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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish iron founder</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Turner_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Richard Turner (disambiguation)">Richard Turner (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard Turner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Turner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Richard_Turner.png/220px-Richard_Turner.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Richard_Turner.png/330px-Richard_Turner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Richard_Turner.png/440px-Richard_Turner.png 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="755" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1798<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 October 1881 (aged 82/83)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">78 Rathmines Road,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dublin</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Jerome_Cemetery_and_Crematorium" title="Mount Jerome Cemetery and Crematorium">Mount Jerome Cemetery and Crematorium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Ironmaster and engineer</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Turner</b> (1798–1881) was an <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron_founder" title="Iron founder">iron founder</a> and manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">glasshouses</a>, born in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. He is rated as one of the most important glasshouse designers of his time.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His works included the Palm House at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Gardens</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a>), the glasshouse in the Winter Gardens at <a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the Palm House at <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Botanic_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfast Botanic Gardens">Belfast Botanic Gardens</a> and the Curvilinear Range at the <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Botanic_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish National Botanic Gardens">Irish National Botanic Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasnevin" title="Glasnevin">Glasnevin</a>, Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turner was born in Dublin around 1798, the son of a merchant Timothy Turner and Catherine (née Sissons). Both his grandfather and great-grandfather were also ironsmiths, the elder of which worked on the provost's house at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a>. Turner inherited the ironworks from his uncle, also named Richard Turner. Turner became a property speculator, building houses on Pembroke Road, Leeson Street and Rathmines Road in Dublin. All of the houses were known for their geometric fanlights. He married Jane Goodshaw in 1816, and the couple had at least 10 children.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iron_foundry_work">Iron foundry work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Iron foundry work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_-_London_-_September_2008_(2952041833).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kew_Gardens_-_London_-_September_2008_%282952041833%29.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_-_London_-_September_2008_%282952041833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kew_Gardens_-_London_-_September_2008_%282952041833%29.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_-_London_-_September_2008_%282952041833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kew_Gardens_-_London_-_September_2008_%282952041833%29.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_-_London_-_September_2008_%282952041833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Temperate_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate House">Temperate House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p>Turner earliest known curvilinear conservatory from 1833 at Colebrooke, County Fermanagh. In 1834, he set up the Hammersmith ironworks in <a href="/wiki/Ballsbridge" title="Ballsbridge">Ballsbridge</a>. It was from here that he made the lightest iron structures of the time using wrought iron ribs linked with cast iron tubes. One of his key patrons was Ninian Niven, the director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Botanic_Gardens_(Ireland)" title="National Botanic Gardens (Ireland)">National Botanic Gardens</a> at Glasnevin. Turner built the east side of the Palm House for the Gardens in 1834, and potentially the miniature version which is attached to Niven's house in Monkstown.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turner designed and constructed the railway sheds at Westland Row and at the Broadstone in Dublin, and <a href="/wiki/Lime_Street,_Liverpool" title="Lime Street, Liverpool">Lime Street</a> in Liverpool, but also turned his hand to the design and manufacture of railings, boilers, cisterns and bedsteads. His entry in Thom’s directory for 1849 describes him as ‘manufacturer of wrought-iron gates, railway conservatories, hothouses etc., and hot water engineer’, indicating the broad range of activities which the firm undertook.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Turner entered the initial competition for designs for the London International Exhibition of 1851 and out of 233 entries was jointly awarded the second prize along with an entry by Hector Horeau. The final built design was "The Crystal Palace" by Joseph Paxton.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INBG_Glasnevin_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/INBG_Glasnevin_28.jpg/220px-INBG_Glasnevin_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/INBG_Glasnevin_28.jpg/330px-INBG_Glasnevin_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/INBG_Glasnevin_28.jpg/440px-INBG_Glasnevin_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Turner's Curvilinear Range of glasshouses at the <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Botanic_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish National Botanic Gardens">Irish National Botanic Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premises">Premises</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Premises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turner's premises from the 1830s was at Hammersmith Works, <a href="/wiki/Ballsbridge" title="Ballsbridge">Ballsbridge</a>. The site was later owned by the building firm <a href="/wiki/G%26T_Crampton" title="G&T Crampton">G&T Crampton</a> until 1963, and is now the site of Hume House offices.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Samuel Lewis’s 1837 <i>Topographical Dictionary of Ireland</i>, he describes the new Hammersmith Works as part of the entry for ‘Ball’s-Bridge’ as follows: ‘Near the village are the Hammersmith iron-works, established in 1834 by Mr. R. Turner: the front of this extensive establishment is 200 feet long, presenting a handsome façade towards the road; and at the back are numerous dwelling houses for the workmen, which are called the Hammersmith cottages. The road on which these works are situated has been greatly improved; wide footpaths have been formed, and the whole is lighted with gas. Nearly adjoining the works are the botanical gardens belonging to Trinity College’. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marlfield,_Clonmel" title="Marlfield, Clonmel">Marlfield, Clonmel</a>, County Tipperary (1835–40)</li> <li>Bellvue at <a href="/wiki/Enniskillen" title="Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a> (1835)</li> <li>The wings of the palm house at <a href="/wiki/Botanic_Gardens_(Belfast)" title="Botanic Gardens (Belfast)">Belfast Botanic Gardens</a> (1839–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate House">Temperate House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a> with <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_house" title="Palm house">Palm house</a>, Kew Gardens with Burton</li> <li>Waterlily House, Kew Gardens with Burton</li> <li>The winter garden at Regent's Park, London (1845) dismantled in 1932</li> <li>Roofs at <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Broadstone_railway_station" title="Dublin Broadstone railway station">Dublin Broadstone railway station</a> (1847)</li> <li>Rath House, <a href="/wiki/Ballybrittas" title="Ballybrittas">Ballybrittas</a>, County Laois (1847–50)<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irish Genealogy Death Certificate <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_1881/06423/4845132.pdf">https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_1881/06423/4845132.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irish Genealogy Death Certificate <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_1881/06423/4845132.pdf">https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_1881/06423/4845132.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Turner (1798-1881) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://archiseek.com/tag/richard-turner/">http://archiseek.com/tag/richard-turner/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2009" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Jeremy (2009). "Turner, Richard". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). <i>Dictionary of Irish Biography</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turner%2C+Richard&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Turner+%28iron-founder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Lost Masterpieces" in the series "Architecture 3's", John McKean, published by Phaidon Press Limited, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B7148%2B3872%2B1" title="Special:BookSources/0+7148+3872+1">0 7148 3872 1</a>, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald1985" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Frank (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60079186"><i>The destruction of Dublin</i></a>. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-1386-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-1386-8"><bdi>0-7171-1386-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60079186">60079186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+destruction+of+Dublin&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Gill+and+Macmillan&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60079186&rft.isbn=0-7171-1386-8&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F60079186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Turner+%28iron-founder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Irish_Architects" title="Dictionary of Irish Architects">Dictionary of Irish Architects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dia.ie/architects/view/5405/turner%2C+richard+%2A">Richard Turner entry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ireland.archiseek.com/buildings_ireland/dublin/glasnevin/botanic.html">Curvilinear Range information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lewis_(publisher)" title="Samuel Lewis (publisher)">Lewis, S.</a> (1837) <i>A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland</i>, London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Thom_(almanac_editor)" title="Alexander Thom (almanac editor)">Thom, A.</a> (1849) <i>Dublin Street Directory</i>, Dublin.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCyBjRmgCY8TM3vmqJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122441125">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500002455">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/persons/1003366">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.008681.v1">Ireland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&oldid=1176070648">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)&oldid=1176070648</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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