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<li id="toc-Carl_Anton_Larsen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carl_Anton_Larsen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Carl Anton Larsen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carl_Anton_Larsen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ernest_Shackleton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ernest_Shackleton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ernest Shackleton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ernest_Shackleton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Falklands_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falklands_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Falklands War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falklands_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Current situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grytviken</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грютвикен – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Грютвикен" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%86" title="غريتفيكن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غريتفيكن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qryotviken" title="Qryotviken – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qryotviken" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грутвікен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грутвікен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грутвікен – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грутвікен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грютвикен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грютвикен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Γκρυτβίκεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκρυτβίκεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="گریت‌ویکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گریت‌ویکن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%BC%84" title="그리트비켄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리트비켄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utkusivik" title="Utkusivik – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Utkusivik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грютвикен – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грютвикен" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="גריטוויקן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גריטוויקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грютвикен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грютвикен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griutvikenas" title="Griutvikenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Griutvikenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रिटविकेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रिटविकेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%83%93%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3" title="グリトビケン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グリトビケン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грютвикен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грютвикен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гритвикен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гритвикен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99" title="กริตวีเคน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กริตวีเคน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Грютвікен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грютвікен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گریتویکین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گریتویکین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grytviken" title="Grytviken – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Grytviken" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E8%82%AF" title="古利德維肯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古利德維肯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grytviken&params=54_16_53_S_36_30_29_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°16′53″S</span> <span class="longitude">36°30′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.28139°S 36.50806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-54.28139; -36.50806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, United Kingdom</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Grytviken</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken20090110-IMG_0743_(16094671225).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grytviken20090110-IMG_0743_%2816094671225%29.jpg/250px-Grytviken20090110-IMG_0743_%2816094671225%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grytviken20090110-IMG_0743_%2816094671225%29.jpg/375px-Grytviken20090110-IMG_0743_%2816094671225%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grytviken20090110-IMG_0743_%2816094671225%29.jpg/500px-Grytviken20090110-IMG_0743_%2816094671225%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_and_KEP_location.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Grytviken and King Edward Point"><img alt="Location of Grytviken and King Edward Point" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Grytviken_and_KEP_location.svg/250px-Grytviken_and_KEP_location.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Grytviken_and_KEP_location.svg/375px-Grytviken_and_KEP_location.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Grytviken_and_KEP_location.svg/500px-Grytviken_and_KEP_location.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3635" data-file-height="2116" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Grytviken and King Edward Point</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grytviken&params=54_16_53_S_36_30_29_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°16′53″S</span> <span class="longitude">36°30′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.28139°S 36.50806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-54.28139; -36.50806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="375" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disestablished</th><td class="infobox-data">1966</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 <span style="font-size:85%;">(summer)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%922" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−2">UTC−2</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%922:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−2:00">GST</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grytviken</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GRIT</span>-vee-kən</i></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Norwegian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="no-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[ˈɡɾŷːtviːkn̩]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlet</a> on <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia" title="South Georgia">South Georgia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic">South Atlantic</a>. Formerly a <a href="/wiki/Whaling_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling station">whaling station</a>, it was the largest settlement on the island. Grytviken is located at the head of <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Cove" title="King Edward Cove">King Edward Cove</a> within the larger <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_East_Bay" title="Cumberland East Bay">Cumberland East Bay</a>, considered the best harbour on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location's name, meaning "pot bay", was coined in 1902 by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a> and documented by the surveyor <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gunnar_Andersson" title="Johan Gunnar Andersson">Johan Gunnar Andersson</a>, after the expedition found old English <a href="/wiki/Try_pot" title="Try pot">try pots</a> used to render <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> oil at the site. Settlement was re-established on 16 November 1904 by Norwegian Antarctic explorer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">Carl Anton Larsen</a> on the long-used site of former whaling settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grytviken is built on a substantial area of sheltered, flat land and has a good supply of fresh water. Although it was the largest settlement on South Georgia, the island's administration was based at the nearby <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a> research station at <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a>. The whaling station closed in December 1966 when dwindling whale stocks made it financially unviable. </p><p>Grytviken no longer has permanent residents but occasionally accommodates researchers and British administrative and military personnel. It is also temporarily inhabited during summer months by a few staff who manage the <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Museum" title="South Georgia Museum">South Georgia Museum</a>. The settlement has become a popular attraction for Antarctic cruise lines, with many tourists visiting the resting places of polar explorers <a href="/wiki/Sir_Ernest_Shackleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Ernest Shackleton">Sir Ernest Shackleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Frank Wild</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Anglican_Church,_Grytviken#Grytviken_Cemetery" title="Norwegian Anglican Church, Grytviken">Grytviken's graveyard</a>. Grytviken is located 900 m west of <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">administrative capital</a> of South Georgia and its only remaining continuously inhabited settlement. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carl_Anton_Larsen">Carl Anton Larsen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Carl Anton Larsen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The settlement at Grytviken was established on 16 November 1904 by the Norwegian sea captain <a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">Carl Anton Larsen</a>, as a whaling station for his <i><a href="/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Argentina_de_Pesca" title="Compañía Argentina de Pesca">Compañía Argentina de Pesca</a></i> (Argentine Fishing Company).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was successful, with 195 whales taken in the first season. The whalers used every part of the animals – the blubber, meat, bones and viscera were rendered to extract the oil, and the bones and meat were turned into fertiliser and fodder. <a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Elephant seals</a> were also hunted for their blubber. Around 300 men worked at the station during its heyday, operating during the southern summer from October to March. A few remained over the winter to maintain the boats and factory. Every few months a transport ship would bring essential supplies to the station and take away the oil and other produce. The following year the <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine Government</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">meteorological station</a>. </p><p>Carl Anton Larsen, the founder of Grytviken, was a naturalised Briton born in <a href="/wiki/Sandefjord" title="Sandefjord">Sandefjord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. In his application for British citizenship, filed with the magistrate of South Georgia and granted in 1910, Captain Larsen wrote: "I have given up my Norwegian citizen's rights and have resided here since I started whaling in this colony on the 16 November 1904 and have no reason to be of any other citizenship than British, as I have had and intend to have my residence here still for a long time." His family in Grytviken included his wife, three daughters and two sons. </p><p>As the manager of Compañía Argentina de Pesca, Larsen organised the construction of Grytviken, a remarkable undertaking accomplished by a team of sixty Norwegians between their arrival on 16 November and commencement of production at the newly built whale-oil factory on 24 December 1904. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Grytviken_hg.jpg/220px-Grytviken_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Grytviken_hg.jpg/330px-Grytviken_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Grytviken_hg.jpg/440px-Grytviken_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="1954" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a> station Grytviken in 1989.</figcaption></figure> <p>Larsen chose the whaling station's site during his 1902 visit while in command of the ship <i>Antarctic</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a> (1901–03) led by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld" title="Otto Nordenskjöld">Otto Nordenskjöld</a>. On that occasion, the name Grytviken ("The Pot Cove") was given by the Swedish archaeologist and geologist <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gunnar_Andersson" title="Johan Gunnar Andersson">Johan Gunnar Andersson</a> who surveyed part of <a href="/wiki/Thatcher_Peninsula" title="Thatcher Peninsula">Thatcher Peninsula</a> and found numerous artefacts and features from sealers' habitation and industry, including a shallop (a type of small boat) and several try pots used to boil seal oil.