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class="container s-lib-side-borders pad-top-med"> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs" class="tabs" role="navigation" aria-label="Guide tab navigation"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs split-button-nav"> <li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/home" ><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="active"><a title="" class="active" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/c.php?g=31688&p=200749" ><span>General Background</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Tunisia" ><span>Tunisia</span></a></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link pull-left" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Egypt" ><span>Egypt</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/c.php?g=31688&p=200755" style="" >Egypt in Transition </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Libya" ><span>Libya</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Yemen" ><span>Yemen</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Syria" ><span>Syria</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Bahrain" ><span>Bahrain</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs-title-bar" class="container s-lib-side-borders"></div>   <div id="s-lg-guide-main" class="container s-lib-main s-lib-side-borders" role="main" aria-label="Guide content"> <div class="row s-lg-row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-126" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-1" class="col-md-8"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138306" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138306"><div id="s-lg-box-25656824-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656824" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Subject Headings (Search Terms in the online Catalog)</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656824" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146077" class=" clearfix"> <p>You can search the <a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/">online Library Catalog</a> to find books, journals (in print and digital), databases, DVDs, CDs and more in all campus libraries and beyond. It would be helpful to think about which search terms will be effective and structure a search that the Library tools can understand. The following are examples of subject search terms (Subject Headings) used for this research topic:</p> <ul> <li><em>Revolutions - Arab countries</em></li> <li><em>Arab Spring, 2010-</em></li> <li><em>Arab countries - History - Arab Spring, 2011</em></li> <li><em>Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century</em></li> <li><em>Protest movements - Arab countries - 21st century</em></li> <li><em>Revolutions - Arab countries - 21st century</em></li> <li><em>Government, Resistance to - Arab countries - History - 21st century</em></li> <li><em>Democratization - Middle East - History - 21st century</em></li> <li><em>Egypt - History - 21st Century </em></li> <li><em>Egypt - History - Revolution, 2011 </em></li> <li><em>Egypt - Politics and government - 21st century</em></li> <li><em>Democratization</em><em> - Egypt</em><em>- 21st Century </em></li> <li><em>Crises - Egypt - Politics and government - 21st century </em></li> <li><em>Online social networks - Political aspects – Egypt</em></li> <li><em>Social networks - Political aspects – Egypt</em></li> <li><em>Twitter - Political aspects – Egypt</em></li> <li><em>Tunisia - History - Revolution, 2011 </em></li> <li><em>Tunisia - Politics and Government - 21st Century</em></li> <li><em>Protest movements</em><em> - Tunisia</em><em>- 21st Century</em></li> <li><em>Democratization</em><em> - Tunisia</em><em>- 21st Century</em></li> </ul> <p><em> ... [For other countries, replace name in the samples above]</em></p> <p><a href="https://www.library.cornell.edu/ask">Help is available. </a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138309" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138309"><div id="s-lg-box-25656827-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656827" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Keyword Search Terms & Phrases</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656827" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146083" class=" clearfix"> <p>You can also start with a general keyword search. The following are suggested keyword search terms (may be also useful as Internet search terms and phrases)</p> <ul> <li><em>“Arab Spring”</em></li> <li><em>"Arab Spring" uprisings</em></li> <li><em>Arab Awakening</em></li> <li><em>Middle East unrest</em></li> <li><em>Middle East uprising</em></li> <li><em>Pro-Democracy Movements in the Middle East</em></li> <li><em>Revolution in the Arab world</em></li> <li><em>"Arabischer Frühling"</em></li> <li><em>"Printemps arabe"</em></li> </ul> <p><em>*"Arab Spring" in other languages and scripts:</em><span lang="hy">arabգարուն - </span><span lang="bn">আরববসন্ত - </span><span lang="zh-CN">阿拉伯的春天 -</span><span lang="fr"> printemps arabe - </span><span lang="de">arabischerFrühling - </span><span lang="el">αραβικήάνοιξη - </span><span lang="gu">આરબવસંત - </span><span lang="iw">ערביהאביב - </span><span lang="is">Arabvor -</span><span lang="hi">अरब वसंत - </span><span lang="ja">アラブの春 - </span><span lang="ko">아랍봄 - </span><span lang="mt">arabrebbiegħa - </span><span lang="fa">بهار عرب - </span><span lang="ru">арабскаявесна - </span><span lang="sv">arabfjäder - </span><span lang="ta">அரபுவசந்த - </span><span lang="te">అరబ్వసంత - </span><span lang="th">ฤดูใบไม้ผลิอาหรับ - </span><span lang="uk">арабськавесна - </span><span lang="ur">عرب موسم بہار</span> - <span lang="cy">gwanwynArabaidd - </span><span lang="yi">ראַבערקוואַל - </span><strong>Primavera araba.</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138315" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138315"><div id="s-lg-box-25656832-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656832" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">News Sources</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656832" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146090" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><span style="font-size: small; font-family: times new roman,times;"><a href="http://english.aljazeera.net/watch_now/" title="Live Stream">Al Jazeera Live Stream</a> <span id="ctl00_cphBody_ctl00_ChannelTitle">(Al Jazeera English: Live TV)</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/about-us-global-arab-network.html">Global Arab Network</a></span> <span style="font-size: small;">in English and Arabic</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://find.galegroup.com/gic/dispHomePage.do?prodId=GIC&userGroupName=itsbtrial">Global Issues in Context</a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="st1"> <span style="color: #222222;">[</span></span>Gale] Search Term “Arab Spring”</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/slanews/internet/intarchives.htm#mideast">International News Archives on the Web (Middle East) </a></span> </span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.themedialine.org/">The Media Line</a></span> <span style="font-size: small;">The Mideast News Sources</span></span></li> <li><a href="http://pulitzercenter.org/search?terms=arab+spring"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: small;">The Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting </span></a><span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: small;">(Arab Spring)</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: small;"><a href="http://getlocalne.ws/language/arabic">Arabic News Aggregator</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size: small; font-family: times new roman,times;"><a href="http://wnc.dialog.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=wnc.region_search">World News </a><a href="http://wnc.dialog.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=wnc.region_search">Connection (WNC)</a></span><span class="st" style="font-size: small; font-family: times new roman,times;"> International news and information especially local media sources.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><a href="http://www.voanews.com/english/news/middle-east/">Voice of America: Middle East</a> The United States government's news & information service.