CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>European Economic Community - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6ceb8fd5-cbbb-4d5d-b315-8311f65d23e6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"European_Economic_Community","wgTitle":"European Economic Community","wgCurRevisionId":1258102321,"wgRevisionId":1258102321,"wgArticleId":9578,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from March 2013","Use dmy dates from May 2021","Articles containing Danish-language text","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing Greek-language text","Articles containing Italian-language text", "Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012","Articles to be expanded from December 2007","All articles to be expanded","Commons category link is on Wikidata","European Economic Community","History of the European Union","Organizations established in 1958","Organizations disestablished in 1993","Former international organizations","1958 establishments in Europe","1993 disestablishments in Europe","States and territories established in 1958"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"European_Economic_Community","wgRelevantArticleId":9578,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q52847","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/800px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/640px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="European Economic Community - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-European_Economic_Community rootpage-European_Economic_Community skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=European+Economic+Community" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=European+Economic+Community" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=European+Economic+Community" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=European+Economic+Community" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Creation and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlargement_and_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlargement_and_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Enlargement and elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlargement_and_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toward_Maastricht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toward_Maastricht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Toward Maastricht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toward_Maastricht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>European Community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aims_and_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aims_and_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aims and achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aims_and_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auditors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auditors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Auditors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auditors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policy_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Policy areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EU_evolution_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EU_evolution_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>EU evolution timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EU_evolution_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">European Economic Community</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 84 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المجموعة الاقتصادية الأوروبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المجموعة الاقتصادية الأوروبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunid%C3%A1_Econ%C3%B3mica_Europea" title="Comunidá Económica Europea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Comunidá Económica Europea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_%C4%B0qtisadi_Birliyi" title="Avropa İqtisadi Birliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avropa İqtisadi Birliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="آوروپا ایقتیصادی بیرلیگی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آوروپا ایقتیصادی بیرلیگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Европа иҡтисади берләшмәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Европа иҡтисади берләшмәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Еўрапейская эканамічная супольнасць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Еўрапейская эканамічная супольнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Эўрапейская эканамічная супольнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эўрапейская эканамічная супольнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Европейска общност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Европейска общност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropska_ekonomska_zajednica" title="Evropska ekonomska zajednica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Evropska ekonomska zajednica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunitat_Econ%C3%B2mica_Europea" title="Comunitat Econòmica Europea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comunitat Econòmica Europea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropsk%C3%A9_hospod%C3%A1%C5%99sk%C3%A9_spole%C4%8Denstv%C3%AD" title="Evropské hospodářské společenství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evropské hospodářské společenství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Gymuned_Ewropeaidd" title="Y Gymuned Ewropeaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Gymuned Ewropeaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A6iske_%C3%98konomiske_F%C3%A6llesskab" title="Europæiske Økonomiske Fællesskab – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Europæiske Økonomiske Fællesskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft" title="Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_Majandus%C3%BChendus" title="Euroopa Majandusühendus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Majandusühendus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ευρωπαϊκή Οικονομική Κοινότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευρωπαϊκή Οικονομική Κοινότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidad_Econ%C3%B3mica_Europea" title="Comunidad Económica Europea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comunidad Económica Europea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADropa_Ekonomia_Komunumo" title="Eŭropa Ekonomia Komunumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭropa Ekonomia Komunumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europako_Ekonomia_Erkidegoa" title="Europako Ekonomia Erkidegoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Europako Ekonomia Erkidegoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="اتحادیه اقتصادی اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحادیه اقتصادی اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_%C3%A9conomique_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Communauté économique européenne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Communauté économique européenne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeropeeske_Ekonomyske_Mienskip" title="Jeropeeske Ekonomyske Mienskip – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jeropeeske Ekonomyske Mienskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhphobal_Eorpach" title="Comhphobal Eorpach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhphobal Eorpach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Boodeeys_Tarmaynagh_Oarpagh" title="Yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidade_Econ%C3%B3mica_Europea" title="Comunidade Económica Europea – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comunidade Económica Europea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%B4" title="유럽 경제 공동체 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유럽 경제 공동체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Եվրոպական տնտեսական համագործակցություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրոպական տնտեսական համագործակցություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="यूरोपीय आर्थिक समुदाय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूरोपीय आर्थिक समुदाय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europska_ekonomska_zajednica" title="Europska ekonomska zajednica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Europska ekonomska zajednica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europana_Ekonomiala_Komunitato" title="Europana Ekonomiala Komunitato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Europana Ekonomiala Komunitato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat_Ekonomi_Eropa" title="Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communitate_Economic_Europee" title="Communitate Economic Europee – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Communitate Economic Europee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C3%A1s_europan" title="Comunitás europan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Comunitás europan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pubandalagi%C3%B0" title="Evrópubandalagið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Evrópubandalagið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C3%A0_economica_europea" title="Comunità economica europea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comunità economica europea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הקהילה הכלכלית האירופית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקהילה הכלכלית האירופית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF" title="ಐರೋಪ್ಯ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಸಮುದಾಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐರೋಪ್ಯ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಸಮುದಾಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ევროპის ეკონომიკური თანამეგობრობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევროპის ეკონომიკური თანამეგობრობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumuiya_ya_Kiuchumi_ya_Ulaya" title="Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Ulaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Ulaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communitas_oeconomica_Europaea" title="Communitas oeconomica Europaea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Communitas oeconomica Europaea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiropas_Ekonomikas_kopiena" title="Eiropas Ekonomikas kopiena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eiropas Ekonomikas kopiena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4esch_Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft" title="Europäesch Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Europäesch Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europos_ekonomin%C4%97_bendrija" title="Europos ekonominė bendrija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Europos ekonominė bendrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europese_Economische_Gemeinsjap" title="Europese Economische Gemeinsjap – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Europese Economische Gemeinsjap" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pai_Gazdas%C3%A1gi_K%C3%B6z%C3%B6ss%C3%A9g" title="Európai Gazdasági Közösség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Európai Gazdasági Közösség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Европска економска заедница – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Европска економска заедница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89" title="السوق الاوروبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السوق الاوروبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuniti_Ekonomi_Eropah" title="Komuniti Ekonomi Eropah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komuniti Ekonomi Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quemunidade_Eiquen%C3%B3mica_Ouropeia" title="Quemunidade Eiquenómica Ouropeia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Quemunidade Eiquenómica Ouropeia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%88%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="ဥရောပဘုံဈေးအဖွဲ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥရောပဘုံဈေးအဖွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europese_Economische_Gemeenschap" title="Europese Economische Gemeenschap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Europese Economische Gemeenschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="欧州経済共同体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="欧州経済共同体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeesk_Wiartskapsgemianskap" title="Europeesk Wiartskapsgemianskap – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Europeesk Wiartskapsgemianskap" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_europeiske_%C3%B8konomiske_fellesskap" title="Det europeiske økonomiske fellesskap – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det europeiske økonomiske fellesskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_europeiske_%C3%B8konomiske_fellesskapet" title="Det europeiske økonomiske fellesskapet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det europeiske økonomiske fellesskapet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunautat_Economica_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Comunautat Economica Europèa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comunautat Economica Europèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevropa_iqtisodiy_hamjamiyati" title="Yevropa iqtisodiy hamjamiyati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevropa iqtisodiy hamjamiyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidade_Econ%C3%B3mica_Europeia" title="Comunidade Económica Europeia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunidade Económica Europeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunitatea_European%C4%83" title="Comunitatea Europeană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comunitatea Europeană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Европейское экономическое сообщество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Европейское экономическое сообщество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidade_econ%C3%B2mica_europea" title="Comunidade econòmica europea – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Comunidade econòmica europea" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuniteti_Ekonomik_Evropian" title="Komuniteti Ekonomik Evropian – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Komuniteti Ekonomik Evropian" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="European Economic Community" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="يورپي برادري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يورپي برادري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropska_gospodarska_skupnost" title="Evropska gospodarska skupnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evropska gospodarska skupnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuqa_ka_dhaxeeya_Yurub" title="Suuqa ka dhaxeeya Yurub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Suuqa ka dhaxeeya Yurub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="کۆمەڵەی ئابووریی ئەورووپی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمەڵەی ئابووریی ئەورووپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Европска економска заједница – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Европска економска заједница" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropska_ekonomska_zajednica" title="Evropska ekonomska zajednica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Evropska ekonomska zajednica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopan_talousyhteis%C3%B6" title="Euroopan talousyhteisö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Euroopan talousyhteisö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeiska_ekonomiska_gemenskapen" title="Europeiska ekonomiska gemenskapen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Europeiska ekonomiska gemenskapen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamayanang_Pang-ekonomikong_Europeo" title="Pamayanang Pang-ekonomikong Europeo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamayanang Pang-ekonomikong Europeo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B" title="ประชาคมเศรษฐกิจยุโรป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประชาคมเศรษฐกิจยุโรป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Иттиҳодияи иқтисодии Аврупо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттиҳодияи иқтисодии Аврупо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrupa_Ekonomik_Toplulu%C4%9Fu" title="Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Європейська економічна спільнота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Європейська економічна спільнота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="یورپین اکنامک کمیونٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یورپین اکنامک کمیونٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%82_%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ياۋروپا ئىقتىسادىي ئورتاق گەۋدىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياۋروپا ئىقتىسادىي ئورتاق گەۋدىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_Kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Cộng đồng Kinh tế châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng đồng Kinh tế châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeonon_nga_Katiringban_Pan-ekonomiya" title="Europeonon nga Katiringban Pan-ekonomiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Europeonon nga Katiringban Pan-ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="欧洲经济共同体 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧洲经济共同体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2" title="אייראפעישע עקאנאמישע געמיינדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייראפעישע עקאנאמישע געמיינדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" title="歐洲經濟共同體 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐洲經濟共同體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="欧洲经济共同体 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="欧洲经济共同体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52847#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:European_Economic_Community" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/European_Economic_Community" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/European_Economic_Community" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&oldid=1258102321" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=European_Economic_Community&id=1258102321&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEuropean_Economic_Community"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEuropean_Economic_Community"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=European_Economic_Community&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:European_Economic_Community" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52847" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former international organisation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about one of the three <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> that existed from 1958 until 2009 and was renamed European Community in 1993. Not to be confused with the present-day <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, which incorporated the European Communities in 1993.