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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_murder_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 After murder attempt </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-After_murder_attempt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle After murder attempt subsection </button> <ul id="toc-After_murder_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aggravated_assault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aggravated_assault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Aggravated assault </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aggravated_assault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Later life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item 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href="#Influence_and_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Influence and analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Valerie Solanas</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فاليري سولاناس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاليري سولاناس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="والری سولاناس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="والری سولاناس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ভ্যালারি সোলানাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভ্যালারি সোলানাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanasov%C3%A1" title="Valerie Solanasová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valerie Solanasová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="والری سولاناس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والری سولاناس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B8%EB%9F%AC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%86%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4" title="밸러리 솔라나스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밸러리 솔라나스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Վալերի Սոլանաս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վալերի Սոլանաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="ואלרי סולאנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואלרי סולאנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വലേരി സോളനാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വലേരി സോളനാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ڤاليرى سولاناس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤاليرى سولاناس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9" title="ヴァレリー・ソラナス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァレリー・ソラナス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Соланас, Валери – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соланас, Валери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeri_Solanas" title="Valeri Solanas – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Valeri Solanas" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valerie Solanas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Валері Соланас – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валері Соланас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%90%8A%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="瓦萊麗·索拉納斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦萊麗·索拉納斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11093#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American radical feminist (1936–1988)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Valerie Solanas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Valerie_Solanas_by_Fred_W._McDarrah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6e/Valerie_Solanas_by_Fred_W._McDarrah.jpg/220px-Valerie_Solanas_by_Fred_W._McDarrah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6e/Valerie_Solanas_by_Fred_W._McDarrah.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="372" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Solanas in the <a href="/wiki/Village_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Voice">Village Voice</a> newsroom, 1967, by <a href="/wiki/Fred_W._McDarrah" title="Fred W. McDarrah">Fred W. McDarrah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1936-04-09)April 9, 1936 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ventnor_City,_New_Jersey" title="Ventnor City, New Jersey">Ventnor City, New Jersey</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 25, 1988(1988-04-25) (aged 52) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical feminism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charges</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">Attempted murder</a>, assault, <a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">illegal possession of a gun</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plea_deal" class="mw-redirect" title="Plea deal">plead to</a> reckless assault with intent to harm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">3 years' incarceration</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Writing career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical feminism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a> (1967)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Up_Your_Ass_(play)" title="Up Your Ass (play)">Up Your Ass</a>, a play (<abbr title="written">wr.</abbr> 1965, <abbr title="premiered">prem.</abbr> 2000, <abbr title="published">publ.</abbr> 2014)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Solanas-signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Solanas-signature.png/150px-Solanas-signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Solanas-signature.png/225px-Solanas-signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Solanas-signature.png/300px-Solanas-signature.png 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="220" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Valerie Jean Solanas (April 9, 1936 – April 25, 1988) was an American <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">radical feminist</a> known for the <a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a>, which she self-published in 1967, and her attempt to murder artist <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a> in 1968. On June 3, 1968, Solanas went to <a href="/wiki/The_Factory" title="The Factory">The Factory</a>, shot Warhol and art critic <a href="/wiki/Mario_Amaya" title="Mario Amaya">Mario Amaya</a>, and attempted to shoot Warhol's manager, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Hughes" title="Frederick W. Hughes">Fred Hughes</a>. Solanas was charged with <a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">attempted murder</a>, assault, and illegal possession of a firearm. After her release, she continued to promote the SCUM Manifesto. She died in 1988 of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> in San Francisco. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Valerie Solanas was born in 1936 in <a href="/wiki/Ventnor_City,_New_Jersey" title="Ventnor City, New Jersey">Ventnor City, New Jersey</a>, to Louis Solanas and Dorothy Marie Biondo.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lord-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Her father was a bartender and her mother a dental assistant.<a href="#cite_note-Lord-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fahs_3-5">[5]</a> She had a younger sister, Judith Arlene Solanas Martinez.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Her father was born in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec, Canada, to parents who immigrated from Spain. Her mother was an Italian-American of <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Americans" title="Sicilian Americans">Sicilian</a> descent born in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_3-5">[5]</a> Solanas reported that her father regularly <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">sexually abused</a> her.<a href="#cite_note-Watson35-7">[7]</a> Her parents divorced when she was young, and her mother remarried shortly afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Solanas disliked her stepfather and began rebelling against her mother, becoming a <a href="/wiki/Truancy" title="Truancy">truant</a>. As a child, she wrote insults for children to use on one another, for the cost of a dime. She beat up a girl in high school who was bothering a younger boy, and also hit a <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lord-3">[3]</a> Because of her rebellious behavior, Solanas' mother sent her to be raised by her grandparents in 1949. Solanas reported that her grandfather was a violent alcoholic who often beat her. When she was aged 15, she left her grandparents and became homeless.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In 1953, Solanas gave birth to a son, fathered by a married sailor.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[a]</a> The child, named David, was taken away and she never saw him again.<a href="#cite_note-Coburn-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jobey-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a> Despite this, Solanas graduated from high school on time and earned a degree in <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a>, where she was in the <a href="/wiki/Psi_Chi" title="Psi Chi">Psi Chi</a> Honor Society.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> While at the University of Maryland, she hosted a call-in radio show where she gave advice on how to combat men.<a href="#cite_note-Watson35-7">[7]</a> Solanas was an open lesbian, despite the conservative cultural climate of the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-Heller2001-19">[17]</a> Solanas attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>'s Graduate School of Psychology, where she worked in the animal research laboratory,<a href="#cite_note-Nickels2005C-20">[18]</a> before dropping out and moving to attend <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a> for a few courses. It was during this time that she began writing the SCUM Manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-Jobey-14">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_York_City_and_the_Factory">New York City and the Factory</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New York City and the Factory">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warhol_silver_trunk_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="silver painted trunk within a Plexiglas vitrine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Warhol_silver_trunk_03.jpg/220px-Warhol_silver_trunk_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Warhol_silver_trunk_03.jpg/330px-Warhol_silver_trunk_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Warhol_silver_trunk_03.jpg/440px-Warhol_silver_trunk_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>This prop trunk, used in <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>'s Silver <a href="/wiki/The_Factory" title="The Factory">Factory</a>, is where the copy of the "Up Your Ass" script Solanas gave Warhol was eventually found after Warhol's death in 1987.