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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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education</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="تعليم مجاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعليم مجاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulgeldfreiheit" title="Schulgeldfreiheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schulgeldfreiheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آموزش رایگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آموزش رایگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratuit%C3%A9_scolaire" title="Gratuité scolaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gratuité scolaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%83%81%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1" title="무상교육 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무상교육" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edikasyon_gratis" title="Edikasyon gratis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Edikasyon gratis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educatio_gratuita" title="Educatio gratuita – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Educatio gratuita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratis_onderwijs" title="Gratis onderwijs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gratis onderwijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%84%9F%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="無償教育 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無償教育" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bepul_ta%CA%BClim" title="Bepul taʼlim – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bepul taʼlim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsimi_falas" title="Arsimi falas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arsimi falas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besplatno_obrazovanje" title="Besplatno obrazovanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Besplatno obrazovanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="கட்டணமில்லாக் கல்வி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டணமில்லாக் கல்வி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Түләүсез белем алу – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Түләүсез белем алу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Education funded by taxation</div> <p> <b>Free education</b> is <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> funded through government spending or charitable organizations rather than tuition funding. Many models of free higher education have been proposed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a> is free in many countries (often not including primary textbook). <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary education</a> is also free in certain countries, including <a href="/wiki/Post-graduate_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-graduate studies">post-graduate studies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Article 13 of <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> ensures the right to free education at primary education and progressive introduction of it at <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">right to education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>, there is no tuition fee except a small semester fee of NOK(600) (US$74).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (February 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> From 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> started providing free higher education as well. <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, until the early 21st century, provided free education to foreign students but changes have been introduced to charge fees to foreign students from outside the <a href="/wiki/European_community" class="mw-redirect" title="European community">European community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> also has universal free education, and provides a monthly stipend, the "Statens Uddannelsesstøtte" or "SU",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to students over 18 years of age or students who are under 18 and attending a <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bachelor and master's degree programmes in Denmark are offered in either Danish or English depending on the programme or university.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Argentina" title="Education in Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Brazil" title="Education in Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cuba" title="Education in Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Education in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Greece" title="Education in Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hungary" title="Education in Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lebanon" title="Education in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Education in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Uruguay" title="Education in Uruguay">Uruguay</a> provide free education at all levels, including college and university for citizens. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries">Countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>State universities in the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Saudi Arabia and Sweden do not charge international students with tuition fees for Ph.D. degrees and in some cases for bachelor's and master's degrees as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Czech_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czech-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output 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.sticky-header-multi,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable sticky-header" style="background:#f8f9faff;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">State </th> <th scope="col">Local language-taught bachelor's and master's degrees tuition fees (per year) for international students<sup id="cite_ref-EEA1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">English-taught bachelor's and master's degrees tuition fees (per year) for international students<sup id="cite_ref-EEA2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Ph.D. degrees tuition fees for international students </th> <th style="width:20%;">Ph.D. degrees tuition fees for <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Czech_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czech-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_Czechia_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu_Czechia-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,700 to 10,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_Czechia_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu_Czechia-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6,000 - 16,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6,000 - 16,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6,000 - 16,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study_in_Finland_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study_in_Finland-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,000 - 20,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,800 - 3,800 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,800 - 3,800 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,800 - 3,800 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Studying_in_Iceland_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Studying_in_Iceland_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Studying_in_Iceland_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Studying_in_Iceland_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15,000 - 30,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15,000 - 30,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 2,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 2,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 2,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 12,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_Bachelor_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Bachelor-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_Master_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Master-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 12,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_Bachelor_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Bachelor-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_Master_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Master-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">All fees automatically covered by scholarships, including living costs, at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">All fees automatically covered by scholarships, including living costs, at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 5,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 5,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 5,000 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8,300 - 20,800 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8,300 - 20,800 EUR<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Insider_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<sup id="cite_ref-Study.eu_11-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg/940px-States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="940" height="504" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg/1410px-States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg/1880px-States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1097" /></a><figcaption><b>States funding English-taught bachelor's and master's degrees for international students</b><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22b14cff; color:;"> </span> Jurisdictions in which state universities do not charge international students with tuition fees for English-taught bachelor's and master's degrees</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg/940px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg.png" decoding="async" width="940" height="504" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg/1410px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg/1880px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1097" /></a><figcaption><b>States funding Ph.D. programs for international students</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22b14cff; color:;"> </span> Jurisdictions in which state universities do not charge international students with tuition fees for Ph.D degrees</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg/940px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg.png" decoding="async" width="940" height="504" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg/1410px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg/1880px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1097" /></a><figcaption><b>States funding Ph.D. programs for EEA students</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22b14cff; color:;"> </span> Jurisdictions in which state universities do not charge <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students with tuition fees for Ph.D degrees</div></figcaption></figure> <p>In Argentina, education is free since 1949 in every state university, not only for Argentine students, but also for international students willing to study in Argentina. Free education is financed by the Ministry of Education.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Bangladesh, article 17 of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Constitution">Constitution of Bangladesh</a> provides that all children receive free and compulsory education.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools. The government provides free textbooks to all primary and secondary-level students. In 2022, 347,016,277 free textbooks have been distributed among 41,726,856 students across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government provides free school meals to 400,000 children in 2,000 schools across 8 Divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, free education is offered by the Ministry of Education, which offers scholarships for graduate degrees, masters, doctoral and post-doctoral for Brazilians and immigrants with a Brazilian citizenship. The best universities and research centers are public institutions, financed by either the local state (state universities) or the federal government (federal universities). Graduate students can get paid if they qualify for the incentive, but competition usually are extremely fierce. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are examples of steps towards free education being taken across the world primarily in those nations developing rapidly, such as <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Free Compulsory Education Reform in China can be described as a program akin to a school subsidy initiative, wherein qualifying students receive financial assistance that encompasses tuition fees and other associated expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> countries such as <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, tuition is usually free for European students, and in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, tuition is free for all European and international students.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, university tuition is free for all Scottish nationals and is discounted for all European students, except from students coming from other parts of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> the government announced in 2013 it would cover the costs of primary and secondary school education, equivalent to 250 Fiji dollars per year per student.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, most prestigious universities are called governmental universities which offer free education for students who pass a very competitive entrance exam with high scores. Graduates from these universities are obliged to serve the country for as many years as they studied for their degree, in order to get their diploma.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, the government provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary levels. Since July 2005, the government also introduced free transport for all students.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the Labour government will introduce three years of free post-school study or training. From January 1, 2018, new students will have one year free for entering study or training. From 2021, those starting tertiary education would get two years free, and from 2024 three years. The overall cost of the package is $6 billion. Labour has also pledged to increase student allowances by $50 a week, and to restore post-graduate students' eligibility for student allowances.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, public primary and secondary schools are free of tuition.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1935 Constitution provided for <a href="/wiki/Universal_access_to_education" title="Universal access to education">universal primary education</a>. Primary education was made free under the 1973 Constitution, while the 1987 Constitution extended free education to the secondary level.