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"European Common Market", "Common Market", and "EEC" redirect here. For the EU's internal market, see <a href="/wiki/European_single_market" title="European single market">European single market</a>. For the type of trade bloc, see <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">Single market</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Common_market_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Common market (disambiguation)">Common market (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/EEC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="EEC (disambiguation)">EEC (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:78%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">European Economic Community/European Community</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:74%;font-weight:normal;"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Europæiske Økonomiske Fællesskab</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Europese Economische Gemeenschap</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Communauté économique européenne</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ευρωπαϊκή Οικονομική Κοινότητα</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Comunità Economica Europea</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Comunidade Económica Europeia</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Comunidad Económica Europea</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1958–1993</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of EEC/EC"><img alt="Flag of EEC/EC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/125px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/188px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/250px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe#European_Community" title="Flag of Europe">Flag (1986)</a><sup id="cite_ref-emblem_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emblem-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> "<a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">Ode to Joy</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(orchestral)</span> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="Anthem_of_Europe_(US_Navy_instrumental_short_version).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Anthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/Anthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg/Anthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=ceb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ceb" label="Cebuano ‪(ceb)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=cs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cs" label="čeština ‪(cs)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=fi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fi" label="suomi ‪(fi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=kk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk" label="қазақша ‪(kk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAnthem_of_Europe_%28US_Navy_instrumental_short_version%29.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Economic_Community_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="EEC in 1993"><img alt="EEC in 1993" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Economic_Community_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-European_Economic_Community_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Economic_Community_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-European_Economic_Community_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/European_Economic_Community_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-European_Economic_Community_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="792" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">EEC in 1993</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Economic_union" title="Economic union">Economic union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>²</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">9</a> (1993)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">Commission President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1958–1967 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1967–1970 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Rey_(politician)" title="Jean Rey (politician)">Jean Rey</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1970–1972 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Maria_Malfatti" title="Franco Maria Malfatti">Franco Maria Malfatti</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1972–1973 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sicco_Mansholt" title="Sicco Mansholt">Sicco Mansholt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1973–1977 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Ortoli" title="François-Xavier Ortoli">François-Xavier Ortoli</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1977–1981 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1981–1985 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1985–1993 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty signed</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 March 1957</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Established</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1958</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">European Communities</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1967</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/European_single_market" title="European single market">Single market</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1993</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">EEC becomes the European Community, one of the 3 European Communities constituting the I pillar of the EU</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1993</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Pillar abolished</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 2009</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div>13 currencies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/European_Unit_of_Account" title="European Unit of Account">EUA</a>/<a href="/wiki/European_Currency_Unit" title="European Currency Unit">ECU</a> (accounting)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_franc" title="Belgian franc">Belgian franc</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">French franc</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">German mark</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Modern_drachma" title="Modern drachma">Greek drachma</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Irish_pound" title="Irish pound">Irish pound</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Italian lira</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_franc" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish franc">Luxembourgish franc</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_guilder" title="Dutch guilder">Dutch guilder</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_escudo" title="Portuguese escudo">Portuguese escudo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">Spanish peseta</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span> <br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn">¹ The information in this infobox covers the EEC's time as an independent organisation. It does not give details of post-1993 operation within the EU as that is explained in greater length in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> articles.<br />² <i>De facto</i> only, these cities hosted the main institutions but were not titled as capitals.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:History of the European Union">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History of the<br />European Union</a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/120px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/180px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/240px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history" title="Timeline of European Union history">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_European_unity_before_1948" title="Ideas of European unity before 1948">Pre-1948 ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_integration_(1948%E2%80%931957)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European integration (1948–1957)">1948–1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1958%E2%80%931972)" title="History of the European Communities (1958–1972)">1958–1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1973%E2%80%931993)" title="History of the European Communities (1973–1993)">1973–1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_(1993%E2%80%932004)" title="History of the European Union (1993–2004)">1993–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European Union since 2004">2004–present</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Organisation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1958–2009)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1952–2002)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Economic Community</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1958–1993)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1958–present)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#European_Community">European Community</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1993–2009)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters">Justice and Home Affairs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1993–2003)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters">Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (2003–2009)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> pillar</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1993–2009)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1954–2011)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)" title="Western Union (alliance)">Western Union</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (1948–1954)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">Treaty of Paris</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1951</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1957</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1986</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1997</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2007</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commissions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Commission" title="Hallstein Commission">Hallstein Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1958</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rey_Commission" title="Rey Commission">Rey Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malfatti_Commission" title="Malfatti Commission">Malfatti Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mansholt_Commission" title="Mansholt Commission">Mansholt Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1972</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ortoli_Commission" title="Ortoli Commission">Ortoli Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1973</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jenkins_Commission_(EU)" title="Jenkins Commission (EU)">Jenkins Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thorn_Commission" title="Thorn Commission">Thorn Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1981</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Delors_Commission" title="Delors Commission">Delors Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission" title="Santer Commission">Santer Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1994</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prodi_Commission" title="Prodi Commission">Prodi Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1999</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Barroso_Commission" title="Barroso Commission">Barroso Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Juncker_Commission" title="Juncker Commission">Juncker Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2019</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">History of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_euro" title="History of the euro">History of the euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="History of the Common Security and Defence Policy">History of defence integration</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">History of enlargement</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union">List of presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">List of founders</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/16px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:History of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:History of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>European Economic Community</b> (<b>EEC</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Regional_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional organisation">regional organisation</a> created by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> of 1957,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aiming to foster <a href="/wiki/Economic_integration" title="Economic integration">economic integration</a> among its member states. It was subsequently renamed the <b>European Community</b> (<b>EC</b>) upon becoming integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">first pillar</a> of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) in 1993. In the popular language, the singular <i>European Community</i> was sometimes inaccurately used in the wider sense of the plural <i><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a></i>, in spite of the latter designation covering all the three constituent entities of the first pillar.<sup id="cite_ref-singular_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singular-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The EEC was also known as the <b>European Common Market</b> (ECM) in the English-speaking countries,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993. In 2009, the EC formally ceased to exist and its institutions were directly absorbed by the EU. This made the Union the formal successor institution of the Community. </p><p>The Community's initial aim was to bring about economic integration, including a <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">common market</a> and <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a>, among its <a href="/wiki/Inner_Six" title="Inner Six">six founding members</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. It gained a common set of <a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">institutions</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a> (ECSC) and the <a href="/wiki/Euratom" title="Euratom">European Atomic Energy Community</a> (EURATOM) as one of the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> under the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a> (Treaty of Brussels). In 1993 a complete <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">single market</a> was achieved, known as the <a href="/wiki/European_single_market" title="European single market">internal market</a>, which allowed for the free movement of goods, capital, services, and people within the EEC. In 1994 the internal market was formalised by the EEA agreement. This agreement also extended the internal market to include most of the member states of the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a>, forming the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a>, which encompasses 15 countries. </p><p>Upon the entry into force of the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> in 1993, the EEC was renamed the European Community to reflect that it covered a wider range than economic policy.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also when the three European Communities, including the EC, were collectively made to constitute the first of the <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">three pillars of the European Union</a>, which the treaty also founded. The EC existed in this form until it was abolished by the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>, which incorporated the EC's institutions into the EU's wider framework and provided that the EU would "replace and succeed the European Community".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History of the European Union</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1951, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">Treaty of Paris</a> was signed, creating the <a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a> (ECSC). This was an international community based on <a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">supranationalism</a> and international law, designed to help the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">economy of Europe</a> and prevent future war by <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">integrating</a> its <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">members</a>. </p><p>With the aim of creating a <a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">federal Europe</a> two further communities were proposed: a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_the_European_Defence_Community" title="Treaty establishing the European Defence Community">European Defence Community</a> and a <a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community_(1952)" title="European Political Community (1952)">European Political Community</a>. While the treaty for the latter was being drawn up by the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">Common Assembly</a>, the ECSC parliamentary chamber, the proposed defence community was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a>. ECSC President <a href="/wiki/Jean_Monnet" title="Jean Monnet">Jean Monnet</a>, a leading figure behind the communities, resigned from the High Authority in protest and began work on alternative communities, based on economic integration rather than political integration.