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id="toc-Jason_Van_Dyke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jason_Van_Dyke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Jason Van Dyke </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jason_Van_Dyke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_police_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_police_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Initial police report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_police_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Medical report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dash-cam_video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dash-cam_video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Dash-cam video </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dash-cam_video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burger_King_surveillance_video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burger_King_surveillance_video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Burger King surveillance video </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burger_King_surveillance_video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-$5_million_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#$5_million_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 $5 million settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-$5_million_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legal proceedings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_proceedings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legal proceedings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Requests_for_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Requests_for_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Requests for documents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Requests_for_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&params=41_49_04.7_N_87_43_26.4_W_type:landmark">41°49′04.7″N 87°43′26.4″W / 41.817972°N 87.724000°W / 41.817972; -87.724000</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2014 police murder of a black teenager in Chicago, Illinois, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Murder of Laquan McDonald</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald.png/220px-Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald.png/330px-Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/35/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald.png 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="207" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Van Dyke (left) moments before fatally shooting McDonald (right)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">4100 South Pulaski Road, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&params=41_49_04.7_N_87_43_26.4_W_type:landmark">41°49′04.7″N 87°43′26.4″W / 41.817972°N 87.724000°W / 41.817972; -87.724000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">October 20, 2014; 10 years ago (2014-10-20) 9:57:36–9:57:54 p.m. (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Gun violence in the United States">shooting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Victim</th><td class="infobox-data">Laquan Joseph McDonald</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrator</th><td class="infobox-data">Jason D. Van Dyke</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verdict</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guilt_(law)" title="Guilt (law)">Guilty</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Lesser-included_offense" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser-included offense">less serious conviction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Illinois_law#Second-degree_murder" title="Murder in Illinois law">second-degree murder</a> due to perceived <a href="/wiki/Mitigating_factor" title="Mitigating factor">mitigating factors</a></li> <li>Guilty on all counts of aggravated battery with a firearm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">Not guilty</a> of official misconduct</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Convictions</th><td class="infobox-data">Second-degree murder, aggravated battery with a firearm (16 counts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Charges</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Illinois_law#First-degree_murder" title="Murder in Illinois law">First-degree murder</a> (six counts);</li><li><a href="/wiki/Aggravation_(law)" title="Aggravation (law)">Aggravated</a> <a href="/wiki/Battery_(crime)" title="Battery (crime)">battery</a> (16 counts);</li><li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Official misconduct</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Litigation</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawsuit against the city of Chicago settled with McDonald's family for $5 million <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Filmed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Police cruiser dashboard cameras</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Forest Home Cemetery Forest Park, Illinois, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coroner</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Stephen J. Cina, M.D. Chief Medical Examiner <a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook County, Illinois</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trial</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">September 17 – October 5, 2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sentence</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>6+3⁄4 years in prison (served <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3+1⁄4 years)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> The murder of Laquan McDonald took place on October 20, 2014, in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>. McDonald was a 17-year-old who was fatally shot by a <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police</a> Officer, Jason Van Dyke.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Police had initially reported that McDonald was behaving erratically while walking down the street, refusing to put down a knife, and that he had lunged at officers. Preliminary internal police reports described the incident similarly, leading to the shooting being judged as justifiable, and Van Dyke not being charged at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-5">[5]</a> This was later disproved after a video of the encounter was released, showing that McDonald was walking away. The video of the shooting was initially withheld from the public for more than a year, which later sparked criticism for the delay.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> On November 24, 2015, thirteen months after the shooting, a court ordered the police to release a dash cam video of the shooting. It showed that McDonald was walking away from the police when he was shot 16 times by Officer Van Dyke. That same day, Van Dyke was charged with <a href="/wiki/First-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="First-degree murder">first-degree murder</a>, and was initially held without bail at the <a href="/wiki/Cook_County_Jail" title="Cook County Jail">Cook County Jail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tribune2015-11-24-7">[7]</a> He was released on bail on November 30.<a href="#cite_note-CTPostsBond-8">[8]</a> The city reached a settlement with McDonald's family for $5 million in April 2015. On October 5, 2018, Van Dyke was found guilty of <a href="/wiki/Second-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-degree murder">second-degree murder</a>, as well as 16 counts of <a href="/wiki/Aggravated_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggravated battery">aggravated battery</a> with a firearm.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-guilty-9">[9]</a> Van Dyke was sentenced to prison in January 2019 and was released early for good behavior in February 2022. Protests followed the murder of McDonald, criticising the lack of transparency from the <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> administration, demanding changes in police and judicial procedures and <a href="/wiki/Police_oversight_in_Chicago" title="Police oversight in Chicago">police oversight</a>, and for the dismissal or resignation of city and county officials including the mayor. For several months, Emanuel had claimed that making the video public would jeopardize a federal investigation into the shooting and had resisted allowing the video to be shown to the public, however the Justice Department never raised any issues with the public release of the footage.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Rahm Emanuel had already won a second term in 2015 as <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Chicago" title="Mayor of Chicago">Mayor of Chicago</a> (prior to the release of the dash cam video), but Cook County State's Attorney <a href="/wiki/Anita_Alvarez" title="Anita Alvarez">Anita Alvarez</a> lost her bid for reelection in 2016. At the request of Illinois Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Madigan" title="Lisa Madigan">Lisa Madigan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> initiated a civil rights investigation into McDonald's murder and the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a>. It released its report in January 2017, describing the police as having a culture of "<a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">excessive violence</a>," especially against minority suspects, and of having poor training and supervision. DOJ and city officials signed a <a href="/wiki/Consent_decree" title="Consent decree">consent decree</a> for a plan for improvement to be overseen by the courts. Moreover, three Chicago police officers were tried for allegedly attempting to cover up events related to the murder, and were found <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">not guilty</a> by the Cook County Circuit Court on January 17, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_davey_smith-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr.org-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Profiles">Profiles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Profiles">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laquan_McDonald">Laquan McDonald</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Laquan McDonald">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laquan_Mcdonald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Laquan_Mcdonald.jpg/150px-Laquan_Mcdonald.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Laquan_Mcdonald.jpg/225px-Laquan_Mcdonald.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Laquan_Mcdonald.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Laquan McDonald</figcaption></figure> Laquan Joseph McDonald (September 25, 1997 – October 20, 2014)<a href="#cite_note-OIG_Annual_Report-14">[14]</a> was from the <a href="/wiki/West_Garfield_Park,_Chicago" title="West Garfield Park, Chicago">37th Ward</a> of Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-chicagotribune.com-15">[15]</a> According to NBC Chicago news, McDonald earned $1,100 working after school in the Youth Advocate Program in 2014. His final report card showed that he had earned an A in personal finance and music, a B in world studies and reading, and Cs in biology and algebra. He had a younger sister and brother. One of McDonald's teachers described him as "very respectful and reserved".<a href="#cite_note-nbc-16">[16]</a> The teacher added that McDonald "was not aggressive".