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Headland1992_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Headland1992-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hart2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of those try pots, having the inscription "Johnson and Sons, Wapping Dock, London" is preserved at the <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Museum" title="South Georgia Museum">South Georgia Museum</a> in Grytviken.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Managers and other senior officers of the whaling stations often had their families living together with them. Among them was Fridthjof Jacobsen whose wife Klara Olette Jacobsen gave birth to two of their children in Grytviken; their daughter <a href="/wiki/Solveig_Gunbj%C3%B8rg_Jacobsen" title="Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen">Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen</a> was the first child ever born and raised south of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a>, on 8 October 1913. Several more children have been born on South Georgia: recently even aboard visiting private yachts. </p><p>The whale population in the seas around the island was substantially reduced over the following sixty years until the station closed in December 1966, by which time the whale stocks were so low that their continued exploitation was unviable. Even now, the shore around Grytviken is littered with whale bones and the rusting remains of whale oil processing plants and abandoned whaling ships. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ernest_Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ernest Shackleton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Georgia_Ernest_Shackleton_grave_in_Grytviken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/South_Georgia_Ernest_Shackleton_grave_in_Grytviken.jpg/220px-South_Georgia_Ernest_Shackleton_grave_in_Grytviken.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/South_Georgia_Ernest_Shackleton_grave_in_Grytviken.jpg/330px-South_Georgia_Ernest_Shackleton_grave_in_Grytviken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/South_Georgia_Ernest_Shackleton_grave_in_Grytviken.jpg/440px-South_Georgia_Ernest_Shackleton_grave_in_Grytviken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a>'s grave in Grytviken.</figcaption></figure> <p>Grytviken is closely associated with the explorer <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Sir Ernest Shackleton</a>. Shackleton's <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a> set out from London on 1 August 1914, to reach the <a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a> on 10 January 1915, where the pack ice closed in on their ship, <a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)"><i>Endurance</i></a>. The ship was broken by the ice on 27 October 1915. The 28 crew members managed to flee to <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Island" title="Elephant Island">Elephant Island</a> off Antarctica, bringing three small boats with them. Shackleton and five other men managed to reach the southern coast of South Georgia in <a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_the_James_Caird" title="Voyage of the James Caird"><i>James Caird</i></a>. They arrived at <a href="/wiki/Cave_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave Cove">Cave Cove</a>, and camped at <a href="/wiki/Peggotty_Bluff" class="mw-redirect" title="Peggotty Bluff">Peggotty Bluff</a>, from where they trekked to <a href="/wiki/Stromness,_South_Georgia" title="Stromness, South Georgia">Stromness</a> on the northeast coast. From Grytviken, Shackleton organised a rescue operation to bring home the remaining men. </p><p>He again returned to Grytviken during the <a href="/wiki/Shackleton%E2%80%93Rowett_Expedition" title="Shackleton–Rowett Expedition">Shackleton–Rowett Expedition</a> and this is where he died, aged just 47, shortly after New Year's Day, prior to the expedition heading south to Antarctica. His widow chose South Georgia as his final resting place so this is where he remained. His grave is located south of Grytviken, alongside those of whalers who had died on the island. </p><p>On 27 November 2011, the ashes of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Frank Wild</a>, Shackleton's "right-hand man," were interred on the right side of Shackleton's grave-site. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads "Frank Wild 1873–1939, Shackleton's right-hand man." Wild's relatives and Shackleton's only granddaughter, Alexandra Shackleton, attended a service conducted by Richard Hines, rector of the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>. The writer Angie Butler discovered the ashes in the vault of <a href="/wiki/Braamfontein" title="Braamfontein">Braamfontein</a> Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, while researching her book <i>The Quest for Frank Wild</i>. She said "His ashes will now be where they were always supposed to be. It just took them a long time getting there."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Falklands_War">Falklands War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Falklands War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grytviken" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Grytviken">Battle of Grytviken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Paraquet" title="Operation Paraquet">Operation Paraquet</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, Grytviken was captured by Argentine forces in early April 1982 following a brief battle with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>. The Royal Marines, <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">SBS</a> retook the settlement three weeks later without a shot being fired in return.