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Messina_Conference" title="Messina Conference">Messina Conference</a> in 1955, <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a> was given the task to prepare a report on the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a>. The so-called <a href="/wiki/Spaak_Report" title="Spaak Report">Spaak Report</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spaak_Committee" title="Spaak Committee">Spaak Committee</a> formed the cornerstone of the intergovernmental negotiations at Val Duchesse conference centre in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the <a href="/wiki/Ohlin_Report" title="Ohlin Report">Ohlin Report</a> the Spaak Report would provide the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a>. </p><p>In 1956, <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a> led the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Conference_on_the_Common_Market_and_Euratom" title="Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom">Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_of_Val-Duchesse" title="Château of Val-Duchesse">Val Duchesse</a> conference centre, which prepared for the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> in 1957. The conference led to the signature, on 25 March 1957, of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> establishing a European Economic Community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_and_early_years">Creation and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The resulting communities were the European Economic Community (EEC) and the <a href="/wiki/Euratom" title="Euratom">European Atomic Energy Community</a> (EURATOM or sometimes EAEC). These were markedly less supranational than the previous communities,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> due to protests from some countries that their <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> was being infringed (however there would still be concerns with the behaviour of the <a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Commission" title="Hallstein Commission">Hallstein Commission</a>). Germany became a founding member of the EEC, and Konrad Adenauer was made leader in a very short time. The first formal meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Commission" title="Hallstein Commission">Hallstein Commission</a> was held on 16 January 1958 at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_of_Val-Duchesse" title="Château of Val-Duchesse">Chateau de Val-Duchesse</a>. The EEC (direct ancestor of the modern Community) was to create a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a> while Euratom would promote co-operation in the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> sphere. The EEC rapidly became the most important of these and expanded its activities. The first move towards political developments came at the end of 1959 when the foreign ministers of the six members announced that would be meeting quarterly to discuss political issues and international problems.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first important accomplishments of the EEC was the establishment (1962) of common price levels for agricultural products. In 1968, internal tariffs (tariffs on trade between member nations) were removed on certain products. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/220px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/330px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/440px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3663" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/French_President" class="mw-redirect" title="French President">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> vetoed British membership, held back the development of Parliament's powers and was at the centre of the 'empty chair crisis' of 1965.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another crisis was triggered in regard to proposals for the financing of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a>, which came into force in 1962. The transitional period whereby decisions were made by unanimity had come to an end, and majority-voting in the council had taken effect. Then-<a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>'s opposition to supranationalism and fear of the other members challenging the CAP led to an "empty chair policy" whereby French representatives were withdrawn from the European institutions until the French veto was reinstated. Eventually, a compromise was reached with the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_compromise" title="Luxembourg compromise">Luxembourg compromise</a> on 29 January 1966 whereby a <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_agreement" title="Gentlemen's agreement">gentlemen's agreement</a> permitted members to use a veto on areas of national interest.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 July 1967, when the <a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a> came into operation, combining the institutions of the ECSC and Euratom into that of the EEC, they already shared a <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">Parliamentary Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Courts</a>. Collectively they were known as the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a></i>. The Communities still had independent personalities although were increasingly integrated. Future treaties granted the community new powers beyond simple economic matters which had achieved a high level of integration. As it got closer to the goal of political integration and a peaceful and united Europe, what <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> described as a <i><a href="/wiki/Common_European_Home" title="Common European Home">Common European Home</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlargement_and_elections">Enlargement and elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Enlargement and elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1960s saw the first attempts at <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">enlargement</a>. In 1961, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (in 1962), applied to join the three Communities. However, President Charles de Gaulle saw British membership as a <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a> for U.S. influence and vetoed membership,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the applications of all four countries were suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> became the first country to join the EC in 1961 as an associate member, however its membership was suspended in 1967 after a coup d'état established a military dictatorship called the <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Regime of the Colonels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A year later, in February 1962, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> attempted to join the European Community. However, because <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a> was not a democracy, all members rejected the request in 1964. </p><p>The four countries resubmitted their applications on 11 May 1967 and with <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> succeeding Charles de Gaulle as French president in 1969, the veto was lifted. Negotiations began in 1970 under the pro-European UK government of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>, who had to deal with disagreements relating to the <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a> and the UK's relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. Nevertheless, two years later the accession treaties were signed so that Denmark, Ireland and the UK <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union#First_enlargement" title="Enlargement of the European Union">joined the Community</a> effective 1 January 1973. The Norwegian people had <a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">rejected membership</a> in a <a href="/wiki/1972_Norwegian_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1972 Norwegian European Communities membership referendum">referendum on 25 September 1972</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaties of Rome</a> had stated that the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> must be directly elected, however this required the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a> to agree on a common voting system first. The Council procrastinated on the issue and the Parliament remained appointed,<sup id="cite_ref-Hoskyns_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoskyns-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French President Charles de Gaulle was particularly active in blocking the development of the Parliament, with it only being granted <a href="/wiki/Budgetary_treaties_of_the_European_Communities" title="Budgetary treaties of the European Communities">Budgetary powers</a> following his resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parliament pressured for agreement and on 20 September 1976 the Council agreed part of the necessary instruments for election, deferring details on electoral systems which remain varied to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoskyns_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoskyns-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the tenure of <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">President Jenkins</a>, in June 1979, the elections were held in all the then-members (see <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979 European Parliament election</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Veil_election_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veil_election-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new Parliament, galvanised by direct election and new powers, started working full-time and became more active than the previous assemblies.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoskyns_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoskyns-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after its election, the Parliament proposed that the Community adopt the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">flag of Europe</a> design used by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European Council in 1984 appointed an <i>ad hoc</i> committee for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European Council in 1985 largely followed the committee's recommendations, but as the adoption of a flag was strongly reminiscent of a <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a> representing <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">statehood</a>, was controversial, the "flag of Europe" design was adopted only with the status of a "logo" or "emblem".<sup id="cite_ref-emblem_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emblem-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Council, or European summit, had developed since the 1960s as an informal meeting of the Council at the level of heads of state. It had originated from then-<a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>'s resentment at the domination of supranational institutions (e.g. the commission) over the integration process. It was mentioned in the treaties for the first time in the <a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-Dragoman_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragoman-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enlargement_of_the_European_Union_77.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union_77.gif/220px-Enlargement_of_the_European_Union_77.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union_77.gif/330px-Enlargement_of_the_European_Union_77.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union_77.gif/440px-Enlargement_of_the_European_Union_77.gif 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Enlargement, 1957 to 2013<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#003399; color:white;"> </span> Community enlargement</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#225522; color:white;"> </span> Since 1995</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toward_Maastricht">Toward Maastricht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Toward Maastricht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> re-applied to join the community on 12 June 1975, following the restoration of democracy, and joined on 1 January 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-accgr_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accgr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following on from Greece, and after their own democratic restoration, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> applied to the communities in 1977 and joined on 1 January 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> formally applied to join the Community and began the longest application process for any country. </p><p>With the prospect of further enlargement, and a desire to increase areas of co-operation, the <a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> was signed by the foreign ministers on 17 and 28 February 1986 in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> respectively. In a single document it dealt with reform of institutions, extension of powers, foreign policy cooperation and the single market. It came into force on 1 July 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act was followed by work on what would be the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>, which was agreed on 10 December 1991, signed the following year and coming into force on 1 November 1993 establishing the European Union, and paving the way for the <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">European Monetary Union</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Community">European Community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: European Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The EU absorbed the European Communities as one of its <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">three pillars</a>. The EEC's areas of activities were enlarged and were renamed the <i>European Community</i>, continuing to follow the <a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">supranational</a> structure of the EEC. The EEC institutions became those of the EU, however the Court, Parliament and Commission had only limited input in the new pillars, as they worked on a more <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">intergovernmental</a> system than the European Communities. This was reflected in the names of the institutions, the council was formally the "Council of the <i>European Union</i>" while the commission was formally the "Commission of the <i>European Communities</i>". </p><p>There are more competencies listed in Article 3 of the European Communities pillar than there are in Article 3 of the Treaty of Rome. This is due to the fact that some competencies were already inherent in the Treaty of Tome, some were referred to in the Treaty of Rome, and some were extended under Article 235 of the Treaty of Rome. Competencies were added to cover trans-European networks, and the work of the Culture Committee and Education Committee that were previously sharing existing competencies. The only entry in Article 3 that represented something new is the competence covering the entry and movement of persons in the internal market. </p><p>However, after the Treaty of Maastricht, Parliament gained a more formal role. Maastricht brought in the <a href="/wiki/Codecision_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Codecision procedure">codecision procedure</a>, which gave it equal legislative power with the Council on Community matters. This replaced the informal parliamentary blocking powers established by the 1979 Isoglucose decision.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It also abolished any existing <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simple_Majority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simple Majority (page does not exist)">Simple Majority</a> voting in the EEC, replacing it with <a href="/wiki/Voting_in_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Voting in the Council of the European Union">Qualified Majority Voting</a>, a procedure more commonly used in international organisations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a> transferred responsibility for free movement of persons (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">visas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">asylum</a>) from the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) pillar to the European Community (JHA was renamed <a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters</a> (PJCC) as a result).<sup id="cite_ref-Folk_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folk-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Amsterdam and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> also extended <a href="/wiki/Codecision_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Codecision procedure">codecision procedure</a> to nearly all policy areas, giving Parliament equal power to the Council in the Community. </p><p>In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">Treaty of Paris</a> which established the ECSC expired, having reached its 50-year limit (as the first treaty, it was the only one with a limit). No attempt was made to renew its mandate; instead, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> transferred certain of its elements to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> and hence its work continued as part of the EC area of the European Community's remit. </p><p>After the entry into force of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> in 2009 the pillar structure ceased to exist. The European Community, together with its <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal personality</a>, was absorbed into the newly consolidated European Union which merged in the other two pillars (however Euratom remained distinct). This was originally proposed under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a> but that treaty failed ratification in 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aims_and_achievements">Aims and achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aims and achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2007</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The main aim of the EEC, as stated in its preamble, was to "preserve peace and liberty and to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe". Calling for balanced economic growth, this was to be accomplished through:<sup id="cite_ref-ENA_EEC_achievements_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENA_EEC_achievements-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>The establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Common_external_tariff" title="Common external tariff">common external tariff</a></li> <li>Common policies for <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Europe" title="Transport in Europe">transport</a> and trade, including <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standardization</a> (for example, the <a href="/wiki/CE_marking" title="CE marking">CE marking</a> designates standards compliance)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement of the EEC</a> to the rest of Europe</li></ol> <p>Citing Article 2 from the original text of the Treaty of Rome of the 25th of March 1957, the EEC aimed at "a harmonious development of economic activities, a continuous and balanced expansion, an increase in stability, an accelerated raising of the standard of living and closer relations between the States belonging to it". Given the fear of the Cold War, many Western Europeans were afraid that poverty would make "the population vulnerable to communist propaganda" (Meurs 2018, p. 68), meaning that increasing prosperity would be beneficial to harmonise power between the Western and Eastern blocs, other than reconcile Member States such as France and Germany after WW2. </p><p>The tasks entrusted to the Community were divided among an assembly, the European Parliament, Council, Commission, and Court of Justice. Moreover, restrictions to market were lifted to further liberate trade among Member States. Citizens of Member States (other than goods, services, and capital) were entitled to freedom of movement. The CAP, Common Agricultural Policy, regulated and subsided the agricultural sphere. A European Social Fund was implemented in favour of employees who lost their jobs. A European Investment Bank was established to "facilitate the economic expansion of the Community by opening up fresh resources" (Art. 3 Treaty of Rome 3/25/1957). All these implementations included overseas territories. Competition was to be kept alive to make products cheaper for European consumers. </p><p>For the customs union, the treaty provided for a 10% reduction in custom duties and up to 20% of global import quotas. Progress on the customs union proceeded much faster than the twelve years planned. However, France faced some setbacks due to their <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">war with Algeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ENA_Customs_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENA_Customs-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members">Members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member state of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement of the European Union</a></div> <p>The six states that founded the EEC and the other two Communities were known as the "<a href="/wiki/Inner_Six" title="Inner Six">inner six</a>" (the "outer seven" were those countries who formed the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a>). The six were France, West Germany, Italy and the three <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a> countries: Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. The first enlargement was in 1973, with the accession of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Greece, Spain and Portugal joined in the 1980s. The former <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> became part of the EEC upon German reunification in 1990. Following the creation of the EU in 1993, it has enlarged to include an additional sixteen countries by 2013. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973-1992.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973-1992.png/300px-Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973-1992.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973-1992.png/450px-Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973-1992.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973-1992.png/600px-Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973-1992.png 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkgreen; color:white;"> </span> Founding members of EEC</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkblue; color:white;"> </span> Later members of EEC</div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable">Flag </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Member_State_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Member State of the European Union">State</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_accession" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Union member states by accession">Accession</a> </th> <th class="unsortable">Language(s) </th> <th>Currency </th> <th>Population<br />(1990)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 March 1957</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgian_franc" title="Belgian franc">Franc</a> (fr.)<sup id="cite_ref-Francs_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francs-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007100160000000000♠">10,016,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 March 1957</span> </td> <td>French </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">Franc</a> (F) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007567180000000000♠">56,718,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>/<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 March 1957</span> </td> <td>German </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Mark</a> (DM) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007632540000000000♠">63,254,000</span><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 March 1957</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Lira</a> (Lit.) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007567627000000000♠">56,762,700</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 March 1957</span> </td> <td>French, German and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish" title="Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_franc" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish franc">Franc</a> (fr.)<sup id="cite_ref-Francs_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francs-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005384400000000000♠">384,400</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001957-03-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 March 1957</span> </td> <td>Dutch and <a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">Frisian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_guilder" title="Dutch guilder">Guilder</a> (ƒ) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007148923000000000♠">14,892,300</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001973-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 January 1973</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Krone</a> (kr.) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006514650000000000♠">5,146,500</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001973-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 January 1973</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_pound" title="Irish pound">Punt</a> (£) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006352100000000000♠">3,521,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001973-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 January 1973</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a> (£) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007576810000000000♠">57,681,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001981-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 January 1981</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_drachma" title="Modern drachma">Drachma</a> (₯) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007101200000000000♠">10,120,000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001986-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 January 1986</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_escudo" title="Portuguese escudo">Escudo</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cifr%C3%A3o_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cifr%C3%A3o_symbol.svg/15px-Cifr%C3%A3o_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cifr%C3%A3o_symbol.svg/23px-Cifr%C3%A3o_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Cifr%C3%A3o_symbol.svg/30px-Cifr%C3%A3o_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006986250000000000♠">9,862,500</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="000000001986-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 January 1986</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">Peseta</a> (₧) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007389938000000000♠">38,993,800</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Member states are represented in some form in each institution. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council</a> is also composed of one national minister who represents their national government. Each state also has a right to one <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">European Commissioner</a> each, although in the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> they are not supposed to represent their national interest but that of the Community. Prior to 2004, the larger members (France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom) have had two Commissioners. In the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, members are <a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">allocated a set number seats</a> related to their population, however these (<a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">since 1979</a>) have been directly elected and they sit according to political allegiance, not national origin. Most other institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a>, have some form of national division of its members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">Institutions of the European Union</a></div> <p>There were three political institutions which held the executive and legislative power of the EEC, plus one judicial institution and a fifth body created in 1975. These institutions (except for the auditors) were created in 1957 by the EEC but from 1967 onwards they applied to all three Communities. The Council represents the member state governments, the Parliament represents citizens and the Commission represents the European interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Commission_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Commission-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essentially, the council, Parliament or another party place a request for legislation to the commission. The Commission then drafts this and presents it to the council for approval and the Parliament for an opinion (in some cases it had a veto, depending upon the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">legislative procedure</a> in use). The commission's duty is to ensure it is implemented by dealing with the day-to-day running of the Union and taking others to Court if they fail to comply.<sup id="cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Commission_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Commission-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, these institutions became those of the European Union, though limited in some areas due to the pillar structure. Despite this, Parliament in particular has gained more power over legislation and security of the commission. The Court of Justice was the highest authority in the law, settling legal disputes in the Community, while the Auditors had no power but to investigate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_2">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luxembourg0080.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Luxembourg0080.JPG/220px-Luxembourg0080.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Luxembourg0080.JPG/330px-Luxembourg0080.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Luxembourg0080.JPG/440px-Luxembourg0080.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The High Authority had more executive powers than the Commission which replaced it.</figcaption></figure> <p>The EEC inherited some of the <a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community#Institutions" title="European Coal and Steel Community">Institutions of the ECSC</a> in that the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">Common Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Court of Justice</a> of the ECSC had their authority extended to the EEC and Euratom in the same role. However the EEC, and Euratom, had different executive bodies to the ECSC. In place of the ECSC's Council of Ministers was the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Economic Community</a>, and in place of the <a href="/wiki/High_Authority_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community">High Authority</a> was the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission of the European Communities</a>. </p><p>There was greater difference between these than name: the French government of the day had grown suspicious of the supranational power of the High Authority and sought to curb its powers in favour of the intergovernmental style Council. Hence the council had a greater executive role in the running of the EEC than was the situation in the ECSC. By virtue of the <a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a> in 1967, the executives of the ECSC and Euratom were merged with that of the EEC, creating a single institutional structure governing the three separate Communities. From here on, the term <i>European Communities</i> were used for the institutions (for example, from <i>Commission of the European Economic Community</i> to the <i>Commission of the European Communities</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-ENA_Merger_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENA_Merger-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ENA_Council_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENA_Council-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ENA_Commission_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENA_Commission-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council">Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078267-0023,_Bonn,_Ministerpr%C3%A4sidenten_mit_EU-Kommissar_Delors-CROPPED.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078267-0023%2C_Bonn%2C_Ministerpr%C3%A4sidenten_mit_EU-Kommissar_Delors-CROPPED.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="243" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a>, the last EEC Commission President</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Communities</a> was a body holding legislative and executive powers and was thus the main decision-making body of the Community. Its <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a> rotated between the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_member_state" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union member state">member states</a> every six months and it is related to the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>, which was an informal gathering of national leaders (started in 1961) on the same basis as the council.<sup id="cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Council_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Council-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The council was composed of one national <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">minister</a> from each member state. However the Council met in various forms depending upon the topic. For example, if agriculture was being discussed, the council would be composed of each national minister for agriculture. They represented their governments and were accountable to their national political systems. Votes were taken either by majority (with votes allocated according to population) or unanimity. In these various forms they share some legislative and budgetary power of the Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Council_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Council-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1960s the council also began to meet informally at the level of heads of government and heads of state; these <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European summits</a> followed the same presidency system and secretariat as the council but was not a formal formation of it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commission">Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">Commission of the European Communities</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive arm</a> of the community, drafting <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Community law</a>, dealing with the day to running of the Community and upholding the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">treaties</a>. It was designed to be independent, representing the interest of the Community as a whole. Every member state submitted one commissioner (two from each of the larger states, one from the smaller states). One of its members was the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a>, appointed by the council, who chaired the body and represented it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002,_Stra%C3%9Fburg,_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> held its first elections in 1979, slowly gaining more influence over Community decision making.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the Community, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (formerly the European Parliamentary Assembly) had an advisory role to the Council and Commission. There were a number of <a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Community legislative procedures</a>, at first there was only the <a href="/wiki/Consultation_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Consultation procedure">consultation procedure</a>, which meant Parliament had to be consulted, although it was often ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> gave Parliament more power, with the <a href="/wiki/Assent_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Assent procedure">assent procedure</a> giving it a right to veto proposals and the <a href="/wiki/Cooperation_procedure" title="Cooperation procedure">cooperation procedure</a> giving it equal power with the Council if the council was not unanimous. </p><p>In 1970 and 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Budgetary_treaties_of_the_European_Communities" title="Budgetary treaties of the European Communities">Budgetary treaties</a> gave Parliament power over the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Community budget</a>. The Parliament's members, up-until 1980 were national MPs serving part-time in the Parliament. The Treaties of Rome had required elections to be held once the council had decided on a voting system, but this did not happen and elections were delayed until 1979 (see <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979 European Parliament election</a>). After that, Parliament was elected every five years. In the following 20 years, it gradually won co-decision powers with the Council over the adoption of legislation, the right to approve or reject the appointment of the Commission President and the commission as a whole, and the right to approve or reject international agreements entered into by the Community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court">Court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Court of Justice of the European Communities</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">highest court</a> of on matters of <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_European_Union" title="Law of the European Union">Community law</a> and was composed of one judge per state with a president elected from among them. Its role was to ensure that Community law was applied in the same way across all states and to settle legal disputes between institutions or states. It became a powerful institution as Community law overrides national law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auditors">Auditors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Auditors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fifth institution is the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></i>. Its ensured that <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer" title="Taxpayer">taxpayer</a> funds from the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Community budget</a> had been correctly spent by the Community's institutions. The ECA provided an <a href="/wiki/Auditor%27s_report" title="Auditor's report">audit report</a> for each financial year to the Council and Parliament and gave opinions and proposals on financial legislation and anti-fraud actions. It is the only institution not mentioned in the original treaties, having been set up