</span></li> <li><img alt="" loading="lazy" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="width: 37px; height: 14px;" /><a href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,2045328,00.html"><img alt="TIME.com Special Report" height="11" id="channel-logo" loading="lazy" src="http://img.timeinc.net/time/2011/graphics/headers/specials.gif" title="TIME.com Special Report" width="59" /><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; font-family: times new roman,times;">The Middle East in Revolt</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/jadnav"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: times new roman,times; color: #000000;">Jadaliyya Navigation / by country</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138317" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138317"><div id="s-lg-box-25656834-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656834" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">E-Publications & Electronic Text Collections</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656834" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146094" class=" clearfix"> <p>You can browse or search the following by using keywords and general terms and phrases, as you would do with any Internet search:</p> <ul> <li> <div><a href="http://blogs.cornell.edu/mideastlibrarian/category/%E2%80%A2pro-democracy-movements-in-the-middle-east/">The Arab democratic wave</a> (Cornell)</div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://books.google.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Books</a></div> </li> <li><a href="http://www.archive.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.wdl.org/en/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">World Digital Library</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ulib.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Universal Digital Library Million Book Collection</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.gwu.edu/%7Ensarchiv/index.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">National Security Archive</a>(The National Security Archive is an independent non-governmental research institute and library located at The George Washington University, the Archive collects and publishes declassified documents obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. The Archive also serves as a repository of government records on a wide range of topics pertaining to the national security, foreign, intelligence, and economic policies of the United States).</li> <li><a href="http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo18547%20http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72399/pdf/CHRG-112shrg72399.pdf">Women and the Arab Spring</a> : joint hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy, and Global Women's Issues and the Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, November 2, 2011. (iii, 69 p.)</li> <li><a href="http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/1392/616">The Arab Spring and the Role of ICTs Editorial Introduction</a> [International Journal of Communication]</li> <li><a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/Role%20of%20Social%20Media%20During%20the%20Arab%20Spring.pdf">Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring</a> © 2011 Project on Information Technology and Political Islam.</li> <li><a href="http://www.cfr.org/publication/24876/?co=C033005">The New Arab Revolt: What Happened, What It Means, and What Comes Next </a>(Ebook. Includes pieces from Foreign Affairs, ForeignAffairs.com, and CFR.org as well as speeches and primary source documents. Available in Kindle, Nook, Sony Reader, iBook, PDF, and paperback versions. <a href="http://catalog.library.cornell.edu/gb6.html?bib_key=ISBN:9786613100436&limit=Entire%20book" target="mywindow"><strong>View entire book.</strong>)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/dv/file69272.pdf">The Economic Prospects of the 'Arab Spring': A Bumpy Road Ahead</a> [PDF] / by Hassan Hakimian, Director of the London Middle East Institute and Reader, Economics Department, SOAS (Underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as Egypt and Tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the 'Arab Spring' in the Middle East and North Africa. His analysis suggests that they will face difficult challenges in trying to both bring about lasting transformations in the livelihoods of ordinary citizens and avoiding the burden of conditionalities likely to be linked to future external assistance and investment).</li> <li><a href="http://csis.org/files/publication/111102_MENA_Stability_Security.pdf">Rethinking the Arab "spring" : stability and security in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and the rest of the MENA region</a> [PDF] / Anthony H. Cordesman. Washington, D.C. : Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2011. (No one can ignore the short-term problems the political upheavals in Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia create for each country. New leaders must be chosen and security systems must be changed. The problems involved can kill political, economic and demographic reforms before they even begin. There is a serious danger, however, in focusing on short term needs and failing to focus on the depth of the problems that Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and virtually every other Middle Eastern and North African state now face).</li> <li><a href="http://www.middle-east-studies.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/last-words-Role-of-Arab-militaries-in-popular-uprisings.pdf">Role of Arab militaries in popular uprisings</a> / James M. Dorsey. <a href="http://www.middle-east-studies.net/">Middle East Studies Online Journal</a> - Download the full paper (PDF) The structure and role of the armed forces in Egypt and Tunisia made the relatively peaceful overthrow of autocratic rulers in both countries the exception in the Middle East and North Africa. Similarly the structure of the military helps explain the violence in Libya, Syria and Yemen. It foreshadows worse violence in countries like Iran and Saudi Arabia should their regimes face similar uprisings.</li> <li><a href="http://cmec.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/CMEC-Arab-Spring.pdf">The Arab Spring – Implications for British Policy.</a> A Briefing Paper for the <strong>Conservative Middle East Council (CMEC) </strong> and<strong> Chatham House. </strong> (October 2011; 64 pages).</li> <li><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDIQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanprogress.org%2Fissues%2Fsecurity%2Freport%2F2013%2F02%2F28%2F54579%2Fthe-arab-spring-and-climate-change%2F&ei=aeI0UaqMGuSL0QGJ0oDQBw&usg=AFQjCNHfOMbpCBONu8GvTmL9mgGeKCyrIQ&bvm=bv.43148975,d.dmQ&cad=rja">The Arab Spring and Climate Change | Center for American Progress </a>“The Arab Spring and Climate Change” does not argue that climate change caused the revolutions that have shaken the Arab world over the past two years. But the essays collected in this slim volume make a compelling case that the consequences of climate change are stressors that can ignite a volatile mix of underlying causes that erupt into revolution.</li> <li><a href="http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/cms/harriercollectionitems/Turkeyandarabspring.pdf%20%20">Turkey and the Arab Spring </a>A briefing by Hannah Stuart for The Henry Jackson Society (October 2011; 15 pages).</li> <li><a href="http://www.egmontinstitute.be/paperegm/ep54.pdf">An Arab springboard for EU foreign policy? [Arab springboard for European Union foreign policy]</a> / Sven Biscop, Rosa Balfour and Michael Emerson, [editors]. Gent [Belgium] : Academia Press for Egmont--The Royal Institute for International Relations ; [Brussels, Belgium] : CEPS ; European Policy Centre, [January 2012]. 