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Supported by the corvette <a href="/wiki/ARA_Guerrico" title="ARA Guerrico">ARA <i>Guerrico</i></a> on 3 April 1982, <a href="/wiki/ARA_Bah%C3%ADa_Para%C3%ADso" title="ARA Bahía Paraíso">ARA <i>Bahía Paraíso</i></a> landed a party of Argentine marines who <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grytviken" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Grytviken">attacked the platoon of 22 Royal Marines deployed at Grytviken</a>. The two-hour battle resulted in ARA <i>Guerrico</i> being damaged and an Argentine <a href="/wiki/Aerospatiale_Puma" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospatiale Puma">Puma</a> helicopter shot down. The Argentine forces sustained three men killed and a similar number of wounded, with one wounded on the British side. The British commanding officer Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Keith_Mills_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="Keith Mills (Royal Marines officer)">Keith Mills</a> was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> for the defence of South Georgia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While the British magistrate and other civilians and military present in Grytviken were removed from South Georgia, another 15 Britons remained beyond Argentine reach. The losses suffered at Grytviken prevented Argentina from occupying the rest of the island,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with <a href="/wiki/Bird_Island,_South_Georgia" title="Bird Island, South Georgia">Bird Island</a> base, and field camps at <a href="/wiki/Schlieper_Bay" title="Schlieper Bay">Schlieper Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyell_Glacier,_South_Georgia" title="Lyell Glacier, South Georgia">Lyell Glacier</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Bay,_South_Georgia" title="St Andrews Bay, South Georgia">St. Andrew's Bay</a> remaining under British control. </p><p>On 25 April, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> damaged and captured the Argentine submarine <a href="/wiki/ARA_Santa_Fe_(S-21)" title="ARA Santa Fe (S-21)">ARA <i>Santa Fe</i></a> at South Georgia. The Argentine garrison in Grytviken surrendered without returning fire. The following day the detachment in <a href="/wiki/Leith_Harbour" title="Leith Harbour">Leith Harbour</a> commanded by Captain <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Astiz" title="Alfredo Astiz">Alfredo Astiz</a> also surrendered. One prisoner, Felix Artuso, was shot when guards mistakenly believed he was trying to sabotage <i>Santa Fe</i>, and was buried at <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Anglican_Church,_Grytviken#Grytviken_Cemetery" title="Norwegian Anglican Church, Grytviken">Grytviken Cemetery</a>. The Argentine personnel were removed from the <a href="/wiki/South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Sandwich Islands">South Sandwich Islands</a> by HMS <i>Endurance</i> on 20 June. Due to evidence of an unauthorised visit, the closed station <a href="/wiki/Corbeta_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Corbeta Uruguay">Corbeta Uruguay</a> was destroyed in January 1983.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_situation">Current situation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Grytviken_museum.jpg/220px-Grytviken_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Grytviken_museum.jpg/330px-Grytviken_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Grytviken_museum.jpg/440px-Grytviken_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Museum" title="South Georgia Museum">South Georgia Museum</a>, Grytviken</figcaption></figure> <p>Along with the surrounding area, the station has been declared an Area of Special Tourist Interest (ASTI). </p><p>Grytviken is a popular stop for cruise ships visiting Antarctica, and tourists usually land to visit Shackleton's grave. The <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Museum" title="South Georgia Museum">South Georgia Museum</a> is housed in the manager's house of the former whaling station, and is open during the summer tourist season. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Anglican_Church,_Grytviken" title="Norwegian Anglican Church, Grytviken">station's church</a> is the only building which retains its original purpose; it is still used occasionally for services. There have been several marriages in Grytviken, the first being registered on 24 February 1932, between A.G.N. Jones and Vera Riches. </p><p>On 28 January 2007, a service was conducted in remembrance of Anders Hansen (a Norwegian whaler buried at Grytviken Cemetery in 1943) and to celebrate his great-great-grandson Axel Wattø Eide's baptism occurring in Oslo the same day. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama view of Grytviken"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Grytviken_Panorama.jpg/900px-Grytviken_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Grytviken_Panorama.jpg/1350px-Grytviken_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Grytviken_Panorama.jpg/1800px-Grytviken_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4776" data-file-height="1587" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Grytviken Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama view of Grytviken</div></div></div> <p>Multiple wrecks dot Grytviken, and its environs.<sup id="cite_ref-SsubmergedGrytvikenWhalecatchers_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SsubmergedGrytvikenWhalecatchers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-histarmar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-histarmar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ships <a href="/wiki/Petrel_(1928_ship)" title="Petrel (1928 ship)"><i>Petrel</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_(trawler)" title="Viola (trawler)"><i>Dias</i></a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albatross_(1921_ship)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albatross (1921 ship) (page does not exist)"><i>Albatross</i></a> were beached, and left to rust, after decades of service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia#Geography_and_fauna" title="South Georgia">South Georgia § Geography and fauna</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grytviken and King Edward Point have a <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>ET</i>) with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The highest temperature ever recorded at Grytviken/King Edward Point was 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) on 10 March 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Grytviken/<a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a> (normals and extremes 2006–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.0<br />(14.0) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.1<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.5<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.1<br />(4.