<a href="#cite_note-nbc-16">[16]</a> Toxicology reports later revealed that McDonald had <a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">PCP</a> in his blood and urine at the time of the encounter with police.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Defense expert pharmacologist James Thomas O’Donnell testified that the amount found was enough to suggest he had taken the drug on the day of the shooting, and that it could cause "significant bizarre behavior".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jason_Van_Dyke">Jason Van Dyke</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jason Van Dyke">edit</a>]</div> Jason D. Van Dyke (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1978) was born in <a href="/wiki/Hinsdale,_Illinois" title="Hinsdale, Illinois">Hinsdale, Illinois</a>, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Hinsdale_South_High_School" title="Hinsdale South High School">Hinsdale South High School</a> in 1996. He earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice" title="Criminal justice">criminal justice</a> from <a href="/wiki/St._Xavier_University" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Xavier University">St. Xavier University</a> in Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-CT-20">[20]</a> A 14-year veteran of the Chicago Police Department, Van Dyke is married and has two children.<a href="#cite_note-CNN-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Since 2001, some 20 citizen complaints have been filed against Officer Van Dyke, but none resulted in disciplinary action.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Ten of the complaints allege he used excessive force, and two involve the use of a firearm.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> A jury awarded a Chicago man $350,000 after determining Van Dyke employed excessive force during a traffic stop.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-26">[26]</a> One complaint involved verbal abuse by Van Dyke, who used a <a href="/wiki/Nigger" title="Nigger">racial slur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Van Dyke was involved in preparing questionable documentation of a separate shooting in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, "the Chicago Police Department has about 12,000 officers. Like Van Dyke, 402 officers have 20 or more complaints on file in the database. The most complaints against any officer, according to the database, is 68. The database shows that of the 20 complaints against Van Dyke, none resulted in discipline. Five complaints in the database were "not sustained", five were unfounded, four resulted in <a href="/wiki/Exoneration" title="Exoneration">exoneration</a>, five had unknown outcomes, and one resulted in no action taken."<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> Shortly before 10:00 p.m., police were called to investigate McDonald at 4100 South <a href="/wiki/Pulaski_Road_(Chicago)" title="Pulaski Road (Chicago)">Pulaski Road</a>, responding to reports that he was carrying a knife<a href="#cite_note-CT-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-21">[21]</a> and breaking into vehicles in a trucking yard at 41st Street and Kildare Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-gornerCT-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[30]</a> When officers confronted McDonald, he used a knife with a 3-inch (7.6 cm) blade to slice the tire on a patrol vehicle and damage its windshield.<a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> McDonald walked away from police after numerous verbal instructions from officers to drop the knife,<a href="#cite_note-nydn2015-11-26-32">[32]</a> at which point responding officers requested <a href="/wiki/Taser" title="Taser">Taser</a> backup, according to radio recordings released December 30, 2015, to <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> and NBC Chicago in response to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Information Act (Illinois)">Illinois Freedom of Information Act</a> requests.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Video of the murder shows that Van Dyke was advancing on McDonald, while McDonald was walking away from Van Dyke when the first shot was fired. The first shot hit McDonald, who spun and fell to the ground.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> As McDonald lay on the ground, still holding the knife, Van Dyke fired more shots into him.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In total, Van Dyke fired 16 shots at McDonald in 14–15 seconds, expending the maximum capacity of his 9 mm semi-automatic firearm.<a href="#cite_note-nydn2015-11-26-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-how_a_teen-36">[36]</a> Van Dyke was on the scene for less than 30 seconds before opening fire, and began shooting approximately six seconds after exiting his car.<a href="#cite_note-nydn2015-11-26-32">[32]</a> The first responding officer said that he did not see the need to use force, and none of the approximately eight other officers on the scene fired their weapons.<a href="#cite_note-how_a_teen-36">[36]</a> McDonald was taken to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Medical_Center" title="Mount Sinai Medical Center">Mount Sinai Hospital</a>, where he was pronounced dead at 10:42 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_police_report">Initial police report</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Initial police report">edit</a>]</div> The initial police portrayals of the incident, consisting of about 400 pages of typed and handwritten reports,<a href="#cite_note-Medina-38">[38]</a> prompted police supervisors to rule the case a <a href="/wiki/Justifiable_homicide" title="Justifiable homicide">justifiable homicide</a> and within the bounds of the department's use of force guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-Tareen-39">[39]</a> The reports did not say how many times McDonald was shot, and said that McDonald was acting "crazed" and lunged at officers after refusing to drop his knife.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-5">[5]</a> Michael D. Robbins, one of the attorneys representing the McDonald estate, said his initial thoughts were that, "I didn't think there was a case if he had lunged at a police officer", adding, "The police narrative, without exception, is that the use of force is justified and necessary, which it sometimes is."<a href="#cite_note-$1M_per_shot-40">[40]</a> One police report described that McDonald "raised the knife across chest" and pointed it at Van Dyke.<a href="#cite_note-Tareen-39">[39]</a> Van Dyke told investigators that he feared McDonald would rush him with the knife or throw it at him, and he also recalled a 2012 Police Department bulletin warning about a knife that was also capable of firing a bullet, as well as throwing knives and also spring-loaded knives capable of propelling the blade.<a href="#cite_note-Tareen-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> One report noted that McDonald's knife, "was in the open position", but when announcing charges against Van Dyke, Cook County State's Attorney Anita Alvarez said that the knife was found folded at the scene.<a href="#cite_note-Medina-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tareen-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_report">Medical report</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Medical report">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laquan_McDonald_autopsy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Laquan_McDonald_autopsy.jpg/220px-Laquan_McDonald_autopsy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Laquan_McDonald_autopsy.jpg/330px-Laquan_McDonald_autopsy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Laquan_McDonald_autopsy.jpg/440px-Laquan_McDonald_autopsy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1583" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Diagram from McDonald's autopsy report</figcaption></figure> According to the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office's autopsy report, which was revealed by journalist <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Kalven" title="Jamie Kalven">Jamie Kalven</a> through a public records request,<a href="#cite_note-Levine-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-$1M_per_shot-40">[40]</a> McDonald was shot in his neck, chest, back, both arms, and right leg, and he also had a graze wound on his left scalp.<a href="#cite_note-gornerCT-29">[29]</a> Nine of the 16 shots hit McDonald's back,<a href="#cite_note-How_justice-42">[42]</a> and he was shot as he lay on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> His death was ruled a <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicide</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dash-cam_video">Dash-cam video</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dash-cam video">edit</a>]</div> Five police videos of the murder are known to exist, including the view from a camera mounted in the marked police SUV that Van Dyke was riding in as he and his partner responded to the scene.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-chicago_officials-45">[45]</a> The videos show that at least eight police vehicles responded to the scene, but as of 2015 no video had been released from the other three vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a> Chicago police officers are required to make sure that their video systems are working properly,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and that they should "submit a ticket if they are unable to download digitally recorded data." There were no repair tickets requested by any of the three vehicles missing video on the scene that night.<a href="#cite_note-nbcchicago.com-47">[47]</a> When video footage was initially released, it did not contain audio,<a href="#cite_note-nbcchicago.com1-48">[48]</a> although Chicago Police dashboard cameras should automatically record audio when the video recording is activated. According to a CPD video, "The in-car camera system automatically engages both the audio and the video recording when the vehicles' emergency roof lights are activated," and each vehicle has a front and rear camera and microphone.<a href="#cite_note-nbcchicago.com-47">[47]</a> City officials initially blamed a technical problem.<a href="#cite_note-chicago_officials-45">[45]</a> It was later revealed that the audio recording equipment in officer Van Dyke's vehicle had been "intentionally damaged," according to records from police technicians.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Another car's audio was disabled, as the microphones were in the glove compartment, with the batteries inserted backwards. For a third, a mobile start-up recorder was corrupted, and another camera was processing other video at the time.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Sun-Times</a> published that a sergeant reported officers throwing their microphones on the roof of the Jefferson Park police station to the Internal Police Review Authority, a month and a half before the release of the Laquan McDonald dashcam video in an apparent protest against being recorded.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_Order_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal Order of Police">Fraternal Order of Police</a> president Dean Angelo defended officers in an interview, saying that operator error could be any number of accidents, adding, "Things always trickle downhill so it winds up the responsibility of the beat officer—God forbid it's the responsibility of the agency."