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(PDF) Gasoline: A complex chemical mixture, or a dangerous vehicle for benzene exposure? | James Keenan - Academia.edu
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One of the constituents of gasoline is benzene, a Group 1 carcinogen that has been strongly linked to both occupational and non-occupational leukemias. While benzene content in gasoline is federally regulated, there is approximately a thirty-year data gap in United States research on benzene exposures from pumping gasoline. Using a novel self-sampling protocol with whole air canisters, we conducted a gasoline pumping exposure assessment for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) on Baltimore, MD consumers. Geometric mean exposures (geometric standard deviations) were 3.2 (2.7) ppb,9.5 (3.5) ppb, 2.0 (2.8) ppb, and 7.3 (3.0) ppb, respectively, on 32 samples. Using the benzene exposures, we conducted consumer and occupational probabilistic risk assessments and contextualized the risk with ambient benzene exposure risk. We found that the consumer scenarios did not approach the 1:1,...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Benzene Exposure and Cancer Risk from Commercial Gasoline Station Fueling Events Using a Novel Self-Sampling Protocol","attachmentId":90810888,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86335420/Benzene_Exposure_and_Cancer_Risk_from_Commercial_Gasoline_Station_Fueling_Events_Using_a_Novel_Self_Sampling_Protocol","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86335420/Benzene_Exposure_and_Cancer_Risk_from_Commercial_Gasoline_Station_Fueling_Events_Using_a_Novel_Self_Sampling_Protocol"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21169950" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21169950/Benzene_toluene_ethylbenzene_and_xylene_concentrations_in_atmospheric_ambient_air_of_gasoline_and_CNG_refueling_stations">Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene concentrations in atmospheric ambient air of gasoline and CNG refueling stations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42340470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FarhadPourfarzi">Farhad Pourfarzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene concentrations in atmospheric ambient air of gasoline and CNG refueling stations","attachmentId":41745947,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21169950/Benzene_toluene_ethylbenzene_and_xylene_concentrations_in_atmospheric_ambient_air_of_gasoline_and_CNG_refueling_stations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21169950/Benzene_toluene_ethylbenzene_and_xylene_concentrations_in_atmospheric_ambient_air_of_gasoline_and_CNG_refueling_stations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="30204289" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30204289/Sampling_of_benzene_in_environmental_and_exhaled_air_by_solid_phase_microextraction_and_analysis_by_gas_chromatography_mass_spectrometry">Sampling of benzene in environmental and exhaled air by solid-phase microextraction and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57516433" href="https://ufmg.academia.edu/LeilianeAmorim">Leiliane André</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sampling of benzene in environmental and exhaled air by solid-phase microextraction and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry","attachmentId":50662911,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30204289/Sampling_of_benzene_in_environmental_and_exhaled_air_by_solid_phase_microextraction_and_analysis_by_gas_chromatography_mass_spectrometry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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Caldas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista de Saúde Pública, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human risk assessment of benzene after a gasoline station fuel leak","attachmentId":42810858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22147802/Human_risk_assessment_of_benzene_after_a_gasoline_station_fuel_leak","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22147802/Human_risk_assessment_of_benzene_after_a_gasoline_station_fuel_leak"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/12478255/Low_air_levels_of_benzene_Correlation_between_biomarkers_of_exposure_and_genotoxic_effects"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3167294" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3167294/_products_and_chemicals_in_the_oil_refining_and_petrochemical_industry_Part_XXII_health_hazards_from_exposure_to_gasoline_containing_methyl_tertiary_butyl_ether_study_">… products and chemicals in the oil-refining and petrochemical industry—Part XXII: health hazards from exposure to gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether: study …</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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href="https://www.academia.edu/62665985/Differentiation_of_Immediate_and_Delayed_Metabolic_Biomarkers_Qualitative_Assessment_of_Benzene_Exposure_in_Cigarette_Smokers_and_Petrol_Station_Workers">Differentiation of Immediate and Delayed Metabolic Biomarkers: Qualitative Assessment of Benzene Exposure in Cigarette Smokers and Petrol Station Workers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35230567" href="https://gfsu.academia.edu/RakhiAgarwal">Rakhi Agarwal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Journal of Chemistry</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Differentiation of Immediate and Delayed Metabolic Biomarkers: Qualitative Assessment of Benzene Exposure in Cigarette Smokers and Petrol Station 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data-entity-id="62143493" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62143493/Biomarkers_of_environmental_benzene_exposure">Biomarkers of environmental benzene exposure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3270213" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/PanosGeorgopoulos">Panos Georgopoulos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental Health Perspectives, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biomarkers of environmental benzene 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data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="9823109" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9823109/Population_exposure_to_benzene_One_day_cross_sections_in_six_European_cities">Population exposure to benzene: One day cross-sections in six European cities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23692975" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PascualPerezBallesta">Pascual Perez Ballesta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Atmospheric Environment, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Population exposure to benzene: One day cross-sections in six European 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