Silver Princess in Oz">The Silver Princess in Oz</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozoplaning_with_the_Wizard_of_Oz" title="Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz">Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yankee_in_Oz" title="Yankee in Oz">Yankee in Oz</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Island_of_Oz" title="The Enchanted Island of Oz">The Enchanted Island of Oz</a></i> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonder_City_of_Oz" title="The Wonder City of Oz">The Wonder City of Oz</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scalawagons_of_Oz" title="The Scalawagons of Oz">The Scalawagons of Oz</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Bucky_in_Oz" title="Lucky Bucky in Oz">Lucky Bucky in Oz</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Mimics_in_Oz" title="The Magical Mimics in Oz">The Magical Mimics in Oz</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shaggy_Man_of_Oz" title="The Shaggy Man of Oz">The Shaggy Man of Oz</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hidden_Valley_of_Oz" title="The Hidden Valley of Oz">The Hidden Valley of Oz</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merry_Go_Round_in_Oz" title="Merry Go Round in Oz">Merry Go Round in Oz</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forbidden_Fountain_of_Oz" title="The Forbidden Fountain of Oz">The Forbidden Fountain of Oz</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ozmapolitan_of_Oz" title="The Ozmapolitan of Oz">The Ozmapolitan of Oz</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wicked_Witch_of_Oz" title="The Wicked Witch of Oz">The Wicked Witch of Oz</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Giant_Garden_of_Oz" title="The Giant Garden of Oz">The Giant Garden of Oz</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Runaway_in_Oz" title="The Runaway in Oz">The Runaway in Oz</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rundelstone_of_Oz" title="The Rundelstone of Oz">The Rundelstone of Oz</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emerald_Wand_of_Oz" title="The Emerald Wand of Oz">The Emerald Wand of Oz</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trouble_Under_Oz" title="Trouble Under Oz">Trouble Under Oz</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Monarch_of_Mo" title="The Magical Monarch of Mo">The Magical Monarch of Mo</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dot_and_Tot_of_Merryland" title="Dot and Tot of Merryland">Dot and Tot of Merryland</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_and_Adventures_of_Santa_Claus" title="The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus">The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Zixi_of_Ix" title="Queen Zixi of Ix">Queen Zixi of Ix</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Dough_and_the_Cherub" title="John Dough and the Cherub">John Dough and the Cherub</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Fairies" title="The Sea Fairies">The Sea Fairies</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sky_Island" title="Sky Island">Sky Island</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Wizard_Stories_of_Oz" title="Little Wizard Stories of Oz">Little Wizard Stories of Oz</a></i> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_characters_(created_by_Baum)" title="List of Oz characters (created by Baum)">Baum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gale" title="Dorothy Gale">Dorothy Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_(Oz)" title="Toto (Oz)">Toto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Em" title="Aunt Em">Aunt Em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Henry_(Oz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncle Henry (Oz)">Uncle Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ozma" title="Princess Ozma">Princess Ozma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_Oz_(character)" title="Wizard of Oz (character)">Wizard of Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(Oz)" title="Scarecrow (Oz)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Woodman" title="Tin Woodman">Tin Woodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowardly_Lion" title="Cowardly Lion">Cowardly Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinda" title="Glinda">Glinda, the Good Witch of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Witch_of_the_North_(Baum)" title="Good Witch of the North (Baum)">Good Witch of the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_Witch_of_the_East" title="Wicked Witch of the East">Wicked Witch of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_Witch_of_the_West" title="Wicked Witch of the West">Wicked Witch of the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billina" title="Billina">Billina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_Cat" title="Glass Cat">Glass Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pumpkinhead" title="Jack Pumpkinhead">Jack Pumpkinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellia_Jamb" title="Jellia Jamb">Jellia Jamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjur" title="Jinjur">Jinjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dough" title="John Dough">John Dough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombi" title="Mombi">Mombi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchkin" title="Munchkin">Munchkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_King" title="Nome King">Nome King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoria" title="Pastoria">Pastoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchwork_Girl" title="Patchwork Girl">Patchwork Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychrome_(Oz)" title="Polychrome (Oz)">Polychrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Lurline" title="Queen Lurline">Queen Lurline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaggy_Man" title="Shaggy Man">Shaggy Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier_with_the_Green_Whiskers" title="Soldier with the Green Whiskers">Soldier with the Green Whiskers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tik-Tok_(Oz)" title="Tik-Tok (Oz)">Tik-Tok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_monkeys" title="Winged monkeys">Winged monkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woggle-Bug" title="Woggle-Bug">Woggle-Bug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_characters_(post-Baum)" title="List of Oz characters (post-Baum)">Post-Baum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinnicky_the_Red_Jinn" title="Jinnicky the Red Jinn">Jinnicky the Red Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabumpo" title="Kabumpo">Kabumpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brown_(Oz)" title="Peter Brown (Oz)">Peter Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elphaba" title="Elphaba">Elphaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Land of Oz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_City" title="Emerald City">Emerald City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillikin_Country" title="Gillikin Country">Gillikin Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchkin_Country" title="Munchkin Country">Munchkin Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadling_Country" title="Quadling Country">Quadling Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkie_Country" title="Winkie Country">Winkie Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_brick_road" title="Yellow brick road">Yellow brick road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Desert" title="Deadly Desert">Deadly Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Ev" title="Land of Ev">Land of Ev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merryland_(Oz)" title="Merryland (Oz)">Merryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_slippers" title="Ruby slippers">Ruby slippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Shoes" title="Silver Shoes">Silver shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Plumly_Thompson" title="Ruth Plumly Thompson">Ruth Plumly Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Neill" title="John R. Neill">John R. Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Snow_(writer)" title="Jack Snow (writer)">Jack Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Cosgrove_Payes" title="Rachel Cosgrove Payes">Rachel Cosgrove Payes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloise_Jarvis_McGraw" title="Eloise Jarvis McGraw">Eloise Jarvis McGraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Martin_(artist)" title="Dick Martin (artist)">Dick Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Volkov_(writer)" title="Alexander Volkov (writer)">Alexander Volkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shanower" title="Eric Shanower">Eric Shanower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Maguire" title="Gregory Maguire">Gregory Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Smith" title="Sherwood Smith">Sherwood Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_S._Baum" title="Roger S. Baum">Roger S. Baum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illustrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._W._Denslow" title="W. W. Denslow">William Wallace Denslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Neill" title="John R. Neill">John R. Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kramer_(artist)" title="Frank Kramer (artist)">Frank Kramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Gringhuis" title="Dirk Gringhuis">Dirk Gringhuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Martin_(artist)" title="Dick Martin (artist)">Dick Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Vladimirsky" title="Leonid Vladimirsky">Leonid Vladimirsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shanower" title="Eric Shanower">Eric Shanower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stout" title="William Stout">William Stout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_interpretations_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">Political interpretations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_and_related_works_in_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States">Copyright status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible {{{state}}} navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adaptations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="Adaptations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">Adaptations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woggle-Bug_(musical)" title="The Woggle-Bug (musical)">The Woggle-Bug</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tik-Tok_Man_of_Oz" title="The Tik-Tok Man of Oz">The Tik-Tok Man of Oz</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1942_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz" title="The Wiz">The Wiz</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz_(musical)" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz (musical)">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1987_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_A.I.D.S." title="The Wizard of A.I.D.S.">The Wizard of A.I.D.S.</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twister_(play)" title="Twister (play)">Twister</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wicked_(musical)" title="Wicked (musical)">Wicked</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(2011_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woodsman_(play)" title="The Woodsman (play)">The Woodsman</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairylogue_and_Radio-Plays" title="The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays">The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_(1910_film)" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Patchwork_Girl_of_Oz_(film)" title="The Patchwork Girl of Oz (film)">The Patchwork Girl of Oz</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Cloak_of_Oz" title="The Magic Cloak of Oz">The Magic Cloak of Oz</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty,_the_Scarecrow_of_Oz" title="His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz">His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1925_film)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1933_film)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1950_film)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1950 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rainbow_Road_to_Oz" title="The Rainbow Road to Oz">The Rainbow Road to Oz</a></i> (unproduced)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Oz_(TV_special)" title="Return to Oz (TV special)">Return to Oz</a></i> (1964, TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Mars" title="The Wizard of Mars">The Wizard of Mars</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Land_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Land of Oz">The Wonderful Land of Oz</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fecik_ve_Sihirli_C%C3%BCceler_R%C3%BCyalar_%C3%9Clkesinde" title="Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde">Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_Back_to_Oz" title="Journey Back to Oz">Journey Back to Oz</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oz_(1976_film)" title="Oz (1976 film)">Oz</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz_(film)" title="The Wiz (film)">The Wiz</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1982_film)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1982 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Os_Trapalh%C3%B5es_e_o_M%C3%A1gico_de_Or%C3%B3z" title="Os Trapalhões e o Mágico de Oróz">Os Trapalhões e o Mágico de Oróz</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Oz" title="Return to Oz">Return to Oz</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Meets_Ozma_of_Oz" title="Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz">Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamer_of_Oz:_The_L._Frank_Baum_Story" title="The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story">The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_in_Concert:_Dreams_Come_True" title="The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True">The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Oz" title="Lion of Oz">Lion of Oz</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muppets%27_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Muppets' Wizard of Oz">The Muppets' Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_Oz" title="Apocalypse Oz">Apocalypse Oz</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_the_Wizard" title="After the Wizard">After the Wizard</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry_and_the_Wizard_of_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz">Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_and_the_Witches_of_Oz" title="Dorothy and the Witches of Oz">Dorothy and the Witches of Oz</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oz_the_Great_and_Powerful" title="Oz the Great and Powerful">Oz the Great and Powerful</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legends_of_Oz:_Dorothy%27s_Return" title="Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return">Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OzLand" title="OzLand">OzLand</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_Oz" title="Guardians of Oz">Guardians of Oz</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz_Live!" title="The Wiz Live!">The Wiz Live!