in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Auditors_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Auditors-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policy_areas">Policy areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Policy areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">Three pillars of the European Union</a></div> <p>At the time of its abolition, the European Community pillar covered the following areas;<sup id="cite_ref-Folk_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folk-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">Asylum policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">Border control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community_competition_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community competition law">Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">Consumer protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">Customs union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">Single market</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_monetary_union" title="Economic and monetary union">Economic and monetary union</a></li> <li>Education and Culture</li> <li>Employment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">Environmental law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">EU Citizenship</a></li> <li>Healthcare</li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_control#Immigration_law_and_policy" title="Border control">Immigration policy</a></li> <li>Research</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">Social policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">Trade policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-European_Networks" title="Trans-European Networks">Trans-European Networks</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">Economy of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delors_Commission" title="Delors Commission">Delors Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Customs_Information_Portal" title="European Customs Information Portal">European Customs Information Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_institutions_in_Strasbourg" title="European institutions in Strasbourg">European institutions in Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1958%E2%80%931972)" title="History of the European Communities (1958–1972)">History of the European Communities (1958–1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1973%E2%80%931993)" title="History of the European Communities (1973–1993)">History of the European Communities (1973–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_in_the_tunnel" title="Snake in the tunnel">Snake in the tunnel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EU_evolution_timeline">EU evolution timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: EU evolution timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (or <i>pooled sovereignty</i>) in an increasing number of areas, in the <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration project</a> or the <i>construction of Europe</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">la construction européenne</i>). The following timeline outlines the legal inception of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the <a href="/wiki/Schuman_Declaration" title="Schuman Declaration">Schuman Declaration</a>. </p> <table cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" rowspan="8" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%;"><u>Legend:</u><br /><span class="nowrap">  </span>S: signing<br /><span class="nowrap">  </span>F: entry into force<br /><span class="nowrap">  </span>T: termination<br /><span class="nowrap">  </span>E: expiry<br /><span class="nowrap">  </span><span style="background:orange; font-size:120%;"> </span> <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> supersession<br /><span class="nowrap">  </span>Rel. w/ EC/EU framework:<br /><span class="nowrap">  </span><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.2em; height:1.2em; margin:1px 0; border:3px dotted gray; text-align:center; margin-right:4px"> </span><i>de facto</i> inside</span><br /><span class="nowrap">  </span><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #F5F5F5 0, #F5F5F5 3px, gainsboro 3px, gainsboro 6px); text-align:center; margin-right:4px"> </span>outside</span> </td> <td rowspan="7">  </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;">  </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#003399; border-left:3px solid #003399; font-variant:small-caps;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><span style="color:white;">European Union</span></a> <span style="color:white;">(EU)</span> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="color:white; background:#003399; background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(95deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, white 71%, white 100%), repeating-linear-gradient(85deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, white 71%, white 100%); font-size:90%;"><i>[</i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union"><span style="color:white; font-style:italic">Cont.</span></a><i>]</i>   </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#464646; border-left:3px solid #464646; border-right:3px solid #464646; font-variant:small-caps"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities"><span style="color:white;">European Communities</span></a> <span style="color:white;">(EC)</span> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#464646; border-left:3px solid #003399; border-right:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union"><span style="color:white;">(Pillar I)</span></a> </td> <td style="background:#003399"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#42B995;"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#42B995; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Euratom" title="Euratom"><span style="color:black;">European Atomic Energy Community</span></a> (EAEC or Euratom) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#42B995; border-left:3px solid #003399; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td> <td style="background:#42B995; border-left:3px solid #003399; border-top:3px dotted #003399; border-bottom:3px dotted #003399; background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(70deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, #003399 71%, #003399 100%), repeating-linear-gradient(110deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, #003399 71%, #003399 100%); padding:0; font-size:90%;"><i>[</i><a href="/wiki/Euratom#History" title="Euratom"><span style="color:black; font-style:italic">Cont.</span></a><i>]</i>       </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#93DAE7;"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#93DAE7; border-left:3px solid #464646;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_6_Star_Version.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_6_Star_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_6_Star_Version.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_6_Star_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_6_Star_Version.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_6_Star_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> / <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_9_Star_Version.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_9_Star_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_9_Star_Version.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_9_Star_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_9_Star_Version.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_9_Star_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> / <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_10_Star_Version.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_10_Star_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_10_Star_Version.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_10_Star_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_10_Star_Version.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_10_Star_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> / <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community"><span style="color:black;">European Coal and Steel Community</span></a> <span style="color:black">(ECSC)</span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right; background:#93DAE7; padding-right:3px; border-left:3px solid #003399">  </td> <td style="background:#44B72E; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td> <td rowspan="7" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-middle is-normal" style="background:#003399"><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_competences" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:EU competences"><span style="color:white">(Distr. of competences)</span></a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7;">  </td> <td rowspan="3">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#5FCF4D"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#5FCF4D; border-left:3px solid #464646;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:black;">European Economic Community</span></a> <span style="color:black">(EEC)</span> </td> <td style="background:#44B72E; border-left:3px solid #003399; border-bottom:3px solid #464646; border-bottom:3px solid #003399;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#44B72E; border-right:3px solid #464646;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="4">  </td> <td rowspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; border-top:3px solid #464646">  </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border-top:3px solid #464646">  </td> <td style="border-top:3px solid #464646">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; border-top:3px solid #464646">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #ff8c8c 0, #ff8c8c 3px, #FF6666 3px, #FF6666 6px); border-top:3px solid #464646; border-right:3px solid #003399"><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area"><span style="color:black">Schengen Rules</span></a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#44B72E; border-right:3px solid #464646; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:black;">European Community (EC)</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="background:#FFFF97; border:3px dotted #464646"><a href="/wiki/TREVI" class="mw-redirect" title="TREVI"><span style="color:black;">'TREVI'</span></a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E600; border-top:3px solid #003399; border-left:3px solid #003399"><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Matters#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters"><span style="color:black;">Justice and Home Affairs</span></a> <span style="color:black;">(JHA, </span><a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union"><span style="color:black;">pillar II)</span></a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#44B72E; border-left:3px solid #464646; border-bottom:3px solid #464646; border-right:3px solid #464646;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #174196 0, #174196 3px, #002776 3px, #002776 6px)">  </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #174196 0, #174196 3px, #002776 3px, #002776 6px)"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg/41px-Flag_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg/61px-Flag_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg/81px-Flag_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9726" data-file-height="4860" /></a></span> <span style="color:white">/</span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_NATO" title="Flag of NATO"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/27px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/53px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO"><span style="color:white">North Atlantic Treaty Organisation</span></a> <span style="color:white">(NATO)</span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(100deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, white 71%, white 100%), repeating-linear-gradient(80deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, white 71%, white 100%), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #174196 0, #174196 3px, #002776 3px, #002776 6px); padding:0; color:white; font-size:90%;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/History_of_NATO" title="History of NATO"><span style="color:white;">Cont.</span></a>]</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#D4BE00;"><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters"><span style="color:black;">Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters</span></a> <span style="color:black">(PJCC, <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union"><span style="color:black">pillar II</span></a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #abc9e0, #abc9e0 3px, #cddeeb 3px, #cddeeb 6px)"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Flag of the United Kingdom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations#20th_century" title="France–United Kingdom relations"><span style="color:black">Anglo-French alliance</span></a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #85b1d6 0, #85b1d6 3px, #a4c2db 3px, #a4c2db 6px); text-align:right; border-left:5px solid orange; font-size:90%;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Western_Union_Defence_Organisation" title="Western Union Defence Organisation">Defence arm</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)#Cannibalisation_and_marginalisation" title="Western Union (alliance)">handed</a> to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>]</i> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#CA7FC8; border:3px dotted #464646"><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Co-operation" title="European Political Co-operation"><span style="color:black;">European Political Co-operation</span></a> <span style="color:black">(EPC)</span> </td> <td style="background:#AD76C9; border-left:3px solid #003399; border-bottom:3px solid #003399">  </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#AD76C9; border-bottom:3px solid #003399"><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy"><span style="color:black;">Common Foreign and Security Policy</span></a><br /><span style="color:black">(CFSP, <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union"><span style="color:black">pillar III</span></a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="3" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #85b1d6 0, #85b1d6 3px, #a4c2db 3px, #a4c2db 6px); border-left:5px solid orange"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Western_Union" title="Flag of the Western Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_the_Western_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Western_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_the_Western_Union.svg/47px-Flag_of_the_Western_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_the_Western_Union.svg/63px-Flag_of_the_Western_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)" title="Western Union (alliance)"><span style="color:black">Western Union</span></a> (WU) </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #8bafcc 0, #8bafcc 3px, #7AA7CB 3px, #7AA7CB 6px)"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union" title="Flag of the Western European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union_%281993-1995%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union_%281993-1995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union_%281993-1995%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union_%281993-1995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union_%281993-1995%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union_%281993-1995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> / <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union" title="Flag of the Western European Union"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union"><span style="color:black">Western European Union</span></a> (WEU) </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #8bafcc 0, #8bafcc 3px, #7AA7CB 3px, #7AA7CB 6px); text-align:right; font-size:90%; border-right:3px solid #003399"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union#1984–1998:_Revival" title="Western European Union">Tasks</a> defined following the WEU's 1984 <a href="/wiki/Rome_Declaration" title="Rome Declaration">reactivation</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union#1998–2009:_Transfer_of_tasks_to_the_EU" title="Western European Union">handed</a> to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>]</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #8bafcc 0, #8bafcc 3px, #7AA7CB 3px, #7AA7CB 6px)">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #8bafcc 0, #8bafcc 3px, #7AA7CB 3px, #7AA7CB 6px)">  </td> <td style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #8bafcc 0, #8bafcc 3px, #7AA7CB 3px, #7AA7CB 6px); border-right:5px solid orange">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #8bafcc 0, #8bafcc 3px, #7AA7CB 3px, #7AA7CB 6px); text-align:right; font-size:90%;"><i>[Social, cultural tasks <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy#1954_–_1970:_A_dormant_WEU_is_established" title="History of the Common Security and Defence Policy">handed</a> to <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">CoE</a>]</i> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(100deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, white 71%, white 100%), repeating-linear-gradient(80deg, transparent 0, transparent 70%, white 71%, white 100%), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #275ac2 0, #275ac2 3px, #003399 3px, #003399 6px); padding:0; color:white; font-size:90%;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe#History" title="Council of Europe"><span style="color:white;">Cont.