93 p. The EU has not been perceived as reacting very rapidly or effectively to the so-called Arab Spring. Events do validate the underpinning idea of the European Security Strategy and the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP): only where governments guarantee to their citizens security, prosperity, freedom and equality, can peace and stability last -- otherwise, people will revolt. But in practice, in its southern neighbourhood the EU has acted in precisely the opposite manner, so the Arab Spring is occurring in spite of rather than thanks to EU policy. The ENP stands at a crossroads therefore: can a new start be made? Which instruments and, in times of austerity, which means, can the EU apply to consolidate democratization? And, finally, can the EU continue to wage an ENP without addressing the hard security dimension, especially as the US seem to be withdrawing from crisis management in the region -- or shall it continue to leave that to others?</li> <li><a href="http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CIMA_SocialMediaintheArabWorld_LeadinguptotheUprisingsof2011.pdf">Social Media in the Arab World: Leading Up to the Uprisings of 2011.</a> A report by Jeffrey Ghannam to the Center for International Media Assistance. (February 3, 2011; 45 pages) </li> <li><a href="http://ccas.georgetown.edu/256660.html">Revolution in the Arab World: The Long View</a> / by Laleh Khalili, Jillian Schwedler, William Zartman, Gamal Eid.Research paper from the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University. "In Revolution in the Arab World: The Long View, CCAS presents recent analysis of the historical context and events making up the Arab Spring. Themes covered in this collection include the prospects Arab states have to institutionalize their achievements, the vulnerability of various Arab authoritarian states to uprisings similar to those in Tunisia and Egypt, and counter strategies authoritarian regimes are using to resist, contain, and co-opt the protests."</li> <li><a href="http://www.fpri.org/enotes/2012/201201.cincotta.demography_arabspring.html">Life Begins After 25: Demography And Societal Timing Of Arab Spring </a> by Richard Cincotta,Foreign Policy Research Institute.</li> <li><a href="http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/01/22/world-report-2012">Human Rights Watch World Report 2012. </a>With Introductory Chapter on the Arab Revolt. (January 2012; 690 pages). The introductory essay <a href="http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/introduction">examines the Arab Spring</a>, which has created an extraordinary opportunity for change. </li> <li><a href="http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/time-abandon-autocrats-and-embrace-rights" title="Time to Abandon the Autocrats and Embrace Rights">Time to Abandon the Autocrats and Embrace Rights</a>The International Response to the Arab Spring / By Kenneth Roth (Introductory Chapter on the Arab Revolt. Human Rights Watch, January 2012).</li> <li><a href="http://www.mcu.usmc.mil/Middle%20East%20Studies%20Documents/MES%20Lecture%20Series/Arab%20Revolt%20Series%202011-2012/MES_11_12_LecSeriesInv_Cagaptay.pdf%20">Turkish model : Turkey's role in the Arab Spring</a> / Soner Cagaptay. Quantico, Va. : Middle East Studies, Marine Corps University, 2012. Lecture held January 12, 2012, Gray Research Center, Marine Corps University. [PDF & Vid. Windows Media Player required.]</li> <li><a href="http://www.ceps.eu/book/arab-spring-%E2%80%93-it-revolution">The Arab spring : is it a revolution?</a> / Michael Emerson. Brussels : Centre for European Policy Studies, c2011. [103.78 KB<a href="http://www.ceps.eu/ceps/download/6528">Download</a>.]  In this Commentary, Michael Emerson continues the exercise he initiated in June of monitoring developments of the Arab Revolutions at six-month intervals. The scoreboard so far shows three outright regime changes (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya), with two more in the pipeline: Yemen experiencing a slow regime change of uncertain destination, and with Syria into its eight month of bloody repression. He notes that all of these have been republics, whereas the monarchies of the region (Morocco, Jordan and the six Gulf states) have been spared so far, all making concessions to head off uprisings, either monetary manna in the case of the petro-monarchies, or some tentative political concessions in the non-petro-monarchies. Qualitatively, his general observation is that the street has lost its fear, while by the same token the authoritarian leaderships themselves became fearful for their future, if not for their lives. "This Commentary also appears in the European Neighbourhood Watch, No. 77, December 2011."</li> <li><a href="http://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ACSS-Special-Report-1.pdf">Africa and the Arab spring : a new era of democratic expectations</a>. (62 p. digital, PDF file)Washington, DC : Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 2011. Executive summary. -- A year of change. -- Africa's checkered democratic progress. -- Triggers and drivers: Africa's changing democratic expectations. -- Prospects for democratic transitions. -- Africa's changing governance equation. -- Recommendations. -- Conclusion. -- Notes. -- Working group members.</li> <li><a href="http://www.isdp.eu/images/stories/isdp-main-pdf/2011_cornell-verstandig_egypt-israel.pdf">Egypt, Israel and the West in the wake of the Arab Spring </a>/ Svante E. Cornell and Natalie Verständig. Stockholm : Institute for Security and Development Policy, 2011. "The Camp David Accords signed in 1979 by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin are often cited as a watershed event in the modern history of Israel-Arab relations. The accords initiated an era of cold, yet stable peace between the former adversaries which can broadly be described as little more than the absence of war. In 2011, over three decades later, the future of Israeli-Egyptian relations is unknown. Following the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak as a result of a popular uprising and the rise of Egypt's Islamist parties, those hoping for quiet on the Israel-Egypt border are increasingly concerned."</li> <li> <div><a href="http://library.cqpress.com/globalresearcher/cqrglobal2011050300%20">Turmoil in the Arab World : will democracy emerge from the "Arab Spring"? </a>/ Roland Flamini. Washington, D.C : CQ Press, 2011. Massive, largely peaceful demonstrations in January and February forced longtime autocrats in Tunisia and Egypt from power, including Hosni Mubarak, who had dominated Egypt for more than 30 years. Subsequently, protests erupted in at least a dozen other countries across the Arab world, several of which continue. Using social media to organize, young demonstrators have called for the removal of long-entrenched corrupt regimes, greater freedom and more jobs. They have been met with violent government crackdowns in Syria, Yemen and Bahrain, while in Libya strongman Moammar Gadhafi is battling a ragtag rebel force backed by NATO. As the region reverberates with calls for change, scholars say some key questions must be answered: Will the region become more democratic or will Islamic fundamentalists take control? And will relations with the West and Israel suffer? Then on May 1, al Qaida chief Osama bin Laden was killed in a U.S. raid in Pakistan. Once, such news might have triggered anti-U.S. protests across the region. Now, it seemed, those bin Laden had tried to radicalize were more interested in jobs and freedom than in bin Laden's dream of a vast, new Muslin caliphate. <em><a href="http://library.cqpress.com/globalresearcher/document.php?id=cqrglobal2011050300&abstract=false">Read the Full Report (Subscription Required)</a></em></div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.inss.org.il/upload/(FILE)1330948414.pdf">One year of the Arab Spring : global and regional implications</a> / Yoel Guzansky and Mark A. Heller, editors. Published: Tel Aviv : Institute for National Security Studies, 2012. (77 p.) : digital, PDF file . Collection of fifteen articles explores what is evident thus far as to the regional and international ramifications of the upheavals, with special reference to the potential ramifications for Israeli national security.</div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iran%20Gulf/Jordan/118-popular-protest-in-north-africa-and-the-middle-east-ix-dallying-with-reform-in-a-divided-jordan.pdf">Popular protest in North Africa and the Middle East (IX)</a> : dallying with reform in a divided Jordan. Amman : International Crisis Group, 2012.