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nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Bolshevism" title="Category:National Bolshevism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.6em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Bolshevik_Eagle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/National_Bolshevik_Eagle.svg/125px-National_Bolshevik_Eagle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/National_Bolshevik_Eagle.svg/188px-National_Bolshevik_Eagle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/National_Bolshevik_Eagle.svg/250px-National_Bolshevik_Eagle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="287" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Core tenets</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasein#Other_applications" title="Dasein"><i>Dasein</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Querfront</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">Social revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benes_Ayo" title="Benes Ayo">Ayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bouchet" title="Christian Bouchet">Bouchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cl%C3%A9menti_(politician)" title="Pierre Clémenti (politician)">Clémenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Els%C3%A4sser" title="Jürgen Elsässer">Elsässer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Eltzbacher" title="Paul Eltzbacher">Eltzbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Kitsikis" title="Dimitri Kitsikis">Kitsikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Koth" title="Michael Koth">Koth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kurginyan" title="Sergey Kurginyan">Kurginyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Laufenberg" title="Heinrich Laufenberg">Laufenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Michel" title="Luc Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Graf_zu_Reventlow" title="Ernst Graf zu Reventlow">Reventlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Otto_Paetel" title="Karl Otto Paetel">Paetel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Perinçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhanov" title="Alexander Prokhanov">Prokhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Soral" title="Alain Soral">Soral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Thiriart" title="Jean-François Thiriart">Thiriart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Vasilyevich_Ustryalov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Vasilyevich Ustryalov">Ustryalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Wolffheim" title="Fritz Wolffheim">Wolffheim</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Widerstand_(magazine)" title="Widerstand (magazine)">Widerstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankya_(novel)" title="Sankya (novel)">Sankya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_That_Wasn%27t" title="The Revolution That Wasn't">The Revolution That Wasn't</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da,_smert" title="Da, smert">Da, smert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonka_(newspaper)" title="Limonka (newspaper)">Limonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(German_magazine)" title="Compact (German magazine)">Compact</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampfbund_Deutscher_Sozialisten" title="Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten">Combat League of German Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence_of_Time" title="Essence of Time">Essence of Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Native_Language!" title="For the Native Language!">For the Native Language!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Europe" title="Jeune Europe">Jeune Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladorossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mladorossi">Mladorossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Front" title="National Bolshevik Front">National Bolshevik Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Russia)" title="National Salvation Front (Russia)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Resistance" title="New Resistance">New Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Nouvelle Résistance">Nouvelle Résistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Communautaire_National-Europ%C3%A9en" title="Parti Communautaire National-Européen">National-European Communitarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Communautaire_Europ%C3%A9en" title="Parti Communautaire Européen">European Communitarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interbrigades" title="Interbrigades">Interbrigades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Association" title="Popular Resistance Association">Popular Resistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenovekhovtsy" title="Smenovekhovtsy">Smenovekhovtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Heritage" title="Spiritual Heritage">Spiritual Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Workers' Party of Germany">Workers' Party of Germany</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Conservative Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_antisemitism" title="Economic antisemitism">Economic antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal Fascism">Feudal Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="MAGA Communism">MAGA Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">National communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_communism_in_Romania" title="National communism in Romania">in Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosocialism" title="Neosocialism">Neosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">left-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">Red fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green%E2%80%93brown_alliance" title="Red–green–brown alliance">Red–green–brown alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_patriotism" title="Socialist patriotism">Socialist patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_patriotism" title="Soviet patriotism">Soviet patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Nazism_and_Stalinism" title="Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism">Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism_and_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinism and antisemitism">Stalinism and antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretic politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankie" title="Tankie">Tankie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulusalc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusalcılık">Ulusalcılık</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Bolshevism" title="Template:National Bolshevism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Bolshevism" title="Template talk:National Bolshevism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Bolshevism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Bolshevism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationalism" title="Category:Nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a> forming</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation" title="Father of the Nation">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">Treasure</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core values</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">Allegiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_nationalism" title="Types of nationalism">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_nationalism" title="Blind nationalism">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_nationalism" title="Business nationalism">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_chauvinism" title="Welfare chauvinism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">Constitutional patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate nationalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-nationalism">Cyber-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">populism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mysticism" title="National mysticism">Mystic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim nationalism">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rexism">Rexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-nationalism" title="Techno-nationalism">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_nationalism" title="Territorial nationalism">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Trans-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nationalist_organizations" title="List of nationalist organizations">List of nationalist organizations</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">National indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postnationalism" title="Postnationalism">Post-</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_nationalities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of nationalities (page does not exist)">Principle of nationalities</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_des_nationalit%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="fr:Principe des nationalités">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Seasonal or cultural festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">in Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Template:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Querfront</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈkveːɐ̯fʁɔnt]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">cross-front</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> term originating in Weimar politics and referring to the cooperation between the <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">far-left</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> ideologies, as well as the combination of their positions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is primarily understood as a strategy to unite forces in an effort to gain power. The term was first, and most prominently, used in the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, where it referred to the cooperation between <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">conservative revolutionaries</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left</a>. </p><p>The term sees adoption as a descriptor, or outright stated strategy, in modern-day Germany. Some have however criticized the modern usage as inaccurate from a historical perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some factions and members in the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">KPD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Workers' Party of Germany">KAPD</a>, who rejected the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, were ready to align themselves with dissident nationalist groups in the German army in order to garner more support.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These members, primarily <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Laufenberg" title="Heinrich Laufenberg">Heinrich Laufenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Wolffheim" title="Fritz Wolffheim">Fritz Wolffheim</a>, were at the time described as "<a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolsheviks</a>", but would retroactively also be cited as examples of the <i>Querfront</i> strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, explicit National Bolsheviks such as <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Ernst Niekisch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Otto_Paetel" title="Karl Otto Paetel">Karl Otto Paetel</a> would emerge, which directly supported the combination of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> ideologies. Paetel explicitly engaged in this strategy, stating the goal of his organizations, first the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbeitsring_junge_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbeitsring junge Front (page does not exist)">Arbeitsring junge Front</a></i>, and later the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_of_Social_Revolutionary_Nationalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group of Social Revolutionary Nationalists (page does not exist)">Group of Social Revolutionary Nationalists</a>, to bring together radicals of left and right in pursuit of a "third way" between the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">NSDAP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">KPD</a>, encompassing both <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> and socialist economics.