</figcaption></figure> In the mid-1960s, Solanas moved to New York City and supported herself through <a href="/wiki/Begging" title="Begging">begging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_States" title="Prostitution in the United States">prostitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Heller2001-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> In 1965, she wrote two works: an autobiographical<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> short story, "A Young Girl's Primer on How to Attain the Leisure Class", and a play, <a href="/wiki/Up_Your_Ass_(play)" title="Up Your Ass (play)">Up Your Ass</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[c]</a> about a young prostitute.<a href="#cite_note-Heller2001-19">[17]</a> According to James Martin Harding, the play is "based on a plot about a woman who 'is a man-hating hustler and panhandler' and who ... ends up killing a man."<a href="#cite_note-CuttingPerfs-p168-24">[21]</a> Harding describes it as more a "provocation than ... a work of dramatic literature"<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> and "rather adolescent and contrived".<a href="#cite_note-CuttingPerfs-p168-24">[21]</a> The short story was published in <a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(magazine)" title="Cavalier (magazine)">Cavalier magazine</a> in July 1966.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> Up Your Ass remained unpublished until 2014.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> In 1967, Solanas called <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop artist</a> <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a> at his studio, <a href="/wiki/The_Factory" title="The Factory">The Factory</a>, and asked him to produce Up Your Ass. According to Warhol, he thought the title was "wonderful" and he invited her to come over with it.<a href="#cite_note-Warhol_1980-29">[26]</a> He accepted the script for review, told Solanas it was "well typed", and promised to read it.<a href="#cite_note-Nickels2005C-20">[18]</a> However, when he read the script he thought it was so pornographic that it must have been a police trap.<a href="#cite_note-Warhol_1980-29">[26]</a> Solanas later contacted Warhol about the script and when she was told that he had lost it, she started demanding money.<a href="#cite_note-Warhol_1980-29">[26]</a> She was staying at the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Chelsea" title="Hotel Chelsea">Chelsea Hotel</a> and told Warhol that she needed money for rent so he offered to pay her $25 to appear in his film <a href="/wiki/I,_a_Man" title="I, a Man">I, a Man</a> (1967).<a href="#cite_note-Warhol_1980-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nickels2005C-20">[18]</a> In her role in I, a Man, Solanas leaves the film's title character, played by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Baker_(American_actor)" title="Tom Baker (American actor)">Tom Baker</a>, to fend for himself, explaining, "I gotta go beat my meat" as she exits the scene.<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> She was satisfied with her experience working with Warhol and her performance in the film, and brought <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Girodias" title="Maurice Girodias">Maurice Girodias</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Press" title="Olympia Press">Olympia Press</a>, to see it. Girodias described her as being "very relaxed and friendly with Warhol". Solanas also had a nonspeaking role in Warhol's film <a href="/wiki/Bike_Boy" title="Bike Boy">Bike Boy</a> (1967).<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SCUM_Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: SCUM Manifesto">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a></div> In 1967, Solanas self-published her best-known work, the SCUM Manifesto, a scathing critique of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchal culture</a>. The manifesto's opening words are:<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"Life" in this "society" being, at best, an utter bore and no aspect of "society" being at all relevant to women, there remains to civic-minded, responsible, thrill-seeking females only to overthrow the government, eliminate the money system, institute complete automation and eliminate the male sex.</blockquote> Some authors have argued that the Manifesto is a <a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto#As_parody_and_satire" title="SCUM Manifesto">parody and satirical work</a> targeting patriarchy. According to Harding, Solanas described herself as "a social propagandist",<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> but she denied that the work was "a put on"<a href="#cite_note-Marmorstein_9-35">[32]</a> and insisted that her intent was "dead serious".<a href="#cite_note-Marmorstein_9-35">[32]</a> The Manifesto has been translated into over a dozen languages and is excerpted in several <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a> anthologies.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> While living at the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Chelsea" title="Hotel Chelsea">Chelsea Hotel</a>, Solanas introduced herself to Girodias, a fellow resident of the hotel. In August 1967, Girodias and Solanas signed<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> an informal contract stating that she would give Girodias her "next writing, and other writings".<a href="#cite_note-Baer-Outlaw-p202-41">[38]</a> In exchange, Girodias paid her $500.<a href="#cite_note-Baer-Outlaw-p202-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-BaerAbt-p51-43">[40]</a> Solanas took this to mean that Girodias would own her work.<a href="#cite_note-BaerAbt-p51-43">[40]</a> She told <a href="/wiki/Paul_Morrissey" title="Paul Morrissey">Paul Morrissey</a> that "everything I write will be his. He's done this to me .... He's screwed me!"<a href="#cite_note-BaerAbt-p51-43">[40]</a> Solanas intended to write a novel based on the SCUM Manifesto and believed that a conspiracy was behind Warhol's failure to return the Up Your Ass script. She suspected that he was coordinating with Girodias to steal her work. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shooting">Shooting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shooting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Andy_Warhol" title="Attempted assassination of Andy Warhol">Attempted assassination of Andy Warhol</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg/220px-Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg/330px-Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg/440px-Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a></figcaption></figure> According to an unquoted source in The Outlaw Bible of American Literature, on June 3, 1968, at 9:00 am, Solanas reportedly arrived at the Hotel Chelsea and asked for Girodias at the desk, only to be told he was gone for the weekend. She remained at the hotel for three hours before heading to the <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>, where she asked for <a href="/wiki/Barney_Rosset" title="Barney Rosset">Barney Rosset</a>, who was also not available.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p202-3-44">[41]</a> In her 2014 biography of Solanas, Breanne Fahs argues that it is unlikely that she appeared at the Chelsea Hotel looking for Girodias, speculating that Girodias may have fabricated the account in order to boost sales for the SCUM Manifesto, which he had published.<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_133-45">[42]</a> Fahs states that "the more likely story ... places Valerie at the <a href="/wiki/Actors_Studio" title="Actors Studio">Actors Studio</a> at 432 West Forty-Fourth Street early that morning".<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_133-134-46">[43]</a> Actress <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Miles" title="Sylvia Miles">Sylvia Miles</a> states that Solanas appeared at the Actors Studio looking for <a href="/wiki/Lee_Strasberg" title="Lee Strasberg">Lee Strasberg</a>, asking to leave a copy of Up Your Ass for him.<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_133-134-46">[43]</a> Miles said that Solanas "had a different look, a bit tousled, like somebody whose appearance is the last thing on her mind".<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_133-45">[42]</a> Miles told Solanas that Strasberg would not be in until the afternoon, accepted the script, and then "shut the door because I knew she was trouble. I didn't know what sort of trouble, but I knew she was trouble."<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_133-45">[42]</a> Fahs records that Solanas then traveled to producer <a href="/wiki/Margo_Feiden" title="Margo Feiden">Margo Feiden</a>'s (then Margo Eden) residence in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights, Brooklyn</a>, as she believed that Feiden would be willing to produce Up Your Ass. As related to Fahs, Solanas talked to Feiden for almost four hours, trying to convince her to produce the play and discussing her vision for a world without men. Throughout this time, Feiden repeatedly refused to produce the play. According to Feiden, Solanas then pulled out her gun, and when Feiden again refused to commit to producing the play, she responded, "Yes, you will produce the play because I'll shoot Andy Warhol and that will make me famous and the play famous, and then you'll produce it." As she was leaving Feiden's residence, Solanas handed Feiden a partial copy of an earlier draft of the play and other personal papers.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> Fahs describes how Feiden then "frantically called her local police precinct, Andy Warhol's precinct, police headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, and the offices of <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> to report what happened and inform them that Solanas was on her way at that very moment to shoot Andy Warhol".