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burger_King_surveillance_video">Burger King surveillance video</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Burger King surveillance video">edit</a>]</div> There was also a security camera at a nearby <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> restaurant that possibly captured the shooting, but during the time of the shooting, there is a gap of 86 minutes<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> in the recording.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The manager of the restaurant said that on the night of the shooting, five Chicago police officers gained access to the video and passwords on the equipment, and that by the time the Independent Police Review Authority requested to view the footage the next day, it had been erased.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Tribune</a> later obtained footage showing a Chicago police employee working on the restaurant's computers after the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-new_emails-56">[56]</a> However, according to <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> sources, the video taken from the Burger King surveillance camera was not altered, and there were gaps throughout the surveillance video, because the system at Burger King was a "mess".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="$5_million_settlement">$5 million settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: $5 million settlement">edit</a>]</div> Attorneys for the estate of Laquan McDonald entered into negotiations with the City of Chicago to settle claims arising out of his murder. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_City_Council" title="Chicago City Council">Chicago City Council</a> approved a $5 million settlement to McDonald's family on April 15, 2015,<a href="#cite_note-timeline-59">[59]</a> although the family had not yet filed a <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_death_claim" title="Wrongful death claim">wrongful death</a> lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Emails from the mayor's office surrounding the case later revealed the settlement deal was finalized the day after the Mayor of Chicago, <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a>, secured his second term by a run-off election.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd-61">[61]</a> Part of the settlement agreement required that the video be sealed until investigations were completed, which could have delayed the release of the video for years.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Aldermen were not shown the dash-cam video before approving the settlement, although city Corporation Counsel Stephen Patton said that the existence of the video influenced the council's decision to settle before a lawsuit, and details about the video were given to the Finance Committee during a hearing.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a> The decision took only "5 seconds out of a two hour, 45 minute meeting" to approve.<a href="#cite_note-took_seconds-63">[63]</a> Dick Simpson, a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Chicago" title="University of Illinois Chicago">UIC</a> political scientist and former <a href="/wiki/Chicago_alderman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago alderman">Chicago alderman</a>, said "It's odd, not only in this case, but maybe in others, that there isn't more debate on the floor, because that's where the public gets informed."<a href="#cite_note-took_seconds-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_proceedings">Legal proceedings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legal proceedings">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Requests_for_documents">Requests for documents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Requests for documents">edit</a>]</div> Reporters noted inconsistencies between the narrative police told reporters, the autopsy, and an anonymous eyewitness account before the video was publicly released.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> A whistle-blower expressed concern over the handling of the McDonald shooting a few weeks after the shooting, revealing "that there was a video and that it was horrific", to journalist <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Kalven" title="Jamie Kalven">Jamie Kalven</a> and attorney Craig Futterman.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The pair issued a statement calling on Chicago police to release the dash-cam video of the incident.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-5">[5]</a> The city of Chicago denied at least 15 requests for its release.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-5">[5]</a> Brandon Smith, a freelance journalist, and William Calloway, a community activist, filed a request for the video under the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Information Act (Illinois)">Freedom of Information Act</a> in May 2015.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> When the request was denied, Smith, through his attorney Matt Topic, filed a lawsuit against the City of Chicago in Cook County Circuit Court.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Attorney_General" title="Illinois Attorney General">Illinois Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Madigan" title="Lisa Madigan">Lisa Madigan</a> sent a letter to the Police Department the day before a court hearing, stating that they cannot withhold the video. She said that they had not substantiated their claim that releasing the video would interfere with an ongoing investigation or jeopardize a fair trial if any officer was charged. On November 19, Cook County Judge Franklin Valderrama denied the city's request for a stay, ordering the video to be released to the public no later than November 25. The city did not appeal the judge's decision.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levine-5">[5]</a> On November 24, after a press conference,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> the video was released that showed an officer fatally shooting McDonald.<a href="#cite_note-tribune2015-11-24-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investigations">Investigations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Investigations">edit</a>]</div> A criminal investigation also began weeks after the shooting, when the Independent Police Review Authority (IPRA) forwarded the case to the state's attorney's office and the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a> The U.S. attorney's office confirmed on April 13, 2015,<a href="#cite_note-timeline-59">[59]</a> that they had been conducting a federal criminal investigation of the McDonald case in conjunction with the state attorney's office, after contradictions were found between the initial police report and the dash-cam video.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a> The police report said that McDonald had lunged at an officer, but the video footage showed that McDonald made no lunges.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The video does show that McDonald was swinging the knife in his right hand in a wide, but aimless manner as he walked down the street, and also appears to show that McDonald turns slightly to look briefly at Van Dyke and another officer who are pointing guns at him, but that he continues to walk away from both officers at the moment Van Dyke opens fire on him.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> On December 2, 2015, Illinois Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Madigan" title="Lisa Madigan">Lisa Madigan</a> asked the U.S. Justice Department to launch a separate civil rights investigation of Chicago police tactics.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-city_wavering-73">[73]</a> DOJ enlarged the scope of their investigation based on early findings, issuing a report in January 2017 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style>(see <a href="#2017_DOJ_report_and_repercussions">§ 2017 DOJ report and repercussions</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Van_Dyke's_trial">Van Dyke's trial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Van Dyke's trial">edit</a>]</div> On November 24, 2015, the same day the video was released, <a href="/wiki/Cook_County_State%27s_Attorney" title="Cook County State's Attorney">Cook County State's Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Alvarez" title="Anita Alvarez">Anita Alvarez</a> announced that Van Dyke was charged with first-degree murder, and Van Dyke turned himself in to authorities.<a href="#cite_note-CNNSpins-74">[74]</a> He was initially held without <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cook_County_Jail" title="Cook County Jail">Cook County Jail</a> for six days.<a href="#cite_note-face_charge-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Crowd funding website <a href="/wiki/GoFundMe" title="GoFundMe">GoFundMe</a> shut down a page that was set up to raise funds for his legal defense<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> shortly after it had raised just over $10,000.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> On November 30, Van Dyke was granted bail, set at $1,500,000. He posted $150,000—ten percent of the bail—and was released from jail.<a href="#cite_note-CTPostsBond-8">[8]</a> On December 16, Van Dyke was <a href="/wiki/Indict" class="mw-redirect" title="Indict">indicted</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> on six counts of first-degree murder and one count of <a href="/wiki/Official_misconduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Official misconduct">official misconduct</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The six counts of first-degree murder were: <ul><li>Murder/Intent to Kill/Injure With Firearm,</li> <li>Murder/Strong Probability to Kill/Injure With Firearm,</li> <li>Murder/Intent to Kill/Injure Discharge Firearm,</li> <li>Murder/Strong Probability to Kill/Injure Discharge Firearm,</li> <li>Murder/Intent to Kill/Injure Discharge Firearm Proximately, and</li> <li>Murder/Strong Probability to Kill/Injure Discharge Firearm Proximately.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li></ul> On December 29, 2015, Van Dyke pleaded not guilty to the charges.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a> Van Dyke's attorney, Daniel Herbert, said that his client fears for his life. Protesters yelled at him and called him names as he approached the courthouse for his arraignment. After the arraignment, Herbert said he was looking for evidence to clear his client's name.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a> On January 29, 2016, Herbert accused Chicago's mayor of tainting possible jurors, as he considered an effort to move the trial outside of Cook county:<blockquote>It's been dozens and dozens of comments where [Rahm Emanuel] essentially indicted my client. He's characterized my client's actions as being heinous without even seeing the videotape. So when the mayor of the city in which the pool of jurors is drawn from has taken such an adamant stance, it makes it extremely difficult for us to get a juror in here who is not predisposed to a finding of guilt.<a href="#cite_note-Cop's_attorney-82">[82]</a></blockquote> If convicted of first-degree murder, Van Dyke would have faced a prison sentence of 20 years to life.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The case marked the first time in nearly 35 years that a Chicago police officer had been charged with first-degree murder for an on-duty fatality.<a href="#cite_note-face_charge-75">[75]</a> On March 23, 2017, the charges against Van Dyke were six counts of first degree murder and 16 counts of aggravated battery, one for each shot fired at Laquan McDonald.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Jury selection began on September 5, 2018, and the trial commenced on September 17.