Poster | Advertising, Design & History

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[{"p":1,"t":472127},{"p":8,"t":1032864},{"p":8,"t":611830},{"p":9,"t":478875},{"p":1,"t":240670},{"p":1,"t":36552},{"p":24,"t":477017},{"p":12,"t":457919},{"p":1,"t":1489895},{"p":1,"t":477067}], "sequence": 1, "topics": {} }); </script> <article class="article-content container-lg qa-content px-0 pt-0 pb-40 py-lg-20 content " data-topic-id="472127"> <div class="grid gx-0"> <div class="col-auto"> <div class="topic-left-rail md-article-drawer position-relative d-flex border-right-sm border-left-sm open"> <div class="drawer d-flex flex-column open"> <div class="left-rail-section-content"> <div class="topic-left-rail-header text-truncate bg-gray-50 position-relative text-right d-flex align-items-center"> <div class="tlr-title px-20 py-15 text-left"> <em class="material-icons text-gray-400 d-lg-none" data-icon="toc"></em> <a class="font-serif font-weight-bold text-black link-blue" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/poster">poster</a> </div> <button aria-label="Close" class="js-sections-close-button btn-link btn-sm btn d-lg-none position-absolute top-0 p-10 right-0" > <em class="material-icons font-26" data-icon="close"></em> </button> </div> <div class="section-content pl-10 pr-20 pl-sm-50 pr-sm-60 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-10 pt-10 pt-lg-0 bg-gray-50 clear-catfish-ad"> <div class="toc mb-20"> <div class="font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-15 mb-15 mt-20"> Table of Contents </div> <span class="toc-extra-link selected link-gray-900 mt-15"> Introduction </span> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/poster/additional-info">References & Edit History</a> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="/facts/poster">Related Topics</a> </div> <div class="tlr-media-slider pb-10 mb-30"> <a class="section-header link-gray-900 font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mb-10 mx-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/poster/images-videos">Images</a> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 "> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex overflow-hidden text-nowrap ml-15"> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/34/80034-050-6F0F5CF7/poster-LInhumaine-Marcel-LHerbier.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/97211" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/34/80034-004-4697B3EF/poster-LInhumaine-Marcel-LHerbier.jpg" alt="L'Inhumaine" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/245925-050-87C83AED/Collage-of-WWI-recruitment-posters.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/282545" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/245925-004-CF1EE501/Collage-of-WWI-recruitment-posters.jpg" alt="World War I recruitment posters" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/04/73204-004-D50B51FF/Poster-Chestnut-Street-Theatre-Philadelphia-1854.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/67490" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/04/73204-004-D50B51FF/Poster-Chestnut-Street-Theatre-Philadelphia-1854.jpg" alt="Poster for the Chestnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia, 1854." height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/50/72750-050-043CA25D/poster-Chromolithographic-Cincinnati-Industrial-Exposition-1883.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/73561" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/50/72750-004-B9B02B6D/poster-Chromolithographic-Cincinnati-Industrial-Exposition-1883.jpg" alt="Chromolithographic poster for the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition, 1883." height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/42/78142-050-61033DE2/Tightrope-Polish-Jan-Sawka.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/72154" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/42/78142-004-D6D9EC82/Tightrope-Polish-Jan-Sawka.jpg" alt="Polish circus poster" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/47/72747-050-9A9F94B1/Poster-Glasgow-Institute-of-Fine-Arts-J-1895.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/73555" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/47/72747-004-BEA75C73/Poster-Glasgow-Institute-of-Fine-Arts-J-1895.jpg" alt="Poster for the Glasgow Institute of Fine Arts, designed by J. Herbert McNair, Frances Macdonald, and Margaret Macdonald, 1895." height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/06/4706-004-45A4EE13/Jane-Avril-lithograph-poster-Henri-de-Toulouse-Lautrec-1893.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/167284" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/06/4706-004-45A4EE13/Jane-Avril-lithograph-poster-Henri-de-Toulouse-Lautrec-1893.jpg" alt="Jane Avril, lithograph poster by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1893; in the Toulouse-Lautrec Museum, Albi, France." height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/48/72748-050-C13226C2/Poster-Lorenzaccio-Sarah-Bernhardt-Alphonse-Mucha-1896.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/73556" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/48/72748-004-6AA78327/Poster-Lorenzaccio-Sarah-Bernhardt-Alphonse-Mucha-1896.jpg" alt="poster for the play Lorenzaccio" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/73209-050-F62CCBA9/poster-Plakatstil-matches-Priester-Lucian-Bernhard-1905.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/67520" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/73209-004-77C18F2C/poster-Plakatstil-matches-Priester-Lucian-Bernhard-1905.jpg" alt="Plakatstil poster for Priester matches, designed by Lucian Bernhard, 1905." height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/36/19236-050-BF50A3E2/Poster-Bal-du-Moulin-Rouge-Jules-Cheret-1889.