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Free public tertiary education has been <a href="/wiki/Universal_Access_to_Quality_Tertiary_Education_Act" title="Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act">enacted in 2017</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, prior to the break-up of the Soviet Union, tuition was free for everyone obtaining sufficient grades. Since 1991, students obtaining sufficient grades, are still eligible for a free education (on a competitive basis) in state or private universities, but the student can also pay for studying if grades are above minimal threshold, but not enough to be enrolled into the desired university for free.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, free education is provided by the government at different levels. Government funded schools such as <a href="/wiki/National_school_(Sri_Lanka)" title="National school (Sri Lanka)">national schools</a>, provincial schools and <a href="/wiki/Pirivena" title="Pirivena">Piriven</a> provided primary and secondary education free, while assisted schools and semi-governmental schools provided the same at subsidized rates. At the university level, the universities provide undergraduate courses free, however, this totals only about 10% for those qualified for university entrance. Grants and scholarships are provided for a limited number of study allowances. <a href="/wiki/C._W._W._Kannangara" title="C. W. W. Kannangara">Dr. C. W. W. Kannangara</a> who was the Minister of Education made education free for all Sri Lankan students in 1940 s. Kannangara's significant achievements in areas of education have led him to being commonly referred to as the <i>Father of Free Education</i> in Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-Wijenayaka_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wijenayaka-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> offers free tertiary education to its citizens up to the undergraduate level at accredited public and select private institutions. Postgraduate degrees are paid up to 50% by the government at accredited institutions. This benefit is given to the citizens under a programme called Government Assisted Tuition Expenses Programme and it is managed by the Funding and Grants Administration Division of the Ministry of Tertiary Education and Skills Training<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Student_financial_aid_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Student financial aid (United States)">a variety of financial aid programs</a> provide grants and <a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">student loans</a>, mostly to low-income students, for any accredited college or university. Various proposals at the state and federal level have been made to make either <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a> or all colleges and universities free for students at all income levels.<sup id="cite_ref-washpo_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpo-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2022, the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> waived tuition for in-state students at all income levels and at all public state and tribal colleges and universities, if registered for six credit-hours and earning a minimum 2.5 GPA.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> adopted free, compulsory, and secular education in 1876, after a reform led by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Varela" title="José Pedro Varela">José Pedro Varela</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Latorre" title="Lorenzo Latorre">Lorenzo Latorre</a> dictatorship. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Republic_(Uruguay)" title="University of the Republic (Uruguay)">University of the Republic</a> follows the same principles, although graduates must pay a yearly contribution.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, a fee free education was introduced for all the government schools in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Government would pay the fees, however parents were required to pay for the school uniform and other materials.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, free education implementation is a relatively recent phenomenon. Prior to the turn of the century, education was often too expensive for many families, leading to a high rate of illiteracy and educational inequity. The 1990s saw the beginning of reforms with several NGOs and international bodies lobbying and offering support for free and inclusive education.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> a tradition of free <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasa</a>-based education arose.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Free education has long been identified with "sponsored education"; for example, during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, rich dignitaries commonly sponsored the education of young men as patrons.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thomas Jefferson proposed "establishing free schools to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic, and from these schools those of intellectual ability, regardless of background or economic status, would receive a college education paid for by the state."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Vladmir Lenin's government instituted a number of progressive measures which included access to <a href="/wiki/Universal_access_to_education" title="Universal access to education">universal education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Sri Lanka, <a href="/wiki/C._W._W._Kannangara" title="C. W. W. Kannangara">C. W. W. Kannangara</a> introduced universal free education from kindergarten up to undergraduate degree, becoming the first country to implement free education on national scale.<sup id="cite_ref-Wijenayaka_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wijenayaka-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris" title="Townsend Harris">Townsend Harris</a> founded the first free public institution of higher education, the Free Academy of the City of New York (today the <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>), in 1847; it aimed to provide free education to the urban poor, immigrants and their children. Its graduates went on to receive 10 Nobel Prizes, more than any other public university.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 19th century, the United States government introduced <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a> as free or universal education, which extended across the country by the 1920s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is the oldest of CUNY's 25 institutions of higher learning[5] and is considered its flagship.Other primacies at City College that helped shape the culture of American higher education include the first student government in the nation (Academic Senate, 1867);[9] the first national fraternity to accept members without regard to religion, race, color or creed (Delta Sigma Phi, 1899);[10] the first degree-granting evening program (School of Education, 1907).<a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York</a> In 1944 U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> signed the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, also known as the <a href="/wiki/GI_Bill_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="GI Bill of Rights">GI Bill of Rights</a>, into law. The GI Bill allowed <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> veterans to attend universities at no cost to them.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A report regarding free higher education was prepared by President Truman in 1947, however, no action was taken, according to what was written in the report. Therefore, it never became a reality. One possible reason could be the ongoing Cold War at that time, which made President Truman shift his focus from the report to the war-defense spending.