Resource-based committed use discounts | Compute Engine Documentation

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groups</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine type families</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-resource" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-resource" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-resource" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine resource guide</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/general-purpose-machines" 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class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GPUs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About GPUs on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GPU machine types</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Regions and zones</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/regions-zones" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/regions-zones" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About regions and zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-regions-zones" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpu-regions-zones" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" 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zone</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review VM deployment options</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/choose-compute-deployment-option" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/choose-compute-deployment-option" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/choose-compute-deployment-option" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a deployment strategy</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/about-vm-tenancy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/about-vm-tenancy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/about-vm-tenancy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About VM tenancy</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/arm-on-compute" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/arm-on-compute" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/arm-on-compute" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Arm VMs on Compute</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/robustsystems" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/robustsystems" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/robustsystems" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Design resilient systems</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/network-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/network-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/network-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Networking overview for VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Images and operating systems</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>OS images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About OS images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/os-details" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/os-details" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Operating system details</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/os-image-lifecycle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/os-image-lifecycle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/os-image-lifecycle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>OS image lifecycle</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/support-maintenance-policy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/support-maintenance-policy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/support-maintenance-policy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Support policy</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Premium operating systems</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/rhel-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>RHEL FAQ</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/sles-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/sles-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/sles-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>SLES FAQ</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Ubuntu Pro FAQ</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft Licensing on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft licenses FAQ</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access control</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access control overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/managing-access-to-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/managing-access-to-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/managing-access-to-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage access to Compute Engine resources</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/access/custom-constraints" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/custom-constraints" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/custom-constraints" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage resources by using custom constraints</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/iam" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/iam" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/iam" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>IAM roles and permissions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/service-accounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/service-accounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/service-accounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Service accounts</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/naming-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/naming-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/naming-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Name resources</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Quickstarts</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Linux VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/create-windows-server-vm-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/create-windows-server-vm-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/create-windows-server-vm-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Windows Server VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/quickstart-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/quickstart-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/quickstart-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a managed instance group</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and start a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/create-enable-service-accounts-for-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/create-enable-service-accounts-for-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/create-enable-service-accounts-for-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM that uses a user-managed service account</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-similar-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-similar-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-similar-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM similar to an existing VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/custom-hostname-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/custom-hostname-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/custom-hostname-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM with a custom hostname</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM with a custom machine type</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-instance-template" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-instance-template" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-instance-template" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM from an instance template</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM that has attached GPUs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-vm-with-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-vm-with-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-vm-with-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Accelerator-optimized VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-accelerator-optimized" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-accelerator-optimized" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-accelerator-optimized" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an accelerator-optimized VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpudirect" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpudirect" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/gpudirect" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an A3 VM with GPUDirect-TCPX enabled</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-general-purpose" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-general-purpose" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-general-purpose" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an N1 VM that has attached GPUs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage Windows Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/creating-sql-server-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/creating-sql-server-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/creating-sql-server-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create SQL Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-rhel-byos-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-rhel-byos-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-rhel-byos-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM using a RHEL BYOS image</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-hpc-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-hpc-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-hpc-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an HPC-ready VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Spot VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Spot VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/spot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/spot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Spot VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and use Spot VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Preemptible VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-unsupported"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/preemptible" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/preemptible" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/preemptible" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About preemptible VMs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="unsupported" data-title="No longer supported" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-unsupported"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-preemptible" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-use-preemptible" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-preemptible" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and use preemptible VMs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="unsupported" data-title="No longer supported" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Specify a minimum CPU platform for a VM</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/building-custom-os" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/building-custom-os" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/building-custom-os" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Requirements to build custom images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/create-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/create-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/create-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/creating-custom-windows-byol-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/creating-custom-windows-byol-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/creating-custom-windows-byol-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom Windows BYOL base images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-os-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-os-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-os-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom Windows Server images</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage instance templates</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About instance templates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates/create-instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates/create-instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates/create-instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create instance templates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates/deterministic-instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates/deterministic-instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates/deterministic-instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deterministic instance templates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates/get-list-delete-instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates/get-list-delete-instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates/get-list-delete-instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get, list, and delete instance templates</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create multiple VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a managed instance group (MIG)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-managed-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-managed-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-managed-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Basic scenarios for creating MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-zonal-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-zonal-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-zonal-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG in a single zone</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/distributing-instances-with-regional-instance-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/distributing-instances-with-regional-instance-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/distributing-instances-with-regional-instance-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG in multiple zones in a region</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-multiple-machine-types" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-multiple-machine-types" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-multiple-machine-types" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with multiple machine types</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-from-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-from-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-from-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG from an existing VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with autoscaling</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-preemptible-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-preemptible-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-preemptible-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with preemptible VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-gpu-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-gpu-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-gpu-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with GPU VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-stateful-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-stateful-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-stateful-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with stateful configuration</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bulk creation of VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/about-bulk-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/multiple/about-bulk-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/about-bulk-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About bulk creation of VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/create-in-bulk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/multiple/create-in-bulk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/create-in-bulk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create VMs in bulk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-bulk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-bulk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-bulk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create GPU VMs in bulk</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create sole-tenant VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sole-tenancy overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/provisioning-sole-tenant-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/provisioning-sole-tenant-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/provisioning-sole-tenant-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Provision a sole-tenant VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-advanced-maintenance-control" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-advanced-maintenance-control" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-advanced-maintenance-control" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advanced maintenance control for sole-tenant nodes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sole-tenancy best practices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-accounting-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-accounting-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-accounting-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sole-tenancy accounting FAQ</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual workstation</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About creating virtual workstations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Linux workstation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Windows workstation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Linux workstation with an attached GPU</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Windows workstation with an attached GPU</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use nested virtualization</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About nested virtualization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/managing-constraint" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/managing-constraint" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/managing-constraint" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage the nested virtualization constraint</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/enabling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/enabling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/enabling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable nested virtualization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/creating-nested-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/creating-nested-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/creating-nested-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create nested VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable virtual displays on a VM</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage VM boot disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/detach-reattach-boot-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/detach-reattach-boot-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/detach-reattach-boot-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Detach and reattach a boot disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-root-persistent-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-root-persistent-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-root-persistent-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a customized boot disk</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a migration path</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/bringing-your-own-licenses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/bringing-your-own-licenses" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/bringing-your-own-licenses" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bring your own licenses</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import disks and images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/requirements-export-import-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/requirements-export-import-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/requirements-export-import-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prerequisites for importing and exporting VM images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automatic import</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/importing-virtual-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/importing-virtual-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/importing-virtual-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import virtual disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/import-ovf-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/import-ovf-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/import-ovf-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import virtual appliances</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/import-aws-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/import-aws-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/import-aws-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import images from AWS</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manual import</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/import-existing-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/import-existing-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/import-existing-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually import boot disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/configuring-imported-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/configuring-imported-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/configuring-imported-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually configure imported disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/creating-an-image-from-an-iso-file" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/creating-an-image-from-an-iso-file" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/creating-an-image-from-an-iso-file" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a persistent disk image from an ISO file</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Move a VM within Google Cloud</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/moving-instance-across-zones" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/moving-instance-across-zones" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/moving-instance-across-zones" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Move a VM between zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/migrating-interfaces-between-networks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/migrating-interfaces-between-networks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/migrating-interfaces-between-networks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate a VM between networks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/copy-vm-between-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/copy-vm-between-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/copy-vm-between-projects" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Copy VMs between projects</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Move an existing VM to a new VM</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About SSH connections</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Linux VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/standard-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/standard-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/standard-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect through internal IP addresses</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connection options for internal-only VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-iap" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-iap" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-iap" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using IAP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-bastion-host" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-bastion-host" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-bastion-host" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using a bastion host</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-vpn" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-vpn" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-vpn" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using Cloud VPN</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/root-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/root-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/root-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect as the root user</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/set-up-service-account-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/set-up-service-account-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/set-up-service-account-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using service accounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/service-account-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/service-account-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/service-account-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure apps to use SSH</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/solutions/connecting-securely" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /solutions/connecting-securely" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/solutions/connecting-securely" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Securely connect to VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using RDP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-sac" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-sac" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-sac" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using the SAC</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/windows-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/windows-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/windows-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using SSH</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/connecting-powershell" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/connecting-powershell" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/connecting-powershell" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using PowerShell</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage access to VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Linux VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/access-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/access-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/access-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose an access management method</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About OS Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/set-up-oslogin" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/set-up-oslogin" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/set-up-oslogin" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up OS Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/security-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/security-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/security-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable security keys with OS Login</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/manage-oslogin-in-an-org" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/manage-oslogin-in-an-org" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/manage-oslogin-in-an-org" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage OS Login in an organization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/view-audit-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/view-audit-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/view-audit-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor OS Login audit logs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/permissions-tutorial" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/permissions-tutorial" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/permissions-tutorial" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure granular access within VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage accounts and credentials on Windows VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/automate-pw-generation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/automate-pw-generation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/automate-pw-generation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automate Windows password generation</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually manage SSH keys</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create SSH keys</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add SSH keys to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/restrict-ssh-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/restrict-ssh-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/restrict-ssh-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restrict SSH keys from VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for securing SSH access</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/network-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/network-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/network-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Control network access</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/login-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/login-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/login-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Control SSH login access</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/credentials" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/credentials" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/credentials" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protect SSH credentials</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/auditing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/auditing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/auditing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Audit SSH access</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tag-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tag-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tag-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage tags for resources</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to or from a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>IP addresses</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Internal DNS</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/internal-dns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/internal-dns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/internal-dns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview of internal DNS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-internal-dns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/using-internal-dns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/using-internal-dns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access VMs using internal DNS names</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/zonal-dns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/zonal-dns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/zonal-dns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use zonal DNS</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-ptr-record" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-ptr-record" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-ptr-record" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a PTR record for a VM</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/verifying-instance-identity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/verifying-instance-identity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/verifying-instance-identity" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Verify VM identity</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage storage</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a storage option</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Hyperdisk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/storage-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/storage-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/storage-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Hyperdisk Storage Pools</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/persistent-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/persistent-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/persistent-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/extreme-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/extreme-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/extreme-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extreme Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/local-ssd" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Local SSD disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure storage pools</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-storage-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-storage-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-storage-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a storage pool</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/manage-storage-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/manage-storage-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/manage-storage-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage storage pools</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add disks to VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/use-storage-pool-capacity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/use-storage-pool-capacity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/use-storage-pool-capacity" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add disks from a storage pool to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/add-local-ssd" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/add-local-ssd" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/add-local-ssd" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM with Local SSD disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/add-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/add-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/add-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a new Hyperdisk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a new Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/sharing-disks-between-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/sharing-disks-between-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/sharing-disks-between-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Share a disk between VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/attach-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/attach-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/attach-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Attach a disk to a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/mount-ram-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/mount-ram-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/mount-ram-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Mount in-memory RAM disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prepare disks for use</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Format and mount a non-boot disk on Linux</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Format and prepare a non-boot disk on Windows</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access disks attached to a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/set-persistent-device-name-in-linux-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/set-persistent-device-name-in-linux-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/set-persistent-device-name-in-linux-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practice: Use persistent device names</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/disk-symlinks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/disk-symlinks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/disk-symlinks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Symbolic links to disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer data to disks attached to a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Encrypt disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/disk-encryption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/disk-encryption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/disk-encryption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About disk encryption</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/customer-supplied-encryption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/customer-supplied-encryption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/customer-supplied-encryption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Encrypt