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/** * @output wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.js */ /** * Emoji Settings as exported in PHP via _print_emoji_detection_script(). * @typedef WPEmojiSettings * @type {object} * @property {?object} source * @property {?string} source.concatemoji * @property {?string} source.twemoji * @property {?string} source.wpemoji * @property {?boolean} DOMReady * @property {?Function} readyCallback */ /** * Support tests. * @typedef SupportTests * @type {object} * @property {?boolean} flag * @property {?boolean} emoji */ /** * IIFE to detect emoji support and load Twemoji if needed. * * @param {Window} window * @param {Document} document * @param {WPEmojiSettings} settings */ ( function wpEmojiLoader( window, document, settings ) { if ( typeof Promise === 'undefined' ) { return; } var sessionStorageKey = 'wpEmojiSettingsSupports'; var tests = [ 'flag', 'emoji' ]; /** * Checks whether the browser supports offloading to a Worker. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {boolean} */ function supportsWorkerOffloading() { return ( typeof Worker !== 'undefined' && typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && typeof URL !== 'undefined' && URL.createObjectURL && typeof Blob !== 'undefined' ); } /** * @typedef SessionSupportTests * @type {object} * @property {number} timestamp * @property {SupportTests} supportTests */ /** * Get support tests from session. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {?SupportTests} Support tests, or null if not set or older than 1 week. */ function getSessionSupportTests() { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = JSON.parse( sessionStorage.getItem( sessionStorageKey ) ); if ( typeof item === 'object' && typeof item.timestamp === 'number' && new Date().valueOf() < item.timestamp + 604800 && // Note: Number is a week in seconds. typeof item.supportTests === 'object' ) { return item.supportTests; } } catch ( e ) {} return null; } /** * Persist the supports in session storage. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {SupportTests} supportTests Support tests. */ function setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ) { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = { supportTests: supportTests, timestamp: new Date().valueOf() }; sessionStorage.setItem( sessionStorageKey, JSON.stringify( item ) ); } catch ( e ) {} } /** * Checks if two sets of Emoji characters render the same visually. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.9.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} set1 Set of Emoji to test. * @param {string} set2 Set of Emoji to test. * * @return {boolean} True if the two sets render the same. */ function emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, set1, set2 ) { // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set1, 0, 0 ); var rendered1 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set2, 0, 0 ); var rendered2 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); return rendered1.every( function ( rendered2Data, index ) { return rendered2Data === rendered2[ index ]; } ); } /** * Determines if the browser properly renders Emoji that Twemoji can supplement. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} type Whether to test for support of "flag" or "emoji". * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {boolean} True if the browser can render emoji, false if it cannot. */ function browserSupportsEmoji( context, type, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var isIdentical; switch ( type ) { case 'flag': /* * Test for Transgender flag compatibility. Added in Unicode 13. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (white flag emoji + transgender symbol). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200D\u26A7\uFE0F', // as a zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200B\u26A7\uFE0F' // separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for UN flag compatibility. This is the least supported of the letter locale flags, * so gives us an easy test for full support. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly ([U] + [N]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF3', // as the sequence of two code points '\uD83C\uDDFA\u200B\uD83C\uDDF3' // as the two code points separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for English flag compatibility. England is a country in the United Kingdom, it * does not have a two letter locale code but rather a five letter sub-division code. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (black flag emoji + [G] + [B] + [E] + [N] + [G]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, // as the flag sequence '\uD83C\uDFF4\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC62\uDB40\uDC65\uDB40\uDC6E\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC7F', // with each code point separated by a zero-width space '\uD83C\uDFF4\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC62\u200B\uDB40\uDC65\u200B\uDB40\uDC6E\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC7F' ); return ! isIdentical; case 'emoji': /* * Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. * * To test for Emoji 15.0 support, try to render a new emoji: Blackbird. * * The Blackbird is a ZWJ sequence combining 🐦 Bird and ⬛ large black square., * * 0x1F426 (\uD83D\uDC26) == Bird * 0x200D == Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) that links the code points for the new emoji or * 0x200B == Zero-Width Space (ZWS) that is rendered for clients not supporting the new emoji. * 0x2B1B == Large Black Square * * When updating this test for future Emoji releases, ensure that individual emoji that make up the * sequence come from older emoji standards. */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83D\uDC26\u200D\u2B1B', // as the zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83D\uDC26\u200B\u2B1B' // separated by a zero-width space ); return ! isIdentical; } return false; } /** * Checks emoji support tests. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {string[]} tests Tests. * @param {Function} browserSupportsEmoji Reference to browserSupportsEmoji function, needed due to minification. * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {SupportTests} Support tests. */ function testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var canvas; if ( typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope ) { canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( 300, 150 ); // Dimensions are default for HTMLCanvasElement. } else { canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' ); } var context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { willReadFrequently: true } ); /* * Chrome on OS X added native emoji rendering in M41. Unfortunately, * it doesn't work when the font is bolder than 500 weight. So, we * check for bold rendering support to avoid invisible emoji in Chrome. */ context.textBaseline = 'top'; context.font = '600 32px Arial'; var supports = {}; tests.forEach( function ( test ) { supports[ test ] = browserSupportsEmoji( context, test, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); } ); return supports; } /** * Adds a script to the head of the document. * * @ignore * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param {string} src The url where the script is located. * * @return {void} */ function addScript( src ) { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.src = src; script.defer = true; document.head.appendChild( script ); } settings.supports = { everything: true, everythingExceptFlag: true }; // Create a promise for DOMContentLoaded since the worker logic may finish after the event has fired. var domReadyPromise = new Promise( function ( resolve ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', resolve, { once: true } ); } ); // Obtain the emoji support from the browser, asynchronously when possible. new Promise( function ( resolve ) { var supportTests = getSessionSupportTests(); if ( supportTests ) { resolve( supportTests ); return; } if ( supportsWorkerOffloading() ) { try { // Note that the functions are being passed as arguments due to minification. var workerScript = 'postMessage(' + testEmojiSupports.toString() + '(' + [ JSON.stringify( tests ), browserSupportsEmoji.toString(), emojiSetsRenderIdentically.toString() ].join( ',' ) + '));'; var blob = new Blob( [ workerScript ], { type: 'text/javascript' } ); var worker = new Worker( URL.createObjectURL( blob ), { name: 'wpTestEmojiSupports' } ); worker.onmessage = function ( event ) { supportTests = event.data; setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); worker.terminate(); resolve( supportTests ); }; return; } catch ( e ) {} } supportTests = testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); resolve( supportTests ); } ) // Once the browser emoji support 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Profile</span></a></li> <li class="nav__menu-item nav__menu-item--depth0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1416"><a href="https://flightsafety.org/members-center/committee-center/" class="nav-link"><span>Committee Center</span></a></li> <li class="nav__menu-item nav__menu-item--depth0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1415"><a href="https://flightsafety.org/members-center/membership-directory/" class="nav-link"><span>Membership Directory</span></a></li> <li class="nav__menu-item nav__menu-item--depth0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34707"><a href="https://flightsafety.org/foundation/membership/" class="nav-link"><span>Become a Member</span></a></li> </ul></nav> </div> </div> <div class="members-center-top"> <div class="members-center-top__wrap wrap"> <div class="members-center-top__content u-content"> <h2 class="h1 members-center-top__title"> Welcome to the Flight Safety Foundation Members-Only Section of the Website. </h2> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-9779 size-full" src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/people.aircraft.jpg" alt="Multiethnic Group of Business People with Airplane" width="3189" height="1541" /></p> <p>Thank you for your membership support. One of your member benefits is complete, instant access to key industry information articles, Foundation news, seminar proceedings and projects that will be useful to you and your daily operations. To give you the information you want when you need it, we have improved our digital presence, giving you a better membership experience. You’ll also find that we’re expanding our news and information offerings. Many items on this page as well as throughout the entire website are only available for members only.</p> <p><em>AeroSafety World </em>has evolved into an online presence that better reflects the aviation industry’s need for up-to-date, in-depth news and information. Members have full access, 24/7, to its contents. The all-new and fully responsive FSF website is designed to be a destination portal for all matters pertaining to aviation safety, including FSF-generated material and other safety-related content from trusted sources.</p> <p>The new enhanced, all-digital <em>AeroSafety World</em> features more safety news and information in a mobile friendly format. Shifting to an online format enhances readability on the go, allowing for the posting of more timely aviation safety articles, as well as the incorporation of video and other multimedia elements where possible</p> <p>The <em>AeroSafety World</em> mobile app enables you to access the <em>ASW</em> archive on your favorite device. The app, designed for Apple iOS and Google Android devices, facilitates additional readership on smartphones and tablets, which research shows is how more and more aviation industry media is consumed<strong> </strong></p> <p>If you are a member and are having trouble with your log-in, please contact the <a href="mailto://membership@flightsafety.org">membership department</a> for assistance.