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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darwinism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darwinism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Darwinism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darwinism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sermons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sermons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sermons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sermons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Hodge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hodge" title="Charles Hodge – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Charles Hodge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="تشارلز هودج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز هودج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="チャールズ・ホッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャールズ・ホッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Charles Hodge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE,_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE%2C_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/220px-PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE%2C_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE%2C_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/330px-PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE%2C_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE%2C_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/440px-PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE%2C_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3393" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Hodge, circa 1850–60</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/Principal_of_Princeton_Theological_Seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal of Princeton Theological Seminary">Principal of Princeton Theological Seminary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1851–1878</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">Archibald Alexander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander_Hodge" title="Archibald Alexander Hodge">Archibald Alexander Hodge</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1797-12-27</span>)</span>December 27, 1797</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 19, 1878<span style="display:none">(1878-06-19)</span> (aged 80)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Sarah Bache (married 1822; died 1849)<br />Mary Hunter Stockman (married 1852)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Scott" title="Hugh L. Scott">Hugh L. Scott</a> (grandson)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander_Hodge" title="Archibald Alexander Hodge">Archibald Alexander Hodge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Wistar_Hodge_Sr." title="Caspar Wistar Hodge Sr.">Caspar Wistar Hodge Sr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Hugh Hodge<br />Mary Blanchard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton College">Princeton College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Charles_Hodge_(1797%E2%80%931878).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Hodge's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Signature_of_Charles_Hodge_%281797%E2%80%931878%29.png/128px-Signature_of_Charles_Hodge_%281797%E2%80%931878%29.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Signature_of_Charles_Hodge_%281797%E2%80%931878%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Hodge</b> (December 27, 1797 – June 19, 1878) was a <a href="/wiki/Reformed_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed theology">Reformed</a> <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologian</a> and principal of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a> between 1851 and 1878. </p><p>He was a leading exponent of the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Theology">Princeton Theology</a>, an orthodox <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> theological tradition in America during the 19th century. He argued strongly for the authority of the Bible as the Word of God. Many of his ideas were adopted in the 20th century by Fundamentalists and Evangelicals.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles Hodge's father, Hugh, was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Scotsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotsman">Scotsman</a> who emigrated from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> early in the eighteenth century. </p><p>Hugh graduated from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton College">Princeton College</a> in 1773 and served as a military surgeon in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>, after which he practiced medicine in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. </p><p>He married well-born Bostonian orphan Mary Blanchard in 1790. The Hodge's first three sons died in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Fever_Epidemic_of_1793" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793">Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793</a> and another <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> epidemic in 1795. Their first son to survive childhood, Hugh Lenox, was born in 1796. Hugh Lenox would become an authority in <a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">obstetrics</a>, and he would remain especially close with Charles, often assisting him financially. Charles was born on December 27, 1797. His father died seven months later of complications from the yellow fever he had contracted in the epidemic of 1795. They were brought up by relatives, many of whom were wealthy and influential. Mary Hodge made sacrifices and took in boarders in order to put the boys through school. She, with the help of the family's minister <a href="/wiki/Ashbel_Green" title="Ashbel Green">Ashbel Green</a>, also provided the customary <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> religious education using the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Shorter_Catechism" title="Westminster Shorter Catechism">Westminster Shorter Catechism</a>. They moved to <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_New_Jersey" title="Somerville, New Jersey">Somerville, New Jersey</a> in 1810 in order to attend a classical academy, and again to <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> in 1812 in order to enter Princeton College, a school originally organized to train Presbyterian ministers. As Charles prepared to enter the college, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a> was being established by the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_U.S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.">Presbyterian Church</a> as a separate institution for training ministers in response to a perceived inadequacy in the training ministers were receiving at the university as well as the perception that the college was drifting from orthodoxy. Also in 1812, Ashbel Green, the Hodge's old minister, became president of the college.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll19873–6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll19873–6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Princeton, the first president of the new seminary, <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">Archibald Alexander</a>, took a special interest in Hodge, assisting him in Greek and taking him with him on itinerant preaching trips. Hodge would name <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander_Hodge" title="Archibald Alexander Hodge">his first son</a> after Alexander. Hodge became close friends with future <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopalian</a> bishops <a href="/wiki/John_Johns" title="John Johns">John Johns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pettit_McIlvaine" title="Charles Pettit McIlvaine">Charles McIlvaine</a>, and future Princeton College president <a href="/wiki/John_Maclean,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Maclean, Jr.">John Mclean</a>. In 1815, during a time of intense religious fervor among the students encouraged by Green and Alexander, Hodge joined the local Presbyterian church and decided to enter the ministry. Shortly after completing his undergraduate studies he entered the seminary in 1816. The course of study was very rigorous, requiring students to recite scripture in the original languages and to use the dogmatics written in Latin in the 17th century by <a href="/wiki/Reformed_scholastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed scholastic">Reformed scholastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Turretin" title="Francis Turretin">Francis Turretin</a> as a theological textbook. Professors Alexander and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Miller_(theologian)" title="Samuel Miller (theologian)">Samuel Miller</a> also inculcated an intense piety in their students.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll19876–11,_22_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll19876–11,_22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following graduation from Princeton Seminary in 1819, Hodge received additional instruction privately from Hebrew scholar Rev. Joseph Bates in Philadelphia. He was licensed to preach by the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity#Presbytery" title="Presbyterian polity">Presbytery</a> of Philadelphia in 1820, and he preached regularly as a missionary in vacant pulpits in the <a href="/wiki/East_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="East Falls">East Falls</a> neighborhood of Philadelphia, the <a href="/wiki/Frankford_Arsenal" title="Frankford Arsenal">Frankford Arsenal</a> in Philadelphia, and <a href="/wiki/Woodbury,_New_Jersey" title="Woodbury, New Jersey">Woodbury, New Jersey</a> over the subsequent months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198711–12_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198711–12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="need cite for Woodbury (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1820 he accepted a one-year appointment as assistant professor at Princeton Seminary to teach biblical languages. In October of that year he traveled throughout New England to speak with professors and ministers including <a href="/wiki/Moses_Stuart" title="Moses Stuart">Moses Stuart</a> at <a href="/wiki/Andover_Seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Andover Seminary">Andover Seminary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_W._Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathaniel W. Taylor">Nathaniel W. Taylor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_Divinity_School" title="Yale Divinity School">Yale Divinity School</a>. In 1821 he was ordained a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity#Minister" title="Presbyterian polity">minister</a> by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and in 1822 he published his first pamphlet, which allowed Alexander to convince the General Assembly to appoint him full Professor of Oriental and Biblical Literature. Financially stable, Hodge married Sarah Bache, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>'s great-granddaughter in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198711–13_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198711–13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1824, Hodge helped to found the <a href="/wiki/Chi_Phi" title="Chi Phi">Chi Phi</a> Society along with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baird_(clergyman)" title="Robert Baird (clergyman)">Robert Baird</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">Archibald Alexander</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He founded the quarterly <i><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Repertory" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Repertory">Biblical Repertory</a></i> in 1825 to translate the current scholarly literature on the Bible from Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198713_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198713-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hodge's study of European scholarship led him to question the adequacy of his training. The seminary agreed to continue to pay him for two years while he traveled in Europe to "round out" his education. He supplied a substitute, <a href="/wiki/John_Williamson_Nevin" title="John Williamson Nevin">John Nevin</a> on his own expense. From 1826 to 1828 he traveled to Paris, where he studied French, Arabic, and Syriac; <a href="/wiki/Halle,_Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle, Saxony-Anhalt">Halle</a>, where he studied German with <a href="/wiki/George_M%C3%BCller" title="George Müller">George Müller</a> and made the acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/August_Tholuck" title="August Tholuck">August Tholuck</a>; and Berlin where he attended the lectures of <a href="/wiki/Silvestre_de_Sacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Silvestre de Sacy">Silvestre de Sacy</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="just need a cite for Sacy (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Wilhelm_Hengstenberg" title="Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg">Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/August_Neander" title="August Neander">August Neander</a>. There he also became personally acquainted with <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Friedrich Schleiermacher</a>, the leading modern theologian. He admired the deep scholarship he witnessed in Germany, but thought that the attention given to idealist philosophy clouded common sense, and led to speculative and subjective theology. Unlike other American theologians who spent time in Europe, Hodge's experience did not cause any change in his commitment to the principles of the faith he had learned from childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198712–16_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198712–16-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princeton_Theological_Seminary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Princeton_Theological_Seminary.jpg/220px-Princeton_Theological_Seminary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Princeton_Theological_Seminary.jpg/330px-Princeton_Theological_Seminary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Princeton_Theological_Seminary.jpg/440px-Princeton_Theological_Seminary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Princeton Seminary in the 1800s</figcaption></figure> <p>Starting in the 1830s Hodge suffered from an immobilizing pain in his leg, and was forced to conduct his classes from his study from 1833 to 1836. He continued to write articles for <i>Biblical Repertory</i>, now renamed the <i>Princeton Review</i>. During the 1830s he wrote a major <a href="/wiki/Biblical_commentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical commentary">commentary</a> on <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a> and a history of the Presbyterian church in America. He supported the Old School in the <a href="/wiki/Old_School%E2%80%93New_School_Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old School–New School Controversy">Old School–New School Controversy</a>, which resulted in a split in 1837. In 1840 he became Professor of Didactic Theology,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198716–17_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198716–17-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retaining, however, the department of <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> exegesis, the duties of which he continued to discharge until his death. He was <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly" title="Moderator of the General Assembly">moderator</a> of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (Old School) in 1846.