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Governments typically fund compulsory education through taxes. Aggravated <a href="/wiki/Truancy" title="Truancy">truancy</a> can be prosecuted. <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial schooling</a> usually offer legal alternatives. </p><p>With the start of many free internet-based learning institutions such as <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">edX</a> (founded in 2012) and <a href="/wiki/MITx" title="MITx">MITx</a> (announced in 2011), anyone in the world with Internet access can take free education-courses.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This term requires quantification. (April 2019)">quantify</span></a></i>]</sup> countries, the policy for the <a href="/wiki/Merit_system" title="Merit system">merit system</a> has not yet caught up with these recent advances in education technology.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9313_Chilean_student_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–13 Chilean student protests">2011–13 Chilean student protests</a>, tuition-free college was a major campaign promise of Chilean president <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> in 2013. After some years marshaling support and funding, the <i>gratuidad</i> law was passed in 2018, and as of 2019 covers tuition at participating schools for families in the bottom 60% of earnings nation-wide.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_the_Internet">On the Internet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: On the Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Online education has become an option in recent years, particularly with the development of free <a href="/wiki/MOOC" class="mw-redirect" title="MOOC">MOOCs</a> (massive open online courses) from providers such as <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a> (High School) and Higher Education, through providers such as <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">edX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coursera" title="Coursera">Coursera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udacity" title="Udacity">Udacity</a>, <a href="/wiki/FutureLearn" title="FutureLearn">FutureLearn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alison_(company)" title="Alison (company)">Alison</a>. Free education has become available through several websites with some resembling the courses of study of accredited universities. Online education faces barriers such as institutional adoption, license or copyright restrictions, incompatibility and educator awareness of available resources.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the extensive requirements of resources for online education, many open community projects have been initiated. Specifically, the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> has developed a project devoted to <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">free online</a> educational resources, <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a>, and recently, several other sites for specific topics have developed.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christian_Leaders_Institute" title="Christian Leaders Institute">Christian Leaders Institute</a> offers tuition free college level ministry education. Students can take any classes free of charge, but are encouraged to help support the mission of the institution by making donations to this <a href="/wiki/501(c)_organization" title="501(c) organization">501 (c)3</a> United States Charity.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Open_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Open University">Islamic Open University (IOU)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Distance_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance learning">distance-learning</a> higher education institution, offers tuition-free graduate and undergraduate degrees. A very modest registration fee is charged per semester, which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">human development index</a> and thus varies from country to country.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IOU is offering one million scholarships for African youths by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nidahas Vidyalaya has started an initiative named Freedom College towards providing tuition-free education in Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_examples">Other examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Free education does not only take the form of publicly funded institutions like state universities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In France, philosopher <a href="/wiki/Michel_Onfray" title="Michel Onfray">Michel Onfray</a> created the first non-governmental free education university since <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">antiquity</a>, in 2002, with his <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_populaire_de_Caen" title="Université populaire de Caen">Université populaire de Caen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>. His decision was triggered by the accession of far-right party <a href="/wiki/Front_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Front National">Front National</a> to the second round of the <a href="/wiki/French_presidential_election_(2002)" class="mw-redirect" title="French presidential election (2002)">2002 French presidential elections</a>. Onfray stated that people need more political, historical and philosophical background education to be more conscious citizens. His university is run by an <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association#France" title="Voluntary association">association loi 1901</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Iran, Nasra is a movement aiming to meet the learning needs of all children, youth and adults in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This social movement focuses on <a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">digital media use and mental health</a> and increase the skills of using the media for the public.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_For_All" class="mw-redirect" title="Education For All">Education For All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_opportunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Equality of opportunity">Equality of opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_university" title="Free university">Free university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Text" title="Global Text">Global Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_spending_on_education_as_percentage_of_GDP" title="List of countries by spending on education as percentage of GDP">List of countries by spending on education as percentage of GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_OpenCourseWare" title="MIT OpenCourseWare">MIT OpenCourseWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Campaign_Against_Fees_and_Cuts" title="National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts">National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCourseWare" title="OpenCourseWare">OpenCourseWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source_curriculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source curriculum">Open source curriculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Right to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_freeze" title="Tuition freeze">Tuition freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_payments" title="Tuition payments">Tuition payments</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2016/01/20/should-college-be-free/public-higher-education-should-be-universal-and-free">"Public Higher Education Should Be Universal and Free"</a>. <i><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103958/https://www.skolverket.se/om-skolverket/andra-sprak/in-english/the-swedish-education-system/an-overview-of-the-swedish-education-system-1.72184">Archived</a> 2018-06-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 20 August 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a>, Article 13, 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uscollegeinternational.com/2017/08/18/university-oslo-free-tuition/">"Global Scholarships for International Students"</a>. <i>uscollegeinternational.com</i>. 