disks with customer-supplied encryption keys</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Help protect resources by using Cloud KMS keys</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/modify-hyperdisks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/modify-hyperdisks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/modify-hyperdisks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify Hyperdisk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/migrate-to-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/migrate-to-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/migrate-to-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change the disk type</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Increase the size of a Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/modify-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/modify-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/modify-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify a Persistent Disk</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Evaluate disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure disks to meet performance requirements</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/review-storage-pool-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/review-storage-pool-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/review-storage-pool-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review storage pool metrics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/review-disk-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/review-disk-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/review-disk-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review disk performance metrics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/analyze-iops-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/analyze-iops-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/analyze-iops-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze provisioned IOPS and throughput</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmark-hyperdisk-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmark-hyperdisk-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmark-hyperdisk-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Hyperdisk performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Persistent Disk performance on a Linux VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Persistent Disk performance on a Windows VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-local-ssd-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-local-ssd-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-local-ssd-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Local SSD performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Make disks highly available</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Persistent Disk Asynchronous Replication</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/about" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/about" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Persistent Disk Asynchronous Replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/configure" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/configure" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/configure" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-replication" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-replication" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-replication" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/failover-failback" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/failover-failback" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/failover-failback" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Failover and failback disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-async-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-async-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-async-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage asynchronous disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-consistency-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-consistency-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-consistency-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage consistency groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review performance metrics</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross-zonal synchronous disk replication</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/about-regional-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/about-regional-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/about-regional-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About synchronous disk replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/high-availability-regional-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/high-availability-regional-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/high-availability-regional-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build high availability services using synchronous disk replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/regional-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/regional-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/regional-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage synchronously replicated disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/repd-failover" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/repd-failover" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/repd-failover" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage failures for synchronous disk replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/design-considerations-for-resilient-workloads-with-regional-persistent-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/design-considerations-for-resilient-workloads-with-regional-persistent-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/design-considerations-for-resilient-workloads-with-regional-persistent-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Design considerations for resilient workloads with replicated disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up and restore</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/data-protection" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/data-protection" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/data-protection" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data protection options</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-machine-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images/create-machine-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-machine-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create machine images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images/import-machine-from-virtual-appliance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images/import-machine-from-virtual-appliance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images/import-machine-from-virtual-appliance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import machine images from virtual appliances</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up a disk in place</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/instant-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/instant-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/instant-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About instant snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-instant-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-instant-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-instant-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage instant snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/convert-instant-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/convert-instant-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/convert-instant-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Copy an instant snapshot to a different location</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up a disk for disaster recovery</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/snapshot-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-settings" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/snapshot-settings" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-settings" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set default storage location using snapshot settings</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create application consistent snapshots</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/creating-linux-application-consistent-pd-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/creating-linux-application-consistent-pd-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/creating-linux-application-consistent-pd-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Linux application consistent snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-persistent-disk-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-persistent-disk-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-persistent-disk-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Windows disk snapshot (VSS snapshots)</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule disk backups</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/about-snapshot-schedules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/about-snapshot-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/about-snapshot-schedules" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About snapshot schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/scheduled-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/scheduled-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/scheduled-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create snapshot schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshot-schedules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshot-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshot-schedules" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage snapshot schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-alert-snapshot-schedule" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-alert-snapshot-schedule" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-alert-snapshot-schedule" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure alerts for snapshot schedules</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/clone-duplicate-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/clone-duplicate-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/clone-duplicate-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Duplicate a disk with clones</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restore from a backup</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-instance-from-machine-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images/create-instance-from-machine-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-instance-from-machine-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create VMs from machine images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/restore-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/restore-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/restore-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restore from a standard snapshot</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/restore-instant-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/restore-instant-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/restore-instant-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restore from an instant snapshot</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/recover-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/recover-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/recover-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Recover a VM with a corrupted or full disk</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Basic operations and lifecycle</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/instance-life-cycle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/instance-life-cycle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/instance-life-cycle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>VM instance lifecycle</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Stop or restart a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/suspend-resume-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/suspend-resume-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/suspend-resume-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Suspend or resume a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule VM operations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/schedule-instance-start-stop" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/schedule-instance-start-stop" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/schedule-instance-start-stop" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule a VM to start and stop</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/limit-vm-runtime" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/limit-vm-runtime" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/limit-vm-runtime" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Limit the run time of a VM</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View VM properties</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/detect-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/detect-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/detect-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Detect if a VM is running in Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/get-list" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/get-list" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/get-list" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get a list of VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-details" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-vm-details" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-details" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get the details of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/get-uuid" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/get-uuid" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/get-uuid" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get the UUID of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-vm-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View the source image of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-references-between-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-references-between-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-references-between-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View referrers to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-ip-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-ip-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-ip-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Locate IP addresses for a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-visible-cores" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-visible-cores" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-visible-cores" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View the number of visible CPU cores</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update VM details</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/rename-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/rename-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/rename-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rename a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/update-instance-properties" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/update-instance-properties" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/update-instance-properties" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update VM properties</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/changing-machine-type-of-stopped-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/changing-machine-type-of-stopped-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/changing-machine-type-of-stopped-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Edit the machine type of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/add-remove-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/add-remove-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/add-remove-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add or remove GPUs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/change-service-account" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/change-service-account" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/change-service-account" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change the attached service account</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update the physical location of a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About placement policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/use-spread-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/use-spread-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/use-spread-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and apply spread placement policies to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View placement policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/manage-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/manage-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/manage-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remove or delete placement policies</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure IP addresses</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-external-ip-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-external-ip-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-external-ip-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure static external IP addresses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-internal-ip-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-internal-ip-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-internal-ip-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure static internal IP addresses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-ipv6-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-ipv6-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-ipv6-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure IPv6 for instances and instance templates</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/deleting-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/deleting-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/deleting-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/preventing-accidental-vm-deletion" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/preventing-accidental-vm-deletion" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/preventing-accidental-vm-deletion" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prevent accidental VM deletion</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/updating-vm-tenancy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/updating-vm-tenancy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/updating-vm-tenancy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update VM tenancy</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage groups of VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/working-with-managed-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/working-with-managed-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/working-with-managed-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with managed VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/getting-info-about-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/getting-info-about-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/getting-info-about-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View info about MIGs and managed instances</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/add-remove-vms-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/add-remove-vms-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/add-remove-vms-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add or remove VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/limit-vm-runtime-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/limit-vm-runtime-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/limit-vm-runtime-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Limit the run time of VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add GPU VMs all at once in a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-resize-requests-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/about-resize-requests-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-resize-requests-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About resize requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-resize-requests-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-resize-requests-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-resize-requests-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create resize requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manage-resize-requests-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/manage-resize-requests-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manage-resize-requests-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View, cancel, or delete resize requests</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure instance flexibility in a MIG</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-instance-flexibility" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/about-instance-flexibility" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-instance-flexibility" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About instance flexibility</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configure-instance-flexibility" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configure-instance-flexibility" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configure-instance-flexibility" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add instance flexibility</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-instance-flexibility-configuration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/view-instance-flexibility-configuration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-instance-flexibility-configuration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View instance flexibility configuration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/change-or-remove-instance-flexibility-configuration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/change-or-remove-instance-flexibility-configuration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/change-or-remove-instance-flexibility-configuration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change or remove instance flexibility</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distribute VMs across zones in a regional MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About regional MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-distribution-shape" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-distribution-shape" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-distribution-shape" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About target distribution shape</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-set-target-distribution-shape" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-set-target-distribution-shape" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-set-target-distribution-shape" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set a target distribution for VMs across zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-enable-disable-proactive-redistribution" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-enable-disable-proactive-redistribution" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-enable-disable-proactive-redistribution" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disable and reenable proactive instance redistribution</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-rebalance-manually" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-rebalance-manually" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-rebalance-manually" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually rebalance a regional MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-simulate-zonal-outage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-simulate-zonal-outage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-simulate-zonal-outage" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Simulate a zone outage for a regional MIG</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with suspended and stopped VMs in a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/suspended-and-stopped-vms-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/suspended-and-stopped-vms-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/suspended-and-stopped-vms-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manually-suspend-or-stop-vms-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/manually-suspend-or-stop-vms-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manually-suspend-or-stop-vms-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually suspend or stop VMs in a MIG</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/accelerate-mig-scale-out-with-standby-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/accelerate-mig-scale-out-with-standby-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/accelerate-mig-scale-out-with-standby-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Accelerate scale out with suspended and stopped VMs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply new VM configurations in a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About applying new VM configurations to VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/rolling-out-updates-to-managed-instance-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/rolling-out-updates-to-managed-instance-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/rolling-out-updates-to-managed-instance-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automatically apply VM configuration updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-selected-instances-in-a-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-selected-instances-in-a-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-selected-instances-in-a-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Selectively apply VM configuration updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/update-on-repair" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/update-on-repair" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/update-on-repair" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply configuration updates during repairs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/set-mig-aic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/set-mig-aic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/set-mig-aic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Override instance template properties with an all-instances configuration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/upgrading-images-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/upgrading-images-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/upgrading-images-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform one-click OS image upgrades</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Maintain high availability during VM failures</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-repair" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/about-repair" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-repair" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About repairing VMs for high availability</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Repair a VM when an application fails</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/autohealing-instances-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/autohealing-instances-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/autohealing-instances-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an application-based health check and autohealing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/monitoring-managed-instance-health-state-changes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/monitoring-managed-instance-health-state-changes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/monitoring-managed-instance-health-state-changes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor VM health state changes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/disabling-and-enabling-health-state-change-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/disabling-and-enabling-health-state-change-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/disabling-and-enabling-health-state-change-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disable and enable health state change logs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/turn-off-vm-repairs-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/turn-off-vm-repairs-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/turn-off-vm-repairs-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Turn off repairs in a MIG</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Support a stateful workload with a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/stateful-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/stateful-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/stateful-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About stateful MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful MIGs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure a stateful MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-disks-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-disks-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-disks-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful persistent disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-metadata-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-metadata-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-metadata-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-ip-addresses-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-ip-addresses-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-ip-addresses-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful IP addresses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/applying-viewing-removing-stateful-config-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/applying-viewing-removing-stateful-config-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/applying-viewing-removing-stateful-config-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply, view, and remove stateful configuration</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/how-stateful-migs-work" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/how-stateful-migs-work" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/how-stateful-migs-work" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How stateful MIGs work</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/preserved-state" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/preserved-state" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/preserved-state" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How operations affect preserved state</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Group VMs together</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/migrate-workload-to-stateful-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/migrate-workload-to-stateful-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/migrate-workload-to-stateful-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate an existing workload to a stateful managed instance group</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-unmanaged-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-unmanaged-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-unmanaged-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Group unmanaged VMs together</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/delete-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/delete-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/delete-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete a MIG</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Host maintenance events</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About host events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/live-migration-process" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/live-migration-process" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/live-migration-process" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Live migration process</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/setting-vm-host-options" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/setting-vm-host-options" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/setting-vm-host-options" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set the host maintenance policy</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/getting-live-migration-notice" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/getting-live-migration-notice" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/getting-live-migration-notice" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Query metadata server for notices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/simulating-host-maintenance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/simulating-host-maintenance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/simulating-host-maintenance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Simulate a host maintenance event</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-host-maintenance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpu-host-maintenance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-host-maintenance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle GPU host maintenance events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/monitor-plan-host-maintenance-event" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/monitor-plan-host-maintenance-event" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/monitor-plan-host-maintenance-event" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor and plan for a host maintenance event</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/trigger-host-maintenance-event" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/trigger-host-maintenance-event" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/trigger-host-maintenance-event" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually start host maintenance</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage metadata</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About VM metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/predefined-metadata-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/predefined-metadata-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/predefined-metadata-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Predefined metadata keys</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/setting-custom-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/setting-custom-metadata" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/setting-custom-metadata" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set and remove custom metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/querying-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/querying-metadata" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/querying-metadata" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and query VM metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/manage-guest-attributes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/manage-guest-attributes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/manage-guest-attributes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set and query guest attributes</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Securing VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/about-shielded-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/about-shielded-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/about-shielded-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Shielded VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/about-confidential-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/about-confidential-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/about-confidential-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Confidential VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/protecting-resources-vpc-service-controls" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/protecting-resources-vpc-service-controls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/protecting-resources-vpc-service-controls" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protect resources with VPC Service Controls</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage operating systems</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Guest environment</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/guest-environment" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/guest-environment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/guest-environment" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About the guest environment</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install the guest