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hodge's wife died in 1849, shortly followed by Samuel Miller and Archibald Alexander, leaving him the senior professor of the seminary. He was recognized as the leading proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_theology" title="Princeton theology">Princeton theology</a>. On his death in 1878 he was recognized by both friends and opponents as one of the greatest polemicists of his time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198717–18_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198717–18-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of his children who survived him, three were ministers; and two of these succeeded him in the faculty of Princeton Theological Seminary, <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Wistar_Hodge,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Caspar Wistar Hodge, Sr.">C. W. Hodge</a>, in the department of exegetical theology, and <a href="/wiki/A._A._Hodge" class="mw-redirect" title="A. A. Hodge">A. A. Hodge</a>, in that of dogmatics. A grandson, <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Wistar_Hodge,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Caspar Wistar Hodge, Jr.">C. W. Hodge, Jr.</a>, also taught for many years at Princeton Seminary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_and_teaching_activities">Literary and teaching activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Literary and teaching activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile plainlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Calvinism" title="Category:Calvinism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg/225px-ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg/338px-ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg/450px-ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Reformation_Wall" title="Reformation Wall">Reformation Wall</a> in Geneva, featuring prominent Reformed theologians <a href="/wiki/William_Farel" title="William Farel">William Farel</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Beza" title="Theodore Beza">Theodore Beza</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ddf;padding:0.2em;color:#000000;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: lavender; border:2px solid lavender;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ddf;padding:0.2em;color:#000000;color: var(--color-base)">Theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: lavender; border:2px solid lavender;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_John_Calvin" title="Theology of John Calvin">Theology of John Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_theology" title="Covenant theology">Covenant theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republication_of_the_Covenant_of_Works" title="Republication of the Covenant of Works">Republication of the Covenant of Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Covenant_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Covenant Theology">Baptist Covenant Theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_order_of_God%27s_decrees" title="Logical order of God's decrees">Logical order of God's decrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_baptismal_theology" title="Reformed baptismal theology">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Supper_in_Reformed_theology" title="Lord's Supper in Reformed theology">Lord's Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulative_principle_of_worship" title="Regulative principle of worship">Regulative principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Calvinism" title="Predestination in Calvinism">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_scholasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ddf;padding:0.2em;color:#000000;color: var(--color-base)">Texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: lavender; border:2px solid lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Calvinist_texts" title="Category:Calvinist texts">List of texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Bible" title="Geneva Bible">Geneva Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_confessions_of_faith" title="Reformed confessions of faith">Confessions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Confessions" title="Helvetic Confessions">Helvetic Confessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Confession_of_Faith" title="French Confession of Faith">French Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Forms_of_Unity" title="Three Forms of Unity">Three Forms of Unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgic_Confession" title="Belgic Confession">Belgic Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Catechism" title="Heidelberg Catechism">Heidelberg Catechism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_Dort" title="Canons of Dort">Canons of Dort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_Confession" title="Scots Confession">Scots Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Standards" title="Westminster Standards">Westminster Standards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Shorter_Catechism" title="Westminster Shorter Catechism">Westminster Shorter Catechism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Larger_Catechism" title="Westminster Larger Catechism">Westminster Larger Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmen_Declaration" title="Barmen Declaration">Barmen Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_the_Christian_Religion" title="Institutes of the Christian Religion">Institutes of the Christian Religion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_systematic_theology_bibliography" title="Reformed systematic theology bibliography">Systematic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalter</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ddf;padding:0.2em;color:#000000;color: var(--color-base)">Theologians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: lavender; border:2px solid lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Calvinist_and_Reformed_theologians" title="Category:Calvinist and Reformed theologians">List of theologians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Oecolampadius" title="Johannes Oecolampadius">Johannes Oecolampadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bucer" title="Martin Bucer">Martin Bucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Martyr_Vermigli" title="Peter Martyr Vermigli">Peter Martyr Vermigli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Bullinger" title="Heinrich Bullinger">Heinrich Bullinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Ursinus" title="Zacharias Ursinus">Zacharias Ursinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Beza" title="Theodore Beza">Theodore Beza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Perkins_(theologian)" title="William Perkins (theologian)">William Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Gomarus" title="Franciscus Gomarus">Franciscus Gomarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Twisse" title="William Twisse">William Twisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Amyraut" title="Moses Amyraut">Moses Amyraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rutherford" title="Samuel Rutherford">Samuel Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Owen_(theologian)" title="John Owen (theologian)">John Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Turretin" title="Francis Turretin">Francis Turretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baxter" title="Richard Baxter">Richard Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Friedrich Schleiermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schaff" title="Philip Schaff">Philip Schaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williamson_Nevin" title="John Williamson Nevin">John Nevin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Hodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Kuyper" title="Abraham Kuyper">Abraham Kuyper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Bavinck" title="Herman Bavinck">Herman Bavinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._B._Warfield" title="B. B. Warfield">B. B. Warfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Gresham_Machen" title="J. Gresham Machen">John Machen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geerhardus_Vos" title="Geerhardus Vos">Geerhardus Vos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Richard_Niebuhr" title="H. Richard Niebuhr">H. Richard Niebuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Reinhold Niebuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Van_Til" title="Cornelius Van Til">Cornelius Van Til</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Torrance" title="Thomas F. Torrance">T. F. Torrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Moltmann" title="Jürgen Moltmann">Jürgen Moltmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._I._Packer" title="J. I. Packer">J. I. Packer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_G._Bloesch" title="Donald G. Bloesch">Donald G. Bloesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Horton_(theologian)" title="Michael Horton (theologian)">Michael Horton</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ddf;padding:0.2em;color:#000000;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Reformed_denominations" title="List of Reformed denominations"> Denominations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: lavender; border:2px solid lavender;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Continental Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism_in_South_Korea" title="Presbyterianism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism_in_the_United_States" title="Presbyterianism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Baptists" title="Reformed Baptists">Reformed Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ddf;padding:0.2em;color:#000000;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; 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padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: lavender; border:2px solid lavender;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Reformed_Fellowship" title="World Reformed Fellowship">World Reformed Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Reformed_Churches" title="International Conference of Reformed Churches">International Conference of Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Presbyterian_and_Reformed_Council" title="North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council">North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kreuz-hugenotten.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kreuz-hugenotten.svg/10px-Kreuz-hugenotten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kreuz-hugenotten.svg/16px-Kreuz-hugenotten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kreuz-hugenotten.svg/21px-Kreuz-hugenotten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="849" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Reformed_Christianity" title="Portal:Reformed Christianity">Reformed Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformed_Christianity" title="Template:Reformed Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reformed_Christianity" title="Template talk:Reformed Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reformed_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reformed Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Charles_Hodge" title="Special:EditPage/Charles Hodge">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hodge wrote many biblical and theological works. He began writing early in his theological career and continued publishing until his death. In 1835 he published his <i>Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans</i>. Although considered to be his greatest exegetical work, Hodge revised this commentary in 1864, in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, and after a debate with <a href="/wiki/James_Henley_Thornwell" title="James Henley Thornwell">James Henley Thornwell</a> about state secession from the Union. </p><p>Other works followed at intervals of longer or shorter duration – <i>Constitutional History of the Presbyterian Church in the United States</i> (1840); <i>Way of Life</i> (1841, republished in England, translated into other languages, and circulated to the extent of 35,000 copies in America); <i>Commentary on Ephesians</i> (1856); <i>on First Corinthians</i> (1857); <i>on Second Corinthians</i> (1859). His <i>magnum opus</i> is the <i>Systematic Theology</i> (1871–1873), of 3 volumes and extending to 2,260 pages. His last book, <i>What is Darwinism?</i> appeared in 1874. In addition, he contributed upward of 130 articles to the <i>Princeton Review</i>, many of which, besides exerting a powerful influence at the time of their publication, have since been gathered into volumes, and as Selection of <i>Essays and Reviews from the Princeton Review</i> (1857) and <i>Discussions in Church Polity</i> (ed. W. Durant, 1878) have taken a permanent place in theological literature.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This record of Hodge's literary life is suggestive of the great influence that he exerted. 