</div> </li> <li><a href="http://ccas.georgetown.edu/files/Occ_Pap_Long_View.pdf">Revolution in the Arab World : the long view </a>/ Laleh Khalili, ... [et al.]. Washington, DC : Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, 2011.</li> <li><a href="http://www.fpri.org/enotes/2012/201204.yom.monarchy-arab-spring.html">Uderstanding the Resilience of Monarchy During the Arab Spring.</a> By Sean L. Yom (April 2012) Over a year into the Arab Spring, a curious pattern has come to define the revolutionary wave that has swept the Middle East. It is presidents and colonels, not kings and princes, who have proven most vulnerable to social upheaval. Such outcomes have led many analysts to generalizeboldly: in an era of revolutionary turmoil, perhaps monarchical rule provides the safest path for autocratic perpetuity. After all, rumblings of discontent have not overthrown incumbents in any of the Arab kingdoms.</li> <li><a href="http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Way-22-4.pdf">Comparing the Arab Revolts - Journal of Democracy</a><strong><em>Journal of Democracy </em></strong>October 2011, Volume 22, Number 4. Marc F. Plattner Lucan Way John Carey & Andrew Reynolds <strong>... </strong><a href="http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Way-22-4.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Comparing the Arab Revolts: The Lessons of 1989</a> / <a href="http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Barany-22-4.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Comparing the Arab Revolts: The Role of the Military</a> / <a href="http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Mehta-22-4.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Do New Democracies Support Democracy? Reluctant India</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE01/001/2012/en/e2985922-558f-486d-8e68-ef54a7d25222/mde010012012en.pdf">Middle East and North Africa: Year of rebellion: The state of human rights in the Middle East and North Africa</a>. [Amnesty International Report] 2011 was a year without precedent for the peoples of the Middle East and North Africa region. It was a year in which millions of people of all ages and backgrounds flooded on to the streets to demand change. Dubbed the “Arab Spring”, in fact the protests brought together in common cause people from many different communities. This report describes the events of this tumultuous year, one which saw much suffering and sadness but also spread hope within the region and beyond, to countries where other people face repression and everyday abuse of their human rights.</li> <li><a href="http://arablit.wordpress.com/for-teachers/an-overview-of-the-narrating-the-arab-spring-conference/">‘Narrating the Arab Spring’ Conference</a> Overview of the three-day conference, which took places at Cairo University from February 18-20.</li> <li><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03056244.2011.582766">An Arab spring </a>/ Marion Dixon. IN: Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 38, No. 128, June 2011, pp. 309–316.</li> <li><a href="http://www.isdp.eu/images/stories/isdp-main-pdf/2012_cornell-verstandig_arab-awakening.pdf">Winners and losers in the Arab Awakening</a> / Svante E. Cornell and Natalie Verständig. Stockholm : Institute for Security and Development Policy, 2012.(3 p. PDF)  "On January 25, 2012, one year has passed since the protests began on Cairo's Tahrir Square. Events in the Middle East and North Africa over the past year have altered many previously held beliefs about the political dynamics of the region, and it is still difficult to assess the full meaning of the Arab awakening. But as the dust begins to settle, it is possible to perceive the direction in which these post-revolutionary states are headed. While in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, dictators have been deposed and in two of these states elections have been held, there is little progress toward true democracy. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly clear that the Arab awakening has created winners and losers. Paradoxically, the losers include both the liberal forces who spearheaded the revolutions, and the deposed dictators; the winners are the Islamist forces, who contributed little to the overthrow of the old regimes but certainly are reaping the benefits of their demise"--Publisher's description.</li> <li><a href="http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Economic%20Lessons%20from%20Iraq_0.pdf">Economic lessons from Iraq for countries of the Arab Spring</a> / Joseph Sassoon. Washington, D.C. : Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2012. (7 p. PDF) "One year after the revolution swept through a number of countries in the Arab world, we can begin to comprehend the factors that caused it. Overall, there is an understanding that these popular uprisings were caused equally by a rejection of authoritarian regimes and anger at economic injustice. While they were taking place, another Arab country, Iraq, was witnessing similar economic frustrations and anger at decision-makers' inability to solve the issues confronting the population. Yet, there were only a few demonstrations in Iraq--an outcome of the continuing traumatic violence that has enveloped the country since the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. Given that Iraqis have experienced relatively democratic elections, it would be instructive to analyze the economic lessons of an Arab country emerging from an authoritarian regime and to assess the pitfalls that other Arab countries might encounter with their nascent democracies. This article will focus mostly on Egypt and Tunisia, as the Syrian people are still battling against the tyranny of their autocratic regime"-- P. [1].</li> <li> <a href="http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=wpsa/wpsa21.pdf">Elements For A Scientific Analysis Of The Arab Revolutions In Spring 2011</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/islamist_econ.pdf">The economic agenda of the Islamist parties</a> / Ibrahim Saif and Muhammad Abu Rumman. Washington, DC : Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2012. (28 p. PDF file) Islamist parties have gained newfound political power across the Arab world. Four parties in particular -- Tunisia's Ennahda, Egypt's Freedom and Justice Party, Morocco's Justice and Development Party, and Jordan's Islamic Action Front -- have either made a strong showing at the ballot box or are expected to in upcoming elections. Their successes have dredged up fears about their political and social ambitions, with worries ranging from the enforcement of sharia law to the implications for Western tourists on these countries' beaches. Meanwhile, the parties' economic platforms have largely been overlooked, despite the serious challenges that lie ahead for the economies of the Arab world. Economic realities in Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, and Jordan alike are quite difficult. These countries face high rates of poverty and unemployment, declining productivity and competitiveness, low levels of integration with the global economy, acute disparities between classes and regions, corruption, high domestic and foreign debt, and more. All of these challenges require radical changes in the existing order and far-sighted planning. The question, then, is whether the newly empowered Islamists can deliver the economic results their publics need. Each of these four parties has offered policies to overcome the key economic challenges facing their countries. The proposals, while ambitious, are far from revolutionary, and their programs vary in their level of detail and sophistication -- Ennahda, for instance, is by far the most thorough, while Jordan's Islamic Action Front is still struggling to develop detailed stances. The parties are generally quite pragmatic, asserting that the basic economic system will remain the same but seeking to dramatically improve the management of economic affairs. A number of key points can be discerned from the economic agendas of these four parties. They do not call for the nationalization of industries or the renationalization of privatized state-owned enterprises and demonstrate respect for private property rights. All of the parties welcome partnerships with the private sector to implement their proposed projects, particularly when it comes to public utilities and infrastructure. They consistently agree on the need to combat corruption, strengthen the foundations of good governance, eliminate financial and economic waste, and enact socially just policies. And all demonstrate a commitment to international economic agreements, with Morocco and Tunisia in particular focusing on relations with Europe.