environment</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/vm-manager" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/vm-manager" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/vm-manager" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage operating systems using VM Manager</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage OS images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/image-management-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/image-management-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/image-management-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Image management best practices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/image-families-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/image-families-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/image-families-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Image families best practices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/access-rhel-knowledgebase" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/access-rhel-knowledgebase" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/access-rhel-knowledgebase" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access Red Hat Knowledgebase</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/managing-access-custom-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/managing-access-custom-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/managing-access-custom-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage access to custom images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/restricting-image-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/restricting-image-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/restricting-image-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up trusted image policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/export-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/export-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/export-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export a custom image to Cloud Storage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/set-version-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/set-version-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/set-version-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set image versions in an image family</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/deprecate-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/deprecate-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/deprecate-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deprecate a custom image</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/delete-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/delete-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/delete-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete a custom image</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/artifact-registry-os-packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/artifact-registry-os-packages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/artifact-registry-os-packages" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage OS packages</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage licenses</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/licenses/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/licenses/about" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/licenses/about" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About licenses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/licenses/view-append" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/licenses/view-append" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/licenses/view-append" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and append licenses</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel/appending-els-licenses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/rhel/appending-els-licenses" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel/appending-els-licenses" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Append RHEL ELS licenses</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro/upgrade-from-ubuntu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro/upgrade-from-ubuntu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro/upgrade-from-ubuntu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upgrade from Ubuntu to Ubuntu Pro</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use startup scripts</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Startup scripts overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use startup scripts on Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use startup scripts on Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/shutdownscript" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/shutdownscript" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/shutdownscript" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run shutdown scripts</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configure-ntp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configure-ntp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configure-ntp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure NTP</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/enabling-virtio-rng" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/enabling-virtio-rng" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/enabling-virtio-rng" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable the virtual random number generator (Virtio RNG)</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy workloads</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up authentication for workloads</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/app-authentication-methods" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/app-authentication-methods" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/app-authentication-methods" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a workload authentication method</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authenticate workloads to Google Cloud API using service accounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads-over-mtls" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads-over-mtls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads-over-mtls" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authenticate workloads to other workloads over mTLS</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web servers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-apache" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-apache" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-apache" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy an Apache server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-iis" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-iis" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-iis" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy an IIS server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/terraform/get-started-with-terraform" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/terraform/get-started-with-terraform" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/terraform/get-started-with-terraform" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy a Flask server by using Terraform</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Applications</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/getting-started?walkthrough_tutorial_id=compute_quickstart" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://console.cloud.google.com/getting-started?walkthrough_tutorial_id=compute_quickstart" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://console.cloud.google.com/getting-started?walkthrough_tutorial_id=compute_quickstart" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Interactive: Build a to-do app with MongoDB</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/deploy-aspnet-app" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/deploy-aspnet-app" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/deploy-aspnet-app" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy an ASP.NET application</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/joomla-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/joomla-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/joomla-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up Joomla</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-lamp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-lamp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-lamp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up LAMP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/build/docs/deploying-builds/deploy-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /build/docs/deploying-builds/deploy-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/build/docs/deploying-builds/deploy-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform blue/green deployments using Cloud Build</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email from a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About sending email</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-sendgrid" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-sendgrid" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-sendgrid" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email with SendGrid</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailgun" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailgun" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailgun" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email with Mailgun</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailjet" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailjet" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailjet" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email with Mailjet</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Databases</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>MySQL</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/setup-mysql" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/setup-mysql" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/setup-mysql" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up MySQL on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/mysql-remote-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/mysql-remote-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/mysql-remote-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up client access with a private IP address</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-mysql-database-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-mysql-database-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-mysql-database-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloning a MySQL database on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-highly-available-mysql-cluster-with-drbd-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-highly-available-mysql-cluster-with-drbd-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-highly-available-mysql-cluster-with-drbd-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploying a highly available MySQL 5.6 cluster with DRBD on Compute Engine</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>PostgreSQL</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up PostgreSQL on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-data-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-data-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-data-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a PostgreSQL data disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-hot-standby" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-hot-standby" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-hot-standby" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up PostgreSQL with hot standby</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>SQL Server</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for SQL Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-high-performance-sql-server-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/creating-high-performance-sql-server-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-high-performance-sql-server-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a high-performance SQL Server VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license-to-linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license-to-linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license-to-linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add a SQL Server license to an existing Linux server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add a SQL Server license to an existing Windows server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-sql-server-instance-using-netapp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/creating-sql-server-instance-using-netapp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-sql-server-instance-using-netapp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure SQL Server on Google Cloud Platform using Cloud Volumes Service</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-availability" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-availability" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-availability" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up AlwaysOn availability groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a failover cluster VM that uses S2D</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance-pd-multi-writer" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance-pd-multi-writer" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance-pd-multi-writer" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a failover cluster VM with multi-writer persistent disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-linux-pacemaker" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-linux-pacemaker" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-linux-pacemaker" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a SQL Server cluster on Linux with Alaways On availability groups and Pacemaker</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-microsoft-sql-server-database-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-microsoft-sql-server-database-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-microsoft-sql-server-database-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloning a Microsoft SQL Server database on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/load-testing-sql-server-hammerdb" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/load-testing-sql-server-hammerdb" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/load-testing-sql-server-hammerdb" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Load test SQL Server using HammerDB</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/disaster-recovery-for-microsoft-sql-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/disaster-recovery-for-microsoft-sql-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/disaster-recovery-for-microsoft-sql-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disaster recovery for Microsoft SQL Server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/dr-for-microsoft-sql-server-with-async-pd" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/dr-for-microsoft-sql-server-with-async-pd" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/dr-for-microsoft-sql-server-with-async-pd" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disaster recovery for Microsoft SQL Server with Async PD</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-microsoft-sql-server-multi-regional-disaster-recovery" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-microsoft-sql-server-multi-regional-disaster-recovery" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-microsoft-sql-server-multi-regional-disaster-recovery" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploying Microsoft SQL Server for multi-regional disaster recovery</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Redis</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/redis/deployment-options" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/redis/deployment-options" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/redis/deployment-options" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deployment Options for Redis on Google Cloud </span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Containers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/containers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/containers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Containers on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/containers/deploying-containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/containers/deploying-containers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/containers/deploying-containers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy containers on VMs and managed instance groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/containers/configuring-options-to-run-containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/containers/configuring-options-to-run-containers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/containers/configuring-options-to-run-containers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure options to run your container</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft Windows</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows workloads</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/windows-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/windows-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/windows-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for Windows Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/setup-active-directory" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/setup-active-directory" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/setup-active-directory" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Setting up Active Directory</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for running Active Directory on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-sharepoint-server-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-sharepoint-server-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-sharepoint-server-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy Microsoft SharePoint Server on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-exchange-server-2016-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-exchange-server-2016-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-exchange-server-2016-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploying Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows Server</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/performing-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform an in-place upgrade of Windows Server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-an-automated-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/performing-an-automated-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-an-automated-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform an automated in-place upgrade of Windows Server</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/running-windows-server-failover-clustering" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/running-windows-server-failover-clustering" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/running-windows-server-failover-clustering" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run Windows Server failover clustering</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Others</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Load testing</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/distributed-load-testing-using-gke" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/distributed-load-testing-using-gke" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/distributed-load-testing-using-gke" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distributed load testing using Kubernetes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/ssh-port-forwarding-set-up-load-testing-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/ssh-port-forwarding-set-up-load-testing-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/ssh-port-forwarding-set-up-load-testing-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>SSH port forwarding and load testing</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analytics</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/monte-carlo-methods-with-hadoop-spark" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/monte-carlo-methods-with-hadoop-spark" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/monte-carlo-methods-with-hadoop-spark" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monte Carlo methods using Apache Spark</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine learning</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/ml-inference-t4" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/ml-inference-t4" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/ml-inference-t4" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run TensorFlow inference workloads with TensorRT5 and NVIDIA T4 GPU</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor logs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/audit-logging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/audit-logging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/audit-logging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View audit logs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/usage-export" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/usage-export" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/usage-export" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View usage reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-compute-operations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/viewing-compute-operations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-compute-operations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View Compute Engine operations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/migrating-from-activity-logs-to-audit-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/migrating-from-activity-logs-to-audit-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/migrating-from-activity-logs-to-audit-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate from activity logs to audit logs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-deprecated"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/activity-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/activity-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/activity-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View activity logs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="deprecated" data-title="Deprecated" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor resources</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/determining-server-usage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/determining-server-usage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/determining-server-usage" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor VM and sole-tenant node usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/observe-monitor-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/observe-monitor-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/observe-monitor-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Observe and monitor VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor GPU performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor GPU performance on Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor GPU performance on Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/monitor-regional-persistent-disk-replica-state" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/monitor-regional-persistent-disk-replica-state" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/monitor-regional-persistent-disk-replica-state" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor the replica states of regional persistent disk volumes</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-monitor" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-monitor" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-monitor" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor reservations</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/labeling-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/labeling-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/labeling-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Organize resources using labels</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Autoscale groups of VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About autoscaling groups of VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage autoscalers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on CPU utilization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/predictive-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/predictive-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/predictive-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on predictions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-load-balancing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-load-balancing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-load-balancing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on load balancing serving capacity</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cloud-monitoring-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cloud-monitoring-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cloud-monitoring-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on Monitoring metrics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-schedules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-schedules" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/multiple-signals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/multiple-signals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/multiple-signals" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use an autoscaling policy with multiple signals</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/managing-autoscalers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/managing-autoscalers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/managing-autoscalers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage autoscalers</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/understanding-autoscaler-decisions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/understanding-autoscaler-decisions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/understanding-autoscaler-decisions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand autoscaler decisions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/viewing-autoscaler-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/viewing-autoscaler-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/viewing-autoscaler-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View autoscaler logs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/autoscaling-node-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/autoscaling-node-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/autoscaling-node-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Autoscale node groups</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reserve VM capacity</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reservations on demand</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-single-project" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-single-project" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-single-project" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a reservation for a single project</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-shared" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-shared" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-shared" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a shared reservation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Combine reservations with committed use discounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-view" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-view" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-view" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View your reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-consume" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-consume" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-consume" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Consume reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-modify" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-modify" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-modify" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-delete" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-delete" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-delete" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete reservations</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Future reservations</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/future-reservations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/future-reservations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/future-reservations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About future reservations requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-single-project-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-single-project-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-single-project-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create single-project future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-shared-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-shared-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-shared-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create shared future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/modify-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/modify-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/modify-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/delete-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/delete-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/delete-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cancel or delete future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View future reservation requests</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Load balancing</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/load-balancing-and-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/load-balancing-and-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/load-balancing-and-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About load balancing and scaling</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/adding-an-instance-group-to-a-load-balancer" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/adding-an-instance-group-to-a-load-balancer" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/adding-an-instance-group-to-a-load-balancer" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add an instance group to a load balancer</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/load-balancing/docs/https/setting-up-https" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /load-balancing/docs/https/setting-up-https" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/load-balancing/docs/https/setting-up-https" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Request routing to a multi-region external HTTPS load balancer</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/http-load-balancing-iis" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/http-load-balancing-iis" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/http-load-balancing-iis" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross-region load balancing for Microsoft IIS backends</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/load-balancing/docs/internal/setting-up-internal" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /load-balancing/docs/internal/setting-up-internal" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/load-balancing/docs/internal/setting-up-internal" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancing</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build reliable and scalable applications</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-autohealing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-autohealing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-autohealing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use autohealing for highly available applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-load-balancing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-load-balancing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-load-balancing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use load balancing for highly available applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-scalability-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-scalability-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-scalability-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use autoscaling for highly scalable applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/globally-autoscaling-a-web-service-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/globally-autoscaling-a-web-service-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/globally-autoscaling-a-web-service-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Globally autoscale a web service on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/scalable-and-resilient-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/scalable-and-resilient-apps" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/scalable-and-resilient-apps" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Patterns for scalable and resilient applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/patterns-for-floating-ip-addresses-in-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/patterns-for-floating-ip-addresses-in-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/patterns-for-floating-ip-addresses-in-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Patterns for using floating IP addresses on Compute Engine</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Resource utilization</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use recommendations to manage resources</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/apply-machine-type-recommendations-for-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/apply-machine-type-recommendations-for-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/apply-machine-type-recommendations-for-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply machine type recommendations to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/apply-machine-type-recommendations-managed-instance-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/apply-machine-type-recommendations-managed-instance-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/apply-machine-type-recommendations-managed-instance-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply machine type recommendations to MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/viewing-and-applying-idle-resources-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/viewing-and-applying-idle-resources-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/viewing-and-applying-idle-resources-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply idle resources recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-understand-vm-insights" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-and-understand-vm-insights" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-understand-vm-insights" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and understand VM insights</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-and-understand-mig-insights" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/view-and-understand-mig-insights" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-and-understand-mig-insights" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and understand MIG insights</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage idle VM recommendations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/idle-vm-recommendations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/idle-vm-recommendations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/idle-vm-recommendations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Idle VM recommendations overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-and-applying-idle-vm-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/viewing-and-applying-idle-vm-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-and-applying-idle-vm-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply idle VM recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configuring-idle-vm-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configuring-idle-vm-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configuring-idle-vm-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure idle VM recommendations</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage reservation recommendations</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservation-recommendations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservation-recommendations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservation-recommendations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reservation recommendations overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-idle-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-idle-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-idle-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply idle reservation recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply underutilized reservation recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configure-idle-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configure-idle-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configure-idle-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure idle reservation recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configure-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configure-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configure-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure underutilized reservation recommendations</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/overcommitting-cpus-sole-tenant-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/overcommitting-cpus-sole-tenant-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/overcommitting-cpus-sole-tenant-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overcommit CPUs on sole-tenant VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manual live migration</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/about-manual-live-migration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/about-manual-live-migration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/about-manual-live-migration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About manual live migration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/manually-live-migrate" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/manually-live-migrate" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/manually-live-migrate" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually live migrate VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/share-node-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/share-node-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/share-node-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Share sole-tenant node groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Next generation dynamic resource management</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cost savings</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get discounts for committed usage</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About commitments and committed use discounts (CUDs)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Resource-based CUDs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage resource-based commitments</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Renew commitments automatically</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend the term length of commitments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Merge and split commitments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upgrade the term of commitments</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get discounts for sustained usage</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/optimize-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/optimize-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/optimize-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Hyperdisk performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-pd-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/optimizing-pd-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-pd-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Persistent Disk performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-local-ssd-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/optimizing-local-ssd-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-local-ssd-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Local SSD performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Workload performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/set-threads-per-core" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/set-threads-per-core" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/set-threads-per-core" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set the number of threads per core</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize the number of visible CPU cores</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze the CPU performance using the PMU</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/pmu-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/pmu-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/pmu-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>PMU overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/enable-pmu-in-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/enable-pmu-in-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/enable-pmu-in-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable the PMU in VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/manage-pmu-in-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/manage-pmu-in-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/manage-pmu-in-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage the PMU in VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Accelerated workloads with GPUs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GPUs on Compute Engine</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/about-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/about-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/about-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About GPUs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install drivers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/install-drivers-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/install-drivers-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/install-drivers-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install GPU drivers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/install-grid-drivers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/install-grid-drivers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/install-grid-drivers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install drivers for NVIDIA RTX Virtual Workstations (vWS)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/grid-drivers-table" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/grid-drivers-table" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/grid-drivers-table" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Drivers for NVIDIA RTX Virtual Workstations (vWS)</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/network-bandwidth" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network bandwidth</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Google Virtual NIC</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-idpf" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/using-idpf" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/using-idpf" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use IDPF network interface</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure a VM with higher bandwidth</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/use-compact-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/use-compact-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/use-compact-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce latency by using compact placement policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/tcp-optimization-for-network-performance-in-gcp-and-hybrid" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/tcp-optimization-for-network-performance-in-gcp-and-hybrid" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/tcp-optimization-for-network-performance-in-gcp-and-hybrid" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize TCP network performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/benchmarking-higher-bandwidth-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/benchmarking-higher-bandwidth-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/benchmarking-higher-bandwidth-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark higher bandwidth VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/load-balancing/optimize-app-latency" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/load-balancing/optimize-app-latency" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/load-balancing/optimize-app-latency" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize app latency with load balancing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/use-dpdk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/use-dpdk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/use-dpdk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use DPDK to improve network performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network performance and GPU VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-network-bandwidth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpu-network-bandwidth" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-network-bandwidth" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network bandwidths and GPUs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/optimize-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/optimize-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/optimize-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use higher network bandwidth</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/general-tips" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/general-tips" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/general-tips" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>General tips</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot connectivity</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-rdp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-rdp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-rdp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot RDP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh-errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh-errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh-errors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot SSH</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-os-login" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-os-login" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-os-login" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot OS Login</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM operations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-vm-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-vm-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-vm-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM creation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-resource-availability" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-resource-availability" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-resource-availability" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot resource availability errors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-bulk-vm-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-bulk-vm-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-bulk-vm-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot bulk API VM creation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reboots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reboots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reboots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM reboots and shutdowns</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suspend-resume" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suspend-resume" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suspend-resume" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM suspension</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot unresponsive VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/vm-startup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/vm-startup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/vm-startup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM startup</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/fstab-errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/fstab-errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/fstab-errors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot fstab errors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/kernel-panic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/kernel-panic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/kernel-panic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot kernel panic</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-diagnostic-information" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-diagnostic-information" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-diagnostic-information" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Collecting diagnostic information</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-core-dumps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-core-dumps" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-core-dumps" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Collecting core dumps</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/rescue-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/rescue-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/rescue-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rescue an inaccessible VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-cpu-soft-lockup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-cpu-soft-lockup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-cpu-soft-lockup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot CPU soft lockups</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM configurations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-arm-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-arm-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-arm-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot Arm VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot GPU VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nested-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nested-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nested-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot nested virtualization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/capturing-vm-screenshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/capturing-vm-screenshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/capturing-vm-screenshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot using VM screenshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sole-tenancy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sole-tenancy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sole-tenancy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot sole-tenant nodes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM performance issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sudoers-file" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sudoers-file" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sudoers-file" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot sudoers files</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot Windows VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot using the serial console</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-using-serial-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-using-serial-console" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-using-serial-console" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot using the serial console</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/viewing-serial-port-output" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/viewing-serial-port-output" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/viewing-serial-port-output" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Viewing serial port output</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot instance groups</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot managed instance groups (MIGs)</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot OS management</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/import-migrate" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/import-migrate" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/import-migrate" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot licenses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-import-export-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-import-export-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-import-export-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot image import and export</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suse-registration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suse-registration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suse-registration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting SLES pay-as-you-go registration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ubuntu-pro-registration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ubuntu-pro-registration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ubuntu-pro-registration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting Ubuntu Pro Registration</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot metadata server</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-metadata-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-metadata-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-metadata-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot metadata server</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot networking issues</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-networking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-networking" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-networking" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot common networking issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/gvnic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/gvnic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/gvnic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot gVNIC</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM performance issues</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot storage</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li 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class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-instant-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-instant-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-instant-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot instant snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot standard snapshots</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservations and commitments</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservation creation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-consumption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-consumption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-consumption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservation consumption</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting reservation monitoring</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-updates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-updates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-updates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservation updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot future reservation creation and updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/automatic-commitment-renewal" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/automatic-commitment-renewal" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/automatic-commitment-renewal" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot automatic commitment renewal</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot workload authentication</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-default-service-accounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-default-service-accounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-default-service-accounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot default service accounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workload-to-workload-auth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workload-to-workload-auth" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workload-to-workload-auth" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot workload to workload authentication</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Technology areas" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/ai-ml" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AI and ML" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > AI and ML </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/application-development" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Application development" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" 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project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Resource-based committed use discounts </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <hr class="cloud-divider"> Compute Engine provides resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs) for your predictable workloads to help you cut costs on resources that you need. You can purchase and renew resource-based committed use contracts or commitments in return for heavily discounted prices for VM usage.</p> <p>This document provides information about resource-based commitments, how to purchase them, and the resulting CUDs.</p> <p>To learn about spend-based CUDs for Compute Engine, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#spend_based">Compute flexible CUDs</a>.</p> <p>Resource-based commitments are ideal for predictable and steady state usage. These commitments require no upfront costs. Compute Engine lets you purchase the following categories of <a href="/docs/cuds#resource_based_commitments">resource-based commitments</a>:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hardware commitments</strong>: You can purchase hardware commitments for a specific <a href="/compute/docs/machine-resource#vm_terminology">machine series</a> and commit to resources available for that machine series, such as vCPUs, memory, GPUs, Local SSD disks, and sole tenant nodes. For more information, see <a href="#purchasecommitment">Purchase commitments without attached reservations</a> and <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</a>.</li> <li><strong>Software license commitments</strong>: You can purchase license commitments for applicable premium operating system (OS) licenses. For more information, see <a href="#purchaselicensecommitment">Purchase commitments for licenses</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Commitments for hardware resources are separate from commitments for licenses. You can purchase both categories of commitments for a VM instance, but you cannot purchase a single commitment that covers both hardware resources and licenses.</p> <h2 id="byb" data-text="Before you begin" tabindex="-1">Before you begin</h2> <ul> <li> If you haven't already, then set up authentication. <a href="/compute/docs/authentication">Authentication</a> is the process by which your identity is verified for access to Google Cloud services and APIs. To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:<br/> <p>Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 id="console" data-text="Console" tabindex="-1">Console</h3> <p> When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication. </p> </section> <section> <h3 id="gcloud" data-text="gcloud" tabindex="-1">gcloud</h3> <ol><li> <p> <a href="/sdk/docs/install" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">Install</a> the Google Cloud CLI, then <a href="/sdk/docs/initializing" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">initialize</a> it by running the following command: </p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud init</pre> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud components update</code>. </aside> </li><li><a href="/compute/docs/gcloud-compute#set_default_zone_and_region_in_your_local_client"> Set a default region and zone</a>.</li></ol> </section> <section> <h3 id="rest" data-text="REST" tabindex="-1">REST</h3> <p> To use the REST API samples on this page in a local development environment, you use the credentials you provide to the gcloud CLI. </p> <ol> <p> <a href="/sdk/docs/install" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">Install</a> the Google Cloud CLI, then <a href="/sdk/docs/initializing" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">initialize</a> it by running the following command: </p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud init</pre> </ol> <p> For more information, see <a href="/docs/authentication/rest">Authenticate for using REST</a> in the Google Cloud authentication documentation. </p> </section> </div> </li> </ul> <h2 id="how_committed_use_discounts_work" data-text="How committed use discounts work" tabindex="-1">How committed use discounts work</h2> <p>When you purchase a committed use contract, you purchase Compute Engine resources—such as vCPUs, memory, GPUs, Local SSD disks, and sole-tenant nodes—at a discounted price in return for committing to paying for those resources for 1 year or 3 years. The discount is up to 55% for most resources like machine types or GPUs. The discount is up to 70% for memory-optimized machine types. For committed use prices for different machine types, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#general-purpose_machine_type_family">VM instances pricing</a>.</p> <p>During your commitment's term, you automatically start receiving CUDs on eligible resource usage in your project that matches the resource types, machine type, and region specified in your commitment. You continue to receive these CUDs for your eligible resource usage until your commitment expires.</p> <p> Compute Engine <a href="/resource-manager/docs/project-liens"> maintains a lien on your project</a> for each region in your project where you purchase a commitment. When you purchase a new commitment for any region in your project, Compute Engine associates the lien for that region with the newly created commitment. </p> <p>You can't cancel a commitment after you purchase it. Your commitment expires at the end of its specified term duration of 1 or 3 years. However, you can enable <a href="/compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically">auto-renewal</a> on your commitment to ensure that it automatically renews for a new term.</p> <h3 id="commitment_status" data-text="Commitment status" tabindex="-1">Commitment status</h3> <p>Your commitment can have one of the following statuses:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CREATING</code>: the commitment is being created.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PENDING</code>: the commitment has been created but is not yet active. Compute Engine creates your commitments with this status.</p> <ul> <li>If you're using the Google Cloud CLI or the REST API to purchase your commitment, then this status value shows as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code>.</li> <li>If you're using the Google Cloud console to purchase your commitment, then this status value shows as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PENDING</code>.</li> </ul></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code>: the commitment is active.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">EXPIRED</code>: the commitment has expired. Compute Engine reserves the right to remove expired commitments that are older than 210 days from the expiration date.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CANCELED</code>: Compute Engine canceled the commitment. Compute Engine changes the status of your commitments to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">CANCELED</code> when you combine them to create a new <a href="/compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments">merged commitment</a>.</p></li> </ul> <p> Between the time of your commitment purchase and its activation time, the status of your commitment remains as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code> (or as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PENDING</code> on the Google Cloud console). After activation, the status of your commitment changes to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code>. For example, suppose you purchase your commitment on January 20th at 10:00 PM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). Compute Engine creates your commitment immediately with its status as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code>. However, your commitment becomes <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code> only on January 21st at 12:00 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). </p> <h2 id="hardware_commitments" data-text="Hardware commitments" tabindex="-1">Hardware commitments</h2> <p>Hardware commitments apply only to the specific region and machine family series for which you purchase. In return, you receive discounts on the aggregate prices of all the eligible hardware resources for that machine series within that region. These hardware resources include vCPUs, memory, GPUs, and Local SSD disks.</p> <p>Purchasing a commitment doesn't affect your VM configurations. Your CUDs apply to the aggregate number of vCPUs, memory, GPUs, and Local SSD disks of a specific machine series within a region. Consequently, the CUDs that you receive for a commitment are not affected by changes to your VM's machine setup, as long as the resources are covered by that commitment.</p> <p>When you purchase a commitment for a specific machine series, you are eligible for CUDs on all VM machine types regardless of the VM size or tenancy model, including all predefined and custom machine types and sole-tenant nodes. For more information about the eligible resource types for each machine series, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts#hardware_commitment_types">Hardware commitment types</a>.</p> <h3 id="efficient_usage_of_your_commitments" data-text="Efficient usage of your commitments" tabindex="-1">Efficient usage of your commitments</h3> <p>If you have just a few projects, you can purchase commitments just for the specific resources you plan to use. For example, if you purchase a commitment for 8 cores, and you run 24 cores during the month, you will receive committed use discounts for 8 cores. The other 16 cores will be billed at standard, non-committed use rates. Keep in mind that after you purchase a set amount of commitments, you're billed for those commitments monthly, even if you don't use them. For example, if you purchase commitments for 8 cores, you're billed the committed use rates for those 8 cores for the whole month, even if you might have only run these cores for a part of the month. It is to your advantage to purchase commitments only in increments you know you will use.</p> <p>Commitments can't be stacked for burst scenarios. For example, if you purchased 10 cores for a month and then ran 20 cores for half the month, your commitments won't apply for the full 20 cores just because their usage was across only half the month.</p> <h3 id="usage_overage" data-text="Usage overage" tabindex="-1">Usage overage</h3> <p>Any hourly resource usage that is not covered by your commitments is charged based on the on-demand rates and might be eligible for applicable <a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts">sustained use discounts (SUDs)</a>. For example, consider a commitment for 2 vCPUs and 8 GB memory that belong to the N2 machine series. Suppose that you use this commitment to purchase and run an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-2</code> (2 vCPUs and 8 GB memory) VM for a portion of the month and then run an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-8</code> (8 vCPUs and 32 GB memory) VM for the remainder of the same month. In this scenario, Compute Engine combines the usage across both VMs and automatically applies the applicable SUDs to any resource usage that isn't covered by your commitment.</p> <h2 id="combine_reservations_with_commitments" data-text="Combine reservations with commitments" tabindex="-1">Combine reservations with commitments</h2> <p>A commitment provides a 1- or 3-year discounted price agreement, but it does not reserve capacity in a specific zone. A reservation ensures that capacity is held in a specific zone even if the reserved VMs are not running. To get zonal resources at discounted prices and also ensure that capacity is reserved for them, you must both purchase commitments and create reservations for those zonal resources.</p> <p>You can also attach reservations to your resource-based commitments to ensure that the reservations are specific to those commitments. When you commit to GPU or Local SSD resources, you must also reserve those resources and attach those reservations to your commitment.</p> <p>For more information, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments">Combine reservations with committed use discounts</a>.</p> <h2 id="share-committed-use-discounts-across-projects" data-text="Share committed use discounts across projects" tabindex="-1">Share committed use discounts across projects</h2> <p>By default, committed use discounts apply at the project level and you receive the applicable committed use discounts only for the project in which you purchase the commitment. If you move the project for which you purchased your commitment to a different Cloud Billing account, then you continue to receive the applicable committed use discounts for that project under the new Cloud Billing account.</p> <p>However, Compute Engine lets you share discounts for hardware commitments across multiple projects that share the same Cloud Billing account. Sharing your committed use discounts for hardware commitments across all your projects reduces the overhead of managing discounts on a per-project basis, and maximizes your savings by pooling all your discounts across your projects' resource usage.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Software license commitments are scoped to the project that you purchase them for. You can't share the discount for software license commitments.</span></aside> <p>If you have multiple projects that share the same Cloud Billing account, you can <a href="#turning_on_committed_use_discount_sharing" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">enable committed use discount sharing</a> so all of your projects within that Cloud Billing account share all of your committed use discount contracts.</p> <p>For example, you purchase two commitments for 80 cores each (a total of 160 cores) and you run 200 cores during the month across different projects in your Cloud Billing account. If you've enabled committed use discount sharing for your Cloud Billing account, then you receive the applicable committed use discounts for 160 of those 200 cores that are used across the projects in that Cloud Billing account. The additional 40 cores are billed at on-demand, non-committed use rates. After you purchase your commitments, you're billed for your committed resources monthly, throughout the commitment time period, even if you don't use the resources. See <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/cud-analysis-resource-based#understanding_discount_sharing" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Understand discount sharing</a> for cost-saving utilization recommendations.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Committed use discounts are credited to custom machine types before predefined machine types. There is a surcharge for custom machine types. The discount will be spread proportionally across all projects under the same Cloud Billing account. See <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/cud-analysis-resource-based#attribution_when_using_custom_machine_type_skus" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Attribution when using custom machine type SKUs</a> for additional information.</span></aside> <p>Committed use discounts are subject to Google Cloud <a href="/terms/service-terms#20-cloud-platform-commitment-based-pricing-and-billing">commitment-based pricing and billing</a>. By purchasing a committed use discount, you agree to these terms.</p> <h3 id="attribution" data-text="Use attribution to allocate discounts" tabindex="-1">Use attribution to allocate discounts</h3> <p>Attribution refers to how your committed use discounts are allocated across your projects. These allocations are reflected in Cloud Billing cost management interfaces, such as the <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#view-attribution-in-exported-data" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">usage cost export</a> or the <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#view-attribution-in-reports" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Google Cloud console</a>.</p> <p>Attribution applies only when discount sharing is enabled. You can choose the type of attribution you want to use before you turn on discount sharing, and then activate the attribution configuration when you enable discount sharing.</p> <p>Compute Engine commitments use <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#type-proportional%22" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">proportional attribution</a> by default. Proportional attribution commitments are applied to the projects according to the amount of the total eligible usage consumed by each project. For example, if project A consumed $75 worth of usage and project B consumed $25, project A would be covered by up to 75% of available credit and project B would be covered by up to 25%.