<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_137-49">[46]</a> In some instances, the police responded that "You can't arrest someone because you believe she is going to kill Andy Warhol", and even asked Feiden, "Listen lady, how would you know what a real gun looked like?"<a href="#cite_note-Fahs_137-49">[46]</a> In a 2009 interview with James Barron of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, Feiden said that she knew Solanas intended to kill Warhol, but could not prevent it.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> (A New York Times assistant Metro editor responded to an online comment regarding the story, saying that the Times "does not present the account as definitive".)<a href="#cite_note-not_definitive-51">[48]</a> Solanas proceeded to the Factory and waited outside. Morrissey arrived and asked her what she was doing there, and she replied, "I'm waiting for Andy to get money."<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p203-55">[51]</a> Morrissey tried to get rid of her by telling her that Warhol was not coming in that day, but she told him she would wait. At 2:00 pm Solanas went up into the studio. Morrissey told her again that Warhol was not coming in and that she had to leave. She left but rode the elevator up and down until Warhol finally boarded it.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p202-3-44">[41]</a> Solanas entered <a href="/wiki/The_Factory" title="The Factory">The Factory</a> with Warhol, who complimented her on her appearance as she was uncharacteristically wearing makeup. Morrissey told her to leave, threatening to "beat the hell" out of her and throw her out otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p203-55">[51]</a> The phone rang and Warhol answered while Morrissey went to the bathroom. While Warhol was on the phone, Solanas fired at him three times. Her first two shots missed, but the third went through his <a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p202-3-44">[41]</a> She then shot art critic <a href="/wiki/Mario_Amaya" title="Mario Amaya">Mario Amaya</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">hip</a>. Solanas further tried to shoot <a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Hughes" title="Frederick W. Hughes">Fred Hughes</a>, Warhol's manager, but her gun jammed.<a href="#cite_note-Harding2010C-56">[52]</a> Hughes asked her to leave, which she did, leaving behind a paper bag with her address book on a table.<a href="#cite_note-Harding2010C-56">[52]</a> Warhol was taken to <a href="/wiki/Cabrini_Medical_Center" title="Cabrini Medical Center">Columbus–Mother Cabrini Hospital</a>, where he underwent a successful five-hour operation.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p202-3-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> Later that day, Solanas turned herself in to police, gave up her gun, and confessed to the shooting,<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> telling an officer that Warhol "had too much control in my life".<a href="#cite_note-Harding2010B-59">[55]</a> She was fingerprinted and charged with <a href="/wiki/Felonious_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Felonious assault">felonious assault</a> and possession of a deadly weapon.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p204-60">[56]</a> The next morning, the New York <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">Daily News</a> ran the front-page headline: "Actress Shoots Andy Warhol". Solanas demanded a retraction of the statement that she was an actress. The Daily News changed the headline in its later edition and added a quote from Solanas stating, "I'm a writer, not an actress."<a href="#cite_note-Harding2010B-59">[55]</a> At her arraignment in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan Criminal Court">Manhattan Criminal Court</a>, Solanas denied shooting Warhol because he would not produce her play but said "it was for the opposite reason",<a href="#cite_note-ActressDefiant-col1-61">[57]</a> that "he has a legal claim on my works".<a href="#cite_note-ActressDefiant-col1-61">[57]</a> She told the judge that "it's not often that I shoot somebody. I didn't do it for nothing. Warhol had tied me up, lock, stock, and barrel. He was going to do something to me which would have ruined me."<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p204-60">[56]</a> She declared that she wanted to represent herself<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p204-60">[56]</a> and she insisted that she "was right in what I did! I have nothing to regret!"<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p204-60">[56]</a> The judge struck Solanas' comments from the court record<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p204-60">[56]</a> and had her admitted to <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Hospital" title="Bellevue Hospital">Bellevue Hospital</a> for psychiatric observation.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p204-60">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial">Trial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trial">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:26em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I consider that a moral act. And I consider it immoral that I missed. I should have done target practice. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Valerie Solanas on her assassination attempt on Andy Warhol<a href="#cite_note-replies-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Third-63">[59]</a></cite> </div> After a cursory evaluation, Solanas was declared mentally unstable and transferred to the prison ward of <a href="/wiki/Elmhurst_Hospital_Center" title="Elmhurst Hospital Center">Elmhurst Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> She appeared at <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> on June 13, 1968. <a href="/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy" title="Florynce Kennedy">Florynce Kennedy</a> represented her and asked for a writ of <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a>, arguing that Solanas was being held inappropriately at Elmhurst. The judge denied the motion and Solanas returned to Elmhurst. On June 28, Solanas was indicted on charges of <a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">attempted murder</a>, assault, and illegal possession of a firearm. She was declared "incompetent" in August and sent to <a href="/wiki/Matteawan_State_Hospital_for_the_Criminally_Insane" title="Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane">Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> That same month, Olympia Press published the SCUM Manifesto with essays by Girodias and Krassner.<a href="#cite_note-KaufmanRosset2004C-p204-60">[56]</a> In January 1969, Solanas underwent psychiatric evaluation and was diagnosed with chronic <a href="/wiki/Paranoid_schizophrenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranoid schizophrenia">paranoid schizophrenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Watson35-7">[7]</a> In June, she was deemed fit to stand trial. She represented herself without an attorney and pleaded guilty to "reckless assault with intent to harm"/<a href="#cite_note-Jansen153-66">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-AKPress55-67">[63]</a> Solanas was sentenced to three years in prison, with one year of time served.<a href="#cite_note-Jansen153-66">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-AKPress55-67">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_murder_attempt">After murder attempt</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After murder attempt">edit</a>]</div> The shooting of Warhol propelled Solanas into the public spotlight, prompting a flurry of commentary and opinions in the media. Robert Marmorstein, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>, declared that Solanas "has dedicated the remainder of her life to the avowed purpose of eliminating every single male from the face of the earth".<a href="#cite_note-Marmorstein_9-35">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a> called her the "<a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a> of feminism".<a href="#cite_note-Nickels2005D-68">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ti-Grace_Atkinson" title="Ti-Grace Atkinson">Ti-Grace Atkinson</a>, the New York chapter president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a> (NOW), described Solanas as "the first outstanding champion of women's rights"<a href="#cite_note-Nickels2005D-68">[64]</a> and "a 'heroine' of the feminist movement",<a href="#cite_note-Friedan_109-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Friedan_138-70">[66]</a> and "smuggled [her manifesto] ... out of the mental hospital where Solanas was confined".<a href="#cite_note-Friedan_109-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Friedan_138-70">[66]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a>, the NOW board rejected Atkinson's statement.<a href="#cite_note-Friedan_138-70">[66]</a> Atkinson left NOW and founded another feminist organization.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> According to Friedan, "the media continued to treat Ti-Grace as a leader of the women's movement, despite its repudiation of her".<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> Kennedy, another NOW member, called Solanas "one of the most important spokeswomen of the feminist movement."<a href="#cite_note-Nickels2005C-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> English professor <a href="/wiki/Dana_Heller" title="Dana Heller">Dana Heller</a> argued that Solanas was "very much aware of feminist organizations and activism",<a href="#cite_note-Heller_160-74">[70]</a> but "had no interest in participating in what she often described as 'a <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> <a href="/wiki/Luncheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Luncheon">luncheon</a> club.'"<a href="#cite_note-Heller_160-74">[70]</a> Heller also stated that Solanas could "reject mainstream <a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">liberal feminism</a> for its blind adherence to cultural codes of feminine politeness and decorum which the SCUM Manifesto identifies as the source of women's debased social status".<a href="#cite_note-Heller_160-74">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aggravated_assault">Aggravated assault</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aggravated assault">edit</a>]</div> After Solanas was released from the New York State Prison for Women in 1971,<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> she <a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">stalked</a> Warhol and others over the telephone.