18 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uscollegeinternational.com&rft.atitle=Global+Scholarships+for+International+Students&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuscollegeinternational.com%2F2017%2F08%2F18%2Funiversity-oslo-free-tuition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131120103633/http://www.hsv.se/lawsandregulations/theswedishhighereducationact.4.5161b99123700c42b07ffe3956.html#svid4">"UKÄ och UHR"</a>. <i>hsv.se</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.su.dk/Nyheder/Sider/Nuogs%C3%A5SUtilungeunder18.aspx">the original</a> on 22 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SU.dk&rft.atitle=Nu+ogs%C3%A5+SU+til+unge+under+18&rft.date=2010-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.su.dk%2FNyheder%2FSider%2FNuogs%25C3%25A5SUtilungeunder18.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.dk/en/Uddannelse/Bachelor">"Bachelor – Syddansk Universitet"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bachelor+%E2%80%93+Syddansk+Universitet&rft.pub=Sdu.dk&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.dk%2Fen%2FUddannelse%2FBachelor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Czech-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Czech_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Czech_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.czechuniversities.com/article/learn-czech-and-study-for-free">"Learn Czech and study for free"</a>. <i>www.czechuniversities.com</i>. EDUroute s.r.o<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The effect of a free compulsory education reform in rural China"</a>. <i>Journal of Population Economics</i>. <b>33</b> (2): 601–631. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00148-019-00741-w">10.1007/s00148-019-00741-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1432-1475">1432-1475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Population+Economics&rft.atitle=Does+free+education+help+combat+child+labor%3F+The+effect+of+a+free+compulsory+education+reform+in+rural+China&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=601-631&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00148-019-00741-w&rft.issn=1432-1475&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=Can&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Liqiu&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Zhong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs00148-019-00741-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/world/europe/want-education-cant-pay-germany/">"World-class education that costs nothing"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Free+education+for+primary+and+secondary+school+students+in+Fiji&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F227158%2Ffree-education-for-primary-and-secondary-school-students-in-fiji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11935250">"Free university study just months away"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+Even%3A+Public+Policies+to+Tackle+Inequality+in+Asia&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.isbn=978-93-89165-71-5&rft.aulast=Talpur&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZt7FDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zakon-ob-obrazovanii.ru/100.html">"Закон об образовании Статья 100. Контрольные цифры приема на обучение за счет бюджетных ассигнований федерального бюджета, бюджетов субъектов Российской Федерации, местных бюджетов"</a>. <i>Zakon-ob-Obrazovanii.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125211/https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zakon-ob-Obrazovanii.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F+100.+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzakon-ob-obrazovanii.ru%2F100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wijenayaka-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wijenayaka_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wijenayaka_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWijenayaka2003" class="citation news cs1">Wijenayaka, Walter (24 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050122134851/http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/09/24/fea09.html">"C.W.W. Kannangara: Father of free education"</a>. The Daily News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/09/24/fea09.html">the original</a> on 22 January 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=C.W.W.+Kannangara%3A+Father+of+free+education&rft.date=2003-09-24&rft.aulast=Wijenayaka&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.lk%2F2003%2F09%2F24%2Ffea09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillies2016" class="citation web cs1">Willies, Egberto (23 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factualinfo.com/2016/02/23/these-countries-give-free-college-education-to-their-citizens/">"These countries give free college education to their citizens"</a>. <i>Factualinfo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125059/https://factualinfo.com/2016/02/23/these-countries-give-free-college-education-to-their-citizens/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Factualinfo.com&rft.atitle=These+countries+give+free+college+education+to+their+citizens&rft.date=2016-02-23&rft.aulast=Willies&rft.aufirst=Egberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactualinfo.com%2F2016%2F02%2F23%2Fthese-countries-give-free-college-education-to-their-citizens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washpo-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washpo_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielle_Douglas-Gabriel2022" class="citation news cs1">Danielle Douglas-Gabriel (5 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/03/05/tuition-free-college-states/">"Tuition-free college movement gains momentum, despite Biden's stalled plan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tuition-free+college+movement+gains+momentum%2C+despite+Biden%27s+stalled+plan&rft.date=2022-03-05&rft.au=Danielle+Douglas-Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Feducation%2F2022%2F03%2F05%2Ftuition-free-college-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeah_Asmelash2022" class="citation news cs1">Leah Asmelash (7 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/07/us/new-mexico-college-tuition-free-cec/index.html">"New Mexico's governor just signed a bill to make college tuition-free"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Mexico%27s+governor+just+signed+a+bill+to+make+college+tuition-free&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.au=Leah+Asmelash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F07%2Fus%2Fnew-mexico-college-tuition-free-cec%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africatimes.com/2016/02/09/free-education-in-tanzania/">"Free education in Tanzania"</a>. <i>Africa Times</i>. 