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114<br />(4.5) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #28FF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #2FFF2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #20FF20; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #20FF20; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,394<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">154 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127 </td> <td style="background: #7C7C7C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #3E3E3E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">34 </td> <td style="background: #161616; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #282828; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #878787; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Meteomanz<sup id="cite_ref-Meteomanz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meteomanz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-Martínez (precipitation 1901–1950)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DMI/Danish Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-GrytvikenDMI_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrytvikenDMI-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Météo Climat (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Grytviken/King Edward Point (normals and extremes 1901–1950, sunshine 1931–1960) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.8<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.4<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.6<br />(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.2<br />(−2.6) </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.4<br />(−1.1) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.2<br />(−2.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114<br />(4.5) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #28FF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #2FFF2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #20FF20; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #20FF20; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,394<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">154 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127 </td> <td style="background: #7C7C7C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #3E3E3E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">34 </td> <td style="background: #161616; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #282828; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #878787; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-Martínez<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: DMI/Danish Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-GrytvikenDMI_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrytvikenDMI-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_Harbour,_Island_of_South_Georgia,_United_Kingdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grytviken Harbour, showing the whaling station, church and cemetery with Shackleton's grave"><img alt="Grytviken Harbour, showing the whaling station, church and cemetery with Shackleton's grave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Grytviken_Harbour%2C_Island_of_South_Georgia%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg/270px-Grytviken_Harbour%2C_Island_of_South_Georgia%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Grytviken_Harbour%2C_Island_of_South_Georgia%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg/405px-Grytviken_Harbour%2C_Island_of_South_Georgia%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Grytviken_Harbour%2C_Island_of_South_Georgia%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg/540px-Grytviken_Harbour%2C_Island_of_South_Georgia%2C_United_Kingdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grytviken Harbour, showing the whaling station, church and cemetery with Shackleton's grave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whaling_and_Sealing_Ships_at_Grytviken,_South_Georgia_(5686062332).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Whaling and sealing ships at Grytviken"><img alt="Whaling and sealing ships at Grytviken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Whaling_and_Sealing_Ships_at_Grytviken%2C_South_Georgia_%285686062332%29.jpg/294px-Whaling_and_Sealing_Ships_at_Grytviken%2C_South_Georgia_%285686062332%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Whaling_and_Sealing_Ships_at_Grytviken%2C_South_Georgia_%285686062332%29.jpg/441px-Whaling_and_Sealing_Ships_at_Grytviken%2C_South_Georgia_%285686062332%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Whaling_and_Sealing_Ships_at_Grytviken%2C_South_Georgia_%285686062332%29.jpg/587px-Whaling_and_Sealing_Ships_at_Grytviken%2C_South_Georgia_%285686062332%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5480" data-file-height="3360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Whaling_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling ship">Whaling</a> and sealing ships at Grytviken</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken-Location.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thatcher Peninsula with King Edward Cove and Grytviken."><img alt="Thatcher Peninsula with King Edward Cove and Grytviken." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grytviken-Location.jpg/257px-Grytviken-Location.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grytviken-Location.jpg/386px-Grytviken-Location.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grytviken-Location.jpg/514px-Grytviken-Location.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="1516" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thatcher_Peninsula" title="Thatcher Peninsula">Thatcher Peninsula</a> with <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Cove" title="King Edward Cove">King Edward Cove</a> and Grytviken.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Norwegian Church in Grytviken (built in 1913)."><img alt="The Norwegian Church in Grytviken (built in 1913)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grytviken_church.jpg/240px-Grytviken_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grytviken_church.jpg/360px-Grytviken_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grytviken_church.jpg/480px-Grytviken_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Anglican_Church,_Grytviken" title="Norwegian Anglican Church, Grytviken">Norwegian Church</a> in Grytviken (built in 1913).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grytviken_settlement.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grytviken's abandoned whaling station"><img alt="Grytviken's abandoned whaling station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grytviken_settlement.jpg/272px-Grytviken_settlement.