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> On October 5, 2018, Van Dyke was found guilty of second degree murder and 16 counts of aggravated battery with a firearm, but was acquitted of official misconduct.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-guilty-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On January 18, 2019, Van Dyke was sentenced to 81 months (almost 7 years) in prison for the second-degree murder conviction alone instead of the other more serious charges, which was contrary to Illinois Supreme Court precedent.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Illinois Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Raoul" title="Kwame Raoul">Kwame Raoul</a> filed a request with the Illinois Supreme Court to vacate Van Dyke's sentence for second-degree murder and impose a sentence on each of the 16 aggravated battery counts. A majority of Illinois Supreme Court Justices voted to deny this request without a hearing or explanation.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Two of the justices authored dissenting opinions, stating the decision of the sentencing judge had been unlawful.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Department_of_Corrections" title="Illinois Department of Corrections">Illinois Department of Corrections</a> refused to disclose the state prison where Van Dyke was initially incarcerated to serve his sentence, citing safety reasons. He was transferred on February 5, 2019, to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Danbury" title="Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury">Federal Correctional Institution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury, Connecticut</a>. During his first week at this facility, he was assaulted by other inmates while in the general population.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Sometime after the assault, he was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Otisville" title="Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville">Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In November 2019, he was moved from the Otisville federal prison to a state prison outside Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On February 3, 2022, Van Dyke was released from prison after serving 39 months of his 81-month sentence. He was eligible to be released early due to good behavior in prison. He was subsequently on mandatory supervised release, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial_of_March,_Walsh,_and_Gaffney">Trial of March, Walsh, and Gaffney</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Trial of March, Walsh, and Gaffney">edit</a>]</div> On June 27, 2017, three current or former Chicago police officers were charged with conspiracy, official misconduct, and obstruction of justice connected with a coverup of the shooting. Those charged were David March, the lead detective in this case, Joseph Walsh, Van Dyke's partner on the night of the shooting, and Thomas Gaffney.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Their bench trial began on November 27, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> On January 17, 2019, Cook County Judge Domenica Stephenson found them not guilty of the charges.<a href="#cite_note-npr.org-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests">Protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Protests">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="November_protests">November protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: November protests">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_Protest_-_November_24,_2015_-_Michigan_Ave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chicago_Protest_-_November_24%2C_2015_-_Michigan_Ave.jpg/142px-Chicago_Protest_-_November_24%2C_2015_-_Michigan_Ave.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chicago_Protest_-_November_24%2C_2015_-_Michigan_Ave.jpg/213px-Chicago_Protest_-_November_24%2C_2015_-_Michigan_Ave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chicago_Protest_-_November_24%2C_2015_-_Michigan_Ave.jpg/283px-Chicago_Protest_-_November_24%2C_2015_-_Michigan_Ave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Protest on November 24, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Avenue_(Chicago)" title="Michigan Avenue (Chicago)">Michigan Ave.</a>, in response to recent video footage showing 17-year old Laquan McDonald being shot and killed by a Chicago police officer</figcaption></figure> After the release of the video on November 24, 2015, a few hundred people blocked the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Road" title="Roosevelt Road">Roosevelt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Avenue_(Chicago)" title="Michigan Avenue (Chicago)">Michigan</a> avenues in protest.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On November 25, 2015, more protests were held.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On the second night of protest, marchers tore off lights from a public <a href="/wiki/Christkindlmarket,_Chicago" title="Christkindlmarket, Chicago">Christmas tree</a> in Daley Plaza and multiple marchers were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On Friday, November 27, <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">a major day for Christmas shopping in the U.S.</a>, a group of protesters chanted "sixteen shots" and other slogans while marching on <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Avenue_(Chicago)" title="Michigan Avenue (Chicago)">Michigan Avenue</a>, the city of Chicago's central shopping district. This caused some businesses to shut their doors and the police closed Michigan Avenue, a six-lane street.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="December_protests">December protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: December protests">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/200px--Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="3272" data-mwtitle="Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm/Chicago_Police_Board_Hearing_12_9_2015.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Video of <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Police">Chicago Police</a> Board Hearing on December 9, 2015</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest,_Chicago,_December_2015_(23611780470).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Protest%2C_Chicago%2C_December_2015_%2823611780470%29.jpg/200px-Protest%2C_Chicago%2C_December_2015_%2823611780470%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Protest%2C_Chicago%2C_December_2015_%2823611780470%29.jpg/300px-Protest%2C_Chicago%2C_December_2015_%2823611780470%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Protest%2C_Chicago%2C_December_2015_%2823611780470%29.jpg/400px-Protest%2C_Chicago%2C_December_2015_%2823611780470%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Protest on December 9, 2015</figcaption></figure> A 16-hour sit-in at the Cook County building on December 3, 2015, proceeded after Alvarez refused to resign on December 2.<a href="#cite_note-sit-in-106">[106]</a> Protests erupted in the Loop after Mayor Emanuel called a special council meeting to apologize for his slow reaction to fix problems within the Chicago police department.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-59">[59]</a> On December 24, a month after the video had been published, protests disrupting Christmas-season shopping were again held on Michigan Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Protesters also stood in the alley behind Emanuel's home the last three days in a row in December, promising to continue for 13 more days—to symbolize the 16 shots McDonald took from police—in an effort to force Emanuel to resign.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> On New Year's Eve, protesters temporarily took over parts of City Hall and a Hyatt hotel lobby, chanting "Rahm gotta go."<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January_protests">January protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: January protests">edit</a>]</div> Over 100 African-American pastors boycotted the 30-year tradition of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. Interfaith Breakfast, hosted by Chicago's mayor Rahm Emanuel. The breakfast was attended by Rev. Matthew Ross, who interrupted the proceedings when he stood up and began to chant "16 shots and a cover-up" during a musical performance.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The day after <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a>, about 200 Black Youth Project 100 Chicago Chapter members, dressed in black T-shirts with the words "Fund Black Futures" written across them, blocked the entrance of the Chicago Patrolmen's Federal Credit Union in an effort to protest the Fraternal Order of Police's advocacy of the Chicago police department. City officials continue to deal with the aftermath of the McDonald shooting and are working to change the long-standing policy of keeping police shooting video under wraps.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Protesters chanted "16 shots and a cover-up!" as Officer Van Dyke walked into court for a status hearing on January 29, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Cop's_attorney-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="February_protests">February protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: February protests">edit</a>]</div> Laquan McDonald protesters hijacked a rally to support Apple's decision to fight back in the <a href="/wiki/Apple%E2%80%93FBI_encryption_dispute" title="Apple–FBI encryption dispute">Apple–FBI encryption dispute</a> in front of the Apple store on Michigan Avenue on February 24, 2016. Protesters started chants against Alvarez and Emanuel, but the crowd dispersed after several in the crowd got into a shoving match with police.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="March_protests">March protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: March protests">edit</a>]</div> A rally started at State and Jackson consisting of "less than 50 people" on March 2, 2016, to mark 500 days since the shooting of Laquan McDonald. Other protesters were arrested for blocking the flow of traffic on Adams near Michigan Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_reactions">Other reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other reactions">edit</a>]</div> On November 25, 2015, Senator and presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> released a statement sending condolences to McDonald's family and criticizing the Emanuel administration and Chicago's police force.<a href="#cite_note-Sanders-114">[114]</a> On November 29, 2015, Jabari Dean, a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Chicago" title="University of Illinois Chicago">University of Illinois Chicago</a>, posted an online threat to kill 16 unspecified white males — one for every shot fired at McDonald, plus any white police officers who might intervene — at the university. The university announced that classes would be cancelled the next day.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The same day, the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> arrested Dean, who was charged with "transmitting in interstate commerce communications containing a threat to injure the person of another."<a href="#cite_note-ChargedTransmittingThreat-116">[116]</a> Federal prosecutors stated they did not believe Dean had the means to carry out the attack he had threatened. The federal charge was later dropped against Dean.