9 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125025/https://africatimes.com/2016/02/09/free-education-in-tanzania/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africa+Times&rft.atitle=Free+education+in+Tanzania&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricatimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F09%2Ffree-education-in-tanzania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/free-education-now-to-include-form-five-and-six-3848316">"Free education now to include Form Five and Six"</a>. <i>The Citizen</i>. 14 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Citizen&rft.atitle=Free+education+now+to+include+Form+Five+and+Six&rft.date=2022-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecitizen.co.tz%2Ftanzania%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ffree-education-now-to-include-form-five-and-six-3848316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleck2015" class="citation book cs1">Bleck, Jaimie (2015). <i>Education and empowered citizenship in Mali</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-1781-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-1781-3"><bdi>978-1-4214-1781-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+and+empowered+citizenship+in+Mali&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-1781-3&rft.aulast=Bleck&rft.aufirst=Jaimie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardakerSabki2019" class="citation book cs1">Hardaker, Glenn; Sabki, Aishah Ahmad (2019). "1.2.1: Phase One: The traditionalist Madrasah". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TI52DwAAQBAJ"><i>Pedagogy in Islamic Education: The Madrasah Context</i></a>. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 8–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781787547186" title="Special:BookSources/9781787547186"><bdi>9781787547186</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125056/https://books.google.com/books?id=TI52DwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>Before the Western influence, madrasahs imparted knowledge by a chain of transmission [...]. [...] Typically, a madrasah institution provided free education and library facilities; a wide range of subject expert teachers and students were provided with the necessary resources for their studies. A recognised early Sunni madrasah was Al-Azhar University, Cairo, one of the first Sunni centres of learning in the tenth century [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.2.1%3A+Phase+One%3A+The+traditionalist+Madrasah&rft.btitle=Pedagogy+in+Islamic+Education%3A+The+Madrasah+Context&rft.place=Bingley&rft.pages=8-9&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781787547186&rft.aulast=Hardaker&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Sabki%2C+Aishah+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTI52DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidus1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ira_M._Lapidus" title="Ira M. 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The trusts (<i><a href="/wiki/Awqaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Awqaf">awqaf</a></i>) paid the salaries of the faculty and stipends for students.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=21%3A+Muslim+communities+and+Middle+Eastern+Societies+1000-1500+CE&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=217&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780521514309&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkFJNBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404900332.html">"Education – FREE Education information | Encyclopedia.com: Find Education research"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910123529/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404900332.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=Summer+2013&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.aulast=Crittenden&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Levine%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fsum2013%2Fentries%2Fcivic-education%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsKeene2014" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oyaxYvSG6gAC&dq=lenin+universal+literacy+after+the+vote+was+won&pg=PA109"><i>After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists</i></a>. McFarland. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5647-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5647-5"><bdi>978-0-7864-5647-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Vote+Was+Won%3A+The+Later+Achievements+of+Fifteen+Suffragists&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5647-5&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Katherine+H.&rft.au=Keene%2C+Michael+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoyaxYvSG6gAC%26dq%3Dlenin%2Buniversal%2Bliteracy%2Bafter%2Bthe%2Bvote%2Bwas%2Bwon%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUgri͡umov1976" class="citation book cs1">Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXknAQAAMAAJ&q=lenin+universal+literacy"><i>Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925</i></a>. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lenin%27s+Plan+for+Building+Socialism+in+the+USSR%2C+1917%E2%80%931925&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Novosti+Press+Agency+Publishing+House&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Ugri%CD%A1umov&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+Leont%CA%B9evich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXknAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dlenin%2Buniversal%2Bliteracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"... the founding, in 1847, of the Free Academy, the first free public institution of higher education in the nation.", Baruch College history website. institution.<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/about/glance.html">http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/about/glance.html</a>] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060725035256/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/about/glance.html">Archived</a> 2006-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Edwards2015" class="citation web cs1">Chris Edwards, Neal McCluskey (1 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/education/higher-education-subsidies">"Higher Education Subsidies"</a>. <i>Downsizing the Federal Government</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125021/https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/education/higher-education-subsidies">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Downsizing+the+Federal+Government&rft.atitle=Higher+Education+Subsidies&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.aulast=Chris+Edwards&rft.aufirst=Neal+McCluskey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.downsizinggovernment.org%2Feducation%2Fhigher-education-subsidies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/174324">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Free College" in Historical Perspective | History News Network"</a>. <i>historynewsnetwork.org</i>. 16 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125138/https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/174324">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historynewsnetwork.org&rft.atitle=%22Free+College%22+in+Historical+Perspective+%7C+History+News+Network&rft.date=2020-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorynewsnetwork.org%2Farticle%2F174324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edx.org/school/mitx">"MITx"</a>. <i>edx.org</i>. 