</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry:_Back_to_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz">Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Steam_Engines_of_Oz" title="The Steam Engines of Oz">The Steam Engines of Oz</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_(2022_film)" title="Rainbow (2022 film)">Rainbow</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wicked_(2024_film)" title="Wicked (2024 film)">Wicked</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wicked_Part_Two" title="Wicked Part Two">Wicked Part Two</a></i> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Wizard_of_Oz" title="Tales of the Wizard of Oz">Tales of the Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Off_to_See_the_Wizard" title="Off to See the Wizard">Off to See the Wizard</a></i> (1967–68)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_(TV_series)" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (TV series)">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1986–87)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(TV_series)" title="The Wizard of Oz (TV series)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Galaxy_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz">The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz</a></i> (1992–93)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oz_Kids" title="The Oz Kids">The Oz Kids</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tin_Man_(miniseries)" title="Tin Man (miniseries)">Tin Man</a></i> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_Odd" title="Wizard of Odd">Wizard of Odd</a>" (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a></i> (2011–18)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Oz" title="Lost in Oz">Lost in Oz</a></i> (2015–18)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emerald_City_(TV_series)" title="Emerald City (TV series)">Emerald City</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_and_the_Wizard_of_Oz" title="Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz">Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2017–20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_the_Emerald_City" title="The Wizard of the Emerald City">The Wizard of the Emerald City</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Barnstormer_in_Oz" title="A Barnstormer in Oz">A Barnstormer in Oz</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mister_Tinker_in_Oz" title="Mister Tinker in Oz">Mister Tinker in Oz</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_of_Oz_(book)" title="Dorothy of Oz (book)">Dorothy of Oz</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Harold_and_the_Gnome_King" title="Sir Harold and the Gnome King">Sir Harold and the Gnome King</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Was_(novel)" title="Was (novel)">Was</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Ann_in_Oz" title="Queen Ann in Oz">Queen Ann in Oz</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Dishpan_of_Oz" title="The Magic Dishpan of Oz">The Magic Dishpan of Oz</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wicked_Years" title="The Wicked Years">The Wicked Years</a></i> series (1995–2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visitors_from_Oz" title="Visitors from Oz">Visitors from Oz</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradox_in_Oz" title="Paradox in Oz">Paradox in Oz</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oz_Before_the_Rainbow" title="Oz Before the Rainbow">Oz Before the Rainbow</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hidden_Prince_of_Oz" title="The Hidden Prince of Oz">The Hidden Prince of Oz</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Witches_of_Oz" title="The Unknown Witches of Oz">The Unknown Witches of Oz</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bloodstained_Oz" title="Bloodstained Oz">Bloodstained Oz</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Order_of_the_Gumm_Street_Girls" title="The Secret Order of the Gumm Street Girls">The Secret Order of the Gumm Street Girls</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Must_Die" title="Dorothy Must Die">Dorothy Must Die</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wicked_Will_Rise" title="The Wicked Will Rise">The Wicked Will Rise</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Queer_Visitors_from_the_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz">Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i> (1904–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Oz" title="Adventures in Oz">Adventures in Oz</a></i> (1986–92)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Apples_of_Oz" title="The Enchanted Apples of Oz">The Enchanted Apples of Oz</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oz_Squad" title="Oz Squad">Oz Squad</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_Girls_(graphic_novel)" title="Lost Girls (graphic novel)">Lost Girls</a></i> (1991–92)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_(comics)" title="Dorothy (comics)">Dorothy</a></i> (2004–07)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_(2005_graphic_novel)" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2005 graphic novel)">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Crossing" title="Cheshire Crossing">Cheshire Crossing</a></i> (2006–19)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_(2009_comics)" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2009 comics)">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz_(comics)" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz (comics)">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1985_video_game)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1985 video game)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1993_video_game)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1993 video game)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz:_Beyond_the_Yellow_Brick_Road" title="The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road">The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emerald_City_Confidential" title="Emerald City Confidential">Emerald City Confidential</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ripened_Tingle%27s_Balloon_Trip_of_Love" title="Ripened Tingle's Balloon Trip of Love">Ripened Tingle's Balloon Trip of Love</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(arcade_game)" title="The Wizard of Oz (arcade game)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(pinball)" title="The Wizard of Oz (pinball)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Oz_Film_Manufacturing_Company" title="The Oz Film Manufacturing Company">The Oz Film Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Wizard_of_Oz_Club" title="The International Wizard of Oz Club">The International <i>Wizard of Oz</i> Club</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baum_Bugle" title="The Baum Bugle">The Baum