</li> <li><a href="http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2012C07_sbg.pdf">Qatar and the Arab spring : support for Islamists and new anti-Syrian policy</a> / Guido Steinberg.  Berlin, Germany : Stiftung Wissenchaft und Politik, 2012. 8 p.) : digital, PDF file. The small but wealthy Gulf State of Qatar is striving to adopt a leading role in the Arab world, and has readjusted its foreign policy in the wake of the Arab Spring. In doing so it has tried to stick to its former strategy of maintaining good relations with all countries that could be important to Qatar's survival, primarily the U.S. and Iran. At the same time Doha (which until 2011 had mostly counted on the authoritarian status quo in the region) hopes to profit from the recent upheavals in the Arab world by supporting the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamist opposition groups. With regard to Syria, this policy is threatening to bring Qatar into conflict with its powerful neighbor Iran. While Qatar publicly declared its support for the opposition early last summer, Iran wants to save Bashar al-Assad's regime and thereby ensure the survival of its main ally in the Middle East. The Syrian crisis could risk destabilizing Qatar's traditional balancing act between the U.S. and its allies on the one hand and Iran and its allies on the other.</li> <li><a href="http://tandf.msgfocus.com/c/1hvfnODcSzQYMFaTj2UfqR207">The Arab Spring Revisited </a>Routledge articles published about the Arab Spring in the last year. What are the social impacts of the unrest? How have countries outside of the Middle East responded to the crisis? What are the implications for the region’s military and security?<br /> The latest content relevant to the Arab Spring has been selected for you to view, with the articles chosen spanning our Area Studies and Politics and International Relations portfolios.</li> <li><a href="http://www.gallup.com/file/poll/155306/MSG_Gender_Report_en-US_062212.pdf">After the Arab Uprisings: Women on Rights, Religion, and Rebuilding -- Final Report</a> [Gallup has released a report on Women in the Arab world post Arab spring.] "After the Arab Uprisings: Women on Rights, Religion, and Rebuilding" examines ordinary citizens' views on the issues vital to rebuilding after the revolution. The report focuses on several countries that experienced upheaval in 2011, exploring the perspectives of women and men on the role of religious legislation, women's rights, life perceptions, and the economy. <a href="http://www.gallup.com/file/poll/155306/MSG_Gender_Report_en-US_062212.pdf" title="After the Arab Uprisings: Women on Rights, Religion, and Rebuilding -- Final Report">Download File MSG_Gender_Report_en-US_062212.pdf</a>(1.9 MB)</li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.metapress.com/content/l32065838273/">Understanding the Middle East Uprisings</a>. Mobilization's Special Issue on Arab Revolutions (edited by Charles Kurzman) <em>Mobilization</em>, Vol. 17, No. 4, December 2012, pp. 377-455.</div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138319" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138319"><div id="s-lg-box-25656836-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656836" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Literature (Prose & Poetry)</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656836" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146097" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/3674/prophecy-and-deliverance_reading-al-azm-in-an-age-" title="Permanent Link to: Prophecy and Deliverance: Reading al-'Azm in An Age of Revolution">Prophecy and Deliverance: Reading al-'Azm in An Age of Revolution</a> Sadik J. al-`Azm. Self-Criticism After the Defeat. Translated by George Stergios. London: Saqi Books, 2011.</li> <li><a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/adonisQuds-1.html">Adonis Writes: For Revolutions' Sake: On Arab Spring and Uprisings in Syria = </a><a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/adonisQuds-1.html"><strong>أدونيس يكتب: من أجل الثورة</strong></a>. Al-Quds Al-Arabi (London), 13 March, 2012.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div id="s-lg-col-2" class="col-md-4"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138323" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138323"><div id="s-lg-box-25656840-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656840" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Issue Guides & Bibliographies</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656840" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146100" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="http://archive-it.org/public/collection.html?id=2349">North Africa & the Middle East 2011</a> / Internet Archive Global Events (Events; Government; Blogs & Social Media)</li> <li><a href="http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?idigest=5240efa7b366f5e884b288775e253a14&searchType=BasicSearchForm&type=portal&prodId=GIC&queryId=Locale%28en,US,%29:FQE=%28PI,None,5%29G1548$&portalId=G1548&version=1.0&userGroupName=gale&source=gale"><em>Arab Spring</em> - GIC Portal Page</a> /<em> Global Issues in Context</em> (GIC) by Gale : selections from award winning reference materials from across the Gale, Macmillan, Scribner, and U•X•L imprints. content is proprietary to Gale and not available on the web.</li> <li><a href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/mena/arab-spring-timeline/">The <em>Arab Spring</em> timeline</a> / The Foreign & Commonwealth Office, UK Foreign Office (Britain)</li> <li><a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/arab_revolution">Revolution in the Arab world</a> / <a href="https://www.cambeywest.com/subscribe/?p=frp&f=paid&s=I101AFSUB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/issue-guide-one-year-arab-spring-upheavals/p26764">Issue Guide: One Year of '<em>Arab Spring</em>' Upheavals</a>/ the Council on Foreign Relations</li> <li><a href="http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/issue-guide-middle-east-north-africa/p23929">Issue Guide on Middle East and North Africa</a> / the Council on Foreign Relations</li> <li><a href="http://en.rsf.org/saudi-arabia-arab-spring-and-repression-04-08-2011,40746.html">Arab Spring and repression continue ... - Reporters Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-60-second-guide-to-the-arab-spring-whos-in-whos-out-and-whos-barely-hanging-on-2011-5">A 60-Second <em>Guide</em> To The <em>Arab Spring</em></a> : Who's In, Who's Out And Who's Barely Hanging On. Business Insider, Inc. May, 2011.</li> <li><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-12482315">Middle East protests: Country by country</a> (BBC) </li> <li>Background Guide<em>speranza.co.in/LOAS-Background-<strong>Guide</strong>.pdf</em></li> <li><a href="http://hpronline.org/tag/arab-spring/">Arab Spring — The Harvard Political Review</a></li> <li><a href="http://tandf.msgfocus.com/c/1hvfnODcSzQYMFaTj2UfqR207">The Arab Spring Revisited </a>Routledge articles published about the Arab Spring in the last year. What are the social impacts of the unrest? How have countries outside of the Middle East responded to the crisis? What are the implications for the region’s military and security?<br /> The latest content relevant to the Arab Spring has been selected for you to view, with the articles chosen spanning our Area Studies and Politics and International Relations portfolios.</li> <li><a href="http://pomeps.org/2012/09/04/arab-uprisings-bibliography-articles/">POMEPS Arab Uprising Bibliography</a></li> <li>“<a href="http://www.hf.uio.no/ikos/forskning/publikasjoner/tidsskrifter/jais/volume/vol17/v17_08_in2016arrays.pdf">Arrays of Egyptian and Tunisian Everyday Worlds</a>. An update on the project ‘In 2016—How it felt to live in the Arab World five years after the “Arab Spring”’. <a href="http://www.hf.uio.no/ikos/forskning/publikasjoner/tidsskrifter/jais/volume/"><em>Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies</em></a> 17 (2017): 455-508 (open access).