<a href="#cite_note-AKPress55-67">[63]</a> In November 1971, Solanas <a href="/wiki/Recidivism" title="Recidivism">was arrested again</a> for aggravated assault after threatening <a href="/wiki/Barney_Rosset" title="Barney Rosset">Barney Rosset</a>, editor of <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Review" title="Evergreen Review">Evergreen Review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> She was subsequently institutionalized several times and then drifted into obscurity.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life">edit</a>]</div> Solanas may have intended to write an eponymous autobiography.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> In a 1977 Village Voice interview,<a href="#cite_note-Heller_151-80">[76]</a> she announced a book with her name as the title.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> The book, possibly intended as a parody, was supposed to deal with the "conspiracy" that led to her imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-Heller_151-80">[76]</a> In a corrective 1977 Village Voice interview, Solanas said the book would not be autobiographical other than a small portion and that it would be about many things, include proof of statements in the manifesto, and would "deal very intensively with the subject of bullshit", but she said nothing about parody.<a href="#cite_note-replies-62">[58]</a> In the mid-1970s, according to Heller, Solanas was "apparently homeless" in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-Heller_164-82">[78]</a> "continued to defend her political beliefs and the SCUM Manifesto",<a href="#cite_note-Heller_164-82">[78]</a> and "actively promoted" her new Manifesto revision.<a href="#cite_note-Heller_164-82">[78]</a> In the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Collin_Dufresne" title="Isabelle Collin Dufresne">Ultra Violet</a> tracked down Solanas in <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">northern California</a> and interviewed her over the phone.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> According to Ultra Violet, Solanas had changed her name to Onz Loh and stated that the August 1968 version of the Manifesto had many errors, unlike her own printed version of October 1967, and that the book had not sold well. Solanas said that until she was informed by Violet, she was unaware of Warhol's death in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[e]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Valerie_Jean_Solanas_-_Stierch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grave_of_Valerie_Jean_Solanas_-_Stierch.JPG/220px-Grave_of_Valerie_Jean_Solanas_-_Stierch.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grave_of_Valerie_Jean_Solanas_-_Stierch.JPG/330px-Grave_of_Valerie_Jean_Solanas_-_Stierch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Grave_of_Valerie_Jean_Solanas_-_Stierch.JPG/440px-Grave_of_Valerie_Jean_Solanas_-_Stierch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The grave of Valerie Jean Solanas at Saint Marys Catholic Church Cemetery, Fairfax County, Virginia</figcaption></figure> On April 25, 1988, at the age of 52, Valerie Solanas died of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Bristol" title="Hotel Bristol">Bristol Hotel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tenderloin,_San_Francisco" title="Tenderloin, San Francisco">Tenderloin district</a> of San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> A building superintendent at the hotel, not on duty that night, had a vague memory of Solanas: "Once, he had to enter her room, and he saw her typing at her desk. There was a pile of typewritten pages beside her. What she was writing and what happened to the manuscript remain a mystery."<a href="#cite_note-Coburn-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> Her mother burned all her belongings posthumously.<a href="#cite_note-Coburn-13">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Popular culture">edit</a>]</div> Composer <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Oliveros" title="Pauline Oliveros">Pauline Oliveros</a> released "To Valerie Solanas and <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> in Recognition of Their Desperation" in 1970. In the work, Oliveros seeks to explore how, "Both women seemed to be desperate and caught in the traps of inequality: Monroe needed to be recognized for her talent as an actress. Solanas wished to be supported for her own creative work."<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> Actress <a href="/wiki/Lili_Taylor" title="Lili Taylor">Lili Taylor</a> played Solanas in the film <a href="/wiki/I_Shot_Andy_Warhol" title="I Shot Andy Warhol">I Shot Andy Warhol</a> (1996), which focused on Solanas's assassination attempt on Warhol (played by <a href="/wiki/Jared_Harris" title="Jared Harris">Jared Harris</a>). Taylor won Special Recognition for Outstanding Performance at the <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a> for her role.<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> The film's director, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Harron" title="Mary Harron">Mary Harron</a>, requested permission to use songs by <a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a> but was denied by <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>, who feared that Solanas would be glorified in the film. Six years before the film's release, Reed and <a href="/wiki/John_Cale" title="John Cale">John Cale</a> included a song about Solanas, "I Believe", on their <a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept album</a> about Warhol, <a href="/wiki/Songs_for_Drella" title="Songs for Drella">Songs for Drella</a> (1990). In "I Believe", Reed sings, "I believe life's serious enough for retribution ... I believe being sick is no excuse. And I believe I would've pulled the switch on her myself." Reed believed Solanas was to blame for Warhol's death from a <a href="/wiki/Gallbladder" title="Gallbladder">gallbladder</a> infection twenty years after she shot him.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> Up Your Ass was rediscovered in 1999 and produced in 2000 by <a href="/wiki/George_Coates" title="George Coates">George Coates Performance Works</a> in San Francisco. The copy Warhol had lost was found in a trunk of lighting equipment owned by Billy Name. Coates learned about the rediscovered manuscript while at an exhibition at <a href="/wiki/The_Andy_Warhol_Museum" title="The Andy Warhol Museum">The Andy Warhol Museum</a> marking the 30th anniversary of the shooting. Coates turned the piece into a musical with an all-female cast. Coates consulted with Solanas' sister, Judith, while writing the piece, and sought to create a "very funny satirist" out of Solanas, not just showing her as Warhol's attempted assassin.<a href="#cite_note-Coburn-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carr-93">[88]</a> Solanas' life has inspired three plays. Valerie Shoots Andy (2001), by Carson Kreitzer, starred two actors playing a younger (Heather Grayson) and an older (Lynne McCollough) Solanas.<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a> Tragedy in Nine Lives (2003), by Karen Houppert, examined the encounter between Solanas and Warhol as a <a href="/wiki/Greek_tragedy" title="Greek tragedy">Greek tragedy</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Francis" title="Juliana Francis">Juliana Francis</a> as Solanas.<a href="#cite_note-Carr-93">[88]</a> In 2011, Pop!, a musical by Maggie-Kate Coleman and Anna K. Jacobs, focused mainly on Warhol (played by Tom Story). Rachel Zampelli played Solanas and sang "Big Gun", described as the "evening's strongest number" by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> Swedish author <a href="/wiki/Sara_Stridsberg" title="Sara Stridsberg">Sara Stridsberg</a> wrote a <a href="/wiki/Semi-fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-fiction">semi-fictional</a> novel about Solanas called Drömfakulteten ('The Dream Faculty'), published in 2006. The book's narrator visits Solanas toward the end of her life at the Bristol Hotel. Stridsberg was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council%27s_Literature_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Council's Literature Prize">Nordic Council's Literature Prize</a> for the book.<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a> The novel was later translated into and published in English under the title Valerie, or, The Faculty of Dreams: A Novel in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a> In 2006 Solanas was featured in eleventh episode of the second season <a href="/wiki/Adult_Swim" title="Adult Swim">Adult Swim</a> show <a href="/wiki/The_Venture_Bros." title="The Venture Bros.">The Venture Bros</a> as part of a group called The Groovy Gang. The group was a parody of the <a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo" title="Scooby-Doo">Scooby Gang</a> from <a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo" title="Scooby-Doo">Scooby-Doo</a> and was made up of parodies of Solanas (<a href="/wiki/Velma_Dinkley" title="Velma Dinkley">Velma</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ted_Bundy" title="Ted Bundy">Ted Bundy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fred_Jones_(Scooby-Doo)" title="Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)">Fred</a>), <a href="/wiki/David_Berkowitz" title="David Berkowitz">David Berkowitz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shaggy_Rogers" title="Shaggy Rogers">Shaggy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Patty_Hearst" title="Patty Hearst">Patty Hearst</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daphne_Blake" title="Daphne Blake">Daphne</a>), and <a href="/wiki/David_Berkowitz" title="David Berkowitz">Groovy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo_(character)" title="Scooby-Doo (character)">Scooby</a>). In the episode she is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Joanna_P._Adler" class="mw-redirect" title="Joanna P. Adler">Joanna Adler</a>. Most of her lines in the episode are quotes from the SCUM Manifesto. Solanas was featured in a 2017 episode of the <a href="/wiki/FX_(TV_channel)" title="FX (TV channel)">FX</a> series <a href="/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Cult" title="American Horror Story: Cult">American Horror Story: Cult</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Valerie_Solanas_Died_for_Your_Sins:_Scumbag" title="Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag">Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag</a>". She was played by <a href="/wiki/Lena_Dunham" title="Lena Dunham">Lena Dunham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a> The episode portrayed Solanas as the instigator of most of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac_Killer" title="Zodiac Killer">Zodiac Killer</a> murders. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_and_analysis">Influence and analysis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Influence and analysis">edit</a>]</div> Author James Martin Harding explained that, by declaring herself independent from Warhol, after her arrest she "aligned herself with the historical <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a>'s rejection of the traditional structures of bourgeois theater"/<a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a> and that her anti-patriarchal "militant hostility ... pushed the avant-garde in radically new directions".<a href="#cite_note-100">[95]</a> Harding believed that Solanas' assassination attempt on Warhol was its own theatrical performance.<a href="#cite_note-101">[96]</a> At the shooting, she left on a table at the Factory a paper bag containing a gun, her address book, and a <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_napkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanitary napkin">sanitary napkin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[97]</a> Harding stated that leaving behind the sanitary napkin was part of the performance,<a href="#cite_note-103">[98]</a> and called "attention to basic feminine experiences that were publically [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] taboo and tacitly elided within avant-garde circles".<a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a> Feminist philosopher <a href="/wiki/Avital_Ronell" title="Avital Ronell">Avital Ronell</a> compared Solanas to an array of people: <a href="/wiki/John_and_Lorena_Bobbitt" title="John and Lorena Bobbitt">Lorena Bobbitt</a>, a "girl <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>", <a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Unabomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Unabomber">Unabomber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medea" title="Medea">Medea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[100]</a> Ronell believed that Solanas was threatened by the hyper-feminine women of the Factory that Warhol liked and felt lonely because of the rejection she felt due to her own <a href="/wiki/Butch_and_femme" title="Butch and femme">butch</a> <a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">androgyny</a>. She believed Solanas was ahead of her time, living in a period before feminist and lesbian activists such as the <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_Girls" title="Guerrilla Girls">Guerrilla Girls</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Avengers" title="Lesbian Avengers">Lesbian Avengers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nickels2005D-68">[64]</a> Solanas has also been credited with instigating <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">radical feminism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Third-63">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Lord" title="Catherine Lord">Catherine Lord</a> wrote that "the feminist movement would not have happened without Valerie Solanas".<a href="#cite_note-Lord-3">[3]</a> Lord believed that the reissuing of the SCUM Manifesto and the disowning of Solanas by "women's liberation politicos" triggered a wave of radical feminist publications. According to <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Gornick" title="Vivian Gornick">Vivian Gornick</a>, many of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's liberation">women's liberation</a> activists who initially distanced themselves from Solanas changed their minds a year later, developing the first wave of radical feminism.<a href="#cite_note-Lord-3">[3]</a> At the same time, perceptions of Warhol were transformed from largely nonpolitical into political martyrdom because the motive for the shooting was political, according to Harding and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Bockris" title="Victor Bockris">Victor Bockris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a> Solanas' idiosyncratic views on gender are a focus of <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Long_Chu" title="Andrea Long Chu">Andrea Long Chu's</a> 2019 book, <a href="/wiki/Females_(Chu_book)" title="Females (Chu book)">Females</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a> Fahs describes Solanas as a contradiction that "alienates her from the feminist movement", arguing that Solanas never wanted to be "in movement" but nevertheless fractured the feminist movement by provoking NOW members to disagree about her case. Many contradictions are seen in Solanas' lifestyle as a lesbian who sexually serviced men, her claim to be <a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">asexual</a>, a rejection of <a href="/wiki/Queer_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Queer culture">queer culture</a>, and a non-interest in working with others despite a dependency on others.<a href="#cite_note-Fahs2008-11">[11]</a> Fahs also brings into question the contradictory stories of Solanas' life. She is described as a victim, a rebel, and a desperate loner, yet her cousin says she worked as a <a href="/wiki/Waitress" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitress">waitress</a> in her late 20s and 30s, not primarily as a prostitute, and friend Geoffrey LaGear said she had a "groovy childhood". Solanas also kept in touch with her father throughout her life, despite claiming that he sexually abused her. Fahs believes that Solanas embraced these contradictions as a key part of her identity.<a href="#cite_note-Fahs2008-11">[11]</a> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> started a series of delayed <a href="/wiki/Obituary" title="Obituary">obituaries</a> of significant individuals whose importance the paper's obituary writers had not recognized at the time of their deaths. In June 2020, they started a series of obituaries on LGBTQ individuals, and on June 26, they profiled Solanas.<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a> Alice Echols stated that Solanas' "unabashed <a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">misandry</a>" was not typical within most radical feminist groups during the latter's time.<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Up Your Ass (1965)<a href="#cite_note-112">[f]</a></li> <li>"A Young Girl's Primer on How to Attain the Leisure Class", <a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(magazine)" title="Cavalier (magazine)">Cavalier</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a> (1967)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Solanas's cousin claimed the man was a sailor, and that she may have also given birth to a second child before leaving home.<a href="#cite_note-Fahs2008-11">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Lord stated that Solanas and her son lived with "a middle-class military couple outside of Washington, D.C." before she went to the University of Maryland. This couple might have paid for her college tuition, according to Lord.<a href="#cite_note-Lord-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> The original title of the work is Up Your Ass, or, From the Cradle to the Boat, or, The Big Suck, or, Up from the Slime.<a href="#cite_note-Lord-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fahs2008-11">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> "The Times does not present Ms. Fieden's account as definitive ... [but] consider[s] this just one angle of the story".<a href="#cite_note-not_definitive-51">[48]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Violet objected to assassination;<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> for a possible contrast in her views and another near-killing of Warhol, see: <a href="#CITEREFViolet1990">Violet (1990)</a>, p. 241. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Although Up Your Ass was written in 1965, it was not produced as a play until 2000, and was not published until 2014 (as a <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a> ebook).<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> State of California. California Death Index, 1940–1997. Sacramento, CA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFViolet1990">Violet (1990)</a>, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lord-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lord_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lord_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lord_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lord_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lord_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lord_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lord_3-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFLord2010">Lord (2010)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarron1996">Harron (1996)</a>, p. xi. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fahs_3-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fahs_3_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahs_3_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFahs2014">Fahs (2014)</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJansen2011">Jansen (2011)</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson35-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson35_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson35_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson35_7-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatson2003">Watson (2003)</a>, pp. 35–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSolanas1996">Solanas (1996)</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuchanan2011">Buchanan (2011)</a>, p. 132. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFahs2014">Fahs (2014)</a>, pp. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fahs2008-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fahs2008_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahs2008_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahs2008_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahs2008_11-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFFahs2008">Fahs (2008)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Coburn-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coburn_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coburn_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coburn_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coburn_13-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoburn2000" class="citation web cs1">Coburn, Judith (January 11, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013095242/http://www.villagevoice.com/2000-01-11/news/solanas-lost-and-found/">"Solanas Lost and Found"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.villagevoice.com/2000-01-11/news/solanas-lost-and-found/">the original</a> on October 13, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=Solanas+Lost+and+Found&rft.date=2000-01-11&rft.aulast=Coburn&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.villagevoice.com%2F2000-01-11%2Fnews%2Fsolanas-lost-and-found%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jobey-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jobey_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jobey_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobey,_Liz1996" class="citation news cs1">Jobey, Liz, Liz (August 24, 1996). "Solanas and Son". <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Solanas+and+Son&rft.date=1996-08-24&rft.aulast=Jobey%2C+Liz&rft.aufirst=Liz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHewitt2004">Hewitt (2004)</a>, p. 602. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeller2008">Heller (2008)</a>, p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Regarding the honor society: <a href="#CITEREFJansen2011">Jansen (2011)</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-Heller2001-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heller2001_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heller2001_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heller2001_19-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeller2001">Heller (2001)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nickels2005C-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nickels2005C_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickels2005C_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickels2005C_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nickels2005C_20-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFNickels2005">Nickels (2005)</a>, pp. 15–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHamilton2002">Hamilton (2002)</a>, pp. 264 ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSolanas1968">Solanas (1968)</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-CuttingPerfs-p168-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CuttingPerfs-p168_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CuttingPerfs-p168_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, p. 168. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatson2003">Watson (2003)</a>, p. 447. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolanas1966" class="citation journal cs1">Solanas, Valerie (July 1966). "For 2¢: Pain". <a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(magazine)" title="Cavalier (magazine)">Cavalier</a>: 38–40, 76–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cavalier&rft.atitle=For+2%C2%A2%3A+Pain&rft.pages=38-40%2C+76-77&rft.date=1966-07&rft.aulast=Solanas&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolanas2014" class="citation book cs1">Solanas, Valerie (March 31, 2014). Up Your Ass. VandA.ePublishing. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JE6N2UG">B00JE6N2UG</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Up+Your+Ass&rft.pub=VandA.ePublishing&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00JE6N2UG%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Solanas&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warhol_1980-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warhol_1980_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warhol_1980_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warhol_1980_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warhol_1980_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarhol1980" class="citation book cs1">Warhol, Andy (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popismwarhol60s0000warh/mode/2up?q=valerie">Popism: The Warhol '60s</a>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-173095-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-173095-7"><bdi>978-0-15-173095-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popism%3A+The+Warhol+%2760s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-15-173095-7&rft.aulast=Warhol&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopismwarhol60s0000warh%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dvalerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Warhol, Andy (Director) (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0220569">I, a Man</a> (Motion picture).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I%2C+a+Man&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0220569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaufmanOrtenbergRosset2004">Kaufman, Ortenberg & Rosset (2004)</a>, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSolanas1967">Solanas (1967)</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeMonte2010">DeMonte (2010)</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, p. 152, citing <a href="#CITEREFFrank1996">Frank (1996)</a>, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-Marmorstein_9-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marmorstein_9_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marmorstein_9_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marmorstein_9_35-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarmorstein1968">Marmorstein (1968)</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHewitt2004">Hewitt (2004)</a>, p. 603. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorgan1970">Morgan (1970)</a>, pp. 514–519. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> See also <a href="#CITEREFRich1993">Rich (1993)</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeller2008">Heller (2008)</a>, p. 165, citing as excerpting SCUM Manifesto: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolmarBartkowski2000" class="citation book cs1">Kolmar, Wendy; Bartkowski, Frances, eds. 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Retrieved September 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=How+American+Horror+Story%3A+Cult+Will+Change+the+A.H.S.+Game&rft.date=2017-08-29&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2017%2F08%2Famerican-horror-story-cult-spoilers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, pp. 29, 30, 31, 33, 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, chap. 6, esp. pp. 151–158; and see pp. 21, 24, 26, 29, 63 & 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, pp. 151–153. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, pp. 152, 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRonell2004">Ronell (2004)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarding2010">Harding (2010)</a>, p. 172, citing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBockris" class="citation book cs1">Bockris, Victor. The Life and Death of Andy Warhol. p. 236.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Death+of+Andy+Warhol&rft.pages=236&rft.aulast=Bockris&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorusso2019" class="citation web cs1">Lorusso, Melissa (October 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774365692/in-females-the-state-is-less-a-biological-condition-than-an-existential-one">"In 'Females,' The State Is Less a Biological Condition Than an Existential One"</a>. NPR. Retrieved June 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=In+%27Females%2C%27+The+State+Is+Less+a+Biological+Condition+Than+an+Existential+One&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft.aulast=Lorusso&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F10%2F30%2F774365692%2Fin-females-the-state-is-less-a-biological-condition-than-an-existential-one&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWertheim2020" class="citation news cs1">Wertheim, Bonnie (June 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/obituaries/valerie-solanas-overlooked.html">"Overlooked No More: Valerie Solanas, Radical Feminist Who Shot Andy Warhol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <q>Overlooked is a series of obituaries about remarkable people whose deaths, beginning in 1851, went unreported in The Times. This month we're adding the stories of important L.G.B.T.Q. figures.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Overlooked+No+More%3A+Valerie+Solanas%2C+Radical+Feminist+Who+Shot+Andy+Warhol&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.aulast=Wertheim&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F26%2Fobituaries%2Fvalerie-solanas-overlooked.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEchols1989">Echols (1989)</a>, p. 104–105. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEchols1989">Echols (1989)</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolanas2014" class="citation book cs1">Solanas, Valerie (March 31, 2014). Up Your Ass. VandA.ePublishing. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JE6N2UG">B00JE6N2UG</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Up+Your+Ass&rft.pub=VandA.ePublishing&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00JE6N2UG%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Solanas&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaer1996" class="citation book cs1">Baer, Freddie (1996). "About Valerie Solanas". In Solanas, Valerie (ed.). SCUM Manifesto. Edinburgh: AK Press. pp. 48–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-44-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-44-3"><bdi>978-1-873176-44-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=About+Valerie+Solanas&rft.btitle=SCUM+Manifesto&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=48-57&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-873176-44-3&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=Freddie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2011" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, Paul D. (2011). Radical Feminists: A Guide to an American Subculture. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-356-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-356-9"><bdi>978-1-59884-356-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Feminists%3A+A+Guide+to+an+American+Subculture&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-356-9&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeMonte2010" class="citation book cs1">DeMonte, Alexandra (2010). "Feminism: Second-wave". In Chapman, Roger (ed.). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84972-713-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84972-713-6"><bdi>978-1-84972-713-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism%3A+Second-wave&rft.btitle=Culture+Wars%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Issues%2C+Viewpoints%2C+and+Voices&rft.place=Armonk%2C+New+York&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84972-713-6&rft.aulast=DeMonte&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillenberger2001" class="citation book cs1">Dillenberger, Jane Daggett (2001). The Religious Art of Andy Warhol. New York: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826413345" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826413345"><bdi>978-0826413345</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religious+Art+of+Andy+Warhol&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0826413345&rft.aulast=Dillenberger&rft.aufirst=Jane+Daggett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEchols1989" class="citation book cs1">Echols, Alice (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/daringtobebadrad0000echo/page/104/mode/2up">Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967–1975</a>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816617869" title="Special:BookSources/9780816617869"><bdi>9780816617869</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daring+to+Be+Bad%3A+Radical+Feminism+in+America%2C+1967%E2%80%931975&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780816617869&rft.aulast=Echols&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdaringtobebadrad0000echo%2Fpage%2F104%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahs2008" class="citation journal cs1">Fahs, Breanne (Fall 2008). "The radical possibilities of Valerie Solanas". <a href="/wiki/Feminist_Studies" title="Feminist Studies">Feminist Studies</a>. 34 (3): 591–617. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459223">20459223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Studies&rft.atitle=The+radical+possibilities+of+Valerie+Solanas&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=591-617&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20459223%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fahs&rft.aufirst=Breanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahs2014" class="citation book cs1">Fahs, Breanne (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feministpress.org/books-n-z/valer">Valerie Solanas: The Defiant Life of the Woman Who Wrote SCUM (and Shot Andy Warhol)</a>. New York: The Feminist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1558618480" title="Special:BookSources/978-1558618480"><bdi>978-1558618480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valerie+Solanas%3A+The+Defiant+Life+of+the+Woman+Who+Wrote+SCUM+%28and+Shot+Andy+Warhol%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Feminist+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1558618480&rft.aulast=Fahs&rft.aufirst=Breanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.feministpress.org%2Fbooks-n-z%2Fvaler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1996" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Marcie (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popoutqueerwarho00jenn">"Popping off Warhol: From the gutter to the underground and beyond"</a>. In Doyle, Jennifer; Flatley, Jonathan; Muñoz, José Esteban (eds.). Pop Out: Queer Warhol. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popoutqueerwarho00jenn/page/210">210–223</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1741-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1741-8"><bdi>978-0-8223-1741-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Popping+off+Warhol%3A+From+the+gutter+to+the+underground+and+beyond&rft.btitle=Pop+Out%3A+Queer+Warhol&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=210-223&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-1741-8&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Marcie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopoutqueerwarho00jenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedan1976" class="citation book cs1">Friedan, Betty (1976). It Changed My Life: Writings on the Women's Movement. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46398-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-46398-8"><bdi>978-0-394-46398-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It+Changed+My+Life%3A+Writings+on+the+Women%27s+Movement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-394-46398-8&rft.aulast=Friedan&rft.aufirst=Betty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedan1998" class="citation book cs1">Friedan, Betty (1998) [1963]. It Changed My Life: Writings on the Women's Movement. 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Rebels and Renegades: A Chronology of Social and Political Dissent in the United States. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93639-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93639-2"><bdi>978-0-415-93639-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebels+and+Renegades%3A+A+Chronology+of+Social+and+Political+Dissent+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93639-2&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Neil+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding2010" class="citation book cs1">Harding, James Martin (2010). Cutting Performances: Collage Events, Feminist Artists, and the American Avant-Garde. Ann Arbor: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11718-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11718-5"><bdi>978-0-472-11718-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cutting+Performances%3A+Collage+Events%2C+Feminist+Artists%2C+and+the+American+Avant-Garde&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11718-5&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=James+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarron1996" class="citation book cs1">Harron, Mary (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ishotandywarhol00harr/page/">"Introduction: On Valerie Solanas"</a>. 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Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 151–168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1123-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1123-9"><bdi>978-0-7391-1123-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shooting+Solanas%3A+Radical+feminist+history+and+the+technology+of+failure&rft.btitle=Feminist+Time+against+Nation+Time%3A+Gender%2C+Politics%2C+and+the+Nation-State+in+an+Age+of+Permanent+War&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=151-168&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-1123-9&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Dana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitt2004" class="citation book cs1">Hewitt, Nancy A. (2004). "Solanas, Valerie". 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/outlawbibleofame0000unse">The Outlaw Bible of American Literature</a>. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-550-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-550-5"><bdi>978-1-56025-550-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Outlaw+Bible+of+American+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-56025-550-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foutlawbibleofame0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lord, Catherine (2010). "Wonder waif meets super neuter". <a href="/wiki/October_(journal)" title="October (journal)">October</a>. 132 (132): 135–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Focto.2010.132.1.135">10.1162/octo.2010.132.1.135</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57566909">57566909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=October&rft.atitle=Wonder+waif+meets+super+neuter&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=132&rft.pages=135-136&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Focto.2010.132.1.135&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57566909%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarmorstein1968" class="citation journal cs1">Marmorstein, Robert (June 13, 1968). "A winter memory of Valerie Solanis [sic]: Scum goddess". The Village Voice. XIII (35): 9–10, 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=A+winter+memory+of+Valerie+Solanis+%5Bsic%5D%3A+Scum+goddess&rft.volume=XIII&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=9-10%2C+20&rft.date=1968-06-13&rft.aulast=Marmorstein&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1970" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Robin (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sisterhoodispowe00vint">Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From the Women's Liberation Movement</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-70539-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-70539-2"><bdi>978-0-394-70539-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sisterhood+is+Powerful%3A+An+Anthology+of+Writings+From+the+Women%27s+Liberation+Movement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-394-70539-2&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsisterhoodispowe00vint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickels2005" class="citation book cs1">Nickels, Thom (2005). Out in History: Collected Essays. STARbooks Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-891855-58-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-891855-58-0"><bdi>978-1-891855-58-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+in+History%3A+Collected+Essays&rft.pub=STARbooks+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-891855-58-0&rft.aulast=Nickels&rft.aufirst=Thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._Ruby_Rich" title="B. Ruby Rich">Rich, B. Ruby</a> (1993). "Manifesto destiny: Drawing a bead on Valerie Solanas". Voice Literary Supplement. 119: 16–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+Literary+Supplement&rft.atitle=Manifesto+destiny%3A+Drawing+a+bead+on+Valerie+Solanas&rft.volume=119&rft.pages=16-17&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=B.