3,000 ministers of the Gospel passed under his instruction, and that to him was accorded the rare privilege, during the course of a long life, of achieving distinction as a teacher, exegete, preacher, controversialist, ecclesiastic, and <a href="/wiki/Systematic_theology" title="Systematic theology">systematic theologian</a>. As a teacher he had few equals; and if he did not display popular gifts in the pulpit, he revealed homiletic powers of a high order in the "conferences" on <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath</a> afternoons, where he spoke with his accustomed clearness and logical precision, but with great spontaneity and amazing tenderness and unction. </p><p>Hodge's literary powers were seen at their best in his contributions to the <i><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Theological Review">Princeton Theological Review</a></i>, many of which are acknowledged masterpieces of controversial writing. They cover a wide range of topics, from <a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics">apologetic</a> questions that concern common Christianity to questions of ecclesiastical administration, in which only <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterians</a> have been supposed to take interest. But the questions in debate among American theologians during the period covered by Hodge's life belonged, for the most part, to the departments of anthropology and <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriology</a>; and it was upon these, accordingly, that his polemic powers were mainly applied. </p><p>All of the books that he authored have remained in print over a century after his death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_and_significance">Character and significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Character and significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Charles_Hodge" title="Special:EditPage/Charles Hodge">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Devotion to Christ was the salient characteristic of his experience, and it was the test by which he judged the experience of others. Hence, though a Presbyterian and a Calvinist, his sympathies went far beyond the boundaries of sect. He refused to entertain the narrow views of church polity which some of his brethren advocated. He repudiated the unhistorical position of those who denied the validity of Roman Catholic baptism. </p><p>He was conservative by nature, and his life was spent in defending the Reformed theology as set forth in the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Larger_Catechism" title="Westminster Larger Catechism">Larger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Shorter_Catechism" title="Westminster Shorter Catechism">Westminster Shorter Catechisms</a>. He was fond of saying that Princeton had never originated a new idea; but this meant no more than that Princeton was the advocate of historical Calvinism in opposition to the modified and provincial Calvinism of a later day. Hodge is classed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> among the great defenders of the faith, rather than among the great constructive minds of the Church.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He had no ambition to be epoch-making by marking the era of a new departure. But he earned a higher title to fame in that he was the champion of his Church's faith during a long and active life, her trusted leader in time of trial, and for more than half a century the most conspicuous teacher of her ministry. Hodges' understanding of the Christian faith and of historical Protestantism is given in his <i>Systematic Theology.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_controversial_topics">Views on controversial topics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Views on controversial topics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery">Slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodge supported the institution of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> in its most abstract sense, as having support from certain passages in the Bible. He held slaves himself, but he condemned their mistreatment, and made a distinction between slavery in the abstract and what he saw as the unjust Southern Slave Laws that deprived slaves of their right to educational instruction, to marital and parental rights, and that "subject them to the insults and oppression of the whites." It was his opinion that the humanitarian reform of these laws would become the necessary prelude to the eventual end of slavery in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Torbett_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torbett-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Presbyterian General Assembly of 1818 had affirmed a similar position, that slavery within the United States, while not necessarily sinful, was a regrettable institution that ought to eventually be changed.<sup id="cite_ref-Torbett_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torbett-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the church, Hodge himself had sympathies with both the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a> in the North and the pro-slavery advocates in the South, and he used his considerable influence in an attempt to restore order and find common ground between the two factions, with the eventual hope of abolishing slavery altogether. </p><p>Hodge's support of slavery was not an inevitable result of his belief in the inerrancy and the literal interpretation of the Bible. Other 19th century Christian contemporaries of Hodge, who also believed in the inerrancy and infallibility of the Bible, denounced the institution of slavery. <a href="/wiki/John_Williamson_Nevin" title="John Williamson Nevin">John Williamson Nevin</a>, a conservative, evangelical Reformed scholar and seminary professor, denounced slavery as 'a vast moral evil.'<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hodge and Nevin also famously clashed over polar-opposite views of the Lord's Supper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_School">Old School</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Old School"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_School-New_School_Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old School-New School Controversy">Old School-New School Controversy</a></div> <p>Hodge was a leader of the Old School faction of Presbyterians during the division of the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a> in 1837. The issues involved conflicts over doctrine, religious practice, and slavery. Although prior to 1861 the Old School refrained from denouncing slavery, the issue was a matter of debate between Northern and Southern components of the denomination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodge could tolerate slavery but he could never tolerate treason of the sort he saw trying to break up the United States in 1861. Hodge was a strong nationalist and led the fight among Presbyterians to support the Union. In the January 1861 <i>Princeton Review</i>, Hodge laid out his case against secession, in the end calling it unconstitutional. <a href="/wiki/James_Henley_Thornwell" title="James Henley Thornwell">James Henley Thornwell</a> responded in the January 1861 <i>Southern Presbyterian Review,</i> holding that the election of 1860 had installed a new government, one which the South did not agree with, thus making secession lawful.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being a staunch Unionist politically, Hodge voted against the support for the "Spring Resolutions" of the 1861 General Assembly of the Old School Presbyterian Church, thinking it was not the business of the church to involve itself in political matters; because of the resolutions, the denomination then split North and South. When the General Assembly convened in Philadelphia in May 1861, one month after the Civil War began, the resolution stipulated pledging support for the federal government over objections based on concerns about the scope of church jurisdiction and disagreements about its interpretation of the Constitution. In December 1861, the Southern Old School Presbyterian churches severed ties with the denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darwinism">Darwinism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Darwinism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1874, Hodge published <i>What is Darwinism?</i>, claiming that <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>, was, in essence, atheism. To Hodge, Darwinism was contrary to the notion of design and was therefore clearly atheistic. Both in the <i>Review</i> and in <i>What is Darwinism?,</i> (1874) Hodge attacked Darwinism. His views determined the position of the Seminary until his death in 1878. While he didn't consider all evolutionary ideas to be in conflict with his religion, he was concerned with its teaching in colleges. Meanwhile, at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, a totally separate institution, President John Maclean also rejected Darwin's theory of evolution. However, in 1868, upon Maclean's retirement, <a href="/wiki/James_McCosh" title="James McCosh">James McCosh</a>, a Scottish philosopher, became president. McCosh believed that much of Darwinism could and would be proved sound, and so he strove to prepare Christians for this event. Instead of conflict between science and religion, McCosh sought reconciliation. Insisting on the principle of design in nature, McCosh interpreted the Darwinian discoveries as more evidence of the prearrangement, skill, and purpose in the universe. He thus argued that Darwinism was not atheistic nor in irreconcilable hostility to the Bible. The Presbyterians in America thus could choose between two schools of thought on evolution, both based in Princeton. The Seminary held to Hodge's position until his supporters were ousted in 1929, and the college (<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>) became a world class center of the new science of evolutionary biology.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The debate between Hodge and McCosh exemplified an emerging conflict between science and religion over the question of Darwin's evolution theory. However, the two men showed greater similarities regarding matters of science and religion than popularly appreciated. Both supported the increasing role of scientific inquiry in natural history and resisted its intrusion into philosophy and religion.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHodge1837" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Charles (1837). <i>A commentary on the Epistle to the Romans</i>. London: The Religious tract society. pp. xvi, 438 p. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/38018206">38018206</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BS2665+.H65+1837&searchType=1&recCount=25">BS2665 .H65 1837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+commentary+on+the+Epistle+to+the+Romans&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xvi%2C+438+p&rft.pub=The+Religious+tract+society&rft.date=1837&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F38018206&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1839–40" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated">——— (1839–40). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006576450"><i>The constitutional history of the Presbyterian church in the United States of America</i></a>. Philadelphia: W.S. Martien. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780790551555" title="Special:BookSources/9780790551555"><bdi>9780790551555</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/42027085">42027085</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/390536">390536</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BX8936+.H6+1839&searchType=1&recCount=25">BX8936 .H6 1839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+constitutional+history+of+the+Presbyterian+church+in+the+United+States+of+America&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=W.S.+Martien&rft.date=1839%2F1840&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F390536&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F42027085&rft.isbn=9780790551555&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F006576450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgec._1841" class="citation book cs1">——— (c. 1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wayoflife00hodg"><i>The way of life</i></a>. Philadelphia: American Sunday-school Union. pp. xi, [13]–384 p. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/33024805">33024805</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6956164">6956164</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23358725M">23358725M</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BV4531+.H55+1840&searchType=1&recCount=25">BV4531 .H55 1840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+way+of+life&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=xi%2C+13-384+p&rft.pub=American+Sunday-school+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23358725M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F33024805&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6956164&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwayoflife00hodg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1856" class="citation book cs1">——— (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acommentaryonep03hodggoog"><i>A commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians</i></a>. New York: R. Carter and brothers. pp. xx, [21]–398 p. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/40015255">40015255</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2517813">2517813</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BS2695+.H65&searchType=1&recCount=25">BS2695 .H65</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+commentary+on+the+Epistle+to+the+Ephesians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xx%2C+21-398+p&rft.pub=R.+Carter+and+brothers&rft.date=1856&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2517813&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F40015255&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Facommentaryonep03hodggoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span> - There is an 1860 reprint available through MOA <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/AJH0374.0001.001/1">http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/AJH0374.0001.001/1</a> (not in the public domain)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1857" class="citation book cs1">——— (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anexpositionfir00hodggoog"><i>An exposition of the First epistle to the Corinthians</i></a>. New York: R. Carter. pp. xxi, 373 p., 20 cm. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/40015256">40015256</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BS2675+.H6&searchType=1&recCount=25">BS2675 .H6</a> Dewey: 227.2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+exposition+of+the+First+epistle+to+the+Corinthians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xxi%2C+373+p.%2C+20+cm&rft.pub=R.+Carter&rft.date=1857&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F40015256&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanexpositionfir00hodggoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1860" class="citation book cs1">——— (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/expositionofseco00hodg"><i>An exposition of the Second epistle to the Corinthians</i></a>. New York: R. Carter & brothers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/expositionofseco00hodg/page/n10">1</a> p.l., 314 p. 20 cm. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/40015257">40015257</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BS2675+.H65&searchType=1&recCount=25">BS2675 .H65</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+exposition+of+the+Second+epistle+to+the+Corinthians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1+p.l.%2C+314+p.+20+cm&rft.pub=R.+Carter+%26+brothers&rft.date=1860&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F40015257&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexpositionofseco00hodg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1872–73" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated">——— (1872–73). <i>Systematic theology</i>. New York, London and Edinburgh: C. Scribner and company, T. Nelson and sons. pp. 3 v. 25 cm. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/45041149">45041149</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BT75+.H63&searchType=1&recCount=25">BT75 .H63</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systematic+theology&rft.place=New+York%2C+London+and+Edinburgh&rft.pages=3+v.+25+cm&rft.pub=C.+Scribner+and+company%2C+T.