</li> </ul> </div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-61508803" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-5"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-59146101" class="s-lg-book clearfix"><div class="s-lg-book-props"><span id="s-lg-book-cover-59146101" class="s-lg-book-cover"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="//syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=9783319499253/LC.GIF&client=springshare" class="pull-left s-lg-book-cover-img-0" /></span><span id="s-lg-book-title-59146101" class="s-lg-book-title" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="This book looks with hindsight at the Arab Spring and sheds light on the debates it triggered within North African societies and the alarming developments in women's rights. Although women played a key role in the success of the uprisings that wiped out long ruling oligarchies across the region, they remain excluded from decision-making circles and the formal political and electoral apparatus. Women's rights are written off constitution drafts, and issues of gender equality are hardly addressed. The chapters that compose this volume present research and reflections from different perspectives to help the reader get a better picture of the profound turmoil that beset this part of the so-called "Arab" World. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, the contributors discuss a host of questions related to women and gender in the Arab world and address the broader question of why women's efforts and momentum during the revolution did not seem to pay off the same way they did for men. This book provides an assessment of the situation from the inside. It is intended to help the general public as well as the academic world comprehend the significance of what is going on in this key part of the Islamic World." >North African Women after the Arab Spring</span><span id="s-lg-book-by-59146101" class="s-lg-book-by"> by </span><span id="s-lg-book-author-59146101" class="s-lg-book-author">Larbi Touaf (Editor); Soumia Boutkhil (Editor); Chourouq Nasri (Editor)</span><div class="s-lg-book-prop-isbn">ISBN: 9783319499253</div><div class="s-lg-book-prop-pubdate">Publication Date: 2017-07-20</div></div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138324" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138324"><div id="s-lg-box-25656841-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656841" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Timelines and Maps</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656841" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146106" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline">Arab Spring: an Interactive Timeline of Middle East Protests</a> / By Gary Blight and SheilaPulham, The Guardian, June 8, 2011</li> <li><a href="http://www.mapreport.com/countries/arab_revolution_2011.html">Arab Spring 2011 Timeline</a> / Map Report</li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east.html"><em>Middle East</em> Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - <em>UT Library</em></a></div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=guide%20arab%20spring&source=web&cd=27&ved=0CEIQFjAGOBQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftripline.net%2Ftrip%2FMap_of_the_Arab_Spring_Protests-2173004375451003A9ECA90105EA623D&ei=E0TzTuSVD6Pi0QHb1cDFAg&usg=AFQjCNF5P9Q89fj2bnp3t8FXwV_bTMwslw&cad=rja">Map of the <em>Arab Spring</em> Protests on Tripline</a></div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/2011/02/2011222121213770475.html">The Arab awakening: Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Bahrain: A roundup of the popular protests that have swept the region over the last few months</a>.</div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136699/anthony-billingsley/writing-constitutions-in-the-wake-of-the-arab-spring">Writing Constitutions After the Arab Spring (</a><a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136699/anthony-billingsley/writing-constitutions-in-the-wake-of-the-arab-spring"><em>Foreign Affairs</em>)</a></div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://matadornetwork.com/pulse/arab-spring-map-hitchhikers-guide-middle-east/">The <em>Arab Spring</em> map</a> (Jun 3, 2011) – The "new map" of the Mediterranean/Middle-Eastern region after the <em>Arab Spring</em> as viewed by designer Alphadesigner.</div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.mibazaar.com/meprotests.html">Google Maps/Twitter Mashup</a>Site geolocates tweets in the Middle East</div> </li> <li> <div><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/world/middle-east-year/index.html" type="resource">Infographic: Looking back at Middle East in 2011</a> People frustrated by oppressive government, corrupt leaders and unemployment took to the streets in the Arab world this year. The latest on some of the countries and their governments (The Washington Post, Dec. 2011).</div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138326" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138326"><div id="s-lg-box-25656843-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656843" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Public Opinion</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656843" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146109" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="http://blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/category/tags/arab-spring">Arab Spring.</a> Exploring the interactions among public opinion, governance, and the public sphere / <a href="http://www.ipsos-mori.com/_emails/sri/understandingsociety/summer2011/mobile/no4.html">The World Bank Group </a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ipsos-mori.com/_emails/sri/understandingsociety/summer2011/mobile/no4.html">A year for change: public opinion and the Arab Spring</a> / Ipsos MORI, UK</li> <li><a href="http://www.pewglobal.org/2011/05/17/arab-spring-fails-to-improve-us-image/">Arab Spring Fails to Improve U.S. Image</a><em> / </em>Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project</li> <li><a href="http://www.aaiusa.org/pages/opinion-polls/">The Arab American Institute</a><a href="http://www.aaiusa.org/pages/opinion-polls/"><em>. Opinion</em> Polls</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thedohadebates.com/debates/polling.asp">Research & Polling | The Doha Debates</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.brookings.edu/reports/2011/1121_arab_public_opinion_telhami.aspx" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Brookings: 2011 Arab Public Opinion Poll</a>(Arab public opinion on issues tied to the Arab Spring)</li> </ul> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138327" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138327"><div id="s-lg-box-25656844-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656844" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Audiovisuals</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656844" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146112" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/arab-and-middle-east-protests+content/gallery">Middle East Protests Gallerie </a> (Photos / © 2011 Guardian News and Media)</li> <li><a href="http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/general/2011/04/20114483425914466.html">“The Arab Awakening”</a> As revolution shakes the Arab world, a series of films explore the roots of the uprisings and ask 'what next'? Seven one-‐hour examinations of the Arab Spring, May 14, 2011 <em>on Al Jazeera English.</em></li> <li><a href="http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/empire/2011/04/2011421104111964650.html">“Evolution of Arab Revolutions”</a> Short video segments documenting the role of youth and the media in the Arab Spring, April 22, 2011 on <em>Al Jazeera English</em> [Videos & Transcripts]</li> <li><a href="http://www.npr.org/search/index.php?searchinput=arab+spring">Arab Spring : NPR Search</a></li> <li><a href="http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/12/29/world/middleeast/100000001253159/2011-arab-spring.html">2011: <em>Arab Spring</em> - Video Library - The New York Times</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/16/arab_spring_photos">The <em>Arab Spring's</em> Best Photos - An FP Slideshow | Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/arab-spring-turns-to-arab-winter/2011/12/18/gIQAZXZj7O_gallery.html" type="resource">Arab Spring turns into Arab Winter</a> [Photos] Months of protests have left starkly different pictures in Egypt, Bahrain and Libya.