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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Home - Arab Spring: A Research & Study Guide * الربيع العربي - LibGuides at Cornell University</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut 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maxlength="260" placeholder="Search this Guide"> <label class="sr-only" for="s-lg-guide-search-terms">Search this Guide</label><input type="hidden" name="guide_id" value="31688" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Search</button></span></div></form></div> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-info" role="banner" aria-labelledby="s-lg-guide-name"> <h1 id="s-lg-guide-name">Arab Spring: A Research & Study Guide * الربيع العربي: Home</h1> <div id="s-lg-guide-desc-container" class="pad-top-med"> <span id="s-lg-guide-description">This guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the "Arab Spring," the popular revolutionary wave in the Middle East and North Africa that started in December 2010.</span> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-url"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">URL:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="s-lg-tabs-container" class="container s-lib-side-borders pad-top-med"> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs" class="tabs" role="navigation" aria-label="Guide tab navigation"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs split-button-nav"> <li class="active"><a title="" class="active" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/home" ><span>Home</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/c.php?g=31688&p=200749" ><span>General Background</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Tunisia" ><span>Tunisia</span></a></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link pull-left" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Egypt" ><span>Egypt</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/c.php?g=31688&p=200755" style="" >Egypt in Transition </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Libya" ><span>Libya</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Yemen" ><span>Yemen</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Syria" ><span>Syria</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Bahrain" ><span>Bahrain</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs-title-bar" class="container s-lib-side-borders"></div>   <div id="s-lg-guide-main" class="container s-lib-main s-lib-side-borders" role="main" aria-label="Guide content"> <div class="row s-lg-row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-126" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-1" class="col-md-9"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138291" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138291"><div id="s-lg-box-25656809-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656809" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Background</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656809" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146028" class=" clearfix"> <p>Since December 2010 the world has watched as demonstrations and protests spread across countries in North Africa and the Middle East. These pro-democracy movements rose up against the dictatorial regimes and corrupt leaders that had ruled for decades in some cases. Someone called these revolutionary events “Arab Spring,” and the phrase stuck. The specificity of these Arab revolutions is that they have been popular uprisings, leaderless and uncompromising in demanding total change. Why have the events in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria, etc. followed such different paths? What are the long-term political, social, and economic ramifications of these revolutions? What are their intended and unintended consequences as countries across the region seek political and social reforms? What's the future of the Arab revolution with regard to the crucial issues of freedom, democracy, fidelity to Islam, secularism, and tribal power? There are a lot of questions and there is much to study in the causes and factors that led to these large-scale movements. This guide will attempt to provide direction to the appropriate source material within the library and beyond.</p> <p><img alt="Large crowds of people gathered in a large plaza" loading="lazy" src="http://lgimages.s3.amazonaws.com/data/imagemanager/48495/3revol.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span lang="AR-SA">إذا الشّعْبُ يَوْمَاً أرَادَ الْحَيَـاةَ      فَلا بُدَّ أنْ يَسْتَجِيبَ القَـدَر</span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span lang="AR-SA">وَلا بُـدَّ لِلَّيـْلِ أنْ يَنْجَلِــي      وَلا بُدَّ للقَيْدِ أَنْ يَـنْكَسِـر</span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>If a people one day wills to live --- fate [God] must answer its call</strong></em><br /> <strong><em><em>And the night must fade ---- and the chain must break</em></em></strong></p> <p style="text-align: center;">(by Tunisian poet Abou el-Kacem al-Chebbi, b.February 24 ,1909- d.October9,1934)</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138294" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138294"><div id="s-lg-box-25656812-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656812" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">The Seven Steps of the Research Process</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656812" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146041" class=" clearfix"> <p><strong>STEP 1: <a href="http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/topic.html">IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP YOUR TOPIC</a></strong></p> <p><strong>STEP 2: <a href="http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/background.html">FIND BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></strong></p> <p><strong>STEP 3: <a href="http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/books.html">USE CATALOGS TO FIND BOOKS AND MEDIA</a></strong></p> <p><strong>STEP 4: <a href="http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/periodical.html">USE INDEXES TO FIND PERIODICAL ARTICLES</a></strong></p> <p><strong>STEP 5: <a href="http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/wwwguides.html">FIND INTERNET RESOURCES</a></strong></p> <p><strong>STEP 6: <a href="http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/evaluate.html">EVALUATE WHAT YOU FIND</a></strong></p> <p><strong>STEP 7: CITE WHAT YOU FIND USING A STANDARD FORMAT </strong></p> <h3><strong>Available online</strong>:</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://encompass.