+Nelson+and+sons&rft.date=1872%2F1873&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F45041149&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1873" class="citation book cs1">——— (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritualkingdom00rams">"Introduction"</a>. In Ramsey, James Beverlin (ed.). <i>The spiritual kingdom: an exposition of the first eleven chapters of the book of the Revelation</i>. Richmond, Va.: Presbyterian Committee of Publication. pp. i–xxxv. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/40016574">40016574</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23339154M">23339154M</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BS2825+.R35&searchType=1&recCount=25">BS2825 .R35</a> Dewey: 228.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+spiritual+kingdom%3A+an+exposition+of+the+first+eleven+chapters+of+the+book+of+the+Revelation&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Va.&rft.pages=i-xxxv&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Committee+of+Publication&rft.date=1873&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23339154M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F40016574&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspiritualkingdom00rams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgen.d." class="citation book cs1">——— (n.d.). <i>Lectures (on Theology)</i> (Manuscript). <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/mm81026179">mm81026179</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=MMC-2873&searchType=1&recCount=25">MMC-2873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lectures+%28on+Theology%29&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2Fmm81026179&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: year">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1874" class="citation book cs1">——— (1874). <i>What is Darwinism?</i>. New York: Scribner, Armstrong, and company. pp. iv, 178 p. 20 cm. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/06012878">06012878</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=QH369+.H63&searchType=1&recCount=25">QH369 .H63</a>A version of this book can be obtained from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19192">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19192</a> . <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/85665477">85-665477</a> corresponds to an English edition</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Darwinism%3F&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=iv%2C+178+p.+20+cm&rft.pub=Scribner%2C+Armstrong%2C+and+company&rft.date=1874&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F06012878&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|postscript=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgeAtwaterSmithSherwood1825–88" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated">———; Atwater, Lyman Hotchkiss &; Smith, Henry Boynton; Sherwood, James Manning (J. M.); Libbey, Jonas M. & Forsyth, John, eds. (1825–88). <i>The Princeton review</i> (Journal). New York: G. & C. Carvill [etc., etc.] <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/01026485">01026485</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=BR1+.P7&searchType=1&recCount=25">BR1 .P7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+review&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.+%26+C.+Carvill+%5Betc.%2C+etc.%5D&rft.date=1825%2F1888&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F01026485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1825–29" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated cs1-prop-long-vol">———, ed. (1825–29). "Biblical repertory" (Journal). 1 – v. 5. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Press. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/sf89090823">sf89090823</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/08840509">08840509</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=Microfilm+01104+no.229&searchType=1&recCount=25">Microfilm 01104 no.229</a>, 566-567 AP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biblical+repertory&rft.volume=1+%E2%80%93+v.+5&rft.date=1825%2F1829&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F08840509&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2Fsf89090823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sermons">Sermons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sermons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1833" class="citation book cs1">——— (1833). <i>A sermon, preached in Philadelphia ... American Sunday-school Union, May 31, 1832</i>. Philadelphia: The Union. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/96229925">96229925</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)">LCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=CALL%2B&searchArg=YA+30459&searchType=1&recCount=25">YA 30459</a> YA Pam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+sermon%2C+preached+in+Philadelphia+...+American+Sunday-school+Union%2C+May+31%2C+1832&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=The+Union&rft.date=1833&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F96229925&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1871" class="citation journal cs1">——— (January 1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acf4325.1-43.001/87:7?g=moagrp;rgn=full+text;view=image;xc=1;q1=charles+hodge">"Preaching the Gospel to the Poor"</a>. <i>The Princeton Review</i>. <b>43</b> (1). New York: G. & C. Carvill: 83–95<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Princeton+Review&rft.atitle=Preaching+the+Gospel+to+the+Poor&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-95&rft.date=1871-01&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fm%2Fmoajrnl%2Facf4325.1-43.001%2F87%3A7%3Fg%3Dmoagrp%3Brgn%3Dfull%2Btext%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bxc%3D1%3Bq1%3Dcharles%2Bhodge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1876" class="citation journal cs1">——— (April 1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acf4325.2-05.018/352:6?rgn=main;view=image">"Christianity without Christ"</a>. <i>The Princeton Review</i>. <b>5</b> (18). New York: G. & C. Carvill: 352–362<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Princeton+Review&rft.atitle=Christianity+without+Christ&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=352-362&rft.date=1876-04&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fm%2Fmoajrnl%2Facf4325.2-05.018%2F352%3A6%3Frgn%3Dmain%3Bview%3Dimage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge1855" class="citation cs2">——— (1855), <i>What is Presbyterianism?</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Presbyterianism%3F&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_reprints">Modern reprints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Modern reprints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hodge?show=worksBy">Systematic Theology</a></i>. Hendrickson Publishers (1999). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56563-459-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56563-459-4">1-56563-459-4</a> (also available abridged by Edward N. Gross, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87552-224-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87552-224-6">0-87552-224-6</a>)</li> <li><i>Romans</i> (The Crossway Classic Commentaries). Crossway Books (1994). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89107-724-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89107-724-3">0-89107-724-3</a></li> <li><i>Romans</i> (Geneva Series of Commentaries). Banner of Truth (June 1, 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8515-1213-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8515-1213-5">0-8515-1213-5</a></li> <li><i>Corinthians</i> (Crossway Classic Commentaries). Crossway Books (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89107-867-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89107-867-3">0-89107-867-3</a></li> <li><i>1 & 2 Corinthians</i> (Geneva Series of Commentaries). Banner of Truth (June 1, 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8515-1185-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8515-1185-6">0-8515-1185-6</a></li> <li><i>2 Corinthians</i> (Crossway Classic Commentaries). Crossway Books (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89107-868-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-89107-868-1">0-89107-868-1</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccel.org/ccel/hodge/ephesians.toc.html">Ephesians</a></i> (The Crossway Classic Commentaries). Crossway Books (1994). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89107-784-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89107-784-7">0-89107-784-7</a></li> <li><i>Ephesians</i> (Geneva Series of Commentaries). Banner of Truth (June 1, 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8515-1591-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8515-1591-6">0-8515-1591-6</a></li> <li><i>The Way of Life</i> (Sources of American Spirituality). Mark A. Noll, ed. Paulist Press (1987). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-0392-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-0392-3">0-8091-0392-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest1918" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Rice_Best" title="Nolan Rice Best">Best, Nolan Rice</a>, ed. (May 2, 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2StKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA501">"In The Field of Christian Effort: Tablet Marks Historic Event"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Continent_(Presbyterian_periodical)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Continent (Presbyterian periodical)">The Continent</a></i>. Chicago: The McCormick Publishing Company. p. 501 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Continent&rft.atitle=In+The+Field+of+Christian+Effort%3A+Tablet+Marks+Historic+Event&rft.pages=501&rft.date=1918-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2StKAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George M. Marsden, <i>Fundamentalism and American Culture</i> (2006) pp. 19–20, 111–113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll19873–6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll19873–6_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, p. 3–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll19876–11,_22-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll19876–11,_22_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, pp. 6–11, 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198711–12-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198711–12_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198711–13-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198711–13_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, pp. 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198713-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198713_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198712–16-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198712–16_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, pp. 12–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198716–17-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198716–17_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll198717–18-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll198717–18_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoll1987">Noll 1987</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Torbett-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Torbett_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Torbett_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorbett2006" class="citation book cs1">Torbett, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HxldjogF56YC&q=Theology+and+Slavery%3A+Charles+Hodge+and+Horace+Bushnell+Page+6&pg=PA6"><i>Theology and Slavery: Charles Hodge and Horace Bushnell</i></a>. Mercer University Press, Macon, Ga. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88146-032-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88146-032-2"><bdi>978-0-88146-032-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theology+and+Slavery%3A+Charles+Hodge+and+Horace+Bushnell&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press%2C+Macon%2C+Ga.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-88146-032-2&rft.aulast=Torbett&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHxldjogF56YC%26q%3DTheology%2Band%2BSlavery%253A%2BCharles%2BHodge%2Band%2BHorace%2BBushnell%2BPage%2B6%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span> See Pages 6 and 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prpbooks.com/John-Williamson-Nevin-High-Church-Calvinist-900.html">D. G. Hart, John Williamson Nevin: High Church Calvinist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714171213/http://www.prpbooks.com/John-Williamson-Nevin-High-Church-Calvinist-900.html">Archived</a> July 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing (Phillipsburg, New Jersey: 2005). 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James McLean Albritton, "Slavery, Secession, and the Old School Presbyterians: James Henley Thornwell and Charles Hodge on the Relationship between Church and State," <i>Southern Historian,</i> April 2000, Vol. 21, pp 25-39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Halsley Wood Jr., "The 1861 Spring Resolutions: Charles Hodge, the American Union, and the Dissolution of the Old School Church," <i>Journal of Church and State,</i> Spring 2005, Vol. 47 Issue 2, pp 371-387</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph E. Illick, "The Reception of Darwinism at the Theological Seminary and the College at Princeton, New Jersey. Part I: The Theological Seminary," <i>Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society,</i> 1960, Vol. 38 Issue 3, pp 152-165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley J. Gundlach, "McCosh and Hodge on Evolution: A Combined Legacy," <i>Journal of Presbyterian History</i> 1997 75(2): 85-102,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcahistory.org/documents/wip.html">"What is Presbyterianism? - online"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Presbyterianism%3F+-+online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcahistory.org%2Fdocuments%2Fwip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoll1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Noll" title="Mark Noll">Noll, Mark A.</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/102198692/">"Introduction"</a>. In Noll, Mark A. (ed.). <i>Charles Hodge: The Way of Life</i>. Sources of American Spirituality. New York: <a href="/wiki/Paulist_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulist Press">Paulist Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Charles+Hodge%3A+The+Way+of+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Sources+of+American+Spirituality&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Flibrary%2F102198692%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul> <p><i>This article includes content derived from the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Schaff-Herzog_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_Knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge">Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge</a></b>, 1914.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adams, John H. (April 21, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041223103615/http://www.layman.org/layman/the-layman/2003/no2-april-2003/theology-that-matters-april-03.htm">Charles Hodge: A voice for today’s PCUSA?