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grytviken_settlement.jpg/408px-Grytviken_settlement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grytviken_settlement.jpg/544px-Grytviken_settlement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grytviken's abandoned whaling station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meat_Cookery_at_Grytviken_Whaling_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abandoned buildings at Grytviken."><img alt="Abandoned buildings at Grytviken." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Meat_Cookery_at_Grytviken_Whaling_Station.jpg/270px-Meat_Cookery_at_Grytviken_Whaling_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Meat_Cookery_at_Grytviken_Whaling_Station.jpg/405px-Meat_Cookery_at_Grytviken_Whaling_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Meat_Cookery_at_Grytviken_Whaling_Station.jpg/540px-Meat_Cookery_at_Grytviken_Whaling_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abandoned buildings at Grytviken.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Museum" title="South Georgia Museum">South Georgia Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">Carl Anton Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Esbensen" title="Viktor Esbensen">Viktor Esbensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solveig_Gunbj%C3%B8rg_Jacobsen" title="Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen">Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holskjær, Lars (2017). <i>Kamper uten tall</i>. Forlagshuset i Vestfold. Page 225. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788293407294" title="Special:BookSources/9788293407294">9788293407294</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Headland, Robert (1992). <i>The Island of South Georgia</i>. CUP Archive. Page 130. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521424745" title="Special:BookSources/9780521424745">9780521424745</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142228/http://www.hvalfangstmuseet.no/en/the-beginnings/">"The Beginnings"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hvalfangstmuseet.no/en/the-beginnings/">the original</a> on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Beginnings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hvalfangstmuseet.no%2Fen%2Fthe-beginnings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.K. Headland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZ04AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Island of South Georgia</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-25274-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-25274-1">0-521-25274-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersson1944" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Andersson, Johann Gunnar (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-om/web/object/195094"><i>Antarctic</i></a> (in Swedish). Stockholm: Saxon & Lindström. p. 192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antarctic&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Saxon+%26+Lindstr%C3%B6m&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Andersson&rft.aufirst=Johann+Gunnar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.smvk.se%2Fcarlotta-om%2Fweb%2Fobject%2F195094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Headland1992-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Headland1992_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Headland1992" class="citation book cs1">Robert Headland (21 May 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZ04AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63"><i>The Island of South Georgia</i></a>. CUP Archive. pp. 63–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42474-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42474-5"><bdi>978-0-521-42474-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+of+South+Georgia&rft.pages=63-&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1992-05-21&rft.isbn=978-0-521-42474-5&rft.au=Robert+Headland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlZ04AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hart2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hart2001_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_B._Hart2001" class="citation book cs1">Ian B. Hart (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSIYAQAAIAAJ"><i>Pesca: The History of Compañia Argentina de Pesca Sociedad Anónima of Buenos Aires : an Account of the Pioneer Modern Whaling and Sealing Company in the Antarctic</i></a>. Aidan Ellis. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85628-299-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85628-299-7"><bdi>978-0-85628-299-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pesca%3A+The+History+of+Compa%C3%B1ia+Argentina+de+Pesca+Sociedad+An%C3%B3nima+of+Buenos+Aires+%3A+an+Account+of+the+Pioneer+Modern+Whaling+and+Sealing+Company+in+the+Antarctic&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Aidan+Ellis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-85628-299-7&rft.au=Ian+B.+Hart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSIYAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Antarctic Survey (1962), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n38aAQAAIAAJ&q=%22The+Pot+Cove%22+Andersson"><i>Scientific reports</i></a>, vol. 101–105, British Antarctic Survey, p. 44, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10362390">10362390</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128051949/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/antarctica/8917630/Forgotten-hero-of-Antarctic-exploration-finally-laid-to-rest-beside-his-boss-Sir-Ernest-Shackleton.html">"Forgotten hero Frank Wild of Antarctic exploration finally laid to rest, beside his 'boss' Sir Ernest Shackleton"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i>. London, UK. 27 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/antarctica/8917630/Forgotten-hero-of-Antarctic-exploration-finally-laid-to-rest-beside-his-boss-Sir-Ernest-Shackleton.html">the original</a> on 28 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=Forgotten+hero+Frank+Wild+of+Antarctic+exploration+finally+laid+to+rest%2C+beside+his+%27boss%27+Sir+Ernest+Shackleton&rft.date=2011-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fantarctica%2F8917630%2FForgotten-hero-of-Antarctic-exploration-finally-laid-to-rest-beside-his-boss-Sir-Ernest-Shackleton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SsubmergedGrytvikenWhalecatchers-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SsubmergedGrytvikenWhalecatchers_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.submerged.co.uk/category/special-reports/wreck-walks/gritviken/">"Grytviken Whalecatchers"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Submerged.co.uk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submerged.co.uk (page does not exist)">Submerged.co.uk</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>She was one of the first whale catchers to have a catwalk so that the gunner could run from the bridge to the harpoon gun.