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> between 1932 and 1933, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Schleicher" title="Kurt von Schleicher">Kurt von Schleicher</a>, is credited with the first practical use of the strategy, in part characterizing the term, seeking to create a Querfront as a support base for his chancellorship through attempting to split off the <a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserist</a> segment of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> in order to merge it with the <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a> as way of forcing Hitler to support his government.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This plan however failed, and it is disputed if Schleicher was actually serious about his proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_examples_and_usage">Modern examples and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern examples and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a February 1989 interview with the magazine <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempo_(newspaper,_1986-1996)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempo (newspaper, 1986-1996) (page does not exist)">Tempo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo_(Zeitschrift)" class="extiw" title="de:Tempo (Zeitschrift)">de</a>]</span></i> in February 1989, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/German_neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="German neo-Nazi">German neo-Nazi</a> scene at the time, <a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a>, was asked why <a href="/wiki/Anarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchists">anarchists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazis">neo-Nazis</a> did not band together to fight the state, and stated in response: "There are a number of reasons for acting together: both the <a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">National Socialists</a> despise the bourgeois order. Both hate its decadence and fight against democracy. After we have gotten rid of this pig system, we can squabble about which order is superior."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Kampfbund_Deutscher_Sozialisten" title="Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten">Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten</a></i> (1999–2008) was founded with the explicit aim of uniting the political <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right</a> via the Querfront strategy, wanting to eliminate differences between the two sides and serve as a "Discussion and combat forum on the basis of the collective commitment to <i><a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">Volk</a></i> [nation] and homeland".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strategy has failed the group overall, it being able to attract few actual leftists and being described by a former member, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Reitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axel Reitz (page does not exist)">Axel Reitz</a>, as "nothing more than the usual neo-nazi group", which lead to its dissolution in 2008. Despite this overall failure however, the Berlin sector of the organization led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Koth" title="Michael Koth">Michael Koth</a>, a former communist activist who lead his own Querfront group before the KDS known as the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Workers' Party of Germany">Workers' Party of Germany</a> (PdAD), was said to have a far more <a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">national bolshevik</a> lean, taking influences from both <a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">SED</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 protests in Germany">COVID-19 protests in Germany</a>, some publications have used the term to refer to left-wing and right-wing cooperation on demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Begrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Begrich (page does not exist)">David Begrich</a> however argued in the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Tageszeitung" title="Die Tageszeitung">taz</a></i>, that the term was misused in the situation since, while the left and right had cooperated, their generally opposing ideals remained separate and didn't combine or move towards approaching each other.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former prominent politician <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">Left Party</a>, now <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Sahra_Wagenknecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht">BSW</a>, her own party) has on some occasions been accused of running on a Querfront strategy through her idea of "conservative leftism".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This accusation became most prominent after the Berlin peace rally on 14 February 2023 organized by Wagenknecht and feminist <a href="/wiki/Alice_Schwarzer" title="Alice Schwarzer">Alice Schwarzer</a>, which called for negotiations and a stop of military support to Ukraine, since many supporters of Russia and the far-right were in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2023 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> additionally suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> is trying to establish a German anti-war coalition between Wagenknecht and the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> based on the Querfront model.