</p> <p>Alternatively, you can choose <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#type-prioritized%22" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">prioritized attribution</a> for your Compute Engine commitments based on the usage you specify. Any remaining unprioritized commitments are applied proportionally to the eligible usage in your remaining projects. The total amount of the allotments cannot exceed the commitment amount purchased.</p> <aside class="preview"><strong>Preview:</strong><span> You can prioritize attribution for multiple projects by grouping projects in a folder. Credits are applied proportionally across the projects in the folder. To request access to prioritized attribution by folders, <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfsfMCzLzRHbawuk7PSQOxJEx2U8j_9daP_faomqv5VBA5UXg/viewform?resourcekey=0-_PZOCbJeTc_6NiR2_8GlgA" target="external" track-type="article" track-name="externalLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">complete the interest form</a>.</span></aside> <p>To choose proportional or prioritized attribution for your Compute Engine commitments, see <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#choose-attribution-resource-based%22" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">choose attribution for resource-based commitments</a>.</p> <h2 id="specifications" data-text="Specifications" tabindex="-1">Specifications</h2> <ul> <li><p>You can only purchase resource-based commitments for resources in a specific region if you have quota available in that region for both of the following:</p> <ul> <li>Commitments</li> <li>Committed resources (with the exception of memory)</li> </ul> <p>For more information, see <a href="#quota">Quotas for commitments and committed resources</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Commitments must be purchased on a per-region basis.</p></li> <li><p>To use the gcloud CLI to manage commitments, you must be running <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud</code> version 147.0.0 or later. To update the gcloud CLI to the latest version:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud components update </pre> <p>To check the version of the gcloud CLI you are running:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud version </pre></li> </ul> <h2 id="restrictions" data-text="Restrictions" tabindex="-1">Restrictions</h2> <p>The following restrictions apply to resource-based CUDs:</p> <ul> <li>Projects that are in the free tier period with free tier credit and projects that don't have any payment history don't qualify for committed use discounts.</li> <li>You can purchase commitments only on a per-region basis.</li> <li><p>You can't change the project for which you purchase a commitment. If you want to share the discount with multiple projects, <a href="#turning_on_committed_use_discount_sharing">enable discount sharing</a>.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> If you move the project for which you purchased your commitments to a different Cloud Billing account, then you continue to receive the applicable committed use discounts for that project under the new Cloud Billing account. <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/modify-project">Learn about changing the Cloud Billing account for projects</a>.</span></aside></li> <li><p>For commitments shared across projects under one Cloud Billing account: If any part of the commitment is unutilized, the remaining commitment charge remains in the project that purchased that portion of the commitment.</p></li> <li><p>Committed use discounts don't apply to <a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-preemptible">preemptible VM instances</a>, <a href="/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#n1_machine_types">N1 shared-core machine types</a>, or <a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type#extendedmemory">extended memory</a>.</p></li> <li><p>If you use your Compute Engine reservations with Dataflow or Dataproc Serverless, then those reserved resources aren't eligible for Compute Engine CUDs.</p></li> <li><p>For machine types that support <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">per VM Tier_1 networking performance</a>, the higher bandwidth SKUs are excluded from CUDs.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">f1-micro</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">g1-small</code> shared-core machines are not eligible for CUDs.</p></li> <li><p>For committed use discounted pricing for GPUs and Local SSD disks, you must reserve your resources and <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">attach those reservations to your commitment</a>.</p></li> <li><p>If a reservation is attached to a committed use discount, the reservation can't be deleted for the duration of the commitment.</p></li> </ul> <h2 id="pricing" data-text="Pricing" tabindex="-1">Pricing</h2> <p>You're billed monthly for your commitment and must pay your monthly commitment fee even if you don't use all of your committed resources. Your commitment fee is the sum of the discounted prices of all your committed resources. Compute Engine calculates the discounted price of each resource by using its prevailing on-demand price on the day your commitment becomes active. Your monthly commitment fee and the discounted prices for your resources stay the same until the end of your commitment term, even if the on-demand prices change.</p> <p>If you use your commitments to run custom machine types, then Compute Engine charges a 5% premium over the commitment prices. Compute Engine charges this premium for the portion and duration of your commitment that you run these custom machine type VMs.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> If you merge or split your commitments, then the discounted prices for your committed resources might change on the day your merged or split commitments become active.</span></aside> <p>The discounted pricing (also referred to as CUD pricing) for VM instances, with or without GPUs and Local SSD disks, differs depending on the region. For current rates, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">VM instance pricing</a>.</p> <p>If you move the project for which you purchased commitments to a different Cloud Billing account, then you continue to receive committed use discounts for that project under the new Cloud Billing account. <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/modify-project#change_the_billing_account_for_a_project">Learn about changing the Cloud Billing account for a project</a>.</p> <h2 id="hardware_commitment_types" data-text="Hardware commitment types" tabindex="-1">Hardware commitment types</h2> <p>You can purchase commitments for the following resources.</p> <table> <tr> <th>Commitment types</th> <th>Resources for which you can purchase discounts</th> <th>Applicable to the following resource types</th> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose E2 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> </ul> </td> <td>All E2 machine types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose N2 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All N2 machine types</li> <li>All N2 sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose N2D commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All N2D machine types</li> <li>All N2D sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose N4 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All N4 machine types</li> <li>All N4 sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose C3 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All C3 machine types</li> <li>All C3 sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose C3D commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All C3D machine types</li> <li>All C3D sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose C4 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All C4 machine types</li> <li>All C4 sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose C4A commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All C4A machine types</li> <li>All C4A sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose Tau T2D commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> </ul> </td> <td>Standard Tau T2D machine types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>General purpose N1 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>GPUs</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All N1 machine types, excluding shared-core.</li> <li>All N1 sole-tenant node types</li> <li>GPUs: <ul> <li>NVIDIA T4</li> <li>NVIDIA V100</li> <li>NVIDIA P100</li> <li>NVIDIA P4</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Storage-optimized Z3 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All Z3 machine types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Compute-optimized H3 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All H3 machine types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Compute-optimized C2 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All C2 machine types</li> <li>All C2 sole-tenant node types</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Compute-optimized C2D commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td>All C2D machine types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Memory-optimized M1/M2 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All M1 and M2 machine types</li> <li>All M1 and M2 sole-tenant node types</li> <li>Doesn't apply to Memory Optimized Upgrade Premium SKUs</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Memory-optimized M3 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td>All M3 machine types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Accelerator-optimized A2 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>GPUs</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All A2 machine types</li> <li>GPUs: <ul> <li>NVIDIA A100</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Accelerator-optimized A3 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>GPUs</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All A3 machine types</li> <li>GPUs: <ul> <li>NVIDIA H100</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Accelerator-optimized G2 commitments</td> <td> <ul> <li>vCPUs</li> <li>Memory</li> <li>GPUs</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul> <li>All G2 machine types</li> <li>All G2 sole-tenant node types</li> <li>GPUs: <ul> <li>NVIDIA L4</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <p>You can't purchase commitments for <code translate="no" dir="ltr">f1-micro</code>, or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">g1-small</code> machine types or for the sole-tenant premium charge.</p> <h3 id="commitments-for-machine-types" data-text="Commitments for Compute Engine machine types" tabindex="-1">Commitments for Compute Engine machine types</h3> <p>Google Cloud offers resource-based commitments for hardware resources of several Compute Engine machine family series. Purchase the appropriate commitment type for the machine types you plan to use.</p> <h4 id="general-purpose_machine_types" data-text="General-purpose machine types" tabindex="-1">General-purpose machine types</h4> <p>CUDs for general-purpose machine types are applied to resources in the following order:</p> <ol> <li>N4, N2, N2D, E2, or N1 custom machine types, depending on which commitment you purchase</li> <li>Sole-tenant nodes</li> <li>E2, N2, N2D, N4, C4, C4A, C3, C3D, Tau T2D, or N1 predefined machine types, depending on which commitment you purchase.</li> </ol> <p>When you purchase commitments for general-purpose machine types, you pick which machine series the commitment applies to. For example, if you purchase general-purpose E2 commitments, they apply to only E2 machine types. Similarly, if you purchase general-purpose N2, N2D, N4, C4, C4A, C3, C3D, Tau T2D, or N1 commitments, the commitments never overlap.</p> <p>For example, assume you have a region with the following mix:</p> <ul> <li>10 N2 custom machine type vCPUs</li> <li>30 GB of custom machine type memory</li> <li>2 <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-4</code> predefined machine types</li> </ul> <p>You purchase N2 commitments for 15 vCPUs and 13.5 GB of memory for committed use. The CUDs would be applied first to the N2 custom machine types, and any remaining discounts would be applied to the N2 predefined machine types. In this case, all 10 vCPUs of the N2 custom machine types would be charged at committed use prices, and 13.5 GB of custom machine type memory would be charged at committed use prices.</p> <p>Finally, the remaining 5 vCPUs of committed use would apply to 5 random vCPUs across the two <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-4 machine</code> types. Any resource usage that isn't covered by your commitments might qualify for applicable SUDs.</p> <p>Additionally, if you use your commitments to run custom machine types, then Compute Engine charges a 5% premium over the commitment prices. Compute Engine charges this premium for the portion and duration of your commitment that you run these custom machine type VMs.</p> <p>Commitments are aggregated by machine series. If you are unsure of how many commitments to purchase, you might want to purchase a smaller number of commitments, then add more as you need them. For example, you can purchase multiple contracts for 10 vCPUs and zero memory, then purchase separate contracts for additional memory.</p> <p>To purchase a commitment for general-purpose machine types, see <a href="#purchasecommitment">Purchase commitments without attached reservations</a> and <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</a>.</p> <h4 id="memory-optimized_machine_types" data-text="Memory-optimized machine types" tabindex="-1">Memory-optimized machine types</h4> <p>CUDs for memory-optimized machine types are available at two levels. One level applies to both M1 and M2 machine types. The other level applies to only <a href="/compute/docs/memory-optimized-machines#m3_machine_types">M3 machine types</a>. You cannot use the same commitment for all memory-optimized machine types.</p> <p>The Memory Optimized Upgrade Premium Core and RAM SKUs, which are specific to M2 machine types, are not eligible for CUDs. The prices for these SKUs are incorporated into the price rates that are documented on the <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#memory-optimized">VM instance pricing page</a> and in the <a href="/products/calculator">pricing calculator</a>.</p> <p>If you intend to use memory-optimized machine types, purchase memory-optimized commitments. To purchase a commitment for memory-optimized machine types, see <a href="#purchasecommitment">Purchase commitments without attached reservations</a>.</p> <h4 id="storage-optimized_machine_types" data-text="Storage-optimized machine types" tabindex="-1">Storage-optimized machine types</h4> <p>To purchase commitments for storage-optimized Z3 machine types, see <a href="#purchasecommitment">Purchase commitments without attached reservations</a> and <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</a>.</p> <h4 id="compute-optimized_machine_types" data-text="Compute-optimized machine types" tabindex="-1">Compute-optimized machine types</h4> <p>To purchase commitments for compute-optimized machine types, see one of the following:</p> <ul> <li>For C2 and C2D compute-optimized machine types, see <a href="#purchasecommitment">Purchase commitments without attached reservations</a>.</li> <li>For H3 compute-optimized machine types, see <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</a>.</li> </ul> <h4 id="accelerator-optimized_machine_types" data-text="Accelerator-optimized machine types" tabindex="-1">Accelerator-optimized machine types</h4> <p>Accelerator-optimized VMs have a specific model and number of NVIDIA GPUs attached. When you purchase commitments for these machine types, you must also reserve your committed GPUs and attach those reservations to your commitments. To purchase a commitment for A3, A2, or G2 machine types, see <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</a>.</p> <h3 id="commitments_for_gpus_and_local_ssd_disk_resources" data-text="Commitments for GPUs and Local SSD disk resources" tabindex="-1">Commitments for GPUs and Local SSD disk resources</h3> <p>To purchase commitments for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both you must also reserve the resources and attach the reservations to your commitment. Reserving these resources is required to ensure that the resources are always available for you (whether you use them or not). There are no additional charges for reserving the resources.</p> <p>You must purchase commitments by specific GPU types. For example, you can purchase GPUs for either NVIDIA P100s or NVIDIA V100s, but you can't purchase commitments for NVIDIA P100 GPUs and apply them to other GPU types.</p> <p>To purchase a commitment for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both, see <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</a> in this document.</p> <p>To learn more about commitments with attached reservations, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments#attach-reservations-to-resource-cuds">Attach reservations to resource-based commitments</a>.</p> <h2 id="quota" data-text="Quotas for commitments and committed resources" tabindex="-1">Quotas for commitments and committed resources</h2> <p>You can only purchase resource-based commitments for resources in a specific region if you have quota available in that region for both of the following:</p> <ul> <li>Commitments</li> <li>Committed resources (with the exception of memory)</li> </ul> <p>Specifically, if you want to purchase commitments for any vCPUs, GPUs, or Local SSD disks, then you need to have quota available both for commitments and for those specific committed SKUs in the region where you want to purchase the commitment. There is no quota on memory, so you don't need to have separate quota for committed memory to purchase a commitments for memory.</p> <p>For example, to purchase 5 commitments that cover 32 vCPUs of general-purpose N1 machine type, 16 GB memory, 4 NVIDIA P4 GPUs, and 2 Local SSD disks in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region, you must have quota for each of the following:</p> <ul> <li>Five commitments in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code></li> <li>32 committed N1 vCPUs in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code></li> <li>Four committed NVIDIA P4 GPUs in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code></li> <li>750 GB (or 2 Local SSD disks) of committed Local SSD disk space in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code></li> </ul> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> If your project is still in the free tier period with free tier credit remaining, or if your project does not have payment history, it does not qualify for committed use discounts. This means that the project is not granted quota to create commitments.</span></aside> <h3 id="quota_limits" data-text="Quota limits" tabindex="-1">Quota limits</h3> <p>By default, Compute Engine offers a specific amount of commitment quota for each type of committed resource. These quota limits determine the number of commitments you can purchase and the amount of resources you can commit to. To learn how to view the current quota limits and quota usage values for your commitments and committed resources, see <a href="/docs/quotas/view-manage#viewing_your_quota_console">View quotas in the Google Cloud console</a>.</p> <p>If you consistently pay for a very high amount of committed vCPUs for your projects across different regions, then you might be eligible for unlimited quota on your committed vCPUs for all machine types (except for memory-optimized machine types) in all regions.</p> <p>If you use up all your commitment quota, you won't be able to purchase new commitments. Likewise, if you exhaust your committed resource quota, then you won't be able to purchase a new commitment for that resource even if you have commitment quota available. For example, if you used up all of your commitment quota, then the server returns the following error when you make a commitment purchase request:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">"Quota 'COMMITMENTS' exceeded. Limit: 0.0" </code></pre> <h3 id="increase_committed_cpus_quota" data-text="Increase quota limits" tabindex="-1">Increase quota limits</h3> <p>If you don't have enough quota for your commitments or your committed resources, you can always request for a quota increase from the <a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/iam-admin/quotas">Quotas page</a>. You can request for quota increases at any time. To learn how to submit a request to increase quota limits for your resources, see <a href="/docs/quotas/view-manage#requesting_higher_quota">Request a higher quota limit</a>.</p> <p>For example, consider a scenario where you purchased two commitments for a total of four <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NVIDIA V100</code> GPUs in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> and met your quota limits. region. Suppose you want to purchase two new commitments for two <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NVIDIA V100 GPUs</code> each, in the same region, you must do the following:</p> <ol> <li>Submit a new quota request to increase your <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Committed NVIDIA V100 GPUs</code> quota in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> to the new maximum number (eight) that you want.</li> <li><p>Submit a new quota request to increase your <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Commitments</code> quota in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> to match the new maximum number (four) that you want.</p> <p>Wait for your requests to be approved and closed. After your requests are approved, your commitment and committed GPU quotas in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> increase to match your new needs. You can then purchase your new commitments.</p></li> </ol> <p>If you place a request for an increase in quota limit for a resource that already has unlimited quota by default, then the quota value for that resource remains unlimited and you are notified that your requested limit is below the approved limit.</p> <h3 id="quota_caps" data-text="Set a cap for quota limits" tabindex="-1">Set a cap for quota limits</h3> <p>You can set a cap on the quota value for your committed resources by creating a consumer quota override. For resources that have unlimited quota by default, creating a consumer quota override decreases the quota value. To return the default quota to its unlimited value, you must remove the consumer override that was set for your committed SKUs. For more information, see <a href="/service-usage/docs/manage-quota#create_consumer_quota_override">Creating a consumer quota override</a> and <a href="/service-usage/docs/manage-quota#delete_consumer_quota_override">Deleting a consumer quota override</a>.</p> <p>To learn more about how to manage quotas for your resources, see <a href="/docs/quotas/view-manage">View and manage quotas</a>.</p> <h2 id="purchasecommitment" data-text="Purchase commitments without attached reservations" tabindex="-1">Purchase commitments without attached reservations</h2> <p>You can purchase commitments for vCPUs, memory, or both without attaching any reservations for those resources. You can purchase these commitments using the Google Cloud console, the gcloud CLI, or the API.</p> <p>To learn more about commitments with attached reservations, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments#attach-reservations-to-resource-cuds">Attach reservations to resource-based commitments</a></p> <p>To purchase commitments for GPUs, Local SSDs disks, or both, see <a href="#purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</a>.</p> <p>By default, project owners have permission to purchase committed use discount contracts. However, it's possible for owners to create custom roles that include or exclude certain users. Read about <a href="/compute/docs/access">access control</a> to ensure you have permission to purchase a committed use discount contract.</p> <p> After you purchase a commitment, your commitment becomes active on the following day at 12 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8, or UTC-7 during daylight saving time). Compute Engine <a href="/resource-manager/docs/project-liens"> maintains a lien on your project</a> for each region in your project where you purchase a commitment. When you purchase a new commitment for any region in your project, Compute Engine associates the lien for that region with the newly created commitment. </p> <p> Between the time of your commitment purchase and its activation time, the status of your commitment remains as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code> (or as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PENDING</code> on the Google Cloud console). After activation, the status of your commitment changes to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code>. For example, suppose you purchase your commitment on January 20th at 10:00 PM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). Compute Engine creates your commitment immediately with its status as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code>. However, your commitment becomes <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code> only on January 21st at 12:00 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). </p> <p>The discounts are automatically applied to applicable instances in the region you specified, and to the projects in which those discounts are purchased.</p> <aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> After you purchase a commitment, you can't cancel it. If you change the Cloud Billing account for the project associated with the commitment, the scope of your <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution">attribution and discount sharing settings</a> changes to projects in the new Cloud Billing account. If you had discount sharing enabled in the old Cloud Billing account, the projects in the old Cloud Billing account are no longer in the scope of the discount sharing settings.</span></aside> <section class="expandable"> <a class="exw-control expand-control" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewPermissionsHowToGuides" track-type="task" track-name="iamPermissionsExpandable"></a> <h4 class="showalways" id="permissions-required-for-this-task" data-text="Permissions required for this task" tabindex="-1">Permissions required for this task</h4> <p>To perform this task, you must have the following <a href="/iam/docs/overview#permissions">permissions</a>: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute.commitments.create</code> to create a commitment for a VM.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute.commitments.list</code> to view a list of commitments on a project.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><p>Before you purchase a commitment using the Google Cloud console, select the project that you want to use to purchase the commitment. If <a href="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts#share-committed-use-discounts-across-projects">CUD sharing</a> is enabled for a Cloud Billing account, you can purchase the commitment using any project from that Cloud Billing account. After you select the project, do the following:</p> <ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>Committed use discounts</strong> page.</p> <p> <a class="button button-primary" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="createCommitmentWithReservation" href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/commitments">Go to Committed use discounts</a> </p></li> <li><p>To purchase a commitment, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add_box</span> <strong>Purchase commitment</strong>. The <strong>Purchase a committed use discount</strong> page opens and displays the <strong>Hardware</strong> tab.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Name</strong> field, enter a name for your commitment.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Region</strong> field, select the region where you want to commit to Compute Engine resources.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Commitment type</strong> field, select the machine family series for your committed resources. For vCPUs, memory, or both, you can choose from the following commitment types:</p> <p> <ul> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A2</b> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A3</b> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A3 Mega</b> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><b>Compute-optimized C2</b> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Compute-optimized C2D</b> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><b>Compute-optimized H3</b> for H3 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C3</b> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C3D</b> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C4</b> for C4 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C4A</b> for C4A machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose E2</b> for E2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N1</b> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N2</b> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N2D</b> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N4</b> for N4 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose T2D</b> for Tau T2D machine type resources</li> <li><b>Graphics-optimized G2</b> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Memory-optimized M1/M2</b> for M1 or M2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Memory-optimized M3</b> forM3 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Storage-optimized Z3</b> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Duration</strong> section, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>To specify your commitment's plan, select either <strong>1 year</strong> or <strong>3 years</strong>. This setting determines the preset term length of your commitment.</li> <li><p>Optional. To specify a custom term length for your commitment, click the <strong>Extend end date</strong> toggle and then, in the <strong>Date</strong> field, specify the custom end date that you want. For more information, see <a href="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term">Extend the term length of commitments</a>.</p> <p></p></li> </ol></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Cores</strong> field, enter the number of vCPUs that you want to commit to.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Memory</strong> field, enter the amount, in GB, of memory that you want to commit to.</p></li> <li><p>To finish purchasing your commitment, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>Click <strong>Purchase</strong>.</li> <li>In the <strong>Purchase a committed use discount</strong> dialog, if you agree with the <a href="/terms/service-terms">service specific terms</a>, click <strong>Purchase</strong> again.</li> </ol></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><p>Using the gcloud CLI, run the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/commitments/create"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create</code> command</a>:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var> \ --region <var translate="no">REGION</var> \ --project <var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var> \ --resources vcpu=<var translate="no">NUMBER_VCPUS</var>,memory=<var translate="no">MEMORY</var> \ --plan <var translate="no">DURATION</var> \ --type <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var> </pre> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var></code>: the name you want to identify this commitment with.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION</var></code>: the region this commitment applies to. Each region has different commitment prices. For current prices, see the <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">price sheet</a>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></code>: the project ID of the project for which you want to create the commitment.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">NUMBER_VCPUS</var></code>: the number of vCPUs you are willing to purchase commitments for. The number of vCPUs must be an integer of 0 or more and can be even or odd.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MEMORY</var></code>: the amount, in MB or GB, of memory you are willing to purchase commitments for. For example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">1000MB</code>. If the units are not specified, the default unit used is GB. Memory can be purchased in increments of 0.25 GB.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">DURATION</var></code>: the term of the commitment, either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">12-month</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">36-month</code>.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var></code>: one of:</p> <p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized</code> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized-a3</code> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized-a3-mega</code> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized</code> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c2d</code> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c3</code> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c3d</code> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-h3</code> for H3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose</code> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-c4</code> for C4 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-c4a</code> for C4A machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-e2</code> for E2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-n2</code> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-n2d</code> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-n4</code> for N4 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-t2d</code> for Tau T2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">graphics-optimized</code> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">memory-optimized</code> for M1 or M2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">memory-optimized-m3</code> for M3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">storage-optimized-z3</code> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p> <p>If you don't specify the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--type</code> flag, the default value used is <code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose</code>.</p></li> </ul> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <ul> <li><p>To create a general-purpose commitment for N1 machine types, you might use the following example:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create example-commitment --region us-central1 \ --resources vcpu=5,memory=33280MB --plan 12-month \ --project=myproject </pre></li> <li><p>To create a compute-optimized commitment, use the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/commitments/create"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create</code> command</a>, which purchases a 1 year commitment for a compute-optimized machine type:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create example-compute-optimized-commitment \ --region us-central1 --resources vcpu=2,memory=3814GB --plan 12-month \ --type compute-optimized --project=myproject </pre></li> <li><p>To create a memory-optimized commitment:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create example-memory-optimized-commitment \ --region us-central1 --resources vcpu=96,memory=1434MB \ --plan 12-month --type memory-optimized \ --project=myproject </pre></li> <li><p>To create an accelerator-optimized commitment, you must <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments#purchasing_a_commitment_with_a_reservation">purchase your commitment with a supporting attached reservation</a> by using the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/commitments/create"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create</code> command</a>. You must also specify the total number of resources (including GPUs) that you need.</p> <p>When creating GPU commitments, you need to specify the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--accelerator</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--resources-accelerator</code> flags. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--accelerator</code> flag specifies the number of GPUs that are attached to each VM. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--resources-accelerator</code> flag specifies the total number of GPUs in the commitment.</p> <p>For example, the following commitment includes 96 vCPUs, 680 GB memory, 8 GPUs, and a reservation for those GPUs to be used in 2 VMs in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code>.</p> <pre class="lang-sh devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create example-accelerator-optimized-commitment \ --region=us-central1 \ --project=myproject \ --resources=vcpu=96,memory=680GB \ --resources-accelerator=count=8,type=nvidia-tesla-a100 \ --plan 12-month \ --type accelerator-optimized \ <em> --reservation=reservation-01 \ --reservation-zone=us-central1-a \ --machine-type=a2-highgpu-4g \ --accelerator=count=4,type=nvidia-tesla-a100 \ --vm-count=2 </em> </pre></li> <li><p>To create a commitment for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both, you must <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments#purchasing_a_commitment_with_a_reservation">purchase your commitment with an attached reservation</a> by using the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/commitments/create"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create</code> command</a>.