</p> <p>If you are not a member and wish to have full access to all information please <a href="https://community.flightsafety.org/memberjoin">Join us</a>.</p> </div> <div class="members-center-top__sidebar u-content"> <h3 class="h2 members-center-top__sidebar-title"> Members-Only Community Forum: Making Global Networking Easy </h3> <div class="members-center-top__sidebar-content"> <p>As a member of the Flight Safety Foundation, your improved digital experience allows you to communicate with other members in a community forum. When you <a href="https://community.flightsafety.org/s/login">sign in</a> with your password, you will land on the community page. You will see a list of topics in the drop down box at the top left corner, to which you can post comments, ask questions, provide responses, etc. You will be able to customize your preferences as to how you wish to view and receive responses. (In the future, this section will also be used for each of the Foundation committees to discuss committee business affairs in a closed-group forum.)</p> <h3 class="h6">Membership Renewal and Record Management</h3> <p>You are now are able to update your membership record and contact details at any time. New company? New job title? Update the record yourself so we will always have your most accurate contact details. You are also able to renew your membership on-line via auto-renew, or you can choose to renew each year manually as well.</p> <p>Questions? Contact the <a href="mailto://membership@flightsafety.org">Membership Department</a>.</p> </div> <p><a href="/profile/"> Update Your Profile » </a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-sidebar wrap"> <div class="content-sidebar__content"> <div class="members-center-section"> <div class="members-center-section__title-container"> <h2 class="members-center-section__title"> CEO Message </h2> </div> <div class="entries"> <div class="entry entry--message" role="article"> <span class="entry__image-link"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Hassan-Shahidi_crop2_280.jpg" alt=""></span> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <h3 class="entry__title"> Working Together to Drive Aviation Safety Improvements </h3> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"> <p>As we navigate the ever-evolving landscape of aviation safety, I want to take a moment to reflect on the important work of Flight Safety Foundation and the significance of your engagement and support for our mission.</p> <p>At the Foundation, our commitment to enhancing global aviation safety is unwavering. We strive to be the beacon of excellence, providing leadership, collaboration and innovation in the pursuit of safer skies. Our Foundation’s history is steeped in a legacy of dedication to the highest standards of safety, and we continue to build upon that foundation.</p> <p>As members of Flight Safety Foundation, you play a crucial role in our collective pursuit of safer skies. Your engagement, knowledge and expertise are invaluable assets that contribute to the strength and impact of our organization. By actively participating in the Foundation’s initiatives, programs and committees, you provide diverse perspectives, insights and experiences that shape the direction and focus of our work.</p> <p>Engagement is not just about your involvement, but also about the active exchange of ideas and the collaborative spirit that strengthens our collective efforts. We encourage you to share your thoughts, experiences and challenges, as well as offer suggestions on how we can further improve global aviation safety. Your input helps us shape our strategies, prioritize our initiatives and ensure that our work remains relevant and impactful.</p> <p>Support from our members is vital to the success of the Foundation. Your financial contributions and sponsorship enable us to pursue groundbreaking research, develop innovative solutions and deliver valuable resources to the aviation community. We are grateful for your support, which we judiciously invest in critical projects, and use to organize impactful events and to provide essential training and educational programs that advance the cause of aviation safety worldwide.</p> <p>We recognize that our singular mission — to improve global aviation safety — can only be achieved through the collaborative efforts of our dedicated members. Therefore, we are committed to creating an environment that fosters open communication, encourages diverse perspectives and provides opportunities for professional growth and development.</p> <p>Let us continue to work together, sharing our expertise, knowledge and passion, to advance aviation safety for the benefit of all. We urge you to be actively involved, provide your insights and contribute to the Foundation’s ongoing efforts. By doing so, you directly contribute to making our skies safer and more secure.</p> <p>Thank you for your support and commitment to Flight Safety Foundation. Together, we will make a lasting impact on the aviation industry and ensure safer journeys for all who take to the skies.