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/17046" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/36/19236-004-DC792656/Poster-Bal-du-Moulin-Rouge-Jules-Cheret-1889.jpg" alt="Jules Chéret" height="50" /> </a> </div> <button disabled class="prev-button js-prev-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Previous"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></span> </button> <button disabled class="next-button js-next-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Next"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="mb-30 tlr-student-links"> <div class="text-gray-900 p-5 font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-10 mb-10"> For Students </div> <div class="imagelink-with-image-on-the-side card card-horizontal tlr-img-with-side-link ml-15 link-gray-900 mb-10" > <div class="position-relative card-media" style="flex: 0;"> <a class="ilf-image position-relative" href="/summary/poster"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.133.9" class="default " height="200" width="200"/> </a> </div> <div class="card-body ilf-content"> <a class="font-weight-semi-bold d-block mb-5 font-16 ilf-title" href="/summary/poster" >poster summary</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-30 tlr-discover"> <div class="text-gray-900 p-5 font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-10 mb-10"> Discover </div> <div class="imagelink-with-image-on-the-side card card-horizontal tlr-img-with-side-link ml-15 link-gray-900 mb-10" > <div class="position-relative card-media" style="flex: 0;"> <a class="ilf-image position-relative" href="/story/did-george-washington-really-say-i-cant-tell-a-lie"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/110382-050-E95BCB99/Grant-Woods-Parsons-Weems-Fable.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Parsons Weems' Fable, oil on canvas by Grant Wood, 1939; in the Amon Carter Museum of American Art. 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Whether promoting a product, an event, or a <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="sentiment" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sentiment" data-type="MW">sentiment</a> (such as patriotism), a poster must immediately catch the attention of the passerby. There is no set way to accomplish this; success can stem, for example, from the instantaneous impact of a concise, striking design or from the sumptuous appeal of an ornate work of art. By extension, the term <em>poster</em> is used to denote a paper panel printed for display as a novelty or as a work of art.</p><span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD2 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">Although printed public advertisements can be traced to the 15th century, the poster as it is understood today did not emerge until around 1860, given <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="impetus" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/impetus" data-type="MW">impetus</a> by the invention of <span id="ref59023"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/lithography" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">lithography</a>, which allowed brilliantly coloured posters to be produced cheaply and easily. The first of the great modern poster artists, <span id="ref59024"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Cheret" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Jules Chéret</a>, began his career in 1867 with a theatrical poster announcing a performance by <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarah-Bernhardt" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Sarah Bernhardt</a>. His <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="captivating" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/captivating" data-type="MW">captivating</a> depictions of the entertainers of Parisian night life, rendered in clear, radiant colours, dominated Paris displays for the last 30 years of the 19th century and also attracted others to the medium. The result was extraordinary <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="diversity" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diversity" data-type="MW">diversity</a> of style, from the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/folk-art-visual-arts" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">folk art</a> imagery of anonymous lithographers to major works by the best known of the poster artists, <span id="ref59025"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-de-Toulouse-Lautrec" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>. Lautrec’s posters of the 1890s, characterized by bold, dramatic designs, are lively and sensitive depictions of Parisian personalities.</p><span class="marker MOD2 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD3 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">Interest in the poster was heightened by the appearance in the 1890s of the style known as <span id="ref59026"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Nouveau" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Art Nouveau</a>, characterized by flowing, organic lines, elegant grace, and a richly complex symbolism. Because it combined decorative brilliance with a faith that fine art could be popular and useful, the movement found the poster a natural form. The undisputed master of Art Nouveau was a Czech living in Paris, <span id="ref59027"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alphonse-Mucha" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Alphonse Mucha</a>. His first poster was for Sarah Bernhardt; its exotic <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="Byzantine" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Byzantine" data-type="MW">Byzantine</a> ornament and subtle use of colour brought him overnight success; it was the first of a <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="legacy" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legacy" data-type="MW">legacy</a> of posters by him, ranging from grand theatre announcements to advertisements for cigarette papers and chocolate, that remain unsurpassed in beauty and inventiveness. Among the many other <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="manifestations" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifestations" data-type="MW">manifestations</a> of the Art Nouveau poster were, in Paris, the elegant works of Georges de Feure and Eugène Grasset; in the Netherlands, the stylized posters of <span id="ref59028"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jan-Toorop" class="md-crosslink ">Jan Toorop;</a> in Austria, the elegantly ordered works of Koloman Moser and Alfred Roller; and, finally, the work of <span id="ref59029"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Will-Bradley" class="md-crosslink ">Will Bradley</a>, who took the style to the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">United States</a>.