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term Querfront is also used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> taking on, or rather more explicitly talking about, left-wing issues such as <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalism</a>, or taking on left-wing strategies as seen in the <a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonomous Nationalists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Querfront_media">Modern Querfront media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern Querfront media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany, a number of media outlets were founded in the 2000s that followed Querfront ideologies. Many of them defame those who work according to journalistic standards as “mainstream media” and use the term “alternative media” for themselves. According to a study by Wolfgang Storz from 2015, the heterogeneous actors consisting of right-wing populists, conspiracy theorists and anti-Semites used their exclusion offensively. It contributes to establishing identity and increasing attention.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Main Querfront outlets are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(German_magazine)" title="Compact (German magazine)">Compact</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> German magazine founded by former left-wing activist <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Els%C3%A4sser" title="Jürgen Elsässer">Jürgen Elsässer</a> has variously been described as a "Querfront-Magazine".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubikon_(website)" title="Rubikon (website)">Manova News</a></i>, formerly known as <i>Rubikon</i>, is a German right-wing online blog, noted for spreading <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy ideologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motto of the blog is “Magazine for Freedom and Peace, Environment and Human Rights”. Its editor-in-chief is Roland Rottenfußer.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(German_magazine)" title="Compact (German magazine)">Compact (German magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Ernst Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Fourth_Cabinet" title="Fico's Fourth Cabinet">Fico's Fourth Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampfbund_Deutscher_Sozialisten" title="Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten">Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Schleicher" title="Kurt von Schleicher">Kurt von Schleicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Koth" title="Michael Koth">Michael Koth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Pacification" title="Pact of Pacification">Pact of Pacification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">Red fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green%E2%80%93brown_alliance" title="Red–green–brown alliance">Red–green–brown alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Workers' Party of Germany">Workers' Party of Germany</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeter2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peter, Erik (21 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taz.de/!5685710/">"Rechte Ideologie auf Hygienedemos: Links und rechts vereint auf Demos?"</a>. <i>Die Tageszeitung: taz</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0931-9085">0931-9085</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Tageszeitung%3A+taz&rft.atitle=Rechte+Ideologie+auf+Hygienedemos%3A+Links+und+rechts+vereint+auf+Demos%3F&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft.issn=0931-9085&rft.aulast=Peter&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaz.de%2F%215685710%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/lexikon/querfront">"Querfront | Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung"</a>. <i>www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de&rft.atitle=Querfront+%7C+Brandenburgische+Landeszentrale+f%C3%BCr+politische+Bildung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de%2Flexikon%2Fquerfront&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Brou%C3%A9" title="Pierre Broué">Pierre Broué</a>, Ian Birchall, Eric D. Weitz, John Archer, <i>The German Revolution, 1917–1923</i>, Haymarket Books, 2006, pp. 325–326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy S. Brown, <i>Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance</i>, Berghahn Books, 2009, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, <i>Weimar Radicals</i>, pp. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Ashby_Turner1996" class="citation book cs1">Henry Ashby Turner (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/hitlersthirtyday00turn"><i>Hitler's thirty days to power</i></a>. Internet Archive. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-40714-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-40714-3"><bdi>978-0-201-40714-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+thirty+days+to+power&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-201-40714-3&rft.au=Henry+Ashby+Turner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitlersthirtyday00turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2008" class="citation journal cs1">Turner, Henry Ashby (2008). "The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy". <i>Central European History</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 673–681. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008938908000885">10.1017/S0008938908000885</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-9389">0008-9389</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20457400">20457400</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146641485">146641485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+History&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+Chancellor+Von+Schleicher%27s+Querfront+Strategy&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=673-681&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0008-9389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146641485%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20457400%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008938908000885&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Henry+Ashby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waahr.de/texte/ich-k%C3%BChnen-%E2%80%93-deutschlands-gef%C3%BCrchtetster-nazi-erkl%C3%A4rt-sich">"Ich, Kühnen – Deutschlands gefürchtetster Nazi erklärt sich"</a>. <i>waahr.de</i> (in German). 