12 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125029/https://www.edx.org/school/mitx">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edx.org&rft.atitle=MITx&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edx.org%2Fschool%2Fmitx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/11/25/776017867/what-the-u-s-can-learn-from-free-college-in-chile">"What The U.S. Can Learn From Free College In Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125112/https://www.npr.org/2019/11/25/776017867/what-the-u-s-can-learn-from-free-college-in-chile">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=What+The+U.S.+Can+Learn+From+Free+College+In+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F11%2F25%2F776017867%2Fwhat-the-u-s-can-learn-from-free-college-in-chile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/read-the-declaration">"The Cape Town Open Education Declaration"</a>. Capetowndeclaration.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cape+Town+Open+Education+Declaration&rft.pub=Capetowndeclaration.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capetowndeclaration.org%2Fread-the-declaration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Home">"Wikimedia Foundation"</a>. <i>Wikimediafoundation.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310091214/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Home">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikimediafoundation.org&rft.atitle=Wikimedia+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwikimediafoundation.org%2Fwiki%2FHome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianleadersinstitute.org/online-ministry-training-admission">"Online Ministry Training Admission - Free Training"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Ministry+Training+Admission+-+Free+Training&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianleadersinstitute.org%2Fonline-ministry-training-admission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talloiresnetwork.tufts.edu/blog/news/2015/07/31/islamic-online-university-gambia/">"Islamic Online University (Gambia)"</a>. <i>The Talloires Network</i>. 31 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190623191043/https://talloiresnetwork.tufts.edu/blog/news/2015/07/31/islamic-online-university-gambia/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Talloires+Network&rft.atitle=Islamic+Online+University+%28Gambia%29&rft.date=2015-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftalloiresnetwork.tufts.edu%2Fblog%2Fnews%2F2015%2F07%2F31%2Fislamic-online-university-gambia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://risingsunlenasia.co.za/46664/education-centres-privileged-2/">"Education centres for the under privileged"</a>. <i>Rising Sun Lenasia</i>. 24 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125109/https://risingsunlenasia.co.za/46664/education-centres-privileged-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rising+Sun+Lenasia&rft.atitle=Education+centres+for+the+under+privileged&rft.date=2018-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frisingsunlenasia.co.za%2F46664%2Feducation-centres-privileged-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikieducator.org/index.php?title=User:Nidahasvidyalaya">"Wikimedia Foundation"</a>. <i>wikieducator.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125015/https://wikieducator.org/index.php?title=User%3ANidahasvidyalaya">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wikieducator.org&rft.atitle=Wikimedia+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwikieducator.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DUser%3ANidahasvidyalaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portail-de-la-gratuite.com/culture-education/philosophie/l-universit%C3%A9-populaire-de-caen/">"La Contre-Histoire de la philosophie : l'Université Populaire de Caen enfin disponible en podcasts"</a> [The Contra-History of Philosophy: the Popular University of Caen finally available on podcasts] (in French). 3 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125037/https://www.portail-de-la-gratuite.com/culture-education/philosophie/l-universit%C3%A9-populaire-de-caen/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Contre-Histoire+de+la+philosophie+%3A+l%27Universit%C3%A9+Populaire+de+Caen+enfin+disponible+en+podcasts&rft.date=2009-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portail-de-la-gratuite.com%2Fculture-education%2Fphilosophie%2Fl-universit%25C3%25A9-populaire-de-caen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nedaesfahan.ir/124591">"Media Literacy Movement of the Islamic Revolution (Nasra)"</a> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Literacy+Movement+of+the+Islamic+Revolution+%28Nasra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnedaesfahan.ir%2F124591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.farsnews.ir/isfahan/news/13990306000033">"داشتن سواد، ضرورت انکارناپذیر فضای رسانه‌ای امروز است"</a> (in Persian). 26 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125103/https://www.farsnews.ir/isfahan/news/13990306000033/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA-400-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%86+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C+%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsnews.ir%2Fisfahan%2Fnews%2F13990306000033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nedaesfahan.ir/124901">"Media Literacy Movement of the Islamic Revolution (Nasra)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Literacy+Movement+of+the+Islamic+Revolution+%28Nasra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnedaesfahan.ir%2F124901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EEA1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EEA1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students studying at state universities in Austria, Denmark, France, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden, as they aren't treated as international students by those state universities and do not have to pay tuition fees.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EEA2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EEA2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students studying at state universities in Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden, as they aren't treated as international students by those state universities and do not have to pay tuition fees.</span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools" title="Template:Schools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools" title="Template talk:Schools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="School_types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/School" title="School">School</a> types</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Educational_stage" title="Educational stage">educational stage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">Early childhood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">Preschool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-kindergarten" title="Pre-kindergarten">Pre-kindergarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_school" class="mw-redirect" title="First school">First school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_school" title="Infant school">Infant school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_infant_schools_outside_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Spread of infant schools outside Britain and Ireland">Global influence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_school" title="Junior school">Junior school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a> / Elementary school</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_high_school" title="Adult high school">Adult high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_college" title="Cadet college">Cadet