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-58171 alignleft" src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Hassan-signature-2021-208x34.png" alt="" width="208" height="34" /></p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="members-center-section"> <h2 class="members-center-section__title">AeroSafety World Issues</h2> <div class="entries entries--first-border"> <div class="entry entry--thumbnail post-37064 asw-issue type-asw-issue status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2020/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ASW_apr20_cover2-180x135.jpg" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2020/">AeroSafety World April 2020</a> </h3> <p class="entry__byline">by Frank Jackman</p> </div> </div> <div class="entry entry--thumbnail post-36163 asw-issue type-asw-issue status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2020/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ASW_mar20_vertical-cover-180x135.jpg" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2020/">AeroSafety World March 2020</a> </h3> <p class="entry__byline">by Frank Jackman</p> </div> </div> <div class="entry entry--thumbnail post-35646 asw-issue type-asw-issue status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2020/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ASW_feb20_cover_375-180x135.jpg" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2020/">AeroSafety World February 2020</a> </h3> <p class="entry__byline">by Frank Jackman</p> </div> </div> <div class="entry entry--thumbnail post-34836 asw-issue type-asw-issue status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2019-january-2020/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ASW_dec19-jan20_cover_375-180x135.png" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2019-january-2020/">AeroSafety World December 2019–January 2020</a> </h3> <p class="entry__byline">by Frank Jackman</p> </div> </div> </div> <hr> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/aerosafety-world/" class="button">Read latest issue</a> </div> </div> <div class="content-sidebar__sidebar"> <div class="sidebar"> <div class="widget-odd widget-5 ad"><aside id="dfp_ad-7" class="widget widget_dfp_ad"><div id="DFP_slot_fsf_member_side_1"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("DFP_slot_fsf_member_side_1"); DFP.inserted_slots["DFP_slot_fsf_member_side_1"] = document.getElementById("DFP_slot_fsf_member_side_1"); }); </script></div></aside></div><div class="widget-even widget-6 ad"><aside id="dfp_ad-31" class="widget widget_dfp_ad"><div id="DFP_slot_fsf_side_1"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("DFP_slot_fsf_side_1"); DFP.inserted_slots["DFP_slot_fsf_side_1"] = document.getElementById("DFP_slot_fsf_side_1"); }); </script></div></aside></div><aside id="gform_widget-2" class="widget-odd widget-7 widget gform_widget"><link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_reset_css-css' href='https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/formreset.css?ver=2.9.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_formsmain_css-css' href='https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/formsmain.css?ver=2.9.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_ready_class_css-css' href='https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/readyclass.css?ver=2.9.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_browsers_css-css' href='https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/browsers.css?ver=2.9.0' type='text/css' media='all' />  <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement("script"); gads.async = true; gads.type = "text/javascript"; var useSSL = "https:" == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 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Safety Foundation Benefactors</h2> </div> </div> <div class="benefactors__logos"> <div class="benefactors__logos-row"> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="https://www.aerlingus.com/" title="Aer Lingus" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Aer-Lingus-logo-2019.svg" alt="Aer Lingus"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="https://www.airindia.com/" title="Air India" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AirIndia-logo_400px-225x80.jpg" alt="Air India"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="http://www.airbus.com/" title="Airbus – 2017" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Airbus-logo-2018.svg" alt="Airbus – 2017"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="http://airlines.org" title="Airlines for America" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Airlines-for-America-horizontal-logo-225.svg" alt="Airlines for America"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="https://alamosgold.com/ " title="Alamos Gold" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Alamos-Gold-logo-1-225x80.png" alt="Alamos Gold"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/" title="Amazon" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/amazon_225_Logos.png" alt="Amazon"></a> </li> </div> <div class="benefactors__logos-row"> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="https://www.aa.com/" title="American Airlines" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/American-Airlines-2017-logo-225.svg" alt="American Airlines"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="http://www.angloamerican.com/" title="Anglo American" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/AngloAmerican-logo-225.svg" alt="Anglo American"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="http://www.anglogoldashanti.com/" title="Anglo Gold" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/AngloGold-Ashanti-225-s.svg" alt="Anglo Gold"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="#" title="Australian Defence Force" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/aus-defense-force-225x80.jpeg" alt="Australian Defence Force"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="http://www.bhpbilliton.com" title="BHPbilliton" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/BHP_2019_225.svg" alt="BHPbilliton"></a> </li> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="http://www.boeing.com/" title="Boeing" target="_blank"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Boeing-bluegrey.svg" alt="Boeing"></a> </li> </div> <div class="benefactors__logos-row"> <li class="benefactors__logo"> <a href="http://www.cae.com/" title="CAE" 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