(The Washington Post, Dec. 2011).</li> <li><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/road-to-revolution-a-video-timeline/2011/12/20/gIQA4cIs7O_video.html" type="resource">Road to revolution: A video timeline</a>A protest that starts in a small town in Tunisia sweeps across the Middle East and Arab world. (The Washington Post, Dec. 2011).</li> <li><a href="http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2011/arab.unrest/index.html">Unrest in the Arab World (CNN)</a> When Mohammed Bouazizi, a Tunisian fruit vendor, set himself on fire in December 2010, he also lit the fuse for an uprising that has spread across much of the Arab world. Click on the countries to see the roots of their unrest and where they stand today. </li> <li><a href="http://www.pbs.org/search/?q=Arab%20Spring">Arab Spring (PBS)</a>2011 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)</li> <li><a href="http://www.dohadebates.com/debates/series/?s=7#">The Doha debates</a> (<a href="http://www.dohadebates.com/debates/series/?s=7">Series 7</a>). (<a href="http://www.dohadebates.com/debates/series/?s=8">The Doha Debates</a>. <a href="http://www.dohadebates.com/debates/series/?s=8">Series 8</a>) Discussion, staged by The Doha Debates/This house believes, with an audience of mainly students and young professionals (Debates are chaired by the award-winning former BBC correspondent and interviewer <a href="http://www.dohadebates.com/page.asp?p=3282">Tim Sebastian</a>, who founded them in 2004 and secured their editorial independence. Although the Debates are financed by the <a href="http://www.dohadebates.com/page.asp?p=3284">Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development</a>, no government, official body or broadcaster has any control over what is said at the sessions or who is invited. ). <a href="http://www.dohadebates.com/debates/item/?d=105&s=7&mode=online_poll">Details * Podcast * Transcript * Speakers * Opinion poll * Online voting</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=arab+spring&start=10&hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Bee&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1024&bih=626&prmd=imvns&source=univ&tbm=vid&tbo=u&ei=u60ZT9C-BMLn0QGx39nBCw&ved=0CF0QqwQ4Cg">Videos for arab spring </a>Google</li> <li><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/arab-spring/">Arab Spring : Pictures, Videos, Breaking News</a><cite> huffingtonpost.com</cite> </li> <li><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/countingthecost/2011/10/2011102983819757950.html" title="The financial cost of the Arab Spring - Counting the Cost - Al Jazeera English">The financial cost of the Arab Spring </a><cite>aljazeera.com</cite>Oct 29, 2011 (What are Egypt's prospects for economic recovery, and where is the wider Middle East heading?).</li> <li><a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A&hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Nld&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=daAZT9qdF8TL0QHMtuXXCw&ved=0CHcQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=625">Images <em> ا الربيع العربي-</em>الثورات <em>العربية</em></a></li> <li><a href="http://video.mit.edu/watch/emile-bustani-middle-east-seminar-dr-william-lawrence-the-north-african-arab-spring-days-of-10261/">The North African 'Arab Spring': Days of Rage, Dreams of Trespass </a>/ Emile Bustani Middle East Seminar: Dr. William Lawrence (<em>North Africa</em> Program for International Crisis Group)</li> <li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYPh3AaP8MA&list=PL9B1EE054875EBAF9&index=1&feature=plpp_video">Arab Spring symposium : the Arab Spring, or many Arab Springs?</a> / David Commins. Carlisle Barracks, PA : U.S. Army War College, 2012. 1 streaming video file (ca. 26 min.) : digital, FLV file. Presenter, David Commins. The development known as Arab Spring began with a Tunisian fruit seller’s response to a police officer, setting off protests began that day in Sidi Bouzid, and captured by cell phone cameras and shared on the Internet. The event set off similar uprisings across North Africa and across the Middle East that became known as the "Arab Spring." These events and the lasting effects served as the focus of the Arab Spring Symposium held Jan. 30-31 at the Army War College.</li> <li><a href="http://www.npr.org/series/154369313/revolutionary-road-trip">Revolutionary Road Trip</a>. <strong><em>Revolutionary Road: From Carthage To Cairo. </em></strong>National Public Radio®. June, 2012-</li> <li><a href="http://www.npr.org/2012/06/04/153919877/revolutionary-road-from-carthage-to-cairo">Revolutionary Road: Music From Carthage To Cairo</a> /by Eleanor Kagan. Join NPR's <em>Morning Edition</em> host Steve Inskeep as he travels this month to Tunisia, Libya and Egypt to tell the stories of North Africans one year after the Arab Spring. As Steve makes this journey, NPR Music will feature some of the music he is hearing along his travels — in cafes, clubs and on local radio stations.</li> <li><a href="http://www.brismes.ac.uk/nmes/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/NMES2012Demerdash.pdf">Consuming Revolution: Ethics, Art and Ambivalence in the Arab Spring</a> / Nancy Demerdash. The British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. Volume 2 (2012) "of New Middle Eastern Studies (NMES), the innovative new e-journal run by BRISMES scholars and graduate students"</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138328" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138328"><div id="s-lg-box-25656845-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656845" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Social Media & Networks</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656845" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146115" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.arabdemocracy.info/">Arab Democracy Reference and Live Feeds </a></li> <li><a href="http://twitter.com/#search?q=democracy%20OR%20protest%20OR%20protests%20%20arab%20OR%20algeria%20OR%20bahrain%20OR%20egypt%20OR%20iran%20OR%20iraq%20OR%20jordan%20OR%20libya%20OR%20mauritania%20OR%20oman%20OR%20saudi%20OR%20somalia%20OR%20sudan%20OR%20syria%20OR%20tunisia%20">Arab Democracy Twitter Feed</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.mibazaar.com/meprotests.html">Google Maps/Twitter Mashup</a> Site geolocates tweets in the Middle East</li> <li><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2011/feb/11/guardian-twitter-arab-protests-interactive">Twitter Network of Protests </a><strong>Interactive: </strong> Follow the latest tweets on protests around the Arab world from The Guardian, UK.</li> <li><a href="http://beforeitsnews.com/story/508/003/Arab_Spring_-_The_Ultimate_Social_Media_Guide.html">Arab Spring - The Ultimate Social Media Guide</a> / <em>beforeitsnews.com</em>, "a people-powered news-sharing service."</li> <li><a href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/track_the_hashtag_uprisings.php">Tracking the Middle East's Hashtag Uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="http://pitpi.org/index.php/2011/09/11/opening-closed-regimes-what-was-the-role-of-social-media-during-the-arab-spring/">Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring?</a>© 2011 Project on Information Technology and Political Islam.</li> <li><a href="http://search.twitter.com/search?q=arabspring"><em>arabspring</em> - Twitter Search - home.</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CIMA_SocialMediaintheArabWorld_LeadinguptotheUprisingsof2011.pdf">Social Media in the Arab World: Leading Up to the Uprisings of 2011.</a> A report by Jeffrey Ghannam to the Center for International Media Assistance. (February 3, 2011; 45 pages)</li> <li><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b014l2ck/episodes/guide">How Facebook Changed the World: The <em>Arab Spring</em>--</a><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b014l2ck/episodes/guide">BBC Two - </a></li> <li><a href="http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CIMA_SocialMediaintheArabWorld_LeadinguptotheUprisingsof2011.pdf">Social Media in the Arab World: Leading Up to the Uprisings of 2011.