</p> <p>When creating GPU commitments, you need to specify the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--accelerator</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--resources-accelerator</code> flags. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--accelerator</code> flag specifies the number of GPUs that are attached to each VM. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--resources-accelerator</code> flag specifies the total number of GPUs in the commitment.</p> <p>For example, the following commitment includes 4 GPUs and a reservation for those GPUs to be used in 2 instances in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code>.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create example-reservation-commitment \ --region=us-central1 \ --project=myproject \ --resources=vcpu=96,memory=624GB \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=4 \ --plan 12-month \ <em> --reservation=reservation-01 \ --reservation-zone=us-central1-a \ --machine-type=n1-standard-32 --accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=2 \ --vm-count=2 </em> </pre></li> </ul></section> <section><h3 id="rest" data-text=" REST " tabindex="-1"> REST </h3><p>In the API, make a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST</code> request to the <a href="/compute/docs/reference/rest/beta/regionCommitments/insert"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">regionCommitments.insert</code> method</a>, with a request body that contains information about the commitment:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>/regions/<var translate="no">REGION</var>/commitments?requestId=<var translate="no">OPTIONAL_UNIQUE_ID</var> </code></pre><aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> <a href="/compute/docs/reference/latest/regionCommitments/insert"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">requestId</code></a> is an optional query parameter, but we recommend providing it to help prevent unintended duplicate requests.</span></aside> <p>The resource body should contain the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">name</code> for the name of the commitment</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">plan</code> for the term of the commitment, either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TWELVE_MONTH</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">THIRTY_SIX_MONTH</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">resources</code> to specify the amount of memory and vCPU. Memory must be be specified in MB. You must specify both <code translate="no" dir="ltr">VCPU</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">MEMORY</code> in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">resources</code> section.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr">type</code> of commitment, one of the following:</p> <p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED</code> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED_A3</code> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED_A3_MEGA</code> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED</code> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C2D</code> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C3</code> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C3D</code> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_H3</code> for H3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE</code> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_C4</code> for C4 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_C4A</code> for C4A machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_E2</code> for E2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_N2</code> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_N2D</code> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_N4</code> for N4 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_T2D</code> for Tau T2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GRAPHICS_OPTIMIZED</code> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MEMORY_OPTIMIZED</code> for M1 or M2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_M3</code> for M3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">STORAGE_OPTIMIZED_Z3</code> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> </ul> <p>For example, the following creates a commitment for 1 year with 5 vCPUs and 18.75 GB of memory:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">{ "name": "example-commitment", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "type": "GENERAL_PURPOSE", "resources": [ { "amount": "5", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "19200", "type": "MEMORY" } ] } </code></pre> <p>To create a memory-optimized commitment, include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">type</code> property. The following example shows a purchase of a 1 year commitment for an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">m1-megamem-96</code> machine type:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-json" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">{ "name": "example-memory-optimized-commitment", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "type": "MEMORY_OPTIMIZED", "resources": [ { "amount": "96", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "1434", "type": "MEMORY" } ] }``` To create a compute-optimized commitment, include the `type` property. The following example, purchases a 1 year commitment for a `c2-standard-16` machine type: ```json { "name": "example-compute-optimized-commitment", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "type": "COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED", "resources": [ { "amount": "16", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "1434", "type": "MEMORY" } ] } </code></pre></section> </div> <h2 id="purchasecommitmentgpuslocalssd" data-text="Purchase commitments with attached reservations" tabindex="-1">Purchase commitments with attached reservations</h2> <p>When you purchase a new commitment, you can attach reservations to your commitment in either of the following ways:</p> <ul> <li><a href="#purchase-cuds-attach-existing-reservations">Using existing reservations whose properties match with the commitment</a></li> <li><a href="#purchase-cuds-attach-new-reservations">Creating new matching reservations while purchasing of your commitment</a></li> </ul> <p> After you purchase a commitment, your commitment becomes active on the following day at 12 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8, or UTC-7 during daylight saving time). Between the time of your commitment purchase and its activation time, the status of your commitment remains as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code> (or as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PENDING</code> on the Google Cloud console). After activation, the status of your commitment changes to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code>. For example, suppose you purchase your commitment on January 20th at 10:00 PM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). Compute Engine creates your commitment immediately with its status as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code>. However, your commitment becomes <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code> only on January 21st at 12:00 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). </p> <h3 id="purchase-cuds-attached-reservations-requirements" data-text="Requirements" tabindex="-1">Requirements</h3> <p>Before you purchase a commitment with attached reservations, review these requirements and make sure that your commitment and reservations meet the following criteria:</p> <ul> <li>You must purchase the commitment and create the attached reservations in the same project and region.</li> <li>You must purchase the commitment and create the attached reservations for resources from the same machine family series.</li> <li>You must disable the <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview#auto-delete">auto-delete option</a> on the attached reservations.</li> <li>If your commitment has GPUs, then the GPU type specified in the reservation and the commitment must match.</li> <li>For GPUs and Local SSD disks, the number of reserved resources of each resource type must exactly match with the number of committed resources for that resource type. For example, if you want to purchase a commitment for 4 V100 GPUs, then your commitment's attached reservations must specify a total of 4 V100 GPUs. However, the amount of vCPU and memory that you reserve can be more or less than what you commit to.</li> <li>For GPUs, purchase commitments for the specific GPU types that you intend to use. For example, you can purchase commitments for either NVIDIA P100s or NVIDIA V100s, but you cannot use a commitment that was purchased for NVIDIA P100 GPUs to cover NVIDIA V100 GPUs.</li> <li><p>If your attached reservation is a shared reservation and you want to receive the applicable CUDs when you consume that reservation outside your commitment's project, then you must do both the following:</p> <ul> <li>Share your reservations only between projects that belong to the same Cloud Billing account as the commitment.</li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts#turning_on_committed_use_discount_sharing">Enable CUD sharing</a> for that Cloud Billing account.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <h3 id="purchase-cuds-attach-existing-reservations" data-text="Attach existing reservations" tabindex="-1">Attach existing reservations</h3> <p>You can attach existing reservations while purchasing your commitment by using the Google Cloud console, the Google Cloud CLI, or REST.</p> <section class="expandable"> <a class="exw-control expand-control" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewPermissionsHowToGuides" track-type="task" track-name="iamPermissionsExpandable"></a> <h4 class="showalways" id="permissions-required-for-this-task_1" data-text="Permissions required for this task" tabindex="-1">Permissions required for this task</h4> <p>To perform this task, you must have the following <a href="/iam/docs/overview#permissions">permissions</a>: <ul> <li>To create a commitment: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute.commitments.create</code> on the project</li> <li>To create reservations: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute.reservations.create</code> on the project</li> </ul> </section> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_1" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><p>Before you purchase a commitment using the Google Cloud console, select the project that you want to use to purchase the commitment. If <a href="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts#share-committed-use-discounts-across-projects">CUD sharing</a> is enabled for a Cloud Billing account, you can purchase the commitment using any project from that Cloud Billing account. After you select the project, do the following:</p> <ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>Committed use discounts</strong> page.</p> <p> <a class="button button-primary" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="createCommitmentWithReservation" href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/commitments">Go to Committed use discounts</a> </p></li> <li><p>To purchase a commitment, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add_box</span> <strong>Purchase commitment</strong>. The <strong>Purchase a committed use discount</strong> page opens and displays the <strong>Hardware</strong> tab.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Name</strong> field, enter a name for your commitment.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Region</strong> field, select the region where you want to commit to Compute Engine resources.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Commitment type</strong> field, select the machine family series for your committed resources. The following commitment types provide options for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both:</p> <p> <ul> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A2</b> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A3</b> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A3 Mega</b> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><b>Compute-optimized C2</b> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Compute-optimized C2D</b> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C3</b> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C3D</b> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N1</b> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N2</b> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N2D</b> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><b>Graphics-optimized G2</b> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Memory-optimized M3</b> forM3 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Storage-optimized Z3</b> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> <li><p>For <strong>Duration</strong>, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>To specify your commitment's plan, select either <strong>1 year</strong> or <strong>3 years</strong>. This setting determines the preset term length of your commitment.</li> <li><p>Optional. To specify a custom term length for your commitment, click the <strong>Extend end date</strong> toggle and then, in the <strong>Date</strong> field, specify a custom end date. For more information, see <a href="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term">Extend the term length of commitments</a>.</p> <p></p></li> </ol></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Cores</strong> field, enter the number of vCPUs that you want to commit to.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Memory</strong> field, enter the amount, in GB, of memory that you want to commit to.</p></li> <li><p>To commit to GPUs, in the <strong>GPUs</strong> section, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add</span> <strong>Add GPU</strong> and then do the following:</p> <ol> <li>In the <strong>GPU type</strong> field, select the type of GPU.</li> <li>In the <strong>Number of GPUs</strong> field, enter the number of GPUs.</li> <li>Optional: If your GPU model supports <a href="/compute/docs/gpus#gpu-virtual-workstations">NVIDIA RTX Virtual Workstations (vWS) for graphics workloads</a>, and you plan to run graphics-intensive workloads, select the <strong>Enable Virtual Workstation (NVIDIA GRID)</strong> checkbox.</li> </ol></li> <li><p>To commit to Local SSD disks, in the <strong>Local SSDs</strong> section, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add</span> <strong>Add SSD</strong> and then, in the <strong>Number of SSDs</strong> field, specify the number of disks.</p></li> <li><p>To attach one or more existing reservations to the commitment, in the <strong>Reservations</strong> field, select <strong>Attach existing reservations</strong>.</p> <p>The Google Cloud console displays a list of all the reservations in your project whose region, machine type, and GPU type match with the commitment. Then, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>Optional. To view reservations with specific properties, in the <strong>Filter</strong> menu, add or remove filters for the properties that you want.</li> <li>Select all the reservations that you want to attach to the commitment.</li> </ol> <aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> The types and total number of GPUs and local SSD disks specified across all your attached reservations must match with what you specified in your commitment. Otherwise, you won't be able to purchase the commitment.</span></aside></li> <li><p>To finish purchasing your commitment with the attached reservations, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>Click <strong>Purchase</strong>.</li> <li>In the <strong>Purchase a committed use discount</strong> dialog, if you agree with the <a href="/terms/service-terms">service specific terms</a>, click <strong>Purchase</strong> again.</li> </ol></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_1" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><p>To purchase a commitment by attaching existing reservations, run the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/commitments/create"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create</code> command</a>. In your command, include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--existing-reservation</code> flag to specify an existing reservation that you want to attach to your commitment. Include a new instance of this flag for every existing reservation that you want to attach. You can attach any number of existing reservations to your commitment.</p> <p>For example, to purchase a commitment by attaching two reservations to it, run the following command:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var> \ --region=<var translate="no">REGION</var> \ --project=<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var> \ --resources=vcpu=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var>,memory=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var>,local-ssd=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var> \ --resources-accelerator=count=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var>,type=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var> \ --plan=<var translate="no">DURATION</var> \ --type=<var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var> \ --custom-end-time=<var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var> \ --existing-reservation=name='<var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME_1</var>',zone='<var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE_1</var>' \ --existing-reservation=name='<var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME_2</var>',zone='<var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE_2</var>' </pre> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var></code>: the name of the commitment.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION</var></code>: the region where the commitment is located.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></code>: the ID of the project where you want to purchase the commitment with the attached reservations.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">DURATION</var></code>: the term duration of the commitment, either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">12-month</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">36-month</code>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var></code>: Optional. A custom end date for your term, which must be formatted as <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">YYYY-MM-DD</var></code>. For example, to specify a custom end date of April 20, 2024, format it as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">2024-04-20</code>.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var></code>: the commitment type. The following commitment types provide options for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both:</p> <p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized</code> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized-a3</code> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized-a3-mega</code> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized</code> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c2d</code> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c3</code> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c3d</code> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose</code> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-n2</code> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-n2d</code> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">graphics-optimized</code> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">memory-optimized-m3</code> for M3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">storage-optimized-z3</code> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var></code>: the number of vCPUs that you want in your commitment. The number must be a positive integer.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var></code>: the amount, in MB or GB, of memory that you want in your commitment. For example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">10240MB</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">10GB</code>. If you don't specify a unit, Compute Engine uses GB as the unit. You can purchase memory in increments of 0.25 GB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var></code>: the amount, in GB, of Local SSD space that you want in your commitment. Each Local SSD disk is 375 GB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var></code>: the number of GPUs that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var></code>: the GPU type that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME_1</var></code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME_2</var></code>: The names of the existing reservations that you want to attach to the commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE_1</var></code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE_2</var></code>: The zones of the existing reservations that you want to attach to the commitment.</p></li> </ul> <h4 id="example_purchase_a_commitment_by_attaching_existing_reservations" data-text="Example: Purchase a commitment by attaching existing reservations" tabindex="-1">Example: Purchase a commitment by attaching existing reservations</h4> <p>Suppose you have two reservations <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-01</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-02</code> in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-b</code> zones of the project <code translate="no" dir="ltr">myproject</code>. Suppose that these reservations hold a combined capacity for 4 NVIDIA P100 GPUs and 4 Local SSD disks. To purchase a new commitment in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region of this project for these GPUs and Local SSD disks, and use these existing reservations as attached reservations, run the following command. Note that the example commitment also contains vCPUs and memory.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create commitment-01 \ --region=us-central1 \ --project=myproject \ --resources=vcpu=96,memory=624GB,local-ssd=1500 \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-p100,count=4 \ --plan 12-month \ <em>--existing-reservation=name=res-01,zone=us-central1-a \ --existing-reservation=name=res-02,zone=us-central1-b </em> </pre></section> <section><h3 id="rest_1" data-text=" REST " tabindex="-1"> REST </h3><p>To purchase a commitment by attaching existing reservations, make a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST</code> request to the <a href="/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/regionCommitments/insert"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">regionCommitments.insert</code> method</a>. In your request, include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">existingReservations</code> field to specify a comma-separated list of all the existing reservations that you want to attach to your commitment. You can attach any number of existing reservations to your commitment.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>/regions/<var translate="no">REGION</var>/commitments { "name": "<var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var>", "plan": "<var translate="no">DURATION</var>", "type": <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var>, "resources": [ { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var>", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var>", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var>", "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var>", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var>", "type": "LOCAL_SSD" } ], "customEndTimestamp": "<var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var>T<var translate="no">END_TIME</var>Z", "existingReservations": "<var translate="no">RESERVATION_URLs</var>" } </pre> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var></code>: the name of the commitment.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION</var></code>: the region where the commitment is located.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></code>: the ID of the project where you want to purchase the commitment with the attached reservations.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">DURATION</var></code>: the term duration of the commitment, either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TWELVE_MONTH</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">THIRTY_SIX_MONTH</code>.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var></code>: the commitment type. The following commitment types provide options for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED</code> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED_A3</code> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED_A3_MEGA</code> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED</code> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C2D</code> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C3</code> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C3D</code> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE</code> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_N2</code> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_N2D</code> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GRAPHICS_OPTIMIZED</code> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_M3</code> for M3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">STORAGE_OPTIMIZED_Z3</code> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var></code>: the number of vCPUs that you want in your commitment. The number must be a positive integer.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var></code>: the amount, in MB, of memory that you want in your commitment. For example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">10240MB</code>. You can purchase memory in increments of 256 MB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var></code>: the amount, in GB, of Local SSD storage that you want in your commitment. Each Local SSD disks is 375 GB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var></code>: the number of GPUs that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var></code>: the GPU type that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var></code>: Optional. A custom end date for your term, which must be formatted as <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">YYYY-MM-DD</var></code>. For example, to specify a custom end date of April 20, 2024, format it as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">2024-04-20</code>.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">END_TIME</var></code>: 12 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7), as an offset of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)</a>. Specify this value only if you specified a custom end date for your commitment. Specify one of the following values:</p> <ul> <li>During daylight saving time: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">07:00:00</code></li> <li>During other times: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">08:00:00</code></li> </ul></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_URLs</var></code>: a comma-separated list of URLs of the existing reservations that you want to attach to the commitment. For example, to attach two reservations, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-1</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-2</code>, specify the following: <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations/example-res-1", "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-c/reservations/example-res-2" </pre></p></li> </ul> <h4 id="example_purchase_a_commitment_by_attaching_existing_reservations_2" data-text="Example: Purchase a commitment by attaching existing reservations" tabindex="-1">Example: Purchase a commitment by attaching existing reservations</h4> <p>Suppose you have two reservations <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-01</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-02</code> in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-b</code> zones of the project <code translate="no" dir="ltr">myproject</code>. Suppose that these reservations hold a combined capacity for 4 NVIDIA P100 GPUs and 4 Local SSD disks. To purchase a new commitment in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region of this project for these GPUs and Local SSD disks and to use these existing reservations as attached reservations, make the following <code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST</code> request. Note that the example commitment also contains vCPUs and memory.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/regions/us-central1/commitments { "name": "commitment-01", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "type": "GENERAL_PURPOSE" "resources": [ { "amount": "96", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "638976", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-p100", "amount": "4", "type": "ACCELERATOR" }, { "amount": "1536000", "type": "LOCAL_SSD" } ],<em> "existingReservations": [ "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zone/us-central1-a/reservations/res-01", "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zone/us-central1-b/reservations/res-02" ]</em> } </pre></section> </div> <h3 id="purchase-cuds-attach-new-reservations" data-text="Create new reservations to attach" tabindex="-1">Create new reservations to attach</h3> <p>You can create your attached reservations while purchasing your commitment by using the Google Cloud console, the Google Cloud CLI, or REST.</p> </li> </ul> <section class="expandable"> <a class="exw-control expand-control" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewPermissionsHowToGuides" track-type="task" track-name="iamPermissionsExpandable"></a> <h4 class="showalways" id="permissions-required-for-this-task_2" data-text="Permissions required for this task" tabindex="-1">Permissions required for this task</h4> <p>To perform this task, you must have the following <a href="/iam/docs/overview#permissions">permissions</a>: <ul> <li>To create a commitment: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute.commitments.create</code> on the project</li> <li>To create reservations: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute.reservations.create</code> on the project </section> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_2" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><p>Before you purchase a commitment using the Google Cloud console, select the project that you want to use to purchase the commitment. If <a href="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts#share-committed-use-discounts-across-projects">CUD sharing</a> is enabled for a Cloud Billing account, you can purchase the commitment using any project from that Cloud Billing account. After you select the project, do the following:</p> <ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>Committed use discounts</strong> page.</p> <p> <a class="button button-primary" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="createCommitmentWithReservation" href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/commitments">Go to Committed use discounts</a> </p></li> <li><p>To purchase a commitment, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add_box</span> <strong>Purchase commitment</strong>. The <strong>Purchase a committed use discount</strong> page opens and displays the <strong>Hardware</strong> tab.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Name</strong> field, enter a name for your commitment.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Region</strong> field, select the region where you want to commit to Compute Engine resources.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Commitment type</strong> field, select the machine family series for your committed resources. The following commitment types provide options for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both:</p> <p> <ul> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A2</b> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A3</b> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><b>Accelerator-optimized A3 Mega</b> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><b>Compute-optimized C2</b> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Compute-optimized C2D</b> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C3</b> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose C3D</b> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N1</b> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N2</b> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>General-Purpose N2D</b> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><b>Graphics-optimized G2</b> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Memory-optimized M3</b> forM3 machine type resources</li> <li><b>Storage-optimized Z3</b> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> <li><p>For <strong>Duration</strong>, choose either <strong>1 year</strong> or <strong>3 years</strong> as your commitment's term duration.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Cores</strong> field, enter the number of vCPUs that you want to commit to.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Memory</strong> field, enter the amount, in GB, of memory that you want to commit to.</p></li> <li><p>To commit to GPUs, in the <strong>GPUs</strong> section, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add</span> <strong>Add GPU</strong> and then do the following:</p> <ol> <li>In the <strong>GPU type</strong> field, select the type of GPU.</li> <li>In the <strong>Number of GPUs</strong> field, enter the number of GPUs.</li> <li>Optional: If your GPU model supports <a href="/compute/docs/gpus#gpu-virtual-workstations">NVIDIA RTX Virtual Workstations (vWS) for graphics workloads</a>, and you plan to run graphics-intensive workloads, select the <strong>Enable Virtual Workstation (NVIDIA GRID)</strong> checkbox.</li> </ol></li> <li><p>To commit to Local SSD disks, in the <strong>Local SSDs</strong> section, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add</span> <strong>Add SSD</strong> and then, in the <strong>Number of SSDs</strong> field, specify the number of disks.</p></li> <li><p>To create a new reservation and attach it to the commitment, in the <strong>Reservations</strong> field, select <strong>Create reservations</strong> and then do the following. Repeat this step for every new reservation that you want to create and attach.</p> <ol> <li>Click <strong>Add a reservation</strong>. The <strong>New reservation</strong> section appears.</li> <li>In the <strong>Name</strong> field, enter a name for your attached reservation.</li> <li>In the <strong>Region</strong> field, select the same region as your commitment.</li> <li>In the <strong>Zone</strong> field, select the zone where you want to reserve your resources.</li> <li><p>In the <strong>Share type</strong> section, specify how you want to share this reservation in one of the following ways:</p> <ul> <li>To create a single-project reservation, select <strong>Local</strong>.</li> <li>To create a reservation that is shared with multiple projects, select <strong>Shared</strong>. Then, to specify the projects to share the this reservation with, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add</span> <strong>Add projects</strong>, and then select the projects that you want from the current project's organization.</li> </ul></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Use with VM instance</strong> field, select how you want VMs to consume your reservation in one of the following ways:</p> <ul> <li>To allow VMs with matching properties to automatically consume this reservation, click <strong>Use reservation automatically</strong> (default).</li> <li>To consume this reservation's resources only when creating VMs with matching properties that specifically target this reservation by name, click select <strong>Select specific reservation</strong>.</li> </ul></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Resource details</strong> section, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>In the <strong>Number of VM instances</strong> field, enter the number of VM instances that you want to reserve.</li> <li><p>In the <strong>Machine configuration</strong> section, specify the properties of your reserved VMs in one of the following ways:</p> <ol> <li><p>To specify your the properties of your VMs using an existing <a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates/create-instance-templates">instance template</a>, select <strong>Use instance template</strong>.</p> <p>In the <strong>Instance template</strong> field, select an instance template that specifies the same machine family series as your commitment. If you select a regional instance template, the region of that instance template must also match with the region specified in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p>To manually specify the properties of your VMs, select <strong>Select machine type</strong> and then do the following:</p> <ol> <li><p>Select the machine family that applies to the machine series that you specified for the commitment:</p> <ul> <li><strong>General purpose</strong> for general-purpose machine series</li> <li><strong>Compute optimized</strong> for compute-optimized machine series</li> <li><strong>Memory optimized</strong> for memory-optimized machine series</li> <li><strong>GPUs</strong> for accelerator-optimized machine series</li> </ul></li> <li><p>In the table that has <strong>Series</strong> column, select the same machine series that you specified for the commitment.