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper" title="Chance the Rapper">Chance the Rapper</a> referred to the shooting on <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> on December 12, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> He would refer to the shooting again on his second appearance on the show with <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> on February 13, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On June 2, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Vic_Mensa" title="Vic Mensa">Vic Mensa</a> released a song entitled "16 Shots", referring to McDonald's death.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chicago_Police_Accountability_Task_Force">Chicago Police Accountability Task Force</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Chicago Police Accountability Task Force">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf/page1-150px-PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf/page1-225px-PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf/page1-300px-PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>The Chicago Police Accountability Task Force final report</figcaption></figure> On December 1, 2015, Rahm Emanuel created the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Accountability_Task_Force" title="Chicago Police Accountability Task Force">Chicago Police Accountability Task Force</a>, led by then-President of the Chicago Police Board <a href="/wiki/Lori_Lightfoot" title="Lori Lightfoot">Lori Lightfoot</a>, "to review the system of accountability, oversight and training that is currently in place for <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago's police</a> officers."<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The Task Force's final report, published April 13, 2016, found racism and systemic failures in the city's police force, validating complaints made for years by African-American residents.<a href="#cite_note-Recommendations_for_Reform-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firing_of_Superintendent_Garry_McCarthy">Firing of Superintendent Garry McCarthy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Firing of Superintendent Garry McCarthy">edit</a>]</div> Emanuel fired the head of the Chicago Police Department, Superintendent <a href="/wiki/Garry_McCarthy" title="Garry McCarthy">Garry McCarthy</a>, on December 1, 2015, under political pressure from protesters.<a href="#cite_note-fired-124">[124]</a> McCarthy knew of the dash-cam video a few weeks after the shooting and stripped Officer Van Dyke of his police powers. Due to the IPRA investigation under way, McCarthy could not fire the officer, nor discipline him or put him on a "no pay" status.<a href="#cite_note-fired-124">[124]</a> McCarthy refused to resign, so Emanuel fired him.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_for_Anita_Alvarez's_resignation">Calls for Anita Alvarez's resignation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Calls for Anita Alvarez's resignation">edit</a>]</div> Cook County State's Attorney <a href="/wiki/Anita_Alvarez" title="Anita Alvarez">Anita Alvarez</a> was criticized by political challengers and others for the delay in the release of the dash-cam video, which she viewed weeks after the shooting,<a href="#cite_note-Nixon-126">[126]</a> and the long wait to charge Van Dyke for McDonald's death. This took more than a year and was completed only hours before the court-ordered release of the video. She faced a difficult primary election in March 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Alvarez_defends-127">[127]</a> Calls for her resignation came from within her own party, including Cook County Board President <a href="/wiki/Toni_Preckwinkle" title="Toni Preckwinkle">Toni Preckwinkle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> As of December 2, 2015, Alvarez had refused to resign, which prompted a 16-hour sit-in by protesters at the Cook County building on December 3, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-sit-in-106">[106]</a> Alvarez said she had been cooperating with the FBI investigation since November 2014, and asked her critics why she would call in the FBI if she was attempting a cover-up.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a> She also defended Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a>'s comments that it would be premature to release the dash-cam video in light of the investigation, saying it "was in the best interest of the investigation".<a href="#cite_note-Alvarez_defends-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Foxx" title="Kim Foxx">Kim Foxx</a>, a former prosecutor running against Alvarez with support by Jesse Jackson and other civil rights leaders,<a href="#cite_note-How_justice-42">[42]</a> disagrees: <blockquote>By waiting so long to press charges in this case, State's Attorney Alvarez has done the McDonald family and the entire criminal justice system a heinous disservice. She waited until her hand was forced by intense political and media pressure surrounding the release of this painful video. She waited even after City Hall was prepared to pay the McDonald family $5 million in damages.<a href="#cite_note-Alvarez_defends-127">[127]</a></blockquote> In the 2016 election for Cook County State's Attorney, Alvarez was the subject of an activist campaign (sometimes referred to as "#ByeAnita") that criticized her for her handling of the Laquan McDonald and <a href="/wiki/Rekia_Boyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a> cases, along with her broader role in the criminal justice system.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Alvarez lost her bid for reelection in the March 2016 primary, earning 29 percent of the votes. Challenger <a href="/wiki/Kim_Foxx" title="Kim Foxx">Kim Foxx</a>, who ran on a platform of criminal justice reform, won with 58 percent of the votes, and went on to win the general election.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_for_Rahm_Emanuel's_resignation">Calls for Rahm Emanuel's resignation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Calls for Rahm Emanuel's resignation">edit</a>]</div> McDonald's killing occurred four months before Emanuel faced a difficult campaign for reelection in February 2015. (He failed to win the majority and was elected by 56 percent in a <a href="/wiki/Runoff_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Runoff election">runoff election</a>—the first in Chicago's history— against <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_%22Chuy%22_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesús "Chuy" García">Jesús "Chuy" García</a>.)<a href="#cite_note-How_justice-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The delayed timing of release of the video, the Chicago City Council's awarding the family $5 million within weeks of McDonald's death,<a href="#cite_note-How_justice-42">[42]</a> and Emanuel firing Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy,<a href="#cite_note-Nixon-126">[126]</a> prompted some commentators to accuse the city of cover-up. Journalist Ben Joravsky wrote in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">Chicago Reader</a>: <blockquote>Just imagine [if] Mayor Emanuel had released the video in, say, November [2014]—without being forced to by a lawsuit.... But of course, he didn't do the right thing. He buried the video. He allowed officials to mislead the public. He hid the tapes because most likely he [...] assumed it would hurt his reelection campaign. Thus he not only did the immoral thing, he did the politically stupid thing. Cook County state's attorney Anita Alvarez probably would've quickly responded with an indictment—just like she did earlier this week, when the tape actually was released. I mean, it's really hard to look at that tape and not call for an indictment. If the mayor had done that, he wouldn't be the villain in this sordid story. He'd be the hero. Or at least the guy who finally, for once in his life, did the right thing.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></blockquote> Emanuel subsequently created the Task Force on Police Accountability to review current training and oversight for Chicago's police officers.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rahm_says-136">[136]</a> He also maintained he never saw the dash-cam video until it was publicly released and would not resign.<a href="#cite_note-Rahm_says-136">[136]</a> Emanuel's image received a blow when U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Chang" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond Chang">Edmond Chang</a> accused city attorney Jordan Marsh, an attorney who handled cases in the office that represents the city in police misconduct lawsuits, of hiding evidence in a fatal police shooting.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> There was no legal mechanism to force Emanuel's resignation.<a href="#cite_note-personal-138">[138]</a> State representative <a href="/wiki/La_Shawn_K._Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="La Shawn K. Ford">La Shawn K. Ford</a> filed House Bill 4356 to set up the mechanism for a recall election,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> but it was not passed. Illinois Republican governor <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rauner" title="Bruce Rauner">Bruce Rauner</a> said he would sign such a bill.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_released_of_shooting_of_Ronald_Johnson_III">Video released of shooting of Ronald Johnson III</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Video released of shooting of Ronald Johnson III">edit</a>]</div> On December 1, 2015, the city announced that there was a video of a fatal police shooting that took place on October 12, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-59">[59]</a> Cook County State's Attorney Anita Alvarez's office investigated possible criminal charges against Officer George Hernandez (whose name was revealed on December 7),<a href="#cite_note-Johnsonvid_released-141">[141]</a> who shot Ronald Johnson III in the back during a foot chase. The officer opened fire seconds after arriving on the scene, when Johnson was moving away from police.<a href="#cite_note-city_wavering-73">[73]</a> Johnson was allegedly a known gang member and also allegedly armed; a gun was recovered at the scene. The attorney for Johnson's family contends police planted the weapon.<a href="#cite_note-city_wavering-73">[73]</a> The city fought to keep the video of the incident secret so as not to jeopardize the officer's <a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">right to a fair trial</a> should he be indicted.<a href="#cite_note-city_wavering-73">[73]</a> As in the McDonald case, the video lacks audio.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a> The city released the video on December 7 due to pressure for transparency prompted by the McDonald case. No charges have been filed against Hernandez.<a href="#cite_note-lingering-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnsonvid_released-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De-escalation_and_Taser_training">De-escalation and Taser training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: De-escalation and Taser training">edit</a>]</div> On December 30, 2015, Emanuel announced sweeping reforms within the police department, including new police training for handling tense situations and equipping every officer with a Taser, to be used to control suspects. All officers were to be equipped and trained by June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Officers at the McDonald scene were waiting for a Taser to arrive before Van Dyke shot the suspect. At that time, 21.5 percent of officers had been trained to use a Taser.