</span></a>]</i> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Structural_evolution_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Structural evolution of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Structural_evolution_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Structural evolution of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Structural_evolution_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Structural evolution of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #275ac2 0, #275ac2 3px, #003399 3px, #003399 6px)"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe"><span style="color:white">Council of Europe</span></a> <span style="color:white">(CoE)</span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:2em; width:2em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><i><a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">Entente Cordiale</a></i><br />S: 8 April 1904</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:4em; width:4em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dunkirk" title="Treaty of Dunkirk">Dunkirk Treaty</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-ref-1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 4 March 1947<br />F: 8 September 1947<br />E: 8 September 1997</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:4em; width:4em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels" title="Treaty of Brussels">Brussels Treaty</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-ref-1_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 17 March 1948<br />F: 25 August 1948<br />T: 30 June 2011</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><i><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Statute of the Council of Europe">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">Washington</a> treaties</i><sup id="cite_ref-ref-1_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 5 May/4 April 1949<br />F: 3 August/24 August 1949</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:4em; width:4em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Paris treaties: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">ECSC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_the_European_Defence_Community" title="Treaty establishing the European Defence Community">EDC</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref-6_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-6-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 18 April 1951/27 May 1952<br />F: 23 July 1952/—<br />E: 23 July 2002/—</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:4em; width:4em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels#Modification" title="Treaty of Brussels">Protocol Modifying and<br />Completing the Brussels Treaty</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-ref-1_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 23 October 1954<br />F: 6 May 1955</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Rome treaties: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">EEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euratom_Treaty" title="Euratom Treaty">EAEC</a><br />S: 25 March 1957<br />F: 1 January 1958</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy#1954_–_1970:_A_dormant_WEU_is_established" title="History of the Common Security and Defence Policy">WEU-CoE agreement</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-ref-1_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 21 October 1959<br />F: 1 January 1960</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Brussels (Merger) Treaty</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref-3_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-3-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 8 April 1965<br />F: 1 July 1967</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:2em; width:2em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Davignon_report" title="Davignon report">Davignon report</a><br />S: 27 October 1970</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:2em; width:2em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/TREVI" class="mw-redirect" title="TREVI">European Council conclusions</a><br />S: 2 December 1975</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> (SEA)<br />S: 17/28 February 1986<br />F: 1 July 1987</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><i><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Treaty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area#The_Schengen_Agreement_and_the_Schengen_Convention" title="Schengen Area">Convention</a></i><br />S: 14 June 1985/19 June 1990<br />F: 26 March 1995</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref-2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref-4_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 7 February 1992<br />F: 1 November 1993</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Amsterdam Treaty</a><br />S: 2 October 1997<br />F: 1 May 1999</div> </td> <td class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Nice Treaty</a><br />S: 26 February 2001<br />F: 1 February 2003</div> </td> <td colspan="3" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style="max-width:3em; width:3em; border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; width:7%"><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Lisbon Treaty</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref-5_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-5-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />S: 13 December 2007<br />F: 1 December 2009</div> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-collapsetext="hide notes" data-expandtext="show notes"> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ref-1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ref-1_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref-1_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref-1_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref-1_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref-1_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Although not EU treaties <i>per se</i>, these treaties affected the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="History of the Common Security and Defence Policy">development</a> of the EU defence arm, a main part of the CFSP. The Franco-British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty was <i>de facto</i> superseded by WU. The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels" title="Treaty of Brussels">Modified Brussels Treaty</a> (MBT). The Brussels Treaty was <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union#2009–2011:_Dissolution" title="Western European Union">terminated</a> in 2011, consequently dissolving the WEU, as the <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Consolidated_version_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union/Title_V:_General_Provisions_on_the_Union%27s_External_Action_Service_and_Specific_Provisions_on_the_Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy#Article_42" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union/Title V: General Provisions on the Union's External Action Service and Specific Provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy">mutual defence clause</a> that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous. The EU thus <i>de facto</i> superseded the WEU.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-6-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref-6_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plans to establish a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_the_European_Political_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty establishing the European Political Community">European Political Community</a> (EPC) were shelved following the French failure to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_the_European_Defence_Community" title="Treaty establishing the European Defence Community">Treaty establishing the European Defence Community</a> (EDC). The EPC would have combined the ECSC and the EDC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-3-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref-3_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> obtained common institutions and a shared <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal personality</a> (i.e. ability to e.g. sign treaties in their own right).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-2-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref-2_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The treaties of Maastricht and Rome form the EU's <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">legal basis</a>, and are also referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Treaty on European Union">Treaty on European Union</a> (TEU) and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a> (TFEU), respectively. They are amended by secondary treaties.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-4-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref-4_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Between the EU's founding in 1993 and consolidation in 2009, the union consisted of <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">three pillars</a>, the first of which were the European Communities. The other two pillars consisted of additional areas of cooperation that had been added to the EU's remit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-5-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref-5_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The consolidation meant that the EU inherited the European Communities' <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal personality</a> and that the <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">pillar system was abolished</a>, resulting in the EU framework as such covering all policy areas. Executive/legislative power in each area was instead determined by a <a href="/wiki/Template:EU_competences" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:EU competences">distribution of competencies</a> between <a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">EU institutions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a>. This distribution, as well as treaty provisions for policy areas in which unanimity is required and <a href="/wiki/Double_majority#European_Union" title="Double majority">qualified majority voting</a> is possible, reflects the depth of EU integration as well as the EU's partly <a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">supranational</a> and partly <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">intergovernmental</a> nature.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the <i>Treaty on the functioning of the European Union</i>, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francs-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francs_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francs_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Belgian and Luxembourgish francs were 1:1 and theoretically interchangeable as a single currency.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> took place in 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>: 80,274,200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">And recognised regional languages: <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scots_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Gaelic">Gaelic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">And recognised regional languages: <a href="/wiki/Aranese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranese language">Aranese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-emblem-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emblem_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emblem_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTheiler2005" class="citation book cs1">Theiler, Tobias (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JMiqfaCXr50C&pg=PA61"><i>Political Symbolism and European Integration</i></a>. Manchester University Press. pp. 61–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719069949" title="Special:BookSources/9780719069949"><bdi>9780719069949</bdi></a>. <q>The compromise was widely disregarded from the beginning, and the "European logo" in spite of the explicit avoidance of giving it the status of a "flag" was referred to as "Community flag" or even "European flag" from the outset.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Symbolism+and+European+Integration&rft.pages=61-65&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780719069949&rft.aulast=Theiler&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJMiqfaCXr50C%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singular-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singular_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-364013.html">"European Community"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2009</span>. <q>The term also commonly refers to the 'European Communities', which comprise ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Community&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1B1-364013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070924171113/http://www.library.exeter.ac.uk/guides/libraries/edcguide.html">"Introduction to EU Publications"</a>. <i>Guide to European Union Publications at the EDC</i>. The University of Exeter. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.exeter.ac.uk/guides/libraries/edcguide.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2009</span>. <q>The European Community originally consisted of three separate Communities founded by treaty ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guide+to+European+Union+Publications+at+the+EDC&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+EU+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.exeter.ac.uk%2Fguides%2Flibraries%2Fedcguide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_Urwin,_University_of_Aberdeen" class="citation web cs1">Derek Urwin, University of Aberdeen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.fi/FAST/GC/eurgloss.html">"Glossary of The European Union and European Communities"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2009</span>. <q>European Community (EC). The often used singular of the European Communities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+The+European+Union+and+European+Communities&rft.au=Derek+Urwin%2C+University+of+Aberdeen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.fi%2FFAST%2FGC%2Feurgloss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagobooth.edu/review/two-faces-common-market">"From 1963: The Two Faces of the Common Market"</a>. The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+1963%3A+The+Two+Faces+of+the+Common+Market&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Booth+School+of+Business&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagobooth.edu%2Freview%2Ftwo-faces-common-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/in-the-past/the-parliament-and-the-treaties/maastricht-treaty">"Maastricht Treaty"</a>. <i>Maastricht Treaty</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maastricht+Treaty&rft.atitle=Maastricht+Treaty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fabout-parliament%2Fen%2Fin-the-past%2Fthe-parliament-and-the-treaties%2Fmaastricht-treaty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFby2019" class="citation web cs1">by (10 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jammukashmir.pscnotes.com/international-booster/european-economic-community/">"European Economic Community"</a>. <i>Jammu&Kashmir PCS Exam Notes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jammu%26Kashmir+PCS+Exam+Notes&rft.atitle=European+Economic+Community&rft.date=2019-11-10&rft.au=by&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjammukashmir.pscnotes.com%2Finternational-booster%2Feuropean-economic-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond F. Mikesell, <i>The Lessons of Benelux and the European Coal and Steel Community for the European Economic Community</i>, The American Economic Review, Vol. 48, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Seventieth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May 1958), pp. 428–441</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aei.pitt.edu/995/">"Spaak report"</a>. 1956.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spaak+report&rft.date=1956&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faei.pitt.edu%2F995%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">European Parliament Political Committee 'Towards Political Union', General Directorate Parliamentary Documentation and Information, January 1964, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsley2007" class="citation web cs1">Horsley, William (19 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6453889.stm">"Fifty years of fraternal rivalry"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230820132441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6453889.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Fifty+years+of+fraternal+rivalry&rft.date=2007-03-19&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F6453889.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_empty_chair_policy-en-f6d19361-9a7a-4e39-ae93-0f898e652d85.html">"The 'empty chair' policy"</a>. <i>CVCE Website</i>. 7 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101015242/https://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_empty_chair_policy-en-f6d19361-9a7a-4e39-ae93-0f898e652d85.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CVCE+Website&rft.atitle=The+%27empty+chair%27+policy&rft.date=2016-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Fthe_empty_chair_policy-en-f6d19361-9a7a-4e39-ae93-0f898e652d85.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit-content/-/unit/02bb76df-d066-4c08-a58a-d4686a3e68ff/e491121c-8e37-473f-afe6-ff52e349c1aa">"General de Gaulle's first veto"</a>. <i>CVCE</i>. University of Luxemburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CVCE&rft.atitle=General+de+Gaulle%27s+first+veto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fen%2Feducation%2Funit-content%2F-%2Funit%2F02bb76df-d066-4c08-a58a-d4686a3e68ff%2Fe491121c-8e37-473f-afe6-ff52e349c1aa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit-content/-/unit/02bb76df-d066-4c08-a58a-d4686a3e68ff/e491121c-8e37-473f-afe6-ff52e349c1aa/Resources">"General de Gaulle's first veto"</a>. <i>CVCE</i>. University of Luxemburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CVCE&rft.atitle=General+de+Gaulle%27s+first+veto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fen%2Feducation%2Funit-content%2F-%2Funit%2F02bb76df-d066-4c08-a58a-d4686a3e68ff%2Fe491121c-8e37-473f-afe6-ff52e349c1aa%2FResources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeschampsLekl" class="citation web cs1">Deschamps, Etienne; Lekl, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1999/1/1/61a2a7a5-39a9-4b06-91f8-69ae77b41515/publishable_en.pdf">"The accession of Greece"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CVCE</i>. University of Luxemburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CVCE&rft.atitle=The+accession+of+Greece&rft.aulast=Deschamps&rft.aufirst=Etienne&rft.au=Lekl%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fcontent%2Fpublication%2F1999%2F1%2F1%2F61a2a7a5-39a9-4b06-91f8-69ae77b41515%2Fpublishable_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/28/newsid_4208000/4208314.stm">"1994: Norway votes 'no' to Europe"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 28 November 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1994%3A+Norway+votes+%27no%27+to+Europe&rft.date=1994-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F28%2Fnewsid_4208000%2F4208314.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoskyns-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoskyns_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoskyns_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoskyns_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskynsMichael_Newman2000" class="citation book cs1">Hoskyns, Catherine; Michael Newman (2000). <i>Democratizing the European Union: Issues for the twenty-first Century (Perspectives on Democratization)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5666-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5666-6"><bdi>978-0-7190-5666-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratizing+the+European+Union%3A+Issues+for+the+twenty-first+Century+%28Perspectives+on+Democratization%29&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5666-6&rft.aulast=Hoskyns&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Michael+Newman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2013" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Craig N. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r-dMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA372"><i>The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics</i></a>. OUP USA. p. 372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973859-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973859-5"><bdi>978-0-19-973859-5</bdi></a>. <q>De Gaulle's resignation in 1969 brought new energy. The European Parliament gained budgetary powers ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Comparative+Politics&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-973859-5&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Craig+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr-dMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Veil_election-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Veil_election_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219023023/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/expert/background_page/008-1806-015-01-03-901-20070109BKG01804-15-01-2007-2007-false/default_p001c006_en.htm">"Press releases"</a>. <i>European Parliament</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/expert/background_page/008-1806-015-01-03-901-20070109BKG01804-15-01-2007-2007-false/default_p001c006_en.htm">the original</a> on 19 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=Press+releases&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fnews%2Fexpert%2Fbackground_page%2F008-1806-015-01-03-901-20070109BKG01804-15-01-2007-2007-false%2Fdefault_p001c006_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/symbols/european-flag_en">"European Flag"</a>. <i>European Union</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Union&rft.atitle=European+Flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropean-union.europa.eu%2Fprinciples-countries-history%2Fsymbols%2Feuropean-flag_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A6-2008-0347&language=EN&mode=XML">"Report on the Insertion of a new Rule 202a on the use by Parliament of the symbols of the Union (2007/2240(REG))- Explanatory Statement"</a>. <i>European Parliament</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=Report+on+the+Insertion+of+a+new+Rule+202a+on+the+use+by+Parliament+of+the+symbols+of+the+Union+%282007%2F2240%28REG%29%29-+Explanatory+Statement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3Ftype%3DREPORT%26reference%3DA6-2008-0347%26language%3DEN%26mode%3DXML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/resources/historicaldocument.faces/en/4659/html.bookmark">Regarding The "Adonnino Report" - Report to the European Council by the ad hoc committee "On a People's Europe", A 10.04 COM 85, SN/2536/3/85</a>. Under the header of "strengthening of the Community's image and identity", the Committee suggested the introduction of "a flag and an emblem", recommending a design based on the Council of Europe flag, but with the addition of "a gold letter E" in the center of the circle of stars: "bearing in mind the independence and the different nature of the two organizations, the Committee proposes to the European Council that the European Community emblem and flag should be a blue rectangle with, in the center, a circle of twelve five-pointed gold stars which do not touch, surrounding a gold letter E, of the design already used by the Commission." Adonnino Report, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dragoman-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dragoman_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStark" class="citation web cs1">Stark, Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709220601/http://www.dragoman.org/ec/belfast-2002.pdf">"Evolution of the European Council: The implications of a permanent seat"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dragoman.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dragoman.org/ec/belfast-2002.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+the+European+Council%3A+The+implications+of+a+permanent+seat&rft.pub=Dragoman.org&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dragoman.org%2Fec%2Fbelfast-2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accgr-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-accgr_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeschampsLekl2016" class="citation web cs1">Deschamps, Etienne; Lekl, Christian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_accession_of_greece-en-61a2a7a5-39a9-4b06-91f8-69ae77b41515.html">"The accession of Greece"</a>. Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe, Universite de Luxembourg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+accession+of+Greece&rft.pub=Centre+Virtuel+de+la+Connaissance+sur+l%27Europe%2C+Universite+de+Luxembourg&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Deschamps&rft.aufirst=Etienne&rft.au=Lekl%2C+Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Fthe_accession_of_greece-en-61a2a7a5-39a9-4b06-91f8-69ae77b41515.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_accession_of_spain_and_portugal-en-b1dd040b-7463-4e67-88f2-4890f5b8fac6.html">The Accession Treaties with Spain and Portugal</a> on CVCE website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_provisions_of_the_single_european_act-en-243555aa-d219-4525-9978-34325bb5e17a.html">"The provisions of the Single European Act"</a>. 7 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+provisions+of+the+Single+European+Act&rft.date=2016-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Fthe_provisions_of_the_single_european_act-en-243555aa-d219-4525-9978-34325bb5e17a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Case 138/79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Folk-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Folk_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Folk_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-oplysningen.dk/euo_en/spsv/all/12/">What are the three pillars of the EU?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100523080044/http://www.eu-oplysningen.dk/euo_en/spsv/all/12/">Archived</a> 23 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Folketingets EU-Oplysning</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENA_EEC_achievements-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENA_EEC_achievements_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/report_by_the_eec_commission_on_the_implementation_of_the_treaty_of_rome_january_1958_january_1962-en-a757255d-b121-4d44-842f-1aa861a5f018.html">"The achievements of the EEC"</a>. CVCE. 20 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+achievements+of+the+EEC&rft.pub=CVCE&rft.date=2012-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Freport_by_the_eec_commission_on_the_implementation_of_the_treaty_of_rome_january_1958_january_1962-en-a757255d-b121-4d44-842f-1aa861a5f018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENA_Customs-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENA_Customs_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_european_customs_union-en-08ef3b37-2ab4-4349-aec8-819809c59a9d.html">"The European Customs Union"</a>. CVCE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+European+Customs+Union&rft.pub=CVCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Fthe_european_customs_union-en-08ef3b37-2ab4-4349-aec8-819809c59a9d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populstat.info/">Populstat.info</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326104705/http://www.populstat.info/">Archived</a> 26 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Commission-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Commission_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Commission_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623104055/http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/comm/index_en.htm">"Institutions: The European Commission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa (web portal)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/comm/index_en.htm">the original</a> on 23 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institutions%3A+The+European+Commission&rft.pub=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Finstitutions%2Finst%2Fcomm%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENA_Merger-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENA_Merger_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/merging_the_executives-en-575850b6-f472-406a-936d-8c08a9e0db32.html">"Merging of the executives"</a>. CVCE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merging+of+the+executives&rft.pub=CVCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Fmerging_the_executives-en-575850b6-f472-406a-936d-8c08a9e0db32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENA_Council-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENA_Council_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_council_of_the_european_union-en-de23700c-e50a-4e0e-a7de-80665e4caf9f.html">"Council of the European Union"</a>. CVCE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+of+the+European+Union&rft.pub=CVCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Fthe_council_of_the_european_union-en-de23700c-e50a-4e0e-a7de-80665e4caf9f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENA_Commission-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENA_Commission_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/european_commission-en-281a3c0c-839a-48fd-b69c-bc2588c780ec.html">"European Commission"</a>. CVCE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Commission&rft.pub=CVCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvce.eu%2Fobj%2Feuropean_commission-en-281a3c0c-839a-48fd-b69c-bc2588c780ec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Council-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Council_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Council_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703155822/http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/council/index_en.htm">"Institutions: The Council of the European Union"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa (web portal)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/council/index_en.htm">the original</a> on 3 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institutions%3A+The+Council+of+the+European+Union&rft.pub=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Finstitutions%2Finst%2Fcouncil%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/29/europeans-parliament-young-people-eu">"Europeans used to ignore their parliament. Not any longer | Caroline de Gruyter"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Europeans+used+to+ignore+their+parliament.+Not+any+longer+%7C+Caroline+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2019%2Fmay%2F29%2Feuropeans-parliament-young-people-eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebald2022" class="citation web cs1">Sebald, Christoph (31 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewfederalist.eu/The-European-Parliament-needs-independence-and-a-strong-voice,05603">"The European Parliament needs independence and a strong voice"</a>. <i>The New Federalist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Federalist&rft.atitle=The+European+Parliament+needs+independence+and+a+strong+voice&rft.date=2022-08-31&rft.aulast=Sebald&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewfederalist.eu%2FThe-European-Parliament-needs-independence-and-a-strong-voice%2C05603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Europa_Institutions_Auditors-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Europa_Institutions_Auditors_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091222001147/http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/auditors/index_en.htm">"Institutions: Court of Auditors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa (web portal)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/auditors/index_en.htm">the original</a> on 22 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institutions%3A+Court+of+Auditors&rft.pub=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Finstitutions%2Finst%2Fauditors%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Acocella" title="Nicola Acocella">Acocella, Nicola</a> (1992), <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><i>Trade and direct investment within the EC: The impact of strategic considerations</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>, in: Cantwell, John (ed.), <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><i>Multinational investment in modern Europe</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>, E. Elgar, Cheltenham, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8527-8421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8527-8421-8">978-1-8527-8421-8</a>.</li> <li>Balassa, Bela (1962). <i>The Theory of Economic Integration</i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichengreen1992" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Eichengreen" title="Barry Eichengreen">Eichengreen, Barry</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/EuropeanEconomicCommunity.html">"European Economic Community"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/David_R._Henderson" title="David R. Henderson">David R. Henderson</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Concise_Encyclopedia_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Concise Encyclopedia of Economics">Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</a></i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Economics and Liberty">Library of Economics and Liberty</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=European+Economic+Community&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Economics&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Library+of+Economics+and+Liberty&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Eichengreen&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc1%2FEuropeanEconomicCommunity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+Economic+Community" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317650570">317650570</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50016270">50016270</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/163149563">163149563</a></li> <li>Etzioni, Amitai. 1964. "European Unification: A Strategy of Change". <i>World Politics</i> 16(1): 32–51.</li> <li>Hallstein, Walter (1962). <i>A New Path to Peaceful Union</i>.</li> <li>Milward, Alan S. (1992). <i>The European Rescue of the Nation-State</i>.</li> <li>Moravcsik, Andrew (1998). <i>The Choice for Europe. Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8509-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8509-1">978-0-8014-8509-1</a>.</li> <li>Ludlow, N. Piers (2006). <i>The European Community and the Crises of the 1960s. Negotiating the Gaullist Challenge</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415459570" title="Special:BookSources/9780415459570">9780415459570</a>.</li> <li>Warlouzet, Laurent (2018). <i>Governing Europe in a Globalizing World. Neoliberalism and its Alternatives following the 1973 Oil Crisis</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138729421" title="Special:BookSources/9781138729421">9781138729421</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bliss, Howard, ed. <i>The political development of the European Community: a documentary collection</i> (Blaisdell, 1969).</li> <li>Monnet, Jean. <i>Prospect for a New Europe</i> (1959).</li> <li>Schuman, Robert. <i>French Policy towards Germany since the war</i> (Oxford University Press, 1954).</li> <li>Spaak, Paul-Henri. <i>The Continuing Battle: Memories of a European</i> (1971).</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:European_Economic_Community" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-europe/overview/britain-and-eec-to-single-european-act/">EEC on the UK Parliament website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/index_en.htm">European Union website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/">Documents</a> of the European Economic Community are consultable at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eui.eu/Research/HistoricalArchivesOfEU/Index.aspx">Historical Archives of the EU</a> in Florence</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/obj/treaty_establishing_the_european_economic_community_rome_25_march_1957-en-cca6ba28-0bf3-4ce6-8a76-6b0b3252696e.html">Treaty establishing the European Economic Community</a> on CVCE website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvce.eu/recherche/unit-content/-/unit/3cb9e142-6ac4-4184-8794-fc3cf619cf33">History of the Rome Treaties</a> on CVCE website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Finding_Aids/S.html">Papers of J. Robert Schaetzel, ambassador to European Economic Community, 1966–1972, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/ecip/index_en.htm">European Customs Information Portal (ECIP)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/history_en">The history of the European Union</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union">Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Including its predecessor, the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Economic Community</a> (1958–1993/2009)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="European_Parliament" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Charlemagne_Youth_Prize" title="European Charlemagne Youth Prize">European Charlemagne Youth Prize</a> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_Prize" title="Charlemagne Prize">Charlemagne Prize</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="European Citizens' Prize">European Citizens' Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux_Prize" title="Lux Prize">Lux Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Community_Monitor_Mission_Medal" title="European Community Monitor Mission Medal">European Community Monitor Mission Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Mission_Medal" title="European Union Monitoring Mission Medal">European Union Monitoring Mission Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Artemis" title="Operation Artemis">Operation Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/EUFOR_Althea" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR Althea">EUFOR Althea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">EU Support to AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Mission_in_Aceh" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Monitoring Mission in Aceh">European Union AMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/EUFOR_RD_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR RD Congo">EUFOR RD Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/EUFOR_Tchad/RCA" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR Tchad/RCA">EUFOR Tchad/RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">CSDP Medal</a> for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">EUNAVFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union_Mission_Service_Medal" title="Western European Union Mission Service Medal">Western European Union Mission Service Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/16px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Union_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Union_topics" title="Template talk:European Union topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Union_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history" title="Timeline