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Submerged.co.uk&rft.atitle=Grytviken+Whalecatchers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.submerged.co.uk%2Fcategory%2Fspecial-reports%2Fwreck-walks%2Fgritviken%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-histarmar-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-histarmar_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Balleneros/12Wrecks/South%20Georgia%20Island%20Environmental%20Website%20-%20Historywrecks.htm">"Wrecks - South Georgia"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Maritime_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentine Maritime History (page does not exist)">Argentine Maritime History</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>The three small sealers and whale-catchers lie half submerged at the Grytviken jetties.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Argentine+Maritime+History&rft.atitle=Wrecks+-+South+Georgia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histarmar.com.ar%2FBalleneros%2F12Wrecks%2FSouth%2520Georgia%2520Island%2520Environmental%2520Website%2520-%2520Historywrecks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_69d70281-b736-4f51-8864-88f88597fb27/">Remarkable Temperatures in the Argentine and South Georgia</a></i>. Meteorological Magazine. 57 (6): 138. June 1922.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meteomanz-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meteomanz_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=3140&ind=88903&y1=2006&m1=01&y2=2020&m2=12&so=000&fm=00">"SYNOP/BUFR observations. Data by months"</a>. Meteomanz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SYNOP%2FBUFR+observations.+Data+by+months&rft.pub=Meteomanz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteomanz.com%2Fsy3%3Fl%3D1%26cou%3D3140%26ind%3D88903%26y1%3D2006%26m1%3D01%26y2%3D2020%26m2%3D12%26so%3D000%26fm%3D00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801113052/http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/pdf/ar-georg.pdf">"Temp/Rain 1901–1950"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Globalbioclimatics. April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/pdf/ar-georg.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temp%2FRain+1901%E2%80%931950&rft.pub=Globalbioclimatics&rft.date=2012-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalbioclimatics.org%2Fpdf%2Far-georg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrytvikenDMI-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GrytvikenDMI_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GrytvikenDMI_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCappelenJensen" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf">"South Georgia–Grytviken"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960)</i> (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 242. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Data+for+Selected+Stations+%281931%E2%80%931960%29&rft.atitle=South+Georgia%E2%80%93Grytviken&rft.pages=242&rft.aulast=Cappelen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Jens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.dk%2Fdmi%2Ftr01-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-202.php">"Weather extremes for Grytviken"</a>. Météo Climat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+extremes+for+Grytviken&rft.pub=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o+Climat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org%2Fstation-202.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801113052/http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/pdf/ar-georg.pdf">"Temp/Rain 1901–1950"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Globalbioclimatics. April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/pdf/ar-georg.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temp%2FRain+1901%E2%80%931950&rft.pub=Globalbioclimatics&rft.date=2012-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalbioclimatics.org%2Fpdf%2Far-georg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrytviken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grytviken&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grytviken" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grytviken">Grytviken</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://copernix.io/#?where=-36.509083612442055,-54.281312093645205,17&?query=&?map_type=hybrid">Grytviken.</a> Copernix satellite image</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014125543/http://britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/South-Georgia.html">Britain's Small Wars: The Argentine Invasion of South Georgia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/intl/en-GB/streetview/#south-georgia-island/grytviken-whaling-station">Google St View website</a> retrieved Jan 2017</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antarctic.eu/photos-videos-panoramas/antarctic-panoramas/south-georgia/grytviken.html">Virtual tour of Grytviken</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands425" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Template:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Template talk:South Georgia and the South Sandwich 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="375" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Coat of arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Georgians" title="List of South Georgians">List of South Georgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paraquet" title="Operation Paraquet">Operation "Paraquet"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Public holidays in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish_Day" title="Toothfish Day">Toothfish Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Museum" title="South Georgia Museum">South Georgia Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gs" title=".gs">.gs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_South_Georgia" title="Invasion of South Georgia">Invasion of South Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements / Whaling stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Island,_South_Georgia" title="Bird Island, South