</p><div class="module-spacing"> </div><span class="marker MOD3 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD4 mod-inline"></span><div class="assemblies"><div class="w-100"><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="282545" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media" data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/245925-050-87C83AED/Collage-of-WWI-recruitment-posters.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/472127/282545"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/245925-050-87C83AED/Collage-of-WWI-recruitment-posters.jpg?w=300"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/245925-050-87C83AED/Collage-of-WWI-recruitment-posters.jpg?w=300" alt="World War I recruitment posters" data-width="1600" data-height="615" loading="eager"></picture><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/245925-050-87C83AED/Collage-of-WWI-recruitment-posters.jpg" data-href="/media/1/472127/282545">World War I recruitment posters</a><span>World War I recruitment posters from the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.</span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div></div><p class="topic-paragraph">With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the poster became an art that could influence history. Prior to the ascendancy of motion pictures and television, it was politically the most important of all visual media. It was easily produced and immediate in impact, and it could be posted wherever there was a public to see it. Given such a role, posters of war and revolution may be quite forceful, varied, and revealing. The propagandistic posters of the early years of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Soviet-Union" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Soviet Union</a>, for example, aimed at a largely illiterate population, are blunt and powerful; those of the late <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Austria-Hungary" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> have a lyrical <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="medieval" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medieval" data-type="MW">medieval</a> gallantry; and those of the <span id="ref59030"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-I" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">World War I</a> United States display a swaggering hometown naïveté. All reveal a need to embody the <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="aspirations" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aspirations" data-type="MW">aspirations</a> not only of the group that produced them but of the entire people to whom they were addressed. An outstanding example is <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Montgomery-Flagg" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">James Montgomery Flagg’s</a> famous U.S. recruiting poster of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uncle-Sam" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Uncle Sam</a> pointing directly at the viewer, a forceful call to patriotism during World War I.</p><span class="marker MOD4 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD5 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">The industrial boom of the early 20th century gave rise to <a href="https://www.britannica.com/money/advertising" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">advertising</a> posters for virtually every conceivable product and event. Many express the spirit or stylistic excess of their day, from the primitive and folk art quality of early circus posters to the sophisticated and streamlined travel posters of the 1930s. The onslaught of radio and television and an almost complete reliance on photography in advertising, however, brought about an <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="eclipse" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/eclipse" data-type="EB">eclipse</a> in poster art.</p><div class="one-good-fact-module"> </div><span class="marker MOD5 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD6 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">From the 1960s on, a regeneration of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/popular-art" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">popular art</a> forms, beginning with <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/popular-music" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">popular music</a>, led to a new interest in posters. In San Francisco, where the movement was strongest, posters announcing weekly dance hall concerts echoed the golden age of the poster of the 1890s.</p><span class="marker MOD6 mod-inline"></span></section> <span class="md-signature"><a href="/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></span> <span class="md-signature">This article was most recently revised and updated by <a href="/editor/Amy-Tikkanen/6393">Amy Tikkanen</a>.</span><span class="marker end-of-content"></span><span class="marker after-article"></span></div> <div id="chatbot-root"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ai-dialog-placeholder"></div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-da-320"></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"Topic","templateName":"DESKTOP","pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":1,"pageId":472127,"pageLength":710,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":false} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.133.9"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/dist/topic-page.js?v=3.133.9' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"C","adLeg":"C","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"Topic","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":"MEDIUM","gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":true} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

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Poster | Advertising, Design & History | Britannica