<a href="#cite_note-Kadner-143">[143]</a> Dean Angelo, president of the Chicago chapter of the Fraternal Order of Police, said on the subject: "I know there are people on the job for 9 or 10 years who have not been trained. I can't say they have all requested training, but I am sure some have. It's very hard to get the proper training as a Chicago police officer and that's something that has been going on for a very long time. There is certainly a percentage of my members who believe that the Chicago Police Department doesn't offer the same level of training, or the same opportunities to obtain training, as many other police departments in the country. I think the general attitude is that's just 'Welcome to the Chicago Police Department.'"<a href="#cite_note-Kadner-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emails_from_the_mayor's_office_released">Emails from the mayor's office released</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Emails from the mayor's office released">edit</a>]</div> On December 31, 2015, 3,085 pages of emails<a href="#cite_note-quell-144">[144]</a> split across seven PDFs<a href="#cite_note-dump-145">[145]</a> regarding the McDonald case and other police-related matters were obtained under the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Freedom_of_Information_Act" title="Illinois Freedom of Information Act">Illinois Freedom of Information Act</a>. The timing of the release (on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>) has been described by reporters as "strategic".<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The exchanges show that the mayor's staff had been communicating with both the IPRA and the office of the Cook County state attorney since the October 2014 shooting. They document fact-gathering and news-monitoring, to crafting a unified "message" on how to respond to media inquiries regarding the McDonald shooting. The emails included several highly redacted speech drafts to use if the video was released,<a href="#cite_note-new_emails-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-quell-144">[144]</a> prepared nearly a year before the release of the dash-cam video, which Emanuel's top aides knew existed.<a href="#cite_note-new_emails-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rummana-147">[147]</a> The emails also cover the topics of discrepancies between the police reports and dash-cam video, the lack of audio on the dash-cam videos (which senior mayoral adviser David Spielfogel noted: "The number of malfunctions seems a bit odd."), express exasperation with statements made by the IPRA, note the missing Burger King footage, and reports on protests and social media activity—all of which is highly redacted.<a href="#cite_note-dump-145">[145]</a> The media characterized the emails as calling into question the "independence" of the Independent Police Review Authority (IPRA), an agency approved by Chicago City Hall in 2007 to investigate allegations of police misconduct and made up entirely of civilian members.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Aides to the mayor have responded that the communications were routine and did not interfere with the IPRA's investigation.<a href="#cite_note-quell-144">[144]</a> Scott Ando, the former head of the IPRA who was fired by Emanuel in December, concurred that the mayor's office never interfered in the agency's investigations. He said: "We were generally asked to clear every messaging or release to the press ... I really think if I'd been allowed to be more responsive to the questions that were posed, it would have cleared the air a lot sooner."<a href="#cite_note-Rummana-147">[147]</a> The emails also reveal communication from the mayor's office with influential religious leaders Reverend <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> and Father <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pfleger" title="Michael Pfleger">Michael Pfleger</a>, asking them to soften their critical remarks on the case and explain the city could not fire Officer Van Dyke due to the IPRA investigation.<a href="#cite_note-new_emails-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-quell-144">[144]</a> Streetsblog Chicago reporter Steven Vance, Chicago Teachers Union member Luke Carman, and Twitter user "natalie solidarity", among others, collaborated on an effort to catalog the documents for easier access by readers.<a href="#cite_note-dump-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Request_for_emails_from_Van_Dyke_and_other_police_officers">Request for emails from Van Dyke and other police officers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Request for emails from Van Dyke and other police officers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Public_Access_Opinion_16-006" title="Illinois Public Access Opinion 16-006">Illinois Public Access Opinion 16-006</a></div> In January 2016, CNN submitted a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Information Act (Illinois)">Freedom of Information Act</a> request for emails regarding the McDonald case from Van Dyke, his partner, and other police officers. CNN requested emails from both official CPD email accounts and personal email accounts. However, after CNN appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Public_Access_Counselor" title="Illinois Public Access Counselor">Public Access Counselor</a>, CPD officials revealed that they had not attempted to look through the officers' personal email accounts, arguing that personal emails are not public records subject to disclosure.<a href="#cite_note-:1-149">[149]</a> In August that year, Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Madigan" title="Lisa Madigan">Lisa Madigan</a> ruled that emails on personal accounts that pertain to public business must be disclosed to the public. Her ruling was a binding opinion, requiring CPD to search the officers' email accounts and comply with the decision within 35 days.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> CPD appealed the ruling in court, and lost in September 2017. Ultimately, CNN never received the emails that it had requested. Each of the officers, individually or through their attorneys, either refused to provide emails, ignored the request, or denied having any relevant emails.<a href="#cite_note-:1-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documents_from_2005_Incident">Documents from 2005 Incident</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Documents from 2005 Incident">edit</a>]</div> In May 2016, CNN revealed documents of a 2005 incident, in which Van Dyke had written a police report without speaking to any of the personnel or witnesses at the scene of another police shooting. Records of the investigation indicated that Van Dyke had also inappropriately thrown out the original documents pertaining to the case.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_recommendations_that_officers_be_fired">Two recommendations that officers be fired</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Two recommendations that officers be fired">edit</a>]</div> On August 16, 2016, inspector Joseph Ferguson recommended that 10 officers be fired, followed up by Superintendent <a href="/wiki/Eddie_T._Johnson" title="Eddie T. Johnson">Eddie T. Johnson's</a> recommendation on August 18, that 7 police officers be fired for false or misleading statements made about the incident.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_DOJ_report_and_repercussions">2017 DOJ report and repercussions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 2017 DOJ report and repercussions">edit</a>]</div> DOJ announced the completion of their investigation and issued a "scathing report" in early January 2017, noting problems in a police culture of excessive violence, especially against minorities; and lack of training and oversight. DOJ and the city have a preliminary agreement to undertake broad reforms for improvement, with the goal of increasing the safety of both citizens and officers. It noted the department's improvements, such as training in de-escalation to avoid use of force, issuance of Tasers, officers wearing body cameras, and the reshaping of a police oversight body.<a href="#cite_note-DOJnpr-153">[153]</a> Also in January 2017, the city and DOJ signed "an agreement in principle to work together, with community input, to create a federal court-enforceable consent decree addressing the deficiencies uncovered during the investigation. An independent monitor, who has yet to be chosen, will oversee compliance."<a href="#cite_note-winsorDOJ-154">[154]</a> In February 2017, U.S. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a> signaled that the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> would "pull back" on federal civil rights probes of local police departments. He would not commit to enforcing the consent decree signed by Chicago and the Department of Justice.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In June 2017, Mayor Emanuel backed off his commitment to enter a court-enforced agreement with the federal government. He said that an independent monitor selected by the city could work with the Justice Department to pursue police reforms without court oversight.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Later that month, a group of civil rights organizations filed a federal lawsuit seeking court enforcement of police reforms.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Also in June, <a href="/wiki/Toni_Preckwinkle" title="Toni Preckwinkle">Toni Preckwinkle</a>, the president of the <a href="/wiki/Cook_County_Board_of_Commissioners" title="Cook County Board of Commissioners">Cook County Board of Commissioners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_%22Chuy%22_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesús "Chuy" García">Jesús "Chuy" García</a>, another member of the Cook County Board, advocated for judicial oversight,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> as did Chicago Inspector General Joseph Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> In August 2017, Illinois Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Madigan" title="Lisa Madigan">Lisa Madigan</a> filed a lawsuit in federal court requesting that a judge oversee police reform in Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In July 2018, Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel and Illinois attorney general Lisa Madigan announced a proposed court settlement that was the first draft of a consent decree that would eventually serve as a court-enforced mandate governing reforms of the Chicago Police Department.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentary_film">Documentary film</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Documentary film">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a> is a documentary film about the shooting of Laquan McDonald and the subsequent police cover-up. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rowley_(film_director)" title="Richard Rowley (film director)">Richard Rowley</a>, and produced by Jacqueline Soohen and <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Kalven" title="Jamie Kalven">Jamie Kalven</a>. Originally titled The Blue Wall, it premiered on May 1, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Docs_Canadian_International_Documentary_Festival" title="Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival">Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Rowley subsequently updated the film to include later events, and re-titled it 16 Shots. The revised documentary premiered on June 14, 2019, on the <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> network.