Bugle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oz_Park" title="Oz Park">Oz Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz_(theme_park)" title="Land of Oz (theme park)">Land of Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_Oz_festival" title="Wizard of Oz festival"><i>Wizard of Oz</i> festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_Oz_Museum" title="Wizard of Oz Museum"><i>Wizard of Oz</i> Museum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oz-story_Magazine" title="Oz-story Magazine">Oz-story Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Oz_(franchise)" title="Category:Oz (franchise)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="L._Frank_Baum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:L._Frank_Baum" title="Template:L. Frank Baum"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:L._Frank_Baum" title="Template talk:L. Frank Baum"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:L._Frank_Baum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:L. Frank Baum"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="L._Frank_Baum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum_bibliography" title="L. Frank Baum bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Monarch_of_Mo" title="The Magical Monarch of Mo">The Magical Monarch of Mo</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dot_and_Tot_of_Merryland" title="Dot and Tot of Merryland">Dot and Tot of Merryland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_Key_(Baum_novel)" title="The Master Key (Baum novel)">The Master Key</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_and_Adventures_of_Santa_Claus" title="The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus">The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Island_of_Yew" title="The Enchanted Island of Yew">The Enchanted Island of Yew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Zixi_of_Ix" title="Queen Zixi of Ix">Queen Zixi of Ix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fate_of_a_Crown" title="The Fate of a Crown">The Fate of a Crown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woggle-Bug_Book" title="The Woggle-Bug Book">The Woggle-Bug Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annabel_(Baum_novel)" title="Annabel (Baum novel)">Annabel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces">Aunt Jane's Nieces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Abroad" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad">Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Destiny_(novel)" title="Daughters of Destiny (novel)">Daughters of Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_Steele%27s_Adventures_on_Land_and_Sea" title="Sam Steele's Adventures on Land and Sea">Sam Steele's Adventures on Land and Sea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twinkle_Tales" title="The Twinkle Tales">The Twinkle Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Dough_and_the_Cherub" title="John Dough and the Cherub">John Dough and the Cherub</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozma_of_Oz" title="Ozma of Oz">Ozma of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policeman_Bluejay" title="Policeman Bluejay">Policeman Bluejay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Egyptian" title="The Last Egyptian">The Last Egyptian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Fortune_Hunters" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Fortune Hunters">The Boy Fortune Hunters in Egypt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_and_the_Wizard_in_Oz" title="Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz">Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Millville" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Work" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Oz" title="The Road to Oz">The Road to Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_Society" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society">Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emerald_City_of_Oz" title="The Emerald City of Oz">The Emerald City of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_and_Uncle_John" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John">Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daring_Twins" title="The Daring Twins">The Daring Twins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Girl" title="The Flying Girl">The Flying Girl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Fairies" title="The Sea Fairies">The Sea Fairies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_Vacation" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation">Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Daring" title="Phoebe Daring">Phoebe Daring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sky_Island" title="Sky Island">Sky Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_the_Ranch" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch">Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Patchwork_Girl_of_Oz" title="The Patchwork Girl of Oz">The Patchwork Girl of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Out_West" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West">Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tik-Tok_of_Oz" title="Tik-Tok of Oz">Tik-Tok of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_the_Red_Cross" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross">Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarecrow_of_Oz" title="The Scarecrow of Oz">The Scarecrow of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Louise (novel)">Mary Louise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rinkitink_in_Oz" title="Rinkitink in Oz">Rinkitink in Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Princess_of_Oz" title="The Lost Princess of Oz">The Lost Princess of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Woodman_of_Oz" title="The Tin Woodman of Oz">The Tin Woodman of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_of_Oz" title="The Magic of Oz">The Magic of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glinda_of_Oz" title="Glinda of Oz">Glinda of Oz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story<br /> collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Goose_in_Prose" title="Mother Goose in Prose">Mother Goose in Prose</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Fairy_Tales" title="American Fairy Tales">American Fairy Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queer_Visitors_from_the_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz">Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Fairy_Tales" title="Animal Fairy Tales">Animal Fairy Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum%27s_Juvenile_Speaker" title="L. Frank Baum's Juvenile Speaker">L. Frank Baum's Juvenile Speaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Wizard_Stories_of_Oz" title="Little Wizard Stories of Oz">Little Wizard Stories of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Runaway_Shadows" title="The Runaway Shadows">The Runaway Shadows</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry<br /> collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/By_the_Candelabra%27s_Glare" title="By the Candelabra's Glare">By the Candelabra's Glare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Father_Goose:_His_Book" title="Father Goose: His Book">Father Goose: His Book</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plays_of_L._Frank_Baum" title="Plays of L. Frank