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/checkIP.cgi?access=gateway_standard%26url=http://www.refworks.com/refworks"><strong>RefWorks</strong></a> is a web-based program that allows you to easily collect, manage, and organize bibliographic references by interfacing with databases. RefWorks also interfaces directly with Word, making it easy to import references and incorporate them into your writing, properly formatted according to the style of your choice.</li> <li><a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/services/citing.html"><strong>See our guide to citation tools and styles</strong></a>.</li> <li>Format the citations in your bibliography using examples from the following Library help pages: <a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/mla"><strong>Modern Language Association (MLA) examples</strong></a> and <a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/apa"><strong>American Psychological Association (APA) examples</strong></a>.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138297" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138297"><div id="s-lg-box-25656815-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656815" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Evaluation of Web Resources</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656815" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146049" class=" clearfix"> <p><a href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/Evaluate.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><strong>Evaluating Web Pages: Questions to Ask & Strategies for Getting the Answers</strong></a></p> <h3><em>Eight-point evaluation checklist from the UC Berkeley Library: </em></h3> <ul> <li>What can the URL tell you?</li> <li>Who wrote the page? Is he, she, or the authoring institution a qualified authority?</li> <li>Is it dated? Current, timely?</li> <li>Is information cited authentic?</li> <li>Does the page have overall integrity and reliability as a source?</li> <li>What's the bias?</li> <li>Could the page or site be ironic, like a satire or a spoof?</li> <li>If you have questions or reservations, how can you satisfy them?</li> </ul> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div id="s-lg-col-2" class="col-md-3"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-652470" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-652470"><div id="s-lg-box-576481-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-576481" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Middle East Curator</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-576481" > <div class="s-lib-box-content">  <div id="s-lib-profile-6506" class="s-lib-profile-container"> <a href="//guides.library.cornell.edu/prf.php?id=58ad1ed5-7cdb-11ed-9922-0ad758b798c3"> <div id="s-lib-profile-image-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/accounts/9326/profiles/6506/thumbnail_port.jpg" alt="Profile Photo"/> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-name-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-name" style=""> Ali Houissa </div> </a> <div id="s-lib-profile-pronouns-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-pronouns"> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-email-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-email"> <a title="ah16@cornell.edu" href="mailto:ah16@cornell.edu" class="label label-info">Email Me</a> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-widget-la-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-widget-la"> <div class="s-lib-profile-widget"><a href="http://vivo.cornell.edu/display/individual22719" target="_top"> <img alt="VIVO" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/libapps/accounts/218/images/vivo.jpg" /></a></div> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-widget-lc-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-widget-lc"> <div class="s-lib-profile-widget"></div> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-widget-other-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-widget-other"> <div class="s-lib-profile-widget"></div> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-contact-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-contact"> <strong>Contact:</strong> <div>174 Kroch Library <br /> Cornell University<br /> Ithaca, NY, 14853<br /> USA<br /> ah16@cornell.edu</div><div>(607) 254-1614</div><a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast"><span aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-bookmark fa-lg"></span> <span class="sr-only">Website</span></a> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-social-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-social"> <strong>Social:</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ali-houissa-b16b2b57"><span aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-linkedin fa-lg"></span> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn Page</span></a> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-subjects-6506" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-subjects"> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-36662324" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-36662324"><div id="s-lg-box-31173439-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-31173439" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">AccessAnywhere</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-31173439" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-72908197" class=" clearfix"> <p><strong>Looking for an easier way to access Cornell resources from off campus? 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