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_homicides_in_Illinois" title="List of homicides in Illinois">List of homicides in Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States,_October_2014" title="List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, October 2014">List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, October 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skullcap_Crew" class="mw-redirect" title="Skullcap Crew">Skullcap Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Burge" title="Jon Burge">Jon Burge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_oversight_in_Chicago" title="Police oversight in Chicago">Police oversight in Chicago</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210090156/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-ent-16-shots-showtime-review-0604-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=16+Shots+Documentary+Review%3A+On+Chicago%27s+Mean+Streets%2C+Who+Controls+the+Narrative%3F&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftv%2Fct-ent-16-shots-showtime-review-0604-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Laquan+McDonald" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorn2019" class="citation web cs1">Zorn, Eric (June 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/eric-zorn/ct-perspec-zorn-laquan-mcdonald-documentary-jason-van-dyke-showtime-20190613-story.html">"Laquan Mcdonald Documentary Glosses Over the Lingering Outrage of the Notorious Case"</a>. Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210090248/https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/eric-zorn/ct-perspec-zorn-laquan-mcdonald-documentary-jason-van-dyke-showtime-20190613-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Laquan+Mcdonald+Documentary+Glosses+Over+the+Lingering+Outrage+of+the+Notorious+Case&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft.aulast=Zorn&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fcolumns%2Feric-zorn%2Fct-perspec-zorn-laquan-mcdonald-documentary-jason-van-dyke-showtime-20190613-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Laquan+McDonald" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix2N6_jLAgA">External video dashcam footage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond" title="Aalayah Eastmond">Aalayah Eastmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr." title="Bruce Franks Jr.">Bruce Franks Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Garner" title="Erica Garner">Erica Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Hearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle Hearns">Elle Hearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hudson" title="Sandy Hudson">Sandy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Imani" title="Blair Imani">Blair Imani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson" title="Natalie Aleta Jackson">Natalie Aleta Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Jones" title="Jari Jones">Jari Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishaura_Jones" title="Tishaura Jones">Tishaura Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariame_Kaba" title="Mariame Kaba">Mariame Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kamai" title="Brittany Kamai">Brittany Kamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaya_Khan" title="Janaya Khan">Janaya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">Shaun King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong" title="Nekima Levy Armstrong">Nekima Levy Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lewis" title="Eva Lewis">Eva Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Mallory" title="Tamika Mallory">Tamika Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McHarris" title="Philip McHarris">Philip McHarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye" title="Muhiyidin Moye">Muhiyidin Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_Newsome" title="Bree Newsome">Bree Newsome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver" title="Nikkita Oliver">Nikkita Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo" title="Ijeoma Oluo">Ijeoma Oluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teressa_Raiford" title="Teressa Raiford">Teressa Raiford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Reid" title="Jen Reid">Jen Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Stevens" title="Nova Stevens">Nova Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_(Minnesota_politician)" title="John Thompson (Minnesota politician)">John Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Assa Traoré">Assa Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware" title="Syrus Marcus Ware">Syrus Marcus Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests" title="2015–2016 University of Missouri protests">2015–2016 University of Missouri protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">removal of monuments and memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial of Derek Chauvin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">violence and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Birders_Week" title="Black Birders Week">Black Birders Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Academic strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Land" title="Orisha Land">Orisha Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">vehicle-ramming attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests" title="Tyre Nichols protests">Tyre Nichols protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter protests in New York City">Protests in New York City</a></li> <li>List of George Floyd protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">outside the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests" title="List of Daunte Wright protests">List of Daunte Wright protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Deaths protested</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant" title="Killing of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan" title="Killing of Mark Duggan">Mark Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr." title="Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.">Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith" title="Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith">Anthony Lamar Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2012–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham" title="Killing of Ramarley Graham">Ramarley Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis" title="Murder of Jordan Davis">Jordan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West" title="Death of Tyrone West">Tyrone West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey" title="Killing of Miriam Carey">Miriam Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Renisha McBride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna" title="Death of Natasha McKenna">Natasha McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray" title="Killing of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" title="Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Woods">Mario Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn" title="Killing of Greg Gunn">Greg Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">Adama Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson" title="Killing of Jamarion Robinson">Jamarion Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty" title="Death of Elijah Doughty">Elijah Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">Jocques Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards" title="Murder of Jordan Edwards">Jordan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">Edson Da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles" title="Death of Rashan Charles">Rashan Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon" title="Killing of Patrick Harmon">Patrick Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber" title="Killing of Anthony Weber">Anthony Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark" title="Killing of Stephon Clark">Stephon Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters" title="Killing of Marcus-David Peters">Marcus-David Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr." title="Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.">Antwon Rose Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton" title="Killing of Markeis McGlockton">Markeis McGlockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick" title="Killing of Daniel Hambrick">Daniel Hambrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean" title="Murder of Botham Jean">Botham Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford" title="Death of Tamla Horsford">Tamla Horsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson" title="Killing of Jemel Roberson">Jemel Roberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">EJ Bradford Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson" title="Killing of George Robinson">George Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy" title="Killing of Willie McCoy">Willie McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin" title="Killing of Danquirs Franklin">Danquirs Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse" title="Murder of Lassana Cisse">Lassana Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene" title="Killing of Ronald Greene">Ronald Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco" title="Death of Layleen Polanco">Layleen Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi" title="Death of Shukri Abdi">Shukri Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa" title="Death of Christopher Kapessa">Christopher Kapessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain" title="Killing of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson" title="Killing of Atatiana Jefferson">Atatiana Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson" title="Killing of Dion Johnson">Dion Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade" title="Killing of Tony McDade">Tony McDade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims" title="Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims">Oluwatoyin Salau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson" title="Killing of Carlos Carson">Carlos Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis" title="Killing of Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace" title="Death of Chaniece Wallace">Chaniece Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill" title="Murder of Andre Hill">Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Dolal Idd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott" title="Death of Marvin Scott">Marvin Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright" title="Killing of Daunte Wright">Daunte Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni" title="Killing of Lindani Myeni">Lindani Myeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant" title="Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant">Ma'Khia Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr." title="Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.">Andrew Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier" title="Killing of Leneal Frazier">Leneal Frazier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke" title="Killing of Amir Locke">Amir Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya" title="Killing of Patrick Lyoya">Patrick Lyoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker" title="Killing of Jayland Walker">Jayland Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis" title="Killing of Donovan Lewis">Donovan Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols" title="Killing of Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno" title="Killing of Irvo Otieno">Irvo Otieno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely" title="Killing of Jordan Neely">Jordan Neely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II" title="Killing of Ricky Cobb II">Ricky Cobb II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman" title="Killing of Johnny Hollman">Johnny Hollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young" title="Killing