Baum">Plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Maid_of_Arran" title="The Maid of Arran">The Maid of Arran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Silverwings" title="Prince Silverwings">Prince Silverwings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woggle-Bug_(musical)" title="The Woggle-Bug (musical)">The Woggle-Bug</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tik-Tok_Man_of_Oz" title="The Tik-Tok Man of Oz">The Tik-Tok Man of Oz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Wizard_of_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairylogue_and_Radio-Plays" title="The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays">The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Patchwork_Girl_of_Oz_(1914_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914 film)">The Patchwork Girl of Oz</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Cloak_of_Oz" title="The Magic Cloak of Oz">The Magic Cloak of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty,_the_Scarecrow_of_Oz" title="His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz">His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violet%27s_Dreams" title="Violet's Dreams">Violet's Dreams</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gray_Nun_of_Belgium" title="The Gray Nun of Belgium">The Gray Nun of Belgium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people<br /> and collaborators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Gage_Baum" title="Maud Gage Baum">Maud Gage Baum</a> <small>(wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a> <small>(mother-in-law)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Joslyn_Baum" title="Frank Joslyn Baum">Frank Joslyn Baum</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Neal_Baum" title="Harry Neal Baum">Harry Neal Baum</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_S._Baum" title="Roger S. Baum">Roger S. Baum</a> <small>(great-grandson)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Burdick" title="Jocelyn Burdick">Jocelyn Burdick</a> <small>(niece)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tietjens" title="Paul Tietjens">Paul Tietjens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Ogden_Harrison" title="Edith Ogden Harrison">Edith Ogden Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Witmark_%26_Sons" title="M. Witmark & Sons">Isidore Witmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_F._Gottschalk" title="Louis F. Gottschalk">Louis F. Gottschalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_D._Mann" title="Nathaniel D. Mann">Nathaniel D. Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Chapin" title="Frederic Chapin">Frederic Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Klein" title="Manuel Klein">Manuel Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pryor" title="Arthur Pryor">Arthur Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Gay" title="Byron Gay">Byron Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Hough" title="Emerson Hough">Emerson Hough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Denslow" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wallace Denslow">William Wallace Denslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Neill" title="John R. Neill">John R. Neill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamer_of_Oz:_The_L._Frank_Baum_Story" title="The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story">The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story</a></i> (1990 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fantasy_fiction" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fantasy_fiction" title="Template talk:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fantasy fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fantasy_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fantasy" title="History of fantasy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_fantasy" title="Early history of fantasy">Sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Action-adventure <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_world" title="Lost world">Lost world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_fantasy" title="Children's fantasy">Children's fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsian_fantasy" title="Bangsian fantasy">Bangsian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale_parody" title="Fairy tale parody">Fairy tale parodies</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairytale_fantasy" title="Fairytale fantasy">Fairytale fantasy</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_manners" title="Fantasy of manners">Fantasy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_fantasy" title="Hard fantasy">Hard fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitRPG" title="LitRPG">LitRPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_fantasy" title="Low fantasy">Low fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_fiction" title="Mythic fiction">Mythic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythpunk">Mythpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omegaverse" title="Omegaverse">Omegaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fantasy" title="Urban fantasy">Urban fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal romance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_weird" title="New weird">New weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">West‎ern fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_anime" title="List of fantasy anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fantasy_films" title="Lists of fantasy films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_fantasy_films" title="List of highest-grossing fantasy films">highest-grossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sword_and_sorcery_films" title="List of sword and sorcery films">S&S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_television_programs" title="List of fantasy television programs">Television programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_authors" title="List of fantasy authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Adult_Fantasy_series" title="Ballantine Adult Fantasy series">Ballantine Adult Fantasy series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_comics" title="List of fantasy comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Masterworks" title="Fantasy Masterworks">Fantasy Masterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fantasy novels">List of novels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(A%E2%80%93H)" title="List of fantasy novels (A–H)">A–H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(I%E2%80%93R)" title="List of fantasy novels (I–R)">I–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_novels_(S%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of fantasy novels (S–Z)">S–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_story_collections" title="List of fantasy story collections">List of story collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction magazine">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_(magazine)" title="Fantastic (magazine)">Fantastic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures" title="Fantastic Adventures">Fantastic Adventures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fantasy_(magazine)" title="Science Fantasy (magazine)">Science Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown_(magazine)" title="Unknown (magazine)">Unknown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9erie" title="Féerie">Féeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_podcast" title="Fantasy podcast">Podcasts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Balrog Award">Balrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fantasy_Award" title="British Fantasy Award">British Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Award" title="Crawford Award">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_Award" title="Gandalf Award">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gemmell_Awards_for_Fantasy" title="David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy">Gemmell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fantasy_Award" title="International Fantasy Award">International Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Fantasy_Novel_Award" title="Japan Fantasy Novel Award">Japan Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s_d%27Or" title="Méliès d'Or">Méliès d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Awards" title="Mythopoeic Awards">Mythopoeic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htifantasia_Award" title="Tähtifantasia Award">Tähtifantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fandom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanspeak" title="Fanspeak">Fanspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_fandom" title="Harry Potter fandom"><i>Harry Potter</i> fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inklings" class="mw-redirect" title="The Inklings">The Inklings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraft_fandom" title="Lovecraft fandom">Lovecraft fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_influence_on_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkien's influence on fantasy">Tolkien's influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien">Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Convention" title="World Fantasy Convention">World Fantasy Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_trope" title="Fantasy trope">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghouls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental" title="Elemental">Elementals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">Faeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster" title="Fire-breathing monster">Fire-breathing monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(monster)" title="Gargoyle (monster)">Gargoyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp" title="Imp">Imps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werecat" title="Werecat">Werecats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin-walker" title="Skin-walker">Skin-walkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural#Spirit" title="Supernatural">Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">Talking animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">Undead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lich" title="Lich">Liches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_(undead)" title="Mummy (undead)">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeletons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caveman" title="Caveman">Caveman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_(fairy_tale)" title="Donor (fairy tale)">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonslayer" title="Dragonslayer">Dragonslayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician_(fantasy)" title="Magician (fantasy)">Magicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_detectives" title="List of science fiction and fantasy detectives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_magic_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard and soft magic systems">Hard and soft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">Dark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">neutral</a>/<a href="/wiki/White_magic" title="White magic">light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_magic" title="Moon magic">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_item" title="Magic item">Magic item</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_ring" title="Magic ring">Magic ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">Magical weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">Magic sword</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wand" title="Wand">Wand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egregore" title="Egregore">Egregore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Shapeshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy races">Fantasy races</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Treants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant" title="Giant">Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome" title="Gnome">Gnomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblin" title="Goblin">Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin" title="Gremlin">Gremlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfling" title="Halfling">Halflings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin" title="Hobgoblin">Hobgoblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">Leprechauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merfolk" title="Merfolk">Merfolk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merman" title="Merman">Mermen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">Ogres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni" title="Oni">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Places and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest" title="Quest">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_world" title="Fantasy world">Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_worlds" title="List of fantasy worlds">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy map">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost city (fiction)">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_plane" title="Astral plane">Astral plane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_forest" title="Enchanted forest">Enchanted forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thieves%27_guild" title="Thieves' guild">Thieves' guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_schools#Magic_schools" title="List of fictional schools">Magic school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost stories</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes in speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fantasy" title="Outline of fantasy">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasy" title="Category:Fantasy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130295#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/183869923">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4357615-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81036429">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13747365q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13747365q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007585866305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/100937365">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/c6c6fb26-9e4f-432f-ad76-3a0a327d2dd6">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz&oldid=1256583956">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz&oldid=1256583956</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_American_novels" title="Category:1900 American 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