</a> <i>The Layman</i>.</li> <li>Anderson, Robert <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010608135833/http://www.wrs.edu/journals/jour897/hodg_bio.html">"A Short Biography"</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived June 8, 2001)</li> <li>Gutjahr Paul C. <i>Charles Hodge: Guardian of American Orthodoxy</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>; 2011) 477 pages; a standard scholarly biography</li> <li>Hicks, Peter (1997). <i>The Philosophy of Charles Hodge: A 19th Century Evangelical Approach to Reason, Knowledge and Truth.</i> Edwin Mellen Pr. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7734-8657-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7734-8657-7">0-7734-8657-7</a></li> <li>Hodge, A. A. (1880). <i>The life of Charles Hodge: Professor in the Theological seminary, Princeton, N.J.</i> C. Scribner's sons. Reissued 1979 by Ayer Co. Pub. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-00250-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-00250-5">0-405-00250-5</a></li> <li>Hoffecker, W. A. (1981). <i>Piety and the Princeton Theologians: Archibald Alexander, Charles Hodge, and Benjamin Warfield</i> P&R Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87552-280-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87552-280-7">0-87552-280-7</a></li> <li>Hoffecker, W. Andrew (2011). <i>Charles Hodge: The Pride of Princeton</i> P&R Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87552-658-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87552-658-4">978-0-87552-658-4</a></li> <li>Marsden, George M. <i>Fundamentalism and American Culture</i> (2006)</li> <li>Noll, Mark A., ed. (2001). <i>Princeton Theology, 1812–1921: Scripture, Science, and Theological Method from Archibald Alexander to Benjamin Warfield</i>. Baker Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-6737-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-6737-5">0-8010-6737-5</a></li> <li>Stewart, J. W. and J. H. Moorhead, eds. (2002). <i>Charles Hodge Revisited: A Critical Appraisal of His Life and Work</i>. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4750-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4750-1">0-8028-4750-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charles_Hodge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Charles Hodge">Charles Hodge</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Charles_Hodge" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Charles Hodge">Charles Hodge</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/8545">Works by Charles Hodge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Hodge%2C%20Charles%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Charles%20Hodge%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hodge%2C%20Charles%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Charles%20Hodge%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hodge%2C%20C%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Charles%20Hodge%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hodge%2C%20Charles%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Charles%20Hodge%22%29%20OR%20%28%221797-1878%22%20AND%20Hodge%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Charles Hodge</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/16483">Works by Charles Hodge</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hti.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/browse.journals/prin.html">The Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review</a></i>, 1830–82, at the University of Michigan's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hti.umich.edu/">"Humanities Text Initiative"</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">Archibald Alexander</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Principal of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a> </b><br />1851–1878 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander_Hodge" title="Archibald Alexander Hodge">Archibald Alexander Hodge</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;">Religious titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">The Rev. <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Krebs" title="John Michael Krebs">John Michael Krebs</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Moderator of the 58th General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (Old School)</a> </b><br />1846–1847 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">The Rev. <a href="/wiki/James_Henley_Thornwell" title="James Henley Thornwell">James Henley Thornwell</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princeton_Theological_Seminary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Template:Princeton Theological Seminary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Template talk:Princeton Theological Seminary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princeton Theological Seminary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princeton_Theological_Seminary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">Archibald Alexander</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Hodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander_Hodge" title="Archibald Alexander Hodge">Archibald Alexander Hodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._B._Warfield" title="B. B. Warfield">B. B. Warfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Landey_Patton" title="Francis Landey Patton">Francis Landey Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Ross_Stevenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Ross Stevenson (page does not exist)">J. Ross Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Mackay" title="John A. Mackay">John A. Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I._McCord" title="James I. McCord">James I. McCord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_W._Gillespie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas W. Gillespie (page does not exist)">Thomas W. Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Torrance" title="Iain Torrance">Iain R. Torrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Craig_Barnes" title="M. Craig Barnes">M. Craig Barnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Faculty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Founding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Miller_(theologian)" title="Samuel Miller (theologian)">Samuel Miller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Aiken" title="Charles Augustus Aiken">Charles Augustus Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Waddel_Alexander" title="James Waddel Alexander">James Waddel Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison_Alexander" title="Joseph Addison Alexander">Joseph Addison Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_Allen" title="Diogenes Allen">Diogenes Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Thompson_Allis" title="Oswald Thompson Allis">Oswald Thompson Allis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hotchkiss_Atwater" title="Lyman Hotchkiss Atwater">Lyman Hotchkiss Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Louis_Bartow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Louis Bartow (page does not exist)">Charles Louis Bartow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Boardman" title="Henry Augustus Boardman">Henry Augustus Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sally_A._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sally A. Brown (page does not exist)">Sally A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Brunner" title="Emil Brunner">Emil Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Eric_Capps" title="Donald Eric Capps">Donald Eric Capps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Charlesworth" title="James H. Charlesworth">James H. Charlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Charry" title="Ellen Charry">Ellen Tabitha Charry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrell_J._Doughty" title="Darrell J. Doughty">Darrell J. Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Dempsey_Douglass" title="Jane Dempsey Douglass">Jane Dempsey Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_J._Duff" title="Nancy J. Duff">Nancy J. Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Gordon_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Gordon Edwards (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Gordon Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Erdman,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles R. Erdman, Sr.">Charles R. Erdman, Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abigail_Rian_Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abigail Rian Evans (page does not exist)">Abigail Rian Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_Hope_Felder" title="Cain Hope Felder">Cain Hope Felder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Kimball_Fenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Kimball Fenn (page does not exist)">Richard Kimball Fenn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlfried_Froehlich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlfried Froehlich (page does not exist)">Karlfried Froehlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freda_Gardner" title="Freda Gardner">Freda Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_G%C3%A4rtner" title="Bertil Gärtner">Bertil Gärtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Roberts_Gaventa" title="Beverly Roberts Gaventa">Beverly Roberts Gaventa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Gordon_Graham" title="L. Gordon Graham">L. Gordon Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Guder" title="Darrell Guder">Darrell Guder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Hampton_Hendrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott Hampton Hendrix (page does not exist)">Scott Hampton Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hick" title="John Hick">John Hick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Wistar_Hodge_Jr." title="Caspar Wistar Hodge Jr.">Caspar Wistar Hodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Wistar_Hodge_Sr." title="Caspar Wistar Hodge Sr.">Caspar Wistar Hodge Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Hoge" title="Dean Hoge">Dean Hoge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_George_Homrighausen" title="Elmer George Homrighausen">Elmer George Homrighausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deborah_van_Deusen_Hunsinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deborah van Deusen Hunsinger (page does not exist)">Deborah van Deusen Hunsinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenson" title="Robert Jenson">Robert Jenson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Stacy_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Stacy Johnson (page does not exist)">William Stacy Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Juel" title="Donald Juel">Donald Juel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franklin_Kay" title="James Franklin Kay">James Franklin Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Norvell_Lapsley,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Norvell Lapsley, Jr. (page does not exist)">James Norvell Lapsley, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sang_Hyun_Lee" title="Sang Hyun Lee">Sang Hyun Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Gresham_Machen" title="J. Gresham Machen">J. Gresham Machen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Harry_Massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conrad Harry Massa (page does not exist)">Conrad Harry Massa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Bruce Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McCormack" title="Bruce McCormack">Bruce McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_V._McLean" title="Daniel V. McLean">Daniel V. McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsie_McKee" title="Elsie McKee">Elsie McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Elizabeth_McVey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Elizabeth McVey (page does not exist)">Kathleen Elizabeth McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Migliore" title="Daniel Migliore">Daniel Migliore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_D._Miller" title="Patrick D. Miller">Patrick D. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Howell_Moorhead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Howell Moorhead (page does not exist)">James Howell Moorhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_M%C3%BChling" title="Markus Mühling">Markus Mühling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(theologian)" title="John Murray (theologian)">John Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Oliphant_Old" title="Hughes Oliphant Old">Hughes Oliphant Old</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Robert_Osmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Robert Osmer (page does not exist)">Richard Robert Osmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Junior_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Junior Paris (page does not exist)">Peter Junior Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_N._Rivera-Pag%C3%A1n" title="Luis N. Rivera-Pagán">Luis N. Rivera-Pagán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._M._Roberts" title="J. J. M. Roberts">J. J. M. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Edward_Rorem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Edward Rorem (page does not exist)">Paul Edward Rorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Doob_Sakenfeld" title="Katharine Doob Sakenfeld">Katharine Doob Sakenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choon-Leong_Seow" title="Choon-Leong Seow">Choon-Leong Seow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shaull" title="Richard Shaull">Richard Shaull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Smylie" title="James H. Smylie">James H. Smylie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Lynn_Stackhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Lynn Stackhouse">Max Lynn Stackhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_William_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John William Stewart (page does not exist)">John William Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Stuckenbruck" title="Loren Stuckenbruck">Loren Stuckenbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Tavard" title="Georges Tavard">Georges Tavard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentzel_van_Huyssteen" title="Wentzel van Huyssteen">Wentzel van Huyssteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Van_Til" title="Cornelius Van Til">Cornelius Van Til</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geerhardus_Vos" title="Geerhardus Vos">Geerhardus Vos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dick_Wilson" title="Robert Dick Wilson">Robert Dick Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afeosemine_Adogame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afeosemine Adogame (page does not exist)">Afeosemine Adogame</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Allison_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Allison Jr. (page does not exist)">Dale Allison Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Glenn_Appold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Glenn Appold (page does not exist)">Kenneth Glenn Appold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_D._Barreto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric D. Barreto (page does not exist)">Eric D. Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimundo_C%C3%A9sar_Barreto,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimundo César Barreto, Jr. (page does not exist)">Raimundo César Barreto, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Clifton_Black_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Clifton Black II (page does not exist)">Carl Clifton Black II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Marie_Bowens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisa Marie Bowens (page does not exist)">Lisa Marie Bowens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rennell_Bowlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Rennell Bowlin (page does not exist)">John Rennell Bowlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Allen_Brothers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Allen Brothers (page does not exist)">Michael Allen Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heath_W._Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heath W. Carter (page does not exist)">Heath W. Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki_Joo_Choi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki Joo Choi (page does not exist)">Ki Joo Choi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keri_L._Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keri L. Day (page does not exist)">Keri L. Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenda_Creasy_Dean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenda Creasy Dean (page does not exist)">Kenda Creasy Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clifford_Deming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Clifford Deming (page does not exist)">James Clifford Deming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Dobbs-Allsopp" title="F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp">F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Craig_Dykstra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Craig Dykstra (page does not exist)">Robert Craig Dykstra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_K._Farag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary K. Farag (page does not exist)">Mary K. Farag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Lammers_Gross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Lammers Gross (page does not exist)">Nancy Lammers Gross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_John_Hastings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas John Hastings (page does not exist)">Thomas John Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay-Paul_Hinds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay-Paul Hinds (page does not exist)">Jay-Paul Hinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hunsinger" title="George Hunsinger">George Hunsinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elaine_T._James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elaine T. James (page does not exist)">Elaine T. James</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelia_Kennedy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelia Kennedy (page does not exist)">Amelia Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Evangeline_Lapsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacqueline Evangeline Lapsley (page does not exist)">Jacqueline Evangeline Lapsley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cleophus_James_LaRue,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cleophus James LaRue, Jr. (page does not exist)">Cleophus James LaRue, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo_Karen_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bo Karen Lee (page does not exist)">Bo Karen Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_C._Liu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald C. Liu (page does not exist)">Gerald C. Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Stanley_Mikoski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Stanley Mikoski (page does not exist)">Gordon Stanley Mikoski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margarita_A._Mooney_Suarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margarita A. Mooney Suarez (page does not exist)">Margarita A. Mooney Suarez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Thorald_Olson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Thorald Olson (page does not exist)">Dennis Thorald Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Lewis_Parsenios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Lewis Parsenios (page does not exist)">George Lewis Parsenios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanna_Reichel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanna Reichel (page does not exist)">Hanna Reichel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirk_Jacobus_Smit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirk Jacobus Smit (page does not exist)">Dirk Jacobus Smit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Smith" title="Mark S. Smith">Mark S. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Stucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan Stucky (page does not exist)">Nathan Stucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lewis_Taylor" title="Mark Lewis Taylor">Mark Lewis Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Tel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Tel (page does not exist)">Martin Tel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberly_Wagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimberly Wagner (page does not exist)">Kimberly Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Fox_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Fox Young (page does not exist)">Richard Fox Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Theological_Review" title="The Princeton Theological Review">The Princeton Theological Review</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Seminaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Theological_Seminary" title="Westminster Theological Seminary">Westminster Theological Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Template:Presbyterian Church in the United States of America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Template talk:Presbyterian Church in the United States of America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presbyterian Church in the United States of America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Presbyterian Church in the United States of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Synod of Ulster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism_in_the_United_States" title="Presbyterianism in the United States">in the United States</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Old_Side%E2%80%93New_Side_Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Side–New Side Controversy">Old Side–New Side Controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adopting_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Adopting Act">Adopting Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_the_Trinity" title="Synod of the Trinity">Synod of Philadelphia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_New_York" title="Synod of New York">Synod of New York</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Moderators of the General Assembly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plan_of_Union_of_1801" title="Plan of Union of 1801">Plan of Union of 1801</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Presbyterian_Seminary" title="Union Presbyterian Seminary">Union Presbyterian Seminary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Theological_Seminary" title="Auburn Theological Seminary">Auburn Theological Seminary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Mission_Agency" title="Presbyterian Mission Agency">Presbyterian Mission Agency</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Home_Missionary_Society" title="American Home Missionary Society">American Home Missionary Society</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_England_theology" title="New England theology">New England theology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_William_Taylor" title="Nathaniel William Taylor">Nathaniel William Taylor</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_theology" title="Princeton theology">Princeton theology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">Archibald Alexander</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Hodge</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Old_School%E2%80%93New_School_Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old School–New School Controversy">Old School–New School Controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Spring_Resolutions" title="Gardiner Spring Resolutions">Gardiner Spring Resolutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist%E2%80%93Modernist_Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy">Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Affirmation" title="Auburn Affirmation">Auburn Affirmation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-orthodoxy" title="Neo-orthodoxy">Neo-orthodoxy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestantism">Evangelical Protestantism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_of_Churches" title="Federal Council of Churches">Federal Council of Churches</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Interchurch_World_Movement" title="Interchurch World Movement">Interchurch World Movement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Andean_Indian_Mission" title="United Andean Indian Mission">United Andean Indian Mission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presbyterian_and_Reformed_denominations_in_North_America" title="List of Presbyterian and Reformed denominations in North America">Derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Old_School%E2%80%93New_School_Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old School–New School Controversy">New School Presbyterians</a> (1838)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_(United_States)" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ECO:_A_Covenant_Order_of_Evangelical_Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians">ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians</a> (2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Presbytery" title="Springfield Presbytery">Springfield Presbytery</a><br />(1803)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christians_(Stone_Movement)" title="Christians (Stone Movement)">Christians</a> (1804)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Connection" title="Christian Connection">Christian Connection</a> (1810)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restoration Movement</a> (1832)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Disciples of Christ</a> (1849)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Christian_Missionary_Society" title="American Christian Missionary Society">American Christian Missionary Society</a> (1849)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_churches_and_churches_of_Christ" title="Christian churches and churches of Christ">Christian Churches and Churches of Christ</a> (1927–1971)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Presbyterian_Church" title="Cumberland Presbyterian Church">Cumberland Presbyterian Church</a><br />(1810)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America">Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America</a> (1874)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Cumberland_Presbyterian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church">Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church</a> (1955)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Presbyterian Church in the United States">Presbyterian Church in the United States</a><br />(1861)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States">Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_%E2%80%93_Hanover_Presbytery" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery">Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_General_Assembly" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly">Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Presbyterian_Church" title="Covenant Presbyterian Church">Covenant Presbyterian Church</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Presbyterian_Church" title="Vanguard Presbyterian Church">Vanguard Presbyterian Church</a> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Presbyterian_Church" title="Orthodox Presbyterian Church">Orthodox Presbyterian Church</a><br />(1936)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bible_Presbyterian_Church" title="Bible Presbyterian Church">Bible Presbyterian Church</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_(established_1956)" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church (established 1956)">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bible_Presbyterian_Church#Second_split" title="Bible Presbyterian Church">American Presbyterian Church</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Faith Presbytery, Bible Presbyterian Church (2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Presbyterianism" title="Category:Presbyterianism">Category</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kreuz-hugenotten.