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Machine type</strong> field, specify a predefined or custom machine type in one of the following ways:</p> <ol> <li>To choose a predefined machine type, select <strong>Preset</strong> and then select the machine type that you want.</li> <li>To choose a custom machine type, select <strong>Custom</strong> and then specify <strong>Cores</strong> and <strong>Memory</strong> that you want.</li> </ol></li> <li><p>To specify a minimum CPU platform, GPUs, or both, expand the <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">expand_more</span> <strong>CPU Platform and GPU</strong> menu and do the following:</p> <ol> <li>Optional: To specify a minimum CPU platform, in the <strong>CPU Plaform</strong> list, select an option.</li> <li><p>Optional: To reserve GPUs, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">add</span> <strong>Add GPU</strong>. Then, in the <strong>GPU type</strong> and <strong>Number of GPUs</strong> fields, select the type and number of GPUs for each VM.</p> <aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> The types and total number of GPUs specified across all your attached reservations must match with what you specified in your commitment. Otherwise, you won't be able to purchase the commitment.</span></aside></li> </ol></li> <li><p>To reserve local SSD disks, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>In the <strong>Number of disks</strong> field, select the number of local SSD disks that you want for each VM.</li> <li>In the <strong>Interface type</strong> field, select the interface for the local SSD disks.</li> </ol> <aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> The total number of local SSD disks specified across all your attached reservations must must match with what you specified in your commitment. Otherwise, you won't be able to purchase the commitment.</span></aside></li> </ol></li> </ol></li> </ol></li> <li><p>To finish specifying the properties for this reservation, click <strong>Done</strong>.</p></li> </ol></li> <li><p>To finish purchasing your commitment with the attached reservations, do the following:</p> <ol> <li>Click <strong>Purchase</strong>.</li> <li>In the <strong>Purchase a committed use discount</strong> dialog, if you agree with the <a href="/terms/service-terms">service specific terms</a>, click <strong>Purchase</strong> again.</li> </ol></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_2" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><p>To create your attached reservations while purchasing your commitment, run the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/commitments/create"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create</code> command</a>.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> You can't use the Google Cloud CLI to create your attached reservations using instance templates. Instead, you must manually specify the VM properties for your reservations.</span></aside> <p>Depending on whether you want to attach a single reservation or multiple reservations, run the command in one of the following ways:</p> <ul> <li><p>To create and attach a single reservation to your commitment, define the properties of the attached reservation by running the following command:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var> \ --region=<var translate="no">REGION</var> \ --project=<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var> \ --plan <var translate="no">DURATION</var> \ --type <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var> --resources=vcpu=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var>,memory=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var>,local-ssd=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var> \ --resources-accelerator=count=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var>,type=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var> \ --custom-end-time=<var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var> \ --reservation=<var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME</var> \ --reservation-zone=<var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE</var> \ --machine-type=<var translate="no">RESERVED_MACHINE_TYPE</var> \ --require-specific-reservation=<var translate="no">REQUIRE_SPECIFIC_RESERVATION_VALUE</var> \ --vm-count=<var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_RESERVED_VMs</var> \ --accelerator=type=<var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var>,count=<var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var> \ --local-ssd=interface=<var translate="no">INTERFACE_1</var>,size=375 \ --local-ssd=interface=<var translate="no">INTERFACE_2</var>,size=375 \ --minimum-cpu-platform=<var translate="no">MINIMUM_CPU_PLATFORM</var> \ --share-setting=<var translate="no">SHARE_SETTING</var> \ --share-with=<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var>,<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var> </pre></li> <li><p>To create and attach multiple reservations to your commitment, define the reservation's properties using a YAML file and then specify that YAML file in the command that you use to purchase your commitment. Optionally, you can also use this YAML file approach to create and attach a single reservation to your commitment. To create your attached reservations using this approach, do the following:</p> <ol> <li><p>Create the YAML file in the current directory and specify the configuration that you want for each attached reservation. For example, to specify the configuration of a shared reservation shared with two projects that specifies GPUs, two Local SSD disks, and a minimum CPU platform, include the following text in your YAML file:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-yaml" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">- reservation: <var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME</var> reservation_zone: <var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE</var> require_specific_reservation: <var translate="no">REQUIRE_SPECIFIC_RESERVATION_VALUE</var> vm_count: <var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_RESERVED_VMs</var> machine_type: <var translate="no">RESERVED_MACHINE_TYPE</var> accelerator: - count: <var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var> type: <var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var> localssd: - interface: <var translate="no">INTERFACE_1</var> size: 375 - interface: <var translate="no">INTERFACE_2</var> size: 375 project: <var translate="no">OWNER_PROJECT_ID</var> minimum-cpu-platform: <var translate="no">MINIMUM_CPU_PLATFORM</var> share-setting: <var translate="no">SHARE_SETTING</var> share-with: - <var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var> - <var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var> </code></pre> <p>To specify the configuration for multiple reservations, repeat these properties for each reservation that you want to create. You can attach any number of existing reservations that you want to your commitment.</p></li> <li><p>Run the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create</code> command and include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--reservation-from-file</code> flag.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var> \ --region <var translate="no">REGION</var> \ --project <var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var> \ --plan <var translate="no">DURATION</var> \ --type <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var> \ --resources=vcpu=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var>,memory=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var>,local-ssd=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var> \ --resources-accelerator=count=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var>,type=<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var> \ --reservations-from-file=<var translate="no">YAML_FILE</var> </pre></li> </ol></li> </ul> <p>Replace the following with the corresponding properties of the commitment and the attached reservations:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="commitment" data-text=" Commitment " tabindex="-1"> Commitment </h3><ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var></code>: the name of the commitment.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION</var></code>: the region where the commitment is located.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></code>: the ID of the project where you want to purchase the commitment with the attached reservations.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">DURATION</var></code>: the term duration of the commitment, either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">12-month</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">36-month</code>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var></code>: Optional. A custom end date for your term, which must be formatted as <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">YYYY-MM-DD</var></code>. For example, to specify a custom end date of April 20, 2024, format it as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">2024-04-20</code>.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var></code>: the commitment type. The following commitment types provide options for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both:</p> <p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized</code> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized-a3</code> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">accelerator-optimized-a3-mega</code> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized</code> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c2d</code> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c3</code> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute-optimized-c3d</code> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose</code> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-n2</code> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">general-purpose-n2d</code> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">graphics-optimized</code> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">memory-optimized-m3</code> for M3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">storage-optimized-z3</code> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var></code>: the number of vCPUs that you want in your commitment. The number must be a positive integer.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var></code>: the amount, in MB or GB, of memory that you want in your commitment. For example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">10GB</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">10240MB</code>. If you don't specify a unit, Compute Engine uses GB as the unit. You can purchase memory in increments of 0.25 GB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var></code>: the amount, in GB, of Local SSD storage that you want in your commitment. Each Local SSD disk is 375 GB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var></code>: the number of GPUs that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var></code>: the GPU type that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">YAML_FILE</var></code>: The path to the YAML file that contains the configuration of the attached reservations.</p></li> </ul></section> <section><h3 id="attached-reservations" data-text=" Attached reservations " tabindex="-1"> Attached reservations </h3><ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME</var></code>: the name of the attached reservation.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE</var></code>: the zone of the attached reservation.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REQUIRE_SPECIFIC_RESERVATION_VALUE</var></code>: specifies if the attached reservation is a specifically targeted reservation; either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">true</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">false</code>. For more information about specifically targeted reservations, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview#how-reservations-work">How reservations work</a>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_RESERVED_VMS</var></code>: the number of VMs that you want to reserve in the attached reservation.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVED_MACHINE_TYPE</var></code>: the <a href="/compute/docs/machine-types">machine type</a> that you want for the VMs in your attached reservation.</p> <ul> <li>For <strong>predefined</strong> machine types, use the format <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MACHINE_FAMILY</var>-standard-<var translate="no">CPUS</var></code>; for example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-4</code>.</li> <li><p>For <strong>custom</strong> machine types, use the format <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MACHINE_FAMILY</var>-custom-<var translate="no">CPUS</var>-<var translate="no">MEMORY</var></code>; for example <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-custom-4-5120</code>. For a full list of restrictions, read the <a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type#specifications">specifications</a> for custom machine types.</p> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MACHINE_FAMILY</var></code>: the family of machine types; for example, specify <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2</code> for N2 VMs.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CPUS</var></code>: the number of <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">vCPUs</a>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MEMORY</var></code>: the total memory for a reserved VM. Memory must be a multiple of 256 MB and must be supplied in MB; for example, to create an N2 VM with 4 vCPUs and 5 GB of memory, which is 5120 MB, use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-custom-4-5120</code>.</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var></code>: the number of GPUs you want to add, per VM, in the attached reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var></code>: the <a href="/compute/docs/gpus">type of accelerator</a> you want to add in the attached reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">INTERFACE_1</var></code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">INTERFACE_2</var></code>: the type of interface you want the <a href="/compute/docs/disks#localssds">Local SSD disks</a> for each reserved VM to use. Valid options are: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">scsi</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nvme</code>. Each Local SSD disk is 375 GB. Repeat the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">local_ssd</code> parameter for each Local SSD disk that you want to add. You can specify up to 24 Local SSD disks.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">OWNER_PROJECT_ID</var></code>: the ID of the project where you want to purchase the commitment with the attached reservation. Specify this field if you want to share your attached reservation across multiple consumer projects.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MINIMUM_CPU_PLATFORM</var></code>: the minimum CPU platform that you want to specify for the attached reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">SHARE_SETTING</var></code>: the type of sharing for the attached reservation. Specify this field with the value as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">projects</code> if you want to share your attached reservation across multiple consumer projects. Exclude this field if you want create a single-project reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var></code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var></code>: the <a href="/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#identifying_projects">project IDs</a> of the projects that can share this reservation, for example <code translate="no" dir="ltr">project-1</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">project-2</code>. You can include up to 100 consumer projects. These projects must be in the same organization as the owner project. Don't include the ID of the project where you create this reservation, as that project is allowed to consume this reservation by default. Exclude these fields if you want to create a single-project reservation.</p></li> </ul></section> </div> <p>Compute Engine creates the commitment and the attached reservations only if there are enough resources of the specified machine type in the target zone, and sufficient quota, at the time of your request. If your purchase was successful, you see a success message similar to the following:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> Created[https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/your-project/regions/your-region/commitments/your-commitment-name] </pre> <h3 id="examples_for_purchasing_commitments_by_creating_new_reservations_to_attach" data-text="Examples for purchasing commitments by creating new reservations to attach" tabindex="-1">Examples for purchasing commitments by creating new reservations to attach</h3> <p>The following example scenarios and commands show how you can purchase a commitment for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both by creating new reservations to attach to that commitment.</p> <h4 id="example_1_purchase_a_commitment_for_gpus_by_attaching_a_single_new_reservation" data-text="Example 1: Purchase a commitment for GPUs by attaching a single new reservation" tabindex="-1">Example 1: Purchase a commitment for GPUs by attaching a single new reservation</h4> <p>Suppose you want to purchase a commitment <code translate="no" dir="ltr">commitment-01</code> in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region that includes 4 NVIDIA V100 GPUs. You want to create a new reservation <code translate="no" dir="ltr">reservation-01</code> as the attached reservation for those GPUs. Suppose you also want to specify Compute Engine to use those reserved GPUs across 2 <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-32</code> VMs in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code> zone. To purchase this example commitment with its attached reservation, run the following command:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create commitment-01 \ --region=us-central1 \ --project=myproject \ --resources=vcpu=96,memory=624GB \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=4 \ --plan 12-month \ <em>--reservation=reservation-01 \ --reservation-zone=us-central1-a \ --machine-type=n1-standard-32 \ --accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=2 \ --vm-count=2</em> </pre> <h4 id="example_2_purchase_a_commitment_for_gpus_without_committing_to_vcpus_or_memory" data-text="Example 2: Purchase a commitment for GPUs without committing to vCPUs or memory" tabindex="-1">Example 2: Purchase a commitment for GPUs without committing to vCPUs or memory</h4> <p>To commit to and reserve GPUs and Local SSD disks without committing to vCPUs or memory, specify <code translate="no" dir="ltr">0</code> as the value for vCPU and memory quantities. For example, suppose you want to purchase a commitment <code translate="no" dir="ltr">commitment-02</code> for a single NVIDIA P4 GPU in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-west2</code> region. You also want to create a new reservation as the attached reservation and specify Compute Engine to use the reserved GPU on an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-2</code> VM in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-west2-b</code> zone. To purchase this example commitment with its attached reservation, run the following command:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create commitment-02 \ --region=us-west2 \ --project=myproject \ <em>--resources=vcpu=0,memory=0</em> \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-p4,count=1 \ --plan 12-month \ --reservation=reservation-01 \ --reservation-zone=us-west2-b \ --machine-type=n1-standard-2 \ --accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-p4,count=1 \ --vm-count=1 </pre> <h4 id="example_3_purchase_a_commitment_for_gpus_and_local_ssd_disks_by_attaching_multiple_new_reservations" data-text="Example 3: Purchase a commitment for GPUs and Local SSD disks by attaching multiple new reservations" tabindex="-1">Example 3: Purchase a commitment for GPUs and Local SSD disks by attaching multiple new reservations</h4> <p>Suppose you want to purchase a commitment <code translate="no" dir="ltr">commitment-03</code> for 1 NVIDIA V100 GPU and 2 Local SSD disks in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region. You also want to create and attach two reservations in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code> zone. In the first reservation, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-01</code>, you want to reserve 1 <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-2</code> VM with 1 GPU. You want to make <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-01</code> a targeted reservation, which means that you must specifically target that reservation by name to use its reserved VMs. In the second reservation, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-02</code>, you want to reserve 1 <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-8</code> VM with 2 types of attached Local SSD disks.</p> <p>To purchase this example commitment with the attached reservations, first create the YAML file with the properties of both reservations.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> - reservation: res-01 reservation_zone: us-central1-a require_specific_reservation: true vm_count: 1 machine_type: n1-standard-2 accelerator: - count: 1 type: nvidia-tesla-v100 - reservation: res-02 reservation_zone: us-central1-a vm_count: 1 machine_type: n1-standard-8 local_ssd: - interface: scsi size: 375 - interface: nvme size: 375 </pre> <p>After you create the YAML file, to finish purchasing the commitment with its attached reservations, run the following command. Note that the example commitment also contains vCPU and memory resources.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create commitment-03 \ --region=us-central1 \ --project=myproject \ --resources=vcpu=96,memory=624,local-ssd=750 \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=1 \ --plan 12-month \ <em>--reservations-from-file=<var translate="no">YAML_FILE</var></em> </pre></section> <section><h3 id="rest_2" data-text=" REST " tabindex="-1"> REST </h3><p>To create your attached reservations while purchasing your commitment, make a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST</code> request to the <a href="/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/regionCommitments/insert"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">regionCommitments.insert</code> method</a>. In your request, include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">reservations</code> field to define a list of all the new reservations that you want to create and attach. You can attach any number of existing reservations that you want to your commitment.</p> <ul> <li><p>To create your new reservation by manually specifying all the VM properties, include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">instanceProperties</code> field and exclude the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">sourceInstanceTemplate</code> field.</p> <p>For example, to manually specify the configuration of a shared reservation shared with two projects that specifies GPUs, two Local SSD disks, and a minimum CPU platform, make the following request:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>/regions/<var translate="no">REGION</var>/commitments { "name": "<var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var>", "plan": "<var translate="no">DURATION</var>", "type": <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var>, "resources": [ { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var>", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var>", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var>", "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var>", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var>", "type": "LOCAL_SSD" } ], "customEndTimestamp": "<var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var>T<var translate="no">END_TIME</var>Z", "reservations": [ { "name": "<var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME</var>", "specificReservation": { "count": "<var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_RESERVED_VMS</var>", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": "<var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var>", "acceleratorType": "<var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var>" } ], "localSsds": [ { "diskSizeGb": "375", "interface": "<var translate="no">RESERVED_INTERFACE_1</var>" }, { "diskSizeGb": "375", "interface": "<var translate="no">RESERVED_INTERFACE_2</var>" } ], "machineType": "<var translate="no">RESERVED_MACHINE_TYPE</var>", "minCpuPlatform": "<var translate="no">MINIMUM_CPU_PLATFORM</var>" } }, "specificReservationRequired": <var translate="no">REQUIRE_SPECIFIC_RESERVATION_VALUE</var>", "zone": "<var translate="no">RESERVED_ZONE</var>", "shareSettings": { "shareType": "SPECIFIC_PROJECTS", "projectMap": { "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var>": { "projectId": "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var>" }, "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var>": { "projectId": "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var>" } } } } ] } </pre></li> <li><p>To create your new reservation by specifying an instance template, include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">sourceInstanceTemplate</code> field and exclude the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">instanceProperties</code> field.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>/regions/<var translate="no">REGION</var>/commitments { "name": "<var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var>", "plan": "<var translate="no">DURATION</var>", "type": <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var>, "resources": [ { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var>", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var>", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var>", "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var>", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } { "amount": "<var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var>", "type": "LOCAL_SSD" } ], "customEndTimestamp": "<var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var>T<var translate="no">END_TIME</var>Z", "reservations": [ { "name": "<var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME</var>", "specificReservation": { "count": "<var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_RESERVED_VMS</var>", "sourceInstanceTemplate": "projects/<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>/<var translate="no">LOCATION</var>/instanceTemplates/<var translate="no">INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME</var>" }, "specificReservationRequired": <var translate="no">REQUIRE_SPECIFIC_RESERVATION_VALUE</var>", "zone": "<var translate="no">RESERVED_ZONE</var>", "shareSettings": { "shareType": "SPECIFIC_PROJECTS", "projectMap": { "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var>": { "projectId": "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var>" }, "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var>": { "projectId": "<var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var>" } } } } ] } </pre></li> </ul> <p>Replace the following with the corresponding properties of the commitment and the attached reservations:</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="commitment_1" data-text=" Commitment " tabindex="-1"> Commitment </h3><ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var></code>: the name of the commitment.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION</var></code>: the region where the commitment is located.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></code>: the ID of the project where you want to purchase the commitment with the attached reservations.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">DURATION</var></code>: the term duration of the commitment, either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">TWELVE_MONTH</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">THIRTY_SIX_MONTH</code>.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_TYPE</var></code>: the commitment type. The following commitment types provide options for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both:</p> <p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED</code> for A2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED_A3</code> for A3 Edge and High machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCELERATOR_OPTIMIZED_A3_MEGA</code> for A3 Mega machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED</code> for C2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C2D</code> for C2D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C3</code> for C3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">COMPUTE_OPTIMIZED_C3D</code> for C3D machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE</code> for N1 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_N2</code> for N2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GENERAL_PURPOSE_N2D</code> for N2D machine resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">GRAPHICS_OPTIMIZED</code> for G2 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_M3</code> for M3 machine type resources</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">STORAGE_OPTIMIZED_Z3</code> for Z3 machine type resources</li> </ul> </p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_VCPUS</var></code>: the number of vCPUs that you want in your commitment. The number must be a positive integer.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_MEMORY</var></code>: the amount, in MB, of memory that you want in your commitment. For example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">10240MB</code>. You can purchase memory in increments of 256 MB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_LOCAL_SSD</var></code>: the amount, in GB, of Local SSD storage that you want in your commitment. Each Local SSD disk is 375 GB.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var></code>: the number of GPUs that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITTED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var></code>: the GPU type that you want in your commitment.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CUSTOM_END_DATE</var></code>: Optional. A custom end date for your term, which must be formatted as <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">YYYY-MM-DD</var></code>. For example, to specify a custom end date of April 20, 2024, format it as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">2024-04-20</code>.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">END_TIME</var></code>: 12 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7), as an offset of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)</a>. Specify this value only if you specified a custom end date for your commitment. Specify one of the following values:</p> <ul> <li>During daylight saving time: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">07:00:00</code></li> <li>During other times: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">08:00:00</code></li> </ul></li> </ul></section> <section><h3 id="attached-reservations_1" data-text=" Attached reservations " tabindex="-1"> Attached reservations </h3><ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_NAME</var></code>: the name of the attached reservation.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVATION_ZONE</var></code>: the zone of the attached reservation.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REQUIRE_SPECIFIC_RESERVATION_VALUE</var></code>: specifies if the attached reservation is a specifically targeted reservation; either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">true</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">false</code>. For more information about specifically targeted reservations, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview#how-reservations-work">How reservations work</a>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_RESERVED_VMS</var></code>: the number of VMs that you want to reserve in the attached reservation.</li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVED_MACHINE_TYPE</var></code>: the <a href="/compute/docs/machine-types">machine type</a> that you want for the VMs in your attached reservation.</p> <ul> <li>For <strong>predefined</strong> machine types, use the format <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MACHINE_FAMILY</var>-standard-<var translate="no">CPUS</var></code>; for example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-4</code>.</li> <li><p>For <strong>custom</strong> machine types, use the format <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MACHINE_FAMILY</var>-custom-<var translate="no">CPUS</var>-<var translate="no">MEMORY</var></code>; for example <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-custom-4-5120</code>. For a full list of restrictions, read the <a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type#specifications">specifications</a> for custom machine types.</p> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MACHINE_FAMILY</var></code>: the family of machine types; for example, specify <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2</code> for N2 VMs.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CPUS</var></code>: the number of <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">vCPUs</a>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MEMORY</var></code>: the total memory for a reserved VM. Memory must be a multiple of 256 MB and must be supplied in MB; for example, to create an N2 VM with 4 vCPUs and 5 GB of memory, which is 5120 MB, use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-custom-4-5120</code>.</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_COUNT</var></code>: the number of GPUs you want to add, per VM, in the attached reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">RESERVED_ACCELERATOR_TYPE</var></code>: the <a href="/compute/docs/gpus">type of accelerator</a> you want to add in the attached reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">INTERFACE_1</var></code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">INTERFACE_2</var></code>: the type of interface you want the <a href="/compute/docs/disks#localssds">Local SSD disks</a> for each reserved VM to use. Valid options are: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">scsi</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nvme</code>. Each Local SSD disk is 375 GB. Repeat the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">localSsds</code> parameter for each Local SSD disk that you want to add. You can specify up to 24 Local SSD disks.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MINIMUM_CPU_PLATFORM</var></code>: the minimum CPU platform that you want to specify for the attached reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME</var></code>: the name of the instance template that you want to use to create your attached reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">SHARE_SETTING</var></code>: the type of sharing for the attached reservation. Specify this field with the value as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">SPECIFIC_PROJECTS</code> if you want to share your attached reservation across multiple consumer projects. Exclude this field if you want create a single-project reservation.</p></li> <li><p><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1</var></code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2</var></code>: the <a href="/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#identifying_projects">project IDs</a> of the projects that can share this reservation; for example, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">project-1</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">project-2</code>. You can include up to 100 consumer projects. These projects must be in the same organization as the owner project. Don't include the ID of the project where you create this reservation, as that project is allowed to consume this reservation by default. Exclude these fields if you want to create a single-project reservation.</p></li> </ul></section> </div> <p>Compute Engine creates the commitment and the attached reservations only if there are enough resources of the specified machine type in the target zone, and sufficient quota, at the time of your request. If your purchase was successful, Compute Engine returns a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">200</code> status for your REST API request.</p> <h3 id="examples_for_purchasing_commitments_by_creating_new_reservations_to_attach_2" data-text="Examples for purchasing commitments by creating new reservations to attach" tabindex="-1">Examples for purchasing commitments by creating new reservations to attach</h3> <p>The following example scenarios and commands show how you can purchase a commitment for GPUs, Local SSD disks, or both by creating new reservations to attach to that commitment.