26 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=waahr.de&rft.atitle=Ich%2C+K%C3%BChnen+%E2%80%93+Deutschlands+gef%C3%BCrchtetster+Nazi+erkl%C3%A4rt+sich&rft.date=2013-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waahr.de%2Ftexte%2Fich-k%25C3%25BChnen-%25E2%2580%2593-deutschlands-gef%25C3%25BCrchtetster-nazi-erkl%25C3%25A4rt-sich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfassungsschutzberichte.de/pdfs/vsbericht-nw-1999.pdf">"Verfassungsschutzbericht NRW 1999"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verfassungsschutzbericht+NRW+1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverfassungsschutzberichte.de%2Fpdfs%2Fvsbericht-nw-1999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209153004/http://www.kds-im-netz.de/wir.htm">"Wer sind wir - Langener Erklärung"</a>. 7 April 2005. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wer+sind+wir+-+Langener+Erkl%C3%A4rung&rft.date=2005-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kds-im-netz.de%2Fwir.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrumkeWagner2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grumke, Thomas; Wagner, Bernd (8 March 2013). <i>Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus: Personen — Organisationen — Netzwerke vom Neonazismus bis in die Mitte der Gesellschaft</i> (in German). Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-322-97559-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-322-97559-1"><bdi>978-3-322-97559-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+Rechtsradikalismus%3A+Personen+%E2%80%94+Organisationen+%E2%80%94+Netzwerke+vom+Neonazismus+bis+in+die+Mitte+der+Gesellschaft&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2013-03-08&rft.isbn=978-3-322-97559-1&rft.aulast=Grumke&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Bernd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfassungsschutzberichte.de/pdfs/vsbericht-be-2005.pdf">"Verfassungsschutzbericht Berlin 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verfassungsschutzbericht+Berlin+2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverfassungsschutzberichte.de%2Fpdfs%2Fvsbericht-be-2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurtz2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hurtz, Simon (12 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/coronavirus-verschwoerungstheorie-bill-gates-youtube-telegram-1.4904814">"Corona-Querfront: Feindbilder und Verschwörungsmythen"</a>. <i>Süddeutsche.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche.de&rft.atitle=Corona-Querfront%3A+Feindbilder+und+Verschw%C3%B6rungsmythen&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Hurtz&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fdigital%2Fcoronavirus-verschwoerungstheorie-bill-gates-youtube-telegram-1.4904814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZantke" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zantke, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jungle.world/artikel/2020/26/ein-jebsen-macht-noch-keine-querfront">"Ein Jebsen macht noch keine Querfront"</a>. <i>jungle.world</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jungle.world&rft.atitle=Ein+Jebsen+macht+noch+keine+Querfront&rft.aulast=Zantke&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjungle.world%2Fartikel%2F2020%2F26%2Fein-jebsen-macht-noch-keine-querfront&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmoll" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schmoll, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.n-tv.de/politik/politik_kommentare/Wagenknecht-die-Ein-Frau-Querfront-ohne-Mehrheit-article23947617.html">"Wagenknecht, die Ein-Frau-Querfront ohne Mehrheit"</a>. <i>n-tv.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=n-tv.de&rft.atitle=Wagenknecht%2C+die+Ein-Frau-Querfront+ohne+Mehrheit&rft.aulast=Schmoll&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.n-tv.de%2Fpolitik%2Fpolitik_kommentare%2FWagenknecht-die-Ein-Frau-Querfront-ohne-Mehrheit-article23947617.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVorreyer" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vorreyer, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/wagenknecht-friedensdemo-querfront-101.html">"Wagenknecht auf "Friedensdemo": "Sie haben Angst vor uns"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>tagesschau.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tagesschau.de&rft.atitle=Wagenknecht+auf+%22Friedensdemo%22%3A+%22Sie+haben+Angst+vor+uns%22&rft.aulast=Vorreyer&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finland%2Fwagenknecht-friedensdemo-querfront-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStöcker2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stöcker, Christian (26 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/kundgebung-in-berlin-querfront-ja-aber-bitte-diskret-kolumne-a-9abaaaab-c006-4cca-947a-f81465217086">"Kundgebung in Berlin: Querfront ja, aber bitte diskret! - Kolumne"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2195-1349">2195-1349</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Kundgebung+in+Berlin%3A+Querfront+ja%2C+aber+bitte+diskret%21+-+Kolumne&rft.date=2023-02-26&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft.aulast=St%C3%B6cker&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwissenschaft%2Fmensch%2Fkundgebung-in-berlin-querfront-ja-aber-bitte-diskret-kolumne-a-9abaaaab-c006-4cca-947a-f81465217086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/germany-left-party-wagenknecht-clash-after-peace-rally/a-64826659">"Germany: Left Party, Wagenknecht clash after 'peace' rally – DW – 02/27/2023"</a>. <i>dw.