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kreuz-hugenotten.svg/10px-Kreuz-hugenotten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kreuz-hugenotten.svg/16px-Kreuz-hugenotten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kreuz-hugenotten.svg/21px-Kreuz-hugenotten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="849" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Reformed_Christianity" title="Portal:Reformed Christianity">Reformed Christianity portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PCUSA_General_Assembly_moderators" title="Template:PCUSA General Assembly moderators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PCUSA_General_Assembly_moderators" title="Template talk:PCUSA General Assembly moderators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PCUSA_General_Assembly_moderators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PCUSA General Assembly moderators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Moderators of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%">Pre-schism (1789–1837)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">Witherspoon</a> (1789)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rodgers_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Rodgers (pastor) (page does not exist)">Rodgers</a> (1789)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Smith_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Smith (pastor) (page does not exist)">R. Smith</a> (1790)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Woodhull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Woodhull (page does not exist)">Woodhull</a> (1791)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_King_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John King (pastor) (page does not exist)">King</a> (1792)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Latta_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Latta (pastor) (page does not exist)">Latta</a> (1793)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_MacWhorter" title="Alexander MacWhorter">MacWhorter</a> (1794)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McKnight_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John McKnight (pastor) (page does not exist)">McKnight</a> (1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Davidson_(educator)" title="Robert Davidson (educator)">Davidson</a> (1796)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Mackay_Tennent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Mackay Tennent (page does not exist)">Tennent</a> (1797)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_Smith" title="John Blair Smith">J. B. Smith</a> (1798)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Stanhope_Smith" title="Samuel Stanhope Smith">S. Smith</a> (1799)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Clark_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Clark (pastor) (page does not exist)">Clark</a> (1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Irwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Irwin (page does not exist)">Irwin</a> (1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azel_Roe" title="Azel Roe">Roe</a> (1802)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(minister)" title="James Hall (minister)">Hall</a> (1803)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Armstrong" title="James Francis Armstrong">Armstrong</a> (1804)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Richards_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Richards (pastor) (page does not exist)">Richards</a> (1805)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Miller_(theologian)" title="Samuel Miller (theologian)">Miller</a> (1806)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">A. Alexander</a> (1807)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Milledoler" title="Philip Milledoler">Milledoler</a> (1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drury_Lacy" title="Drury Lacy">Lacy</a> (1809)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Brodhead_Romeyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Brodhead Romeyn (page does not exist)">Romeyn</a> (1810)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Nott" title="Eliphalet Nott">Nott</a> (1811)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Flinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Flinn (page does not exist)">Flinn</a> (1812)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Blatchford_(university_president)" title="Samuel Blatchford (university president)">Blatchford</a> (1813)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Inglis_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Inglis (pastor) (page does not exist)">Inglis</a> (1814)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Neill_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Neill (pastor) (page does not exist)">Neill</a> (1815)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Blythe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Blythe (page does not exist)">Blythe</a> (1816)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Coe_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Coe (pastor) (page does not exist)">Coe</a> (1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Jones_Janeway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Jones Janeway (page does not exist)">Janeway</a> (1818)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Holt_Rice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Holt Rice (page does not exist)">J. Rice</a> (1819)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McDowell_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John McDowell (pastor) (page does not exist)">J. McDowell</a> (1820)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hill_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hill (pastor) (page does not exist)">Hill</a> (1821)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obadiah_Jennings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obadiah Jennings (page does not exist)">Jennings</a> (1822)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Chester_(university_president)" title="John Chester (university president)">Chester</a> (1823)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashbel_Green" title="Ashbel Green">A. Green</a> (1824)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_N._Rowan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen N. Rowan (page does not exist)">Rowan</a> (1825)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_McAuley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas McAuley (page does not exist)">McAuley</a> (1826)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Herron_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Herron (pastor) (page does not exist)">Herron</a> (1827)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Stiles_Ely" title="Ezra Stiles Ely">Ely</a> (1828)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Holt_Rice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Holt Rice (page does not exist)">B. Rice</a> (1829)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezra_Fisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezra Fisk (page does not exist)">Fisk</a> (1830)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_S._S._Berman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan S. S. Berman (page does not exist)">Berman</a> (1831)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hoge_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hoge (pastor) (page does not exist)">Hoge</a> (1832)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Anderson_McDowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Anderson McDowell (page does not exist)">W. McDowell</a> (1833)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lindsley" title="Philip Lindsley">Lindsley</a> (1834)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wirt_Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Wirt Phillips (page does not exist)">Phillips</a> (1835)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Witherspoon_(pastor,_born_1791)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Witherspoon (pastor, born 1791) (page does not exist)">Witherspoon</a> (1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Elliott_(college_president)" title="David Elliott (college president)">Elliott</a> (1837)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0.8em 0.9em 3em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America_no_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America_no_background.png/160px-Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America_no_background.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America_no_background.png/240px-Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America_no_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America_no_background.png/320px-Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America_no_background.png 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%">Old School (1838–1869)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Swan_Plumer" title="William Swan Plumer">Plumer</a> (1838)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Lacy_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Lacy Wilson (page does not exist)">J. Wilson</a> (1839)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Morrison_Engles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Morrison Engles (page does not exist)">Engles</a> (1840)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jefferson_Breckinridge" title="Robert Jefferson Breckinridge">R. Breckinridge</a> (1841)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Todd_Edgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Todd Edgar (page does not exist)">Edgar</a> (1842)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Spring" title="Gardiner Spring">Spring</a> (1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Junkin" title="George Junkin">Junkin</a> (1844)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Krebs" title="John Michael Krebs">Krebs</a> (1845)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hodge</a> (1846)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Henley_Thornwell" title="James Henley Thornwell">Thornwell</a> (1847)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_T._McGill_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander T. McGill (pastor) (page does not exist)">McGill</a> (1848)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_(Presbyterian)" title="Nicholas Murray (Presbyterian)">Murray</a> (1849)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_W._Leland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron W. Leland (page does not exist)">Leland</a> (1850)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_P._Humphrey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward P. Humphrey (page does not exist)">E. Humphrey</a> (1851)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Chase_Lord" title="John Chase Lord">Lord</a> (1852)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Young_(pastor)" title="John C. Young (pastor)">J. Young</a> (1853)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Boardman" title="Henry Augustus Boardman">Boardman</a> (1854)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Lewis_Rice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan Lewis Rice (page does not exist)">N. Rice</a> (1855)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_McFarland_(Presbyterian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis McFarland (Presbyterian) (page does not exist)">McFarland</a> (1856)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Van_Rensselaer" title="Cortlandt Van Rensselaer">Van Rensselaer</a> (1857)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_Scott" title="William Anderson Scott">Scott</a> (1858)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Breckinridge" title="William L. Breckinridge">W. Breckinridge</a> (1859)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Yeomans" title="John William Yeomans">Yeomans</a> (1860)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Chester_Backus" title="John Chester Backus">J. C. Backus</a> (1861)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clinton_Beatty" title="Charles Clinton Beatty">Beatty</a> (1862)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hunter_Morrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hunter Morrison (page does not exist)">Morrison</a> (1863)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Wood_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Wood (pastor) (page does not exist)">Wood</a> (1864)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cameron_Lowrie" title="John Cameron Lowrie">Lowrie</a> (1865)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Stanton" title="Robert L. Stanton">Stanton</a> (1866)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Densmore_Gurley" title="Phineas Densmore Gurley">Gurley</a> (1867)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Musgrave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Musgrave (page does not exist)">Musgrave</a> (1868)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melancthon_Williams_Jacobus_Sr." title="Melancthon Williams Jacobus Sr.">Jacobus</a> (1869)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%">New School (1838–1869)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fisher_(clergyman)" title="Samuel Fisher (clergyman)">S. Fisher</a> (1838)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Dickinson" title="Baxter Dickinson">Dickinson</a> (1839)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wisner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Wisner (page does not exist)">W. Wisner</a> (1840)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansel_Doan_Eddy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansel Doan Eddy (page does not exist)">Eddy</a> (1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hanson_Cox" title="Samuel Hanson Cox">Cox</a> (1846)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hanson_Cox" title="Samuel Hanson Cox">Cox</a> (1847)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Courtlandt_Hay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Courtlandt Hay (page does not exist)">Hay</a> (1849)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Hunter_Riddle" title="David Hunter Riddle">Riddle</a> (1850)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Barnes_(theologian)" title="Albert Barnes (theologian)">Barnes</a> (1851)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Adams_(minister)" title="William Adams (minister)">Adams</a> (1852)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diarca_Howe_Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diarca Howe Allen (page does not exist)">Allen</a> (1853)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_H._Skinner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas H. Skinner (page does not exist)">Skinner</a> (1854)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carpenter_Wisner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Carpenter Wisner (page does not exist)">W. C. Wisner</a> (1855)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurens_Perseus_Hickok" title="Laurens Perseus Hickok">Hickok</a> (1856)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_W._Fisher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel W. Fisher (page does not exist)">S. W. Fisher</a> (1857)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_L._P._Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew L. P. Thompson (page does not exist)">M. Thompson</a> (1858)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Wilson_Patterson_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Wilson Patterson Sr. (page does not exist)">Patterson</a> (1859)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thornton_Anthony_Mills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thornton Anthony Mills (page does not exist)">Mills</a> (1860)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Bailey_Condit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Bailey Condit (page does not exist)">Condit</a> (1861)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Duffield_(minister,_born_1794)" title="George Duffield (minister, born 1794)">Duffield</a> (1862)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_B._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry B. Smith (page does not exist)">H. B. Smith</a> (1863)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Brainerd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Brainerd (page does not exist)">Brainerd</a> (1864)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Boylan_Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Boylan Shaw (page does not exist)">Shaw</a> (1865)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hopkins_(pastor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Hopkins (pastor) (page does not exist)">Hopkins</a> (1866)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addison_Nelson" title="Henry Addison Nelson">Nelson</a> (1867)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_French_Stearns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan French Stearns (page does not exist)">Stearns</a> (1868)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philemon_Halsted_Fowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philemon Halsted Fowler (page does not exist)">Fowler</a> (1869)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%">After reuniting (1869–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Trumbull_Backus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Trumbull Backus (page does not exist)">J. T. Backus</a> (1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zephaniah_Moore_Humphrey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zephaniah Moore Humphrey (page does not exist)">Z. Humphrey</a> (1871)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_J._Niccolls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel J. Niccolls (page does not exist)">Niccolls</a> (1872)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Crosby_(minister)" title="Howard Crosby (minister)">Crosby</a> (1873)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Wilson" title="Samuel J. Wilson">S. Wilson</a> (1874)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_D._Morris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward D. Morris (page does not exist)">Morris</a> (1875)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_van_Dyke_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry van Dyke Sr. (page does not exist)">van Dyke Sr.