of European Union history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_European_unity_before_1948" title="Ideas of European unity before 1948">Ideas of European unity before 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_integration_(1948%E2%80%931957)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European integration (1948–1957)">1948–1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1958%E2%80%931972)" title="History of the European Communities (1958–1972)">1958–1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1973%E2%80%931993)" title="History of the European Communities (1973–1993)">1973–1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_(1993%E2%80%932004)" title="History of the European Union (1993–2004)">1993–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European Union since 2004">Since 2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)" title="Western Union (alliance)">Western Union (1948–1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union (1954–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities (1967–2009)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Authority_for_the_Ruhr" title="International Authority for the Ruhr">International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Economic Community (1958–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community (1993–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Cooperation_Fund" title="European Monetary Cooperation Fund">European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Institute" title="European Monetary Institute">European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">Financial stability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Facility" title="European Financial Stability Facility">European Financial Stability Facility (2010–<i>2012</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="European Financial Stability Mechanism">European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–<i>2012</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste#Dissolution" title="Free Territory of Trieste">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1986 enlargement of the European Communities">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vian_Accords" title="Évian Accords">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon#After_1945" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy#21st_century" title="Saint Barthélemy">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_border_of_the_European_Union" title="External border of the European Union">External border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_European_Union" title="Environmental issues in the European Union">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_European_Union" title="Extreme points of the European Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_midpoint_of_Europe#Geographic_centre_of_the_European_Union" title="Geographical midpoint of Europe">Geographic centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">Larger urban zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_European_Union" title="Protected areas of the European Union">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Regions <span style="font-size:85%;">(first-level NUTS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_statistics" title="European Union statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodies of the European Union and the Euratom">Bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European political foundations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">General Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_summit" title="Euro summit">Euro summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General" title="Directorate-General">Directorates-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">System of Central Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosystem" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_audit_institution" title="Supreme audit institution">Supreme audit institution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Court_of_Auditors" title="Secretary-General of the European Court of Auditors">Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />international-law<br />EU bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community</a></li> <li>EIB Group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">European Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies of the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">European Union Military Staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">Competition law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_European_Union" title="Copyright law of the European Union">Copyright law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Rights_Directive" title="Citizens' Rights Directive">Citizens' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_for_Cooperation_and_Verification" title="Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification">Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union"><i>Official Journal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Initiative" title="European Citizens' Initiative">Citizens' Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the European Union">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-outs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_preference_(EU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community preference (EU)">Community preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_procurement_in_the_European_Union" title="Government procurement in the European Union">Government procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro" title="International status and usage of the euro">International status and usage</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRACECA" title="TRACECA">TRACECA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_minimum_wage" title="List of European Union member states by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of European Union member states by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_health_expense_per_person" title="List of European Union member states by health expense per person">Health expense per person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosphere" title="Eurosphere">Eurosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">Intergovernmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofunctionalism" title="Neofunctionalism">Neofunctionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_currency_area" title="Optimum currency area">Optimum currency area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">Federalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_legitimacy_of_the_European_Union" title="Democratic legitimacy of the European Union">Democratic legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentiated_integration" title="Differentiated integration">Differentiated integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileged_partnership" title="Privileged partnership">Privileged partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower#European_Union" title="Potential superpower">Potential superpower status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of freedom, security and justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Migration and asylum policy of the European Union">Migration and asylum policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Judicial_Network" title="European Judicial Network">European Judicial Network</a> (criminal matters)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Judicial_Network_in_civil_and_commercial_matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters (page does not exist)">European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_identity_card" class="mw-redirect" title="European identity card">identity card</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_driving_licence" title="European driving licence">Driving licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of the European Union">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" title="Common Foreign and Security Policy">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">Single market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Cultural policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_policies_and_initiatives_of_the_European_Union" title="Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union">Educational policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Environmental policy of the European Union">Environmental policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries policy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthCare_in_the_European_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthCare in the European Union (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Health_Insurance_Card" title="European Health Insurance Card">Health Insurance Card</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union" title="Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union">Labour mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" title="European Structural and Investment Funds">European Structural and Investment Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Sport policies of the European Union">Sport policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_value_added_tax" title="European Union value added tax">VAT Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign <br />relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Higher_Education_Area" title="European Higher Education Area">European Higher Education Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Framework Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Peace_Facility" title="European Peace Facility">European Peace Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Gateway_Programme" title="EU Gateway Programme">EU Gateway Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Strategy_for_the_South_Caucasus" title="EU Strategy for the South Caucasus">EU Strategy for the South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Current agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Statistics relating to enlargement of the European Union">Statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Douzelage" title="Douzelage">Douzelage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_European_History" title="House of European History">House of European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_laissez-passer" title="European Union laissez-passer">Laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_the_European_Union" title="Media freedom in the European Union">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union" title="Public holidays in the European Union">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_European_Union" title="Religion in the European Union">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Europe" title="Telephone numbers in Europe">Telephone numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_European_Union" title="Symbols of the European Union">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union-related_lists" title="Category:European Union-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_on_the_European_Union" title="List of books on the European Union">Books on the subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_directives" title="List of European Union directives">Directives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">Largest cities by population within city limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_political_parties_in_Europe_by_pancontinental_organisation" title="Table of political parties in Europe by pancontinental organisation">National parties by affiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union">Presidents of the institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Europe" title="Terrorism in Europe">Terrorist incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">Urban areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_European_Union" title="Outline of the European Union">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union" title="Category:European Union">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="26px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="26px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/26px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/39px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/52px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Bilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Trade_Continuity_Agreement" title="Canada–United Kingdom Trade Continuity Agreement">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Japan–United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="New Zealand–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Singapore–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Vietnam_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="United Kingdom–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">Crown Dependencies Customs Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negotiating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Bilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="India–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Israel–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Mexico–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="South Korea–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Switzerland–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Turkey–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="United Kingdom–United States Free Trade Agreement">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_CPTPP" title="Accession of the United Kingdom to CPTPP">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">CPTPP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Bilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobden%E2%80%93Chevalier_Treaty" title="Cobden–Chevalier Treaty">France</a> (1860–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Treaty_of_Commerce_and_Navigation" title="Anglo-Belgian Treaty of Commerce and Navigation">Belgium</a> (1862–1897)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a> (1960–1972)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Economic Community</a> (1973–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">European Union</a> (1993–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52847#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52847#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52847#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122904914">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/239002089">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135819217">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/532788/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/35433-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79054869">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119480207">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119480207">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00309334">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Evropské hospodářské společenství"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002101510&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90545061">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=213433">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260956105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000000521">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027438902">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63j85w1">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&oldid=1258102321">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&oldid=1258102321</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Economic_Community" title="Category:European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:History of the European Union">History of the European Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_1958" title="Category:Organizations established in 1958">Organizations established in 1958</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_disestablished_in_1993" title="Category:Organizations disestablished in 1993">Organizations disestablished in 1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_international_organizations" title="Category:Former international organizations">Former international organizations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1958_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1958 establishments in Europe">1958 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1993_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1993 disestablishments in Europe">1993 disestablishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1958" title="Category:States and territories established in 1958">States and territories established in 1958</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_March_2013" title="Category:Use British English from March 2013">Use British English from March 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2021">Use dmy dates from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Danish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Danish-language text">Articles containing Danish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_December_2007" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from December 2007">Articles to be expanded from December 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 04:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Economic_Community&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-wdqp9","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.710","walltime":"2.098","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11669,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":384122,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":51649,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":38,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":218691,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1773.915 1 -total"," 21.15% 375.207 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 17.67% 313.389 3 Template:Reflist"," 10.28% 182.346 3 Template:Infobox"," 10.17% 180.393 3 Template:Collapsible_list"," 7.82% 138.707 8 Template:Lang"," 7.75% 137.547 1 Template:EU_history"," 7.35% 130.407 29 Template:Cite_web"," 7.33% 130.008 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 6.82% 121.010 1 Template:European_Union_topics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.899","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17221379,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mczds","timestamp":"20241123192559","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"European Economic Community","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Economic_Community","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q52847","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q52847","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-02T16:55:40Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T04:06:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b7\/Flag_of_Europe.svg","headline":"1958\u20132009 organisation for economic integration, under the EU from 1993"}</script> </body> </html>