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tagesschau.de&rft.atitle=US-Medien%3A+Kreml-Plan+f%C3%BCr+deutsche+%22Querfront%22%3F&rft.aulast=Hesse&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Fausland%2Famerika%2Fwashington-post-russland-deutschland-querfront-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/news/washington-post-kreml-chef-wladimir-putin-will-querfront-aus-afd-und-sahra-wagenknecht-lager-angeblich-friedensbewegung-unterwandert-li.340638">"Geheimdokumente: Kreml will Querfront aus AfD und Wagenknecht-Lager"</a>. <i>Berliner Zeitung</i> (in German). 21 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berliner+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Geheimdokumente%3A+Kreml+will+Querfront+aus+AfD+und+Wagenknecht-Lager&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berliner-zeitung.de%2Fnews%2Fwashington-post-kreml-chef-wladimir-putin-will-querfront-aus-afd-und-sahra-wagenknecht-lager-angeblich-friedensbewegung-unterwandert-li.340638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boell.de/de/2017/01/25/querfront-volker-weiss-ueber-die-allianz-der-populisten">"Q wie Querfront: Über die Allianz der Populisten - mit Volker Weiß"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_Foundation" title="Heinrich Böll Foundation">Heinrich Böll Foundation</a>. 25 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Tageszeitung&rft.atitle=Neurechte+%22Friedensbewegung%22%3A+Im+Kampf+gegen+die+Medien-Mafia&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft.au=Erik+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaz.de%2F%215044069%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurtz2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hurtz, Simon (11 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/im-feindbild-vereint-falsch-aber-faszinierend-1.4903960">"Falsch, aber faszinierend"</a>. <i>Süddeutsche.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche.de&rft.atitle=Falsch%2C+aber+faszinierend&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.aulast=Hurtz&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Fim-feindbild-vereint-falsch-aber-faszinierend-1.4903960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdeutschlandfunk.de" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">deutschlandfunk.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/das-magazin-rubikon-journalistischer-grenzgaenger-100.html">"Das Magazin "Rubikon" - Journalistischer Grenzgänger"</a>. <i>Deutschlandfunk</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutschlandfunk&rft.atitle=Das+Magazin+%22Rubikon%22+-+Journalistischer+Grenzg%C3%A4nger&rft.au=deutschlandfunk.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschlandfunk.de%2Fdas-magazin-rubikon-journalistischer-grenzgaenger-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belltower.news/rubikon-news-ein-querfront-magazin-127171/">"Rubikon News: Ein Querfront-Magazin?"</a>. <i>Belltower.News</i> (in German). 20 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belltower.News&rft.atitle=Rubikon+News%3A+Ein+Querfront-Magazin%3F&rft.date=2022-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belltower.news%2Frubikon-news-ein-querfront-magazin-127171%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuerfront" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.rubikon.news/autoren/roland-rottenfusser">https://www.rubikon.news/autoren/roland-rottenfusser</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bozic, Ivo: <i>Die Querfront als weltpolitisches Phänomen.</i> In: Markus Liske, Manja Präkels (2015). <i>Vorsicht Volk!, oder, Bewegungen im Wahn?</i>. Verbrecher Verlag. ISBN 9783957321213</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Querfront&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpb.de/themen/linksextremismus/dossier-linksextremismus/522435/gibt-es-eine-aus-links-und-rechtsextremisten-bestehende-querfront/"><i>Gibt es eine aus Links- und Rechtsextremisten bestehende „Querfront“?</i></a> In: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_Civic_Education" title="Federal Agency for Civic Education">bpb</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Armin_Pfahl-Traughber" title="Armin Pfahl-Traughber">Prof. Dr. Armin Pfahl-Traughber</a> (2023)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antifainfoblatt.de/artikel/der-begriff-querfront-eine-historische-betrachtung">Der Begriff Querfront: Eine historische Betrachtung</a></i> In: <a href="/wiki/Antifaschistisches_Infoblatt" title="Antifaschistisches Infoblatt">Antifaschistisches Infoblatt</a>, AIB 62, Nr. 1/2004, 10. March 2004.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Querfront&oldid=1250048302">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Querfront&oldid=1250048302</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Syncretic_political_movements" title="Category:Syncretic political movements">Syncretic political movements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Revolutionary_movement" title="Category:Conservative Revolutionary movement">Conservative Revolutionary movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Authoritarianism" title="Category:Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_words_and_phrases" title="Category:German words and phrases">German words and phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_nationalism" title="Category:German nationalism">German nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Far-right_politics_in_Germany" title="Category:Far-right politics in Germany">Far-right politics in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Far-left_politics_in_Germany" title="Category:Far-left politics in Germany">Far-left politics in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Bolshevism" title="Category:National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2023">Use dmy dates from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_August_2023" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2023">Articles to be expanded from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 October 2024, at 05:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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