</a> A report by Jeffrey Ghannam to the Center for International Media Assistance. (February 3, 2011; 45 pages)</li> <li>The Arab Spring Tetris <a href="http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/04/30/introducing_arab_spring_tetris" title="Introducing Arab Spring Tetris">Introducing Arab Spring Tetris </a>If you'd like, you can see Arab Spring Tetris as a commentary on how multiple moving parts need to line up in order to wipe away the dictators of years past. (http://blog.foreignpolicy.com)</li> <li><a href="http://socialcapital.wordpress.com/2011/01/26/twitter-facebook-and-youtubes-role-in-tunisia-uprising/">Twitter, Facebook and YouTube's role in <em>Arab Spring</em></a> / Social Capital Blog</li> </ul> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138333" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30138333"><div id="s-lg-box-25656848-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25656848" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Web Archives</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25656848" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59146119" class=" clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.mela.us/2011_Program/MELA_MN-AGsm.pdf">Building the “North Africa & the Middle East 2011” web archive - an international collaboration</a> / Michael Neubert and Abigail Grotke</li> <li><a href="http://www.adf.org.qa/en/arab-revolutions-archive.html">The Arab Democracy Foundation— </a><a href="http://www.adf.org.qa/en/arab-revolutions-archive.html">Arab Revolutions Archive</a> (Doha, Qatar)</li> <li><a href="http://archive-it.org/public/collection.html?id=2349">North Africa & the Middle East 2011</a> / Internet Archive Global Events (Events; Government; Blogs & Social Media)</li> <li><a href="http://www.al-bab.com/default.htm">AL-BAB: an open door to the Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/indepth/middle-east-protests">Arab Spring / Financial Times (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="http://abcnews.go.com/International/guide-dictators-gadhafi-survived-arab-spring/story?id=14781785"><em>Guide</em> to Dictators: With Gadhafi Gone, Who Survived <em>Arab Spring</em></a> ABC News International (October, 2011)</li> <li><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/arab-spring-yields-different-outcomes-in-bahrain-egypt-and-libya/2011/12/15/gIQAY6h57O_story.html?hpid=z2">Arab Spring yields different outcomes in Bahrain, Egypt and Libya</a>Arab Spring gives way to elections in some countries, torture in others (The Washington Post, Dec. 2011).</li> <li><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/arabupheaval" type="resource">Uncharted Revolt: Portraits from Arab Upheaval</a> (The Washington Post).</li> <li><a href="http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2011/womenofthearabspring.asp">Women of the <em>Arab Spring</em> |Ms. Magazine, Spring 2011</a></li> <li><a href="http://hypervocal.com/tag/arab-spring/"><em>Arab Spring</em> | HyperVocal</a></li> <li>Osama bin Laden Documentsdocuments seized from the compound of Osama bin Laden in May 2011 were released May 3, 2012. The documents – provided by the Combating Terrorism Center (CTC), and totalling 175 pages in the original Arabic and 197 pages in the English translation. <a href="http://assets.nationaljournal.com/pdf/OBL8.pdf">Text of Document 8</a>. Bin Laden lays out his views of the Arab Spring. The letter is dated a week before the raid that killed him.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-127" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div> <ul id="s-lg-page-prevnext" class="pager s-lib-hide"><li class="previous"><a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/home"><< <strong>Previous:</strong> Home</a></li><li class="next"><a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring/Tunisia"><strong>Next:</strong> Tunisia >></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="s-lib-footer-public" class="s-lib-footer footer container s-lib-side-borders" role="contentinfo" aria-label="Footer content and links"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-meta" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med clearfix"> <ul id="s-lg-guide-header-attributes" class=""> <li id="s-lg-guide-header-updated" class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Last Updated:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">Aug 9, 2023 10:57 AM</span> </li> <li class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">URL:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">https://guides.library.cornell.edu/arab_spring</span> </li> <li id="s-lg-guide-print-url"> <a href="javascript: window.print();"><span class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true" title="Print Page"></span> Print Page</a> </li> </ul> <div id="s-lib-footer-login-link" class="pull-right pad-right-med"> <a href="https://cornell.libapps.com/libapps/login.php?site_id=45&target64=L2xpYmd1aWRlcy9hZG1pbl9jLnBocD9nPTMxNjg4JnA9MjAwNzQ5">Login to LibApps</a>. </div> </div> <div class="pad-bottom-sm clearfix"> <div id="s-lib-footer-support-link" class="pull-right pad-right-med"></div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-subjects" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med pad-right-med pull-left"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Subjects: </span><span class="s-lg-small bold"><a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/sb.php?subject_id=10347">Government & Public Policy</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/sb.php?subject_id=88068">Middle Eastern Studies</a></span> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-tags" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Tags: </span><span class="s-lg-small bold"><a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=2011+revolution&default_lg=1">2011 revolution</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=arab+awakening&default_lg=1">arab awakening</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=arab+revolutions&default_lg=1">arab revolutions</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=arab+spring&default_lg=1">arab spring</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=bahrain&default_lg=1">bahrain</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=egypt&default_lg=1">egypt</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=jasmine+revolution&default_lg=1">jasmine revolution</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=middle+east+unrest&default_lg=1">middle east unrest</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=olin_subject&default_lg=1">olin_subject</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=printemps+arabe&default_lg=1">printemps arabe</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=syria&default_lg=1">syria</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=tahrir&default_lg=1">tahrir</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=tunisia&default_lg=1">tunisia</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.cornell.edu/srch.php?tag=yemen.+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9%E2%80%8E&default_lg=1">yemen. الثورات العربية‎</a></span> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="s-lib-scroll-top" title="Back to Top"> <span class="fa-stack fa-lg"> <span class="fa fa-square-o fa-stack-2x" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="fa fa-angle-double-up fa-stack-1x" style="position:relative; bottom:2px;" aria-hidden="true"></span> </span> </div>   <div id="s-lib-alert" title="" aria-atomic="true"> <div id="s-lib-alert-content"></div> </div>   <div class="container"> <div style="text-align: center" class="footer" role="contentinfo" aria-labelledby="web-compliance-link"> <strong><a href="https://www.library.cornell.edu/web-accessibility" id="web-compliance-link">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></strong> </div> </div>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5TP60MKH5W"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5TP60MKH5W'); </script></body></html>