of Ta'Kiya Young">Ta'Kiya Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure" title="Killing of Leonard Cure">Leonard Cure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Dexter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson" title="Killing of Roger Fortson">Roger Fortson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Sonya Massey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Other cases protested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalief_Browder" title="Kalief Browder">Kalief Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">2015 Texas pool party incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey" title="Shooting of Charles Kinsey">Shooting of Charles Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl" title="Shooting of Ralph Yarl">Shooting of Ralph Yarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident" title="Rankin County torture incident">Rankin County torture incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter art in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_George_Floyd" title="Bust of George Floyd">Bust of George Floyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Black Lives Matter art in Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="George Floyd mural (Portland, Oregon)">George Floyd mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_with_You" title="We Stand with You">We Stand with You</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Say_Their_Names" title="Say Their Names">Say Their Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Floyd" title="Statue of George Floyd">Statue of George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Street_murals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Street murals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Cincinnati)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Indianapolis)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Salt_Lake_City)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Santa_Cruz,_California)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)">Santa Cruz, California</a></li> <li>Seattle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Seattle_City_Hall)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)">City Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Boys" title="All American Boys">All American Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Software" title="Black Software">Black Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(young_adult_novel)" title="Blackout (young adult novel)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit(ish)" title="Brit(ish)">Brit(ish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Martin" title="Dear Martin">Dear Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street">I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets" title="3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets">3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Son_(2019_film)" title="American Son (2019 film)">American Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Station_(film)" title="Fruitvale Station (film)">Fruitvale Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Revolution" title="Generation Revolution">Generation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_(film)" title="Stranger Fruit (film)">Stranger Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers" title="Two Distant Strangers">Two Distant Strangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F" title="Whose Streets?">Whose Streets?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_(song)" title="The Bigger Picture (song)">The Bigger Picture</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)" title="Black Parade (song)">Black Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate" title="Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate">Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chains_(Usher_song)" title="Chains (Usher song)">Chains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl" title="Cop vs. Phone Girl">Cop vs. Phone Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Freedom (Beyoncé song)">Freedom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout" title="Hell You Talmbout">Hell You Talmbout</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lavender_(Nightfall_Remix)" title="Lavender (Nightfall Remix)">Lavender (Nightfall Remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy" title="Loyal Like Sid & Nancy">Loyal Like Sid & Nancy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Otherside_of_America" title="Otherside of America">Otherside of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Riot_(XXXTentacion_song)" title="Riot (XXXTentacion song)">Riot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rockstar_(DaBaby_song)" title="Rockstar (DaBaby song)">Rockstar (BLM Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed" title="The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed">The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_(song)" title="Snow on tha Bluff (song)">Snow on tha Bluff</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us" title="What They'll Say About Us">What They'll Say About Us</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Privilege_II" title="White Privilege II">White Privilege II</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White" title="Colin in Black & White">Colin in Black & White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town" title="Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town">Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_(TV_series)" title="Woke (TV series)">Woke (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Activist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters" title="Assata's Daughters">Assata's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future" title="Black Feminist Future">Black Feminist Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective" title="Black Visions Collective">Black Visions Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackinChem" title="BlackinChem">BlackinChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYP100" title="BYP100">BYP100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland" title="Don't Shoot Portland">Don't Shoot Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United" title="Millennial Activists United">Millennial Activists United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement" title="Mothers of Gynecology Movement">Mothers of Gynecology Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies" title="Peoples Power Assemblies">Peoples Power Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">#SayHerName</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party" title="Taking the Initiative Party">Taking the Initiative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives" title="White Coats for Black Lives">White Coats for Black Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Groups associated with opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter" title="Black Guns Matter">Black Guns Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russian disinformation campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm" title="United Citizens' Alarm">United Citizens' Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest">list of incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Black maternal mortality in the United States">Black maternal mortality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotype of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">Driving while black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_Black" title="Running while Black">Running while Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_while_black" title="Shopping while black">shopping while black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests" title="U.S. national anthem kneeling protests">National anthem protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter" title="Police brutality against Native Americans">Native Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_perjury" title="Police perjury">police perjury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century" title="Militarization of police">militarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">pain compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">use of deadly force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">use of torture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Police misconduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_arrest#United_States" title="False arrest">false arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_quota" title="Ticket quota">ticket quota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_power" title="Rest in power">Rest in power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">Taking the knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_stop" title="Terry stop">Terry stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Category:Black Lives Matter">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chicago_Police_Department" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chicago_Police_Department" title="Template:Chicago Police Department"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chicago_Police_Department" title="Template talk:Chicago Police Department"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago_Police_Department" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago Police Department"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chicago_Police_Department" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_Chicago_Police_Department" title="List of heads of the Chicago Police Department">List of heads of the Chicago Police Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_District_Police_Station" title="7th District Police Station">7th District Police Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Precinct_/_Town_Hall_Police_Station" title="42nd Precinct / Town Hall Police Station">42nd Precinct / Town Hall Police Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homan_Square_facility" title="Homan Square facility">Homan Square facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_oversight_in_Chicago" title="Police oversight in Chicago">Oversight agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-American_Patrolmen%E2%80%99s_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-American Patrolmen’s League">Afro-American Patrolmen’s League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Accountability_Task_Force" title="Chicago Police Accountability Task Force">Chicago Police Accountability Task Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murder of Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Killing of Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Killing of Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Killing of Dexter Reed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Burge" title="Jon Burge">jon Burge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Alternative_Policing_Strategy" title="Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy">Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_v._Wardlow" title="Illinois v. Wardlow">Illinois v. Wardlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Virtual_Shield" title="Operation Virtual Shield">Operation Virtual Shield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&oldid=1258976972">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald&oldid=1258976972</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Chicago" title="Category:2014 in Chicago">2014 in Chicago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_in_Chicago" title="Category:2015 in Chicago">2015 in 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