</p> <h4 id="example_1_purchase_a_commitment_for_gpus_by_attaching_a_single_new_reservation_2" data-text="Example 1: Purchase a commitment for GPUs by attaching a single new reservation" tabindex="-1">Example 1: Purchase a commitment for GPUs by attaching a single new reservation</h4> <p>Suppose you want to purchase a commitment <code translate="no" dir="ltr">commitment-01</code> in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region that includes 4 NVIDIA V100 GPUs. You want to create a new reservation <code translate="no" dir="ltr">reservation-01</code> as the attached reservation for those GPUs. Suppose you also want to specify Compute Engine to use those reserved GPUs across 2 <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-8</code> VMs in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code> zone. To purchase this example commitment with its attached reservation, make the following <code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST</code> request:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/regions/us-central1/commitments { "name": "commitment-01", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "type": "GENERAL_PURPOSE" "resources": [ { "amount": "96", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "638976", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100", "amount": "4", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } ], "reservations": [ { "name": "reservation-01", "specificReservation": { "count": "2", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 2, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-8" } }, "specificReservationRequired": false, "zone": "us-central1-a" } ] } </pre> <h4 id="example_2_purchase_a_commitment_for_gpus_without_committing_to_vcpus_or_memory_2" data-text="Example 2: Purchase a commitment for GPUs without committing to vCPUs or memory" tabindex="-1">Example 2: Purchase a commitment for GPUs without committing to vCPUs or memory</h4> <p>To commit to and reserve GPUs and Local SSD disks without committing to vCPUs or memory, specify <code translate="no" dir="ltr">0</code> as the value for vCPU and memory quantities. For example, suppose you want to purchase a commitment <code translate="no" dir="ltr">commitment-02</code> for a single NVIDIA P4 GPU in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-west2</code> region. You also want to create a new reservation as the attached reservation and specify Compute Engine to use the reserved GPU on an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-2</code> VM in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-west2-b</code> zone. To purchase this example commitment with its attached reservation, make the following <code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST</code> request:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/regions/us-west2/commitments { "name": "commitment-02", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "type": "GENERAL_PURPOSE", "resources": [<em> { "amount": "0", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "0", "type": "MEMORY" },</em> { "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-p4", "amount": "4", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } ], "reservations": [ { "name": "reservation-01", "specificReservation": { "count": "1", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 4, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-p4" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-2" } }, "specificReservationRequired": false, "zone": "us-west2-b" } ] } </pre> <h4 id="example_3_purchase_a_commitment_for_gpus_and_local_ssd_disks_by_attaching_multiple_new_reservations_2" data-text="Example 3: Purchase a commitment for GPUs and Local SSD disks by attaching multiple new reservations" tabindex="-1">Example 3: Purchase a commitment for GPUs and Local SSD disks by attaching multiple new reservations</h4> <p>Suppose you want to purchase a commitment <code translate="no" dir="ltr">commitment-03</code> for 1 NVIDIA V100 GPU and 2 Local SSD disks in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region. You also want to create and attach two reservations in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code> zone. In the first reservation, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-01</code>, you want to reserve 1 <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-2</code> VM with 1 GPU. You want to make <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-01</code> a targeted reservation, which means that you must specifically target that reservation by name to use its reserved VMs. In the second reservation, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">res-02</code>, you want to reserve 1 <code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-8</code> VM with 2 types of attached Local SSD disks. To purchase this example commitment with the attached reservations, make the following <code translate="no" dir="ltr">POST</code> request. Note that the example commitment also contains vCPU and memory resources.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/regions/us-central1/commitments { "name": "commitment-03", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "type": "GENERAL_PURPOSE", "resources": [ { "amount": "96", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "638976", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100", "amount": "1", "type": "ACCELERATOR" }, { "amount": "768000", "type": "LOCAL_SSD" } ], <em>"reservations": [ { "name": "res-01", "specificReservation": { "count": "1", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 1, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-2" } }, "specificReservationRequired": true, "zone": "us-central1-a" }, { "name": "res-02", "specificReservation": { "count": "1", "instanceProperties": { "localSsds": [ { "diskSizeGb": "375", "interface": "SCSI" }, { "diskSizeGb": "375", "interface": "NVME" } ] "machineType": "n1-standard-8" } }, "specificReservationRequired": false, "zone": "us-central1-a" } ]</em> } </pre></section> </div> <p>After you purchase a commitment with attached reservations, the reservations remain active as long as the commitment is active. When your commitment expires, Compute Engine automatically deletes any attached reservations. Deletion of these reservations has no effect on any running VM instances that were tied to those reservations. The running VMs continue to run and you are still charged for those VMs.</p> <p>For the duration of your commitment's term, you cannot delete or resize any attached reservations that contain GPUs, local SSDs, or both. However, you can replace the commitment's existing attached reservations with new ones. For more information on what can and cannot be changed for your attached reservations, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments#modifying_reservations_that_are_attached_to_commitments">Replace reservations that are attached to commitments</a>.</p> <h2 id="purchaselicensecommitment" data-text="Purchase commitments for licenses" tabindex="-1">Purchase commitments for licenses</h2> <p>You can purchase commitments for your licenses if you run your workloads on VMs that use the following operating system (OS) images:</p> <ul> <li><strong>SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) images</strong></li> <li><strong>SLES for SAP images</strong></li> </ul> <p>The CUD percentages that you receive for license commitments of each OS image depends on the number of vCPUs that your VM uses. The following tables show the CUD percentages for each type of software license commitment:</p> <div> <div> <form id="filter-checkboxes-reset"> <div class = "inline-block"> <devsite-select id="filter-os-image-type" label="Choose OS images to filter" column="1"> <select multiple> <option>SLES images</option> <option>SLES for SAP images</option> </select> </devsite-select> </div> <div class = "inline-block"> <button class="clear-all">Clear all</button> </div> </form> </div> <devsite-filter select-el-container-id="filter-os-image-type" checkbox-form-id="filter-checkboxes-reset"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th><strong>License commitment type</strong></th> <th><strong>Number of vCPUs</strong></th> <th><strong>1-year CUD percentage</strong></th> <th><strong>3-year CUD percentage</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody class="list"> <tr> <td><strong>SLES images</strong></td> <td>1-2</td> <td>77%</td> <td>79%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>SLES images</strong></td> <td>3-4</td> <td>54%</td> <td>59%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>SLES images</strong></td> <td>5+</td> <td>45%</td> <td>50%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>SLES for SAP images</strong></td> <td>1-2</td> <td>59%</td> <td>63%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>SLES for SAP images</strong></td> <td>3-4</td> <td>59%</td> <td>63%</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>SLES for SAP images</strong></td> <td>5+</td> <td>59%</td> <td>63%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </devsite-filter> </div> <p>When you purchase a commitment for licenses, the commitment forms a "pool" of licenses that automatically apply to any running VM instances within a selected project in a specified region. The licenses in the commitment are not tied to any one particular VM. When a VM starts, it takes a committed license from the pool, and when the VM stops it returns the license to the pool, where the license can be used by another VM. As long as there are available committed licenses in the pool, you continue to receive discounts for the premium OS usage.</p> <p>For example, if you need to run 10 VMs in two regions (5 VMs in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> and 5 VMs in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-west1</code>) and under the same project ID, you must purchase 5 licenses in each region to cover those running VMs. For each commitment, your committed licenses can apply to any 5 concurrently running VMs at any time during the year in the respective region. You are billed monthly for the commitments regardless of your usage.</p> <p> After you purchase a commitment, your commitment becomes active on the following day at 12 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8, or UTC-7 during daylight saving time). Compute Engine <a href="/resource-manager/docs/project-liens"> maintains a lien on your project</a> for each region in your project where you purchase a commitment. When you purchase a new commitment for any region in your project, Compute Engine associates the lien for that region with the newly created commitment. </p> <p> Between the time of your commitment purchase and its activation time, the status of your commitment remains as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code> (or as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PENDING</code> on the Google Cloud console). After activation, the status of your commitment changes to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code>. For example, suppose you purchase your commitment on January 20th at 10:00 PM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). Compute Engine creates your commitment immediately with its status as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">NOT_YET_ACTIVE</code>. However, your commitment becomes <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVE</code> only on January 21st at 12:00 AM US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7). </p> <p>You can't cancel a license commitment after you purchase it. When your license commitments expire, your running VMs continue to run and you are charged for the licenses at on-demand image prices.</p> <aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> Always verify that committed use discount contracts or commitments for your licenses are in the correct project ID and regions to avoid being double charged. You must purchase your license commitment in the same project and region as the machine using the license. For example, if you purchase your license commitment in Project A, but the running VMs that require the OS images are in Project B, you are charged for the license commitment in Project A and the on-demand image price for the VMs running in Project B.</span></aside> <section class="expandable"> <a class="exw-control expand-control" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewPermissionsHowToGuides" track-type="task" track-name="iamPermissionsExpandable"></a> <h4 class="showalways" id="permissions-required-for-this-task_3" data-text="Permissions required for this task" tabindex="-1">Permissions required for this task</h4> <p>To perform this task, you must have the following <a href="/iam/docs/overview#permissions">permissions</a>: <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">compute.commitments.create</code> to create a license for committed use discounts.</li> </ul> </section> <p>Purchase a license commitment using the Google Cloud console, the Google Cloud CLI, or REST.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_3" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><p>Before you purchase a commitment using the Google Cloud console, select the project that you want to use to purchase the commitment. If discount sharing is enabled for a billing account, you can purchase the commitment using any project from that billing account. After you select the project, perform the following steps:</p> <ol> <li>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>Committed Use Discounts</strong> page. <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/commitments" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="purchaseCommitment" class="button button-primary">Go to the Committed Use Discounts page</a></p></li> <li>Click <strong>Purchase commitment</strong> to purchase a new commitment.</li> <li>Click <strong>New license committed use discount</strong> to purchase a new license commitment.</li> <li><strong>Name</strong> your commitment and choose the <strong>region</strong> where you want it to apply.</li> <li>Choose a <strong>duration</strong> amount of the commitment, either 1 or 3 years.</li> <li>Choose a <strong>License family</strong>.</li> <li>Choose the <strong>License type and quantity</strong>.</li> <li>Choose the <strong>Number of licenses</strong>.</li> <li>Click <strong>Purchase</strong>.</li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_3" data-text="gcloud" tabindex="-1">gcloud</h3><p>Using the gcloud CLI, run the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/commitments/create-license"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud compute commitments create-license</code></a> command to purchase a license commitment.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create-license <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var> \ --license `<var translate="no">LICENSE_URI</var>` --amount <var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_LICENSES</var> \ --cores-per-license <var translate="no">CORES_PER_LICENSE</var> \ --plan <var translate="no">PLAN</var> \ --region <var translate="no">REGION</var> \ </pre> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var></code>: the name for your commitment.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">LICENSE_URI</var></code>: the license URI. For example: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/licenses/sles-sap-12</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_LICENSES</var></code>: the number of licenses you plan to purchase.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CORES_PER_LICENSE</var></code>: the number of cores per license. Enter <code translate="no" dir="ltr">1-2</code> <code translate="no" dir="ltr">3-4</code>, or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">5+</code>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PLAN</var></code>: enter the plan length: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">12-month</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">36-month</code>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION</var></code>: the region where this commitment applies.</li> </ul> <p>For example, the following commitment is for 4 SAP licenses with 3-4 cores per license for 36 months in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create-license commitment-1 --license https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/licenses/sles-12 --amount=4 --cores-per-license=3-4 --plan=36-month --region=us-central1 </pre> <p>For example, the following commitment is for 2 SLES for SAP licenses with 1-2 cores per license for 12 months in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments create-license commitment-2 --license https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/licenses/sles-sap-12 --amount=2 --cores-per-license=1-2 --plan=12-month --region=us-central1 </pre></section> <section><h3 id="rest_3" data-text=" REST " tabindex="-1"> REST </h3><p>Use the <a href="/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/regionCommitments/insert"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">regionCommitments.insert</code> method</a> and include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">licenseResource</code> field to define the license commitment's properties.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr">POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>/regions/<var translate="no">REGION</var>/commitments?requestId=<var translate="no">OPTIONAL_UNIQUE_ID</var> { "name": <var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var>, "plan": <var translate="no">PLAN</var>, "category": "LICENSE", "licenseResource": { "coresPerLicense": <var translate="no">CORES_PER_LICENSE</var>, "amount": <var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_LICENSES</var>, "license": `<var translate="no">LICENSE_URI</var>` } }</pre> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">COMMITMENT_NAME</var></code>: the name for your commitment.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">LICENSE_URI</var></code>: the license URI. For example: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/licenses/sles-sap-12</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">NUMBER_OF_LICENSES</var></code>: the number of licenses you plan to purchase.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">CORES_PER_LICENSE</var></code>: the number of cores per license. Enter <code translate="no" dir="ltr">1-2</code> <code translate="no" dir="ltr">3-4</code>, or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">5+</code>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PLAN</var></code>: enter the plan length: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">12-month</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">36-month</code>.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION</var></code>: the region where this commitment applies.</li> </ul> <p>For example, the following commitment is for 4 SLES for SAP licenses with 3-4 cores per license for 36 months in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1</code> region.</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr">POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/regions/us-central1/commitments { "name": "commitment-3", "plan": "THIRTY_SIX_MONTH", "category": "LICENSE", "licenseResource": { "coresPerLicense": "3-4", "amount": "4", "license": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-sap-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-12" } }</pre></section> </div> <h2 id="recommendations" data-text="Apply committed use discount recommendations" tabindex="-1">Apply committed use discount recommendations</h2> <p>Google Cloud analyzes your VM spending trends with and without a commitment and generates CUDs recommendations. You can use CUD recommendations to optimize your compute costs. You can compare the costs with and without a commitment, and estimate how much you can save each month with a commitment.</p> <p>CUD recommendations are available in the Google Cloud console. The <a href="/recommender/docs">Recommender</a> generates a card with information about your VM usage over the last 30 days. If your VMs show a trend of uncommitted usage over 30 days, the Recommender classifies this as an opportunity to purchase commitments to reduce your VM costs.</p> <p>Usage is considered uncommitted and eligible if the following is true.</p> <ul> <li>The VM was active for the entire duration of the 30 days.</li> <li>The VM's SKU is part of an eligible committed use discount bucket.</li> <li>The VM's usage was not already covered by an existing commitment.</li> </ul> <p>Recommendations are refreshed once per day and take the previous 30 days of usage history into consideration.</p> <p>Recommendations for CUDs are generated by two separate algorithms, which you can select from when purchasing (or accepting) them on the summary card.</p> <ul> <li><em>Stable usage recommendations</em> cover minimum stable usage over time.</li> <li><em>Optimal recommendations</em> are based on overall usage and might cover resources that are not on all the time.</li> </ul> <p>To learn more about how CUD recommendations work, see <a href="/docs/cuds-recommender">Committed use discount Recommender</a>.</p> <h3 id="limitations" data-text="Limitations" tabindex="-1">Limitations</h3> <p>CUD recommendations are available for the CPU and memory component of machine type commitments only. CUD recommendations are not available for Local SSD disks, GPUs, or license commitments.</p> <h3 id="review_and_accept_a_recommendation" data-text="Review and accept a recommendation" tabindex="-1">Review and accept a recommendation</h3> <p>To learn how to purchase the recommended commitments, see <a href="/docs/cuds-recommender#purchasing-recommendations">Purchasing recommendations</a></p> <h3 id="dismiss_a_recommendation" data-text="Dismiss a recommendation" tabindex="-1">Dismiss a recommendation</h3> <p>To learn how to dismiss your commitment recommendations or to restore recommendations that were previously dismissed, see <a href="/docs/cuds-recommender#dismissing-recommendations">Dismissing recommendations</a></p> <h3 id="history_of_recommendations" data-text="History of recommendations" tabindex="-1">History of recommendations</h3> <p>To learn how to view the history of your applied and dismissed commitment recommendations, see <a href="/docs/cuds-recommender#recommendations-history">Viewing the history of recommendations</a>.</p> <h2 id="turning_on_committed_use_discount_sharing" data-text="Enable discount sharing for hardware commitments" tabindex="-1">Enable discount sharing for hardware commitments</h2> <p>By default, hardware resource-based CUDs are applied to the project where you purchased your resource-based commitments and are <em>project-scoped</em> discounts. If you move the project for which you purchased your commitments to a different Cloud Billing account, then you continue to receive the applicable committed use discounts for that project under the new Cloud Billing account.</p> <p>To share the discount for hardware commitments across eligible usage in all projects linked to your <em>Cloud Billing account</em>, enable committed use discount sharing from the Google Cloud console.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Software license commitments are scoped to the project that you purchase them for. You can't share the discount for software license commitments.</span></aside> <p>When you enable committed use discount sharing, the <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/cud-analysis-resource-based#understanding_discount_sharing" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">commitment scope is changed from <strong>Project</strong> to <strong>Billing account</strong></a>. After you change your commitment scope to <em>Billing account</em> by enabling discount sharing, <em>you cannot disable discount sharing</em> to revert back to <em>project</em> scope. Rather, <a href="/support/billing" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Billing Support</a> must perform this action for you.</p> <p>Discount sharing works in conjunction with your attribution configuration. You can choose to use <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#type-proportional" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body"><em>proportional attribution</em></a> or <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#type-prioritized" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body"><em>prioritized attribution</em></a>.</p> <p>Unless you configure your attribution preferences first, when you enable discount sharing, it defaults to using <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#type-proportional" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body"><em>proportional attribution</em></a> for your Compute Engine resource-based commitments.</p> <p>If you want to configure your attribution configuration <em>before you enable discount sharing</em>, see <a href="/docs/cuds-attribution#choose-attribution-resource-based" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">choose attribution for resource-based commitments</a> for more information and how to enable each type of attribution.</p> <section class="expandable"> <a class="exw-control expand-control" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewPermissionsHowToGuides" track-type="task" track-name="iamPermissionsExpandable"></a> <h4 class="showalways" id="permissions-required-for-this-task_4" data-text="Permissions required for this task" tabindex="-1">Permissions required for this task</h4> <p>To perform this task, you must have the following <a href="/iam/docs/overview#permissions">permissions</a>: <p>You need specific permissions on the <em>Cloud Billing account</em> to access billing account information. To update the commitment scope to enable discount sharing, you need a role that includes the following permission on the Cloud Billing account:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">billing.subscriptions.update</code> on the Cloud Billing account</li> </ul> <p>To gain this permission using a predefined role, ask your <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/find-billing-account-administrator" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body"> billing administrator</a> to grant you the <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/billing-access#overview-of-cloud-billing-roles-in-cloud-iam" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body"> Billing Account Administrator</a> role on the Cloud Billing account.</p> </section> <p>Complete the following steps to enable committed use discount sharing:</p> <ol> <li><p>Sign in to your Cloud Billing account in the Google Cloud console.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/billing/overview" target="console" track-type="tutorial" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="button button-primary">Sign in to your Cloud Billing account</a> </p></li> <li><p>At the prompt, <strong>choose the Cloud Billing account</strong> for which you'd like to configure your committed use discounts to use discount sharing. The Billing <em>Overview</em> page opens for the selected Cloud Billing account.</p></li> <li><p>From the Billing navigation menu, select <strong>CUD analysis</strong> to view the Committed use discounts analysis page.</p></li> <li><p>On the <em>Committed use discount analysis</em> page, from the <strong>Commitment type</strong> menu, select <strong>Resource-based commitments</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Below the <em>Resource based commitments</em> report title, locate the <strong>Commitment scope</strong>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Project</strong> scope indicates that discount sharing is <em>not enabled</em> for resource-based committed use discounts. <em>Project-scope</em> discounts are only applied to eligible usage in the project in which the commitments are purchased.</li> <li><strong>Billing account</strong> scope indicates that discount sharing is already enabled for the resource-based commitments. <em>Billing-account-scope</em> commitments apply the committed use discounts across <em>all eligible usage</em> in <em>all projects</em> associated with the Cloud Billing account.</li> </ul></li> <li><p>To change the commitment scope setting, select <strong>Edit</strong>.</p> <ul> <li><p>If the <em>current scope</em> is <strong>Project</strong>, in the text entry box, type <strong>Enable</strong> to enable discount sharing across the billing account, then click <strong>Enable Billing Account Scope</strong> to save your changes.</p> <aside class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong><span> After you change your commitment scope to <em>Billing account</em>, discount sharing is enabled on all of the current and future projects associated with the Cloud Billing account. You cannot disable discount sharing to revert back to <em>Project</em> scope. Rather, <a href="/support/billing" track-type="tasks" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Billing Support</a> must perform this action for you.</span></aside></li> <li><p>If the <em>current scope</em> is <strong>Billing account</strong>, then discount sharing is already enabled. To <em>disable discount sharing</em> and revert to <em>Project</em>-scoped commitments, click <strong>Contact support</strong>.</p></li> </ul></li> </ol> <aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> It can take up to 24 hours for a new discount sharing commitment scope to take effect. After 24 hours, confirm that your billing scope is set to <strong>Billing Account</strong>. If it isn't, contact <a href="/support/billing">Cloud Billing Support</a>.</span></aside> <p>You only need to enable discount sharing on one project-scoped resource-based commitment to affect the scope of all resource-based commitments in the same Cloud Billing account. When you enable committed use discount sharing, your commitment scope changes as follows:</p> <ul> <li>All of your current and active resource-based committed use discounts in all of the projects under the same Cloud Billing account, including those you previously purchased and new ones you purchase in the future, are shared across your Cloud Billing account.</li> <li>When you change your commitment scope configuration, such as creating a new project linked to the Cloud Billing account, or linking an existing project to the Cloud Billing account, the change takes effect on the following day at 12 AM (midnight) US and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8 or UTC-7).</li> <li>If you move the project that had the original commitment to a new Cloud Billing account, your discount sharing settings change. For information on the effects of changing the Cloud Billing account for a project, see <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/modify-project#change_the_billing_account_for_a_project">Change the Cloud Billing account linked to a project</a>.</li> </ul> <p>To get a better understanding of how committed use discounts impact and appear on your bill, see <a href="#understand-your-bill-with-committed-use-discounts">Understand your bill with committed use discounts</a>.</p> <aside class="special"><strong>Important:</strong><span> After you enable discount sharing through the console, you can only disable it with the assistance of Cloud Billing support. If you disable discount sharing with the assistance of Cloud Billing support, all committed use discounts revert to the default setting of applying only to the projects through which with they were purchased. The reverted setting becomes effective at the beginning of the following month.</span></aside> <h2 id="view_your_commitments" data-text="View your commitments" tabindex="-1">View your commitments</h2> <p>View the list of all your commitments in the Google Cloud console, the Google Cloud CLI, or REST.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_4" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><p>In the Google Cloud console, view a list of commitments in the <strong>Committed use discounts</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/commitments" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewCommitment" class="button button-primary">Go to Committed use discounts</a> </p></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_4" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><p>Make a request using the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">commitments list</code> command:</p> <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> gcloud compute commitments list </pre> <p>The tool returns a list of commitments:</p> <p><pre class="devsite-disable-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> NAME REGION END_TIMESTAMP STATUS my-commitment us-east1 2018-03-17T00:00:00.000-07:00 NOT_YET_ACTIVE</pre></p></section> <section><h3 id="rest_4" data-text=" REST " tabindex="-1"> REST </h3><p>You can get a list of commitments across all regions by making an <a href="/compute/docs/reference/latest/regionCommitments/aggregatedList"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">aggregatedList</code> request</a> to the following URL:</p> <pre class="prettyprint" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>/aggregated/commitments </code></pre> <p>Which returns a list of commitments:</p> <p><pre class="devsite-disable-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr"> "commitments": [ { "kind": "compute#commitment", "id": "3294122326373778983", "creationTimestamp": "2017-02-09T15:18:32.411-08:00", "name": "example-commitment", "region": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/regions/us-central1", "selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/regions/us-central1/commitments/example-commitment", "status": "NOT_YET_ACTIVE", "statusMessage": "The commitment is not yet active (its startTimestamp is in the future). It will not apply to current resource usage.", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "startTimestamp": "2017-02-10T00:00:00.000-08:00", "endTimestamp": "2018-02-10T00:00:00.000-08:00", "resources": [ { "type": "VCPU", "amount": "5" }, { "type": "MEMORY", "amount": "32500" }] } ]</pre></p></section> </div> <h2 id="modify_a_commitment" data-text="Modify a commitment" tabindex="-1">Modify a commitment</h2> <p>You can modify your active commitments in the following ways:</p> <ul> <li>You can change the auto-renew status for your commitment. For more information, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically">Renew commitments automatically</a>.</li> <li>You can extend your commitment's term length beyond the preset 1 or 3 years by specifying a custom end date for your commitment. For more information, see <a href="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term">Extend the term duration of commitments</a>.</li> <li>You can modify the amount of resources in your hardware commitments by either merging or splitting your existing commitments. For more information, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments">Merge and split commitments</a>.</li> <li>You can upgrade the term of your 1-year hardware commitments and convert them into 3-year commitments. For more information, see <a href="/compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term">Upgrade the term of commitments</a></li> <li>You can change the Cloud Billing account that is linked to, and pays for, the project where you purchased your resource-based commitments. <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/modify-project#change_the_billing_account_for_a_project">Learn about changing the Cloud Billing account for a project</a>.</li> </ul> <p>After you create the commitment, you can't modify the commitment's project, type, or region.</p> <h2 id="cancel-a-commitment" data-text="Cancel a commitment" tabindex="-1">Cancel a commitment</h2> <p>After you create a commitment, you can't cancel it. You must pay the agreed upon monthly amount for the duration of the commitment. Commitments are not affected by future pricing changes to the <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">standard prices</a> for Compute Engine resources.</p> <p>If you accidentally purchased a commitment or made a mistake configuring your commitment, then contact <a href="/support/billing">Cloud Billing support</a> for help.</p> <h2 id="understand-your-bill-with-committed-use-discounts" data-text="Understand your bill with committed use discounts" tabindex="-1">Understand your bill with committed use discounts</h2> <p>Read the following documents to gain a better understanding of your billing:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/billing/docs/how-to/cost-table">View and download the cost details of your invoice or statement</a>.</li> <li><a href="/billing/docs/how-to/cud-analysis">Analyze the effectiveness of your committed use discounts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/billing/docs/how-to/cost-breakdown">Understand your savings with cost breakdown reports</a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id="support" data-text="Support" tabindex="-1">Support</h2> <p>If you have any questions regarding committed use discounts on your bill, you can <a href="https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/6282346?ref_topic=3473162">contact Google Cloud support</a>.</p> <h2 id="whats_next" data-text="What's next" tabindex="-1">What's next</h2> <ul> <li>Learn how to <a href="/compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically">renew resource-based commitments automatically</a>.</li> <li>Learn how to <a href="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term">extend the term length of resource-based commitments</a>.</li> <li>Learn how to <a href="/compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term">upgrade the term of resource-based commitments</a>.</li> <li>Learn how to <a href="/compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments">merge and split resource-based commitments</a>.</li> <li>Learn how to <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/cud-analysis-resource-based">analyze the effectiveness of your resource-based CUDs</a>.</li> <li>Review the <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">prices of your resources with and without CUDs</a>.</li> </ul> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="4a78eE2Yw0j6coqRkdD0UcJAGSiv" listnr-id="81820"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Compute Engine Documentation" product-id="81820" bucket="documentation" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20241114-r00-rc02.464922260396498922" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" class="nocontent" project-feedback-url="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=187134&template=0" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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