college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College-preparatory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institute" title="Collegiate institute">Collegiate institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_high_school" title="Comprehensive high school">Comprehensive high school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_high_school" title="Continuation high school">Continuation high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">Grammar school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maths_school" title="Maths school">Maths school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">Minor seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">Secondary school</a> / High school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauptschule" title="Hauptschule">Hauptschule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">Sixth form college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_school" title="Studio school">Studio school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_technical_college" title="University technical college">University technical college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_school" title="Upper school">Upper school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional school">Professional school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical school">Technical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College" title="College">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">Community college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Graduate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">Junior college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">Liberal arts college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">Research university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">Residential college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">Collegiate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_division_college" title="Upper division college">Upper division college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_university" title="Vocational university">Vocational university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-through_school" title="All-through school">All-through school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_school" title="Ranch school">Ranch school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By funding / eligibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">Academy <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_day_school" title="Community day school">Community day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_education" title="For-profit education">For-profit education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_(England)" title="Free school (England)">Free school <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute" title="Institute">Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">Private school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">UK private school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory school (United Kingdom)">preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public</a></li></ul></li> <li>University <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_university" title="International university">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">Separate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink_school" title="Sink school">Sink school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Specialist schools in the United Kingdom">Specialist school <small>(United Kingdom)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State or public school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">State-integrated school <small>(New Zealand)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style / purpose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">Alternative school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">Democratic education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_free_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic free school">Anarchistic free school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_school" title="Sudbury school">Sudbury school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">International school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">Magnet school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-sex_education" title="Single-sex education">Single-sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_school" title="Specialist school">Specialist school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_school" title="Vocal school">Vocal school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_movement" title="Free school movement">Free school movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">Folk high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_school" title="Laboratory school">Laboratory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montessori_education" title="Montessori education">Montessori school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_school" title="Religious school">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_college" title="Bible college">Bible college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_seminary" title="Female seminary">Female seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">Parochial school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">Boarding school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">Day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">Distance education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_education" title="Prison education">Prison education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual school">Virtual school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensatory_education" title="Compensatory education">Compensatory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifted_education" title="Gifted education">Gifted education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive education">Inclusive education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remedial_education" title="Remedial education">Remedial education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">Special education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_higher-learning_institutions" title="Ancient higher-learning institutions">Ancient higher-learning institutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Lyceum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_school" title="Monastic school">Monastic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_school" title="Cathedral school">Cathedral school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Medieval university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Schools imposed on<br /><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_schools" title="Native schools">in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Bantu_Education" title="Department of Bantu Education">in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Informal or illegal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_school" title="Hedge school">in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krifo_scholio" title="Krifo scholio">in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakombenschule" title="Katakombenschule">in South Tyrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312" title="K–12">K–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational institution">Educational institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/16px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/24px-School.svg.png 1.5x, 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