Georgia">Bird Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grytviken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godthul" title="Godthul">Godthul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husvik" title="Husvik">Husvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Harbour" title="Leith Harbour">Leith Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Harbour" title="Ocean Harbour">Ocean Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Olav_Harbour" title="Prince Olav Harbour">Prince Olav Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromness,_South_Georgia" title="Stromness, South Georgia">Stromness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbeta_Uruguay_base" title="Corbeta Uruguay base">Corbeta Uruguay base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Georgia islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annenkov_Island" title="Annenkov Island">Annenkov Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Island,_South_Georgia" title="Bird Island, South Georgia">Bird Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock,_South_Georgia" title="Black Rock, South Georgia">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rocks,_South_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Rocks, South Georgia">Black Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerke_Rocks" title="Clerke Rocks">Clerke Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Island_(South_Georgia)" title="Cooper Island (South Georgia)">Cooper Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_Island,_South_Georgia" title="Grass Island, South Georgia">Grass Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassholm,_South_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grassholm, South Georgia">Grassholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupriyanov_Islands" title="Kupriyanov Islands">Kupriyanov Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickersgill_Islands" title="Pickersgill Islands">Pickersgill Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prion_Island" title="Prion Island">Prion Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Island,_South_Georgia" title="Saddle Island, South Georgia">Saddle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_Rocks_(South_Georgia)" title="Shag Rocks (South Georgia)">Shag Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="South Georgia Island">South Georgia Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welcome_Islands" title="Welcome Islands">Welcome Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Islands" title="Willis Islands">Willis Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Sandwich Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Island" title="Bristol Island">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montagu_Island" title="Montagu Island">Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Island,_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Saunders Island, South Sandwich Islands">Saunders</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Candlemas_Islands21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Candlemas_Islands" title="Candlemas Islands">Candlemas Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas_Island" title="Candlemas Island">Candlemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindication_Island" title="Vindication Island">Vindication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traversay_Islands" title="Traversay Islands">Traversay Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leskov_Island" title="Leskov Island">Leskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visokoi_Island" title="Visokoi Island">Visokoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavodovski_Island" title="Zavodovski Island">Zavodovski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thule" title="Southern Thule">Southern Thule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Island" title="Bellingshausen Island">Bellingshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Island,_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Cook Island, South Sandwich Islands">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Island" title="Thule Island">Thule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seamounts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protector_Shoal" title="Protector Shoal">Protector Shoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Caldera" title="Kemp Caldera">Kemp Caldera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Peak" title="Admiralty Peak">Admiralty Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allardyce_Range" title="Allardyce Range">Allardyce Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barff_Peninsula" title="Barff Peninsula">Barff Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortuna_Glacier" title="Fortuna Glacier">Fortuna Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Harbour" title="Gold Harbour">Gold Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen_Harbour" title="Larsen Harbour">Larsen Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baume" title="Mount Baume">Mount Baume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Belinda" title="Mount Belinda">Mount Belinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Cunningham" title="Mount Cunningham">Mount Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Paget" title="Mount Paget">Mount Paget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Roots" title="Mount Roots">Mount Roots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orca_Peak" title="Orca Peak">Orca Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggotty_Bluff" class="mw-redirect" title="Peggotty Bluff">Peggotty Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain,_South_Georgia" title="Salisbury Plain, South Georgia">Salisbury Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvesen_Range" title="Salvesen Range">Salvesen Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thule" title="Southern Thule">Southern Thule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcher_Peninsula" title="Thatcher Peninsula">Thatcher Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Isles" title="Bay of Isles">Bay of Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromness_Bay,_South_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stromness Bay, South Georgia">Stromness Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Bay" title="Cumberland Bay">Cumberland Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Possession_Bay" title="Possession Bay">Possession Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busen_Point" title="Busen Point">Busen Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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