</a> (1876)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Eells_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Eells (minister) (page does not exist)">Eells</a> (1877)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Landey_Patton" title="Francis Landey Patton">Patton</a> (1878)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Harris_Jessup" title="Henry Harris Jessup">Jessup</a> (1879)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Paxton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Paxton (page does not exist)">Paxton</a> (1880)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Darling_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Darling (minister) (page does not exist)">Darling</a> (1881)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herrick_Johnson" title="Herrick Johnson">Johnson</a> (1882)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Francis_Hatfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Francis Hatfield (page does not exist)">Hatfield</a> (1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_P._Hays_(college_president)" title="George P. Hays (college president)">G. Hays</a> (1884)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elijah_R._Craven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elijah R. Craven (page does not exist)">Craven</a> (1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_C._Marquis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David C. Marquis (page does not exist)">D. Marquis</a> (1886)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_T._Smith_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph T. Smith (minister) (page does not exist)">J. T. Smith</a> (1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_L._Thompson_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles L. Thompson (minister) (page does not exist)">C. Thompson</a> (1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Roberts_(pastor)" title="William C. Roberts (pastor)">W. C. Roberts</a> (1889)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eves_Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Eves Moore (page does not exist)">Moore</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._Henry_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. Henry Green (page does not exist)">W. H. Green</a> (1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Young" title="William C. Young">W. C. Young</a> (1892)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Greer_Craig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Greer Craig (page does not exist)">Craig</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._A._Mutchmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. A. Mutchmore (page does not exist)">Mutchmore</a> (1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Russell_Booth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Russell Booth (page does not exist)">Booth</a> (1895)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_L._Withrow" title="John L. Withrow">Withrow</a> (1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Jackson" title="Sheldon Jackson">Jackson</a> (1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Radcliffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallace Radcliffe (page does not exist)">Radcliffe</a> (1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Sample&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert F. Sample (page does not exist)">Sample</a> (1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._Dickey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. Dickey (page does not exist)">Dickey</a> (1900)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Collin_Minton" title="Henry Collin Minton">Minton</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_van_Dyke_Jr." title="Henry van Dyke Jr.">van Dyke Jr.</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Coyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert F. Coyle (page does not exist)">Coyle</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Addison_Henry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Addison Henry (page does not exist)">Henry</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_D._Moffat" title="James D. Moffat">Moffat</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Corbett" title="Hunter Corbett">Corbett</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. Roberts (page does not exist)">W. H. Roberts</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baxter_P._Fullerton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baxter P. Fullerton (page does not exist)">Fullerton</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_M._Barkley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James M. Barkley (page does not exist)">Barkley</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Little_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Little (minister) (page does not exist)">Little</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_F._Carson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John F. Carson (page does not exist)">Carson</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_A._Matthews" title="Mark A. Matthews">Matthews</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Timothy_Stone" title="John Timothy Stone">Stone</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maitland_Alexander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maitland Alexander (page does not exist)">M. Alexander</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Ross_Stevenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Ross Stevenson (page does not exist)">Stevenson</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Abner_Marquis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Abner Marquis (page does not exist)">J. Marquis</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbur_Chapman" title="John Wilbur Chapman">Chapman</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Frank_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Frank Smith (page does not exist)">J. F. Smith</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Willis_Baer" title="John Willis Baer">Baer</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_S._Palmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel S. Palmer (page does not exist)">Palmer</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_C._Swearingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry C. Swearingen (page does not exist)">Swearingen</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_C._Hays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calvin C. Hays (page does not exist)">C. Hays</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Wishart" title="Charles F. Wishart">Wishart</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_E._Macartney" title="Clarence E. Macartney">Macartney</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Erdman_Sr." title="Charles R. Erdman Sr.">Erdman</a> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Oxley_Thompson" title="William Oxley Thompson">W. Thompson</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elliott_Speer" title="Robert Elliott Speer">Speer</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Kelso_Walker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Kelso Walker (page does not exist)">Walker</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cleland_Boyd_McAfee" title="Cleland Boyd McAfee">McAfee</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomson_Kerr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Thomson Kerr (page does not exist)">H. Kerr</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Seymour_Mudge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Seymour Mudge (page does not exist)">Mudge</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Kerr" title="Charles William Kerr">C. Kerr</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McDowell_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John McDowell (minister) (page does not exist)">J. McDowell</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Chalmers_Covert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Chalmers Covert (page does not exist)">Covert</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Anderson_Vance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Anderson Vance (page does not exist)">Vance</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Buck_Master&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Buck Master (page does not exist)">Master</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hiram_Foulkes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hiram Foulkes (page does not exist)">Foulkes</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Whitefield_Welch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Whitefield Welch (page does not exist)">Welch</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Higginbottom" title="Sam Higginbottom">Higginbottom</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lindsay_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lindsay Young (page does not exist)">W. L. Young</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Booth_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Booth Smith (page does not exist)">H. B. Smith</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Nye_Hutchison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart Nye Hutchison (page does not exist)">Hutchison</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sloane_Coffin" title="Henry Sloane Coffin">Coffin</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Ewing_Vale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Ewing Vale (page does not exist)">Vale</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Blakeman_Lampe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Blakeman Lampe (page does not exist)">Lampe</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_W._Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick W. Evans (page does not exist)">F. Evans</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilbur_LaRoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilbur LaRoe (page does not exist)">LaRoe</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Hays_Baird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Hays Baird (page does not exist)">Baird</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_E._Barbour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford E. Barbour (page does not exist)">Barbour</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Ivans_Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Ivans Evans (page does not exist)">H. Evans</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Ray_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Ray Anderson (page does not exist)">Anderson</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Nelson_Morse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Nelson Morse (page does not exist)">Morse</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Mackay" title="John A. Mackay">Mackey</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Waldo_Lloyd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Waldo Lloyd (page does not exist)">Lloyd</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_S._Wright_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul S. Wright (minister) (page does not exist)">Wright</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_W._Proffitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David W. Proffitt (page does not exist)">Proffitt</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_R._Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold R. Martin (page does not exist)">Martin</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_R._Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold R. Martin (page does not exist)">Martin</a> (1958)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970981#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970981#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970981#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118982656">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79118993">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12270124h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12270124h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00522651">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35199280">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2011669630&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX832908">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074024302">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6062205">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018M6733">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810610648805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/171118">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275425505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14821071">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03203026?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/861661">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118982656.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118982656">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067068073">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6f19dz4">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&oldid=1257205840">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hodge&oldid=1257205840</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1797_births" title="Category:1797 births">1797 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1878_deaths" title="Category:1878 deaths">1878 deaths</a></li><li><a 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-21T01:47:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-13T20:00:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/09\/PORTRAIT_OF_CHARLES_HODGE%2C_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg","headline":"American Presbyterian theologian (1797-1878)"}</script> </body> </html>