+Ruby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonell2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avital_Ronell" title="Avital Ronell">Ronell, Avital</a> (2004). "Deviant payback: The aims of Valerie Solanas". In Solanas, Valerie (ed.). SCUM Manifesto. London: Verso. pp. 1–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-553-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-553-0"><bdi>978-1-85984-553-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deviant+payback%3A+The+aims+of+Valerie+Solanas&rft.btitle=SCUM+Manifesto&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1-32&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85984-553-0&rft.aulast=Ronell&rft.aufirst=Avital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolanas1967" class="citation book cs1">Solanas, Valerie (1967). SCUM Manifesto. self-published.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SCUM+Manifesto&rft.pub=self-published&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Solanas&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolanas1968" class="citation book cs1">Solanas, Valerie (1968). SCUM Manifesto. Olympia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SCUM+Manifesto&rft.pub=Olympia+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Solanas&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolanas1996" class="citation book cs1">Solanas, Valerie (1996). SCUM Manifesto. San Francisco: AK Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-44-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-44-3"><bdi>978-1-873176-44-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SCUM+Manifesto&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-873176-44-3&rft.aulast=Solanas&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThird2006" class="citation journal cs1">Third, Amanda (2006). 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New York: Avon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-70843-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-70843-7"><bdi>978-0-380-70843-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+for+15+Minutes%3A+My+Years+with+Andy+Warhol&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-380-70843-7&rft.aulast=Violet&rft.aufirst=Ultra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Watson_(author)" title="Steven Watson (author)">Watson, Steven</a> (2003). Factory Made: Warhol and the Sixties. New York: Pantheon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-42372-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-42372-0"><bdi>978-0-679-42372-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Factory+Made%3A+Warhol+and+the+Sixties&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-679-42372-0&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis1992" class="citation book cs1">Willis, Ellen (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nomorenicegirlsc00will/page/117">"Radical feminism and feminist radicalism"</a>. No More Nice Girls: Countercultural Essays. Wesleyan University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nomorenicegirlsc00will/page/117">117–150</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5250-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5250-1"><bdi>978-0-8195-5250-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Radical+feminism+and+feminist+radicalism&rft.btitle=No+More+Nice+Girls%3A+Countercultural+Essays&rft.pages=117-150&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-5250-1&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnomorenicegirlsc00will%2Fpage%2F117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkiel1999" class="citation book cs1">Winkiel, Laura (1999). "The 'sweet assassin' and the performative politics of SCUM Manifesto". In Smith, Patricia Juliana (ed.). The Queer Sixties. New York: Routledge. pp. 62–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92169-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92169-5"><bdi>978-0-415-92169-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%27sweet+assassin%27+and+the+performative+politics+of+SCUM+Manifesto&rft.btitle=The+Queer+Sixties&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=62-86&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-92169-5&rft.aulast=Winkiel&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValerie+Solanas" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Valerie Solanas <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=135325">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=135325&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow">By Valerie Solanas <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=135325">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=135325&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Valerie_Solanas" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Valerie Solanas">Valerie Solanas</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Valerie_Solanas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Valerie Solanas">Valerie Solanas</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429044932/http://www.feministpress.org/books/breanne-fahs/valerie-solanas">Valerie Solanas The Defiant Life of the Woman Who Wrote SCUM (and Shot Andy Warhol)</a>, by Breanne Fahs (2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womynkind.org/valbio.htm">About Valerie Solanas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017211938/http://www.womynkind.org/valbio.htm">Archived</a> October 17, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Freddie Baer (1999)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.villagevoice.com/theater/0108,solomon,22438,11.html">Whose Soiree Now?</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080614145826/http://www.villagevoice.com/theater/0108,solomon,22438,11.html">Archived</a> June 14, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), by Alisa Solomon (<a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>, February 2001)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,1432425,00.html">Valerie Jean Solanas (1936–88)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guardian_Unlimited" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Unlimited">Guardian Unlimited</a>, March 2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050817015943/http://geocities.com/WestHollywood/Village/6982/solanas.html">Valerie Solanas bibliography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived August 17, 2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0812640/">Valerie Solanas</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622192115/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2010/05/andy_warhol_sho.php">"The Shot That Shattered the Velvet Underground"</a>, written June 6, 1968, from The Village Voice archives.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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MacKinnon">Catharine A. MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Michaels" title="Sheila Michaels">Sheila Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Robin Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghan_Murphy" title="Meghan Murphy">Meghan Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Peslikis" title="Irene Peslikis">Irene Peslikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Raymond" title="Janice Raymond">Janice Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Reitz" title="Rosetta Reitz">Rosetta Reitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Rush" title="Florence Rush">Florence Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathie_Sarachild" title="Kathie Sarachild">Kathie Sarachild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alix_Kates_Shulman" title="Alix Kates Shulman">Alix Kates Shulman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valerie Solanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stoltenberg" title="John Stoltenberg">John Stoltenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Wallace" title="Michele Wallace">Michele Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Salzman_Webb" title="Marilyn Salzman Webb">Marilyn Salzman Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Willis" title="Ellen Willis">Ellen Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Wistrich" title="Harriet Wistrich">Harriet Wistrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Wittig" title="Monique Wittig">Monique Wittig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_X" title="Laura X">Laura X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_16" title="Cell 16">Cell 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Women%27s_Liberation_Union" title="Chicago Women's Liberation Union">Chicago Women's Liberation Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Against_Trafficking_in_Women" title="Coalition Against Trafficking in Women">Coalition Against Trafficking in Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Green_Resistance" title="Deep Green Resistance">Deep Green Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Organization_of_Toronto" title="Lesbian Organization of Toronto">Lesbian Organization of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Womyn%27s_Music_Festival" title="Michigan Womyn's Music Festival">Michigan Womyn's Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Moving_Coffeehouse" title="Mountain Moving Coffeehouse">Mountain Moving Coffeehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Radical_Feminists" title="New York Radical Feminists">New York Radical Feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Radical_Women" title="New York Radical Women">New York Radical Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redstockings" title="Redstockings">Redstockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Porn_Culture" title="Stop Porn Culture">Stop Porn Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Feminists" title="The Feminists">The Feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Furies_Collective" title="The Furies Collective">The Furies Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOMAD_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="WOMAD (website)">WOMAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Against_Pornography" title="Women Against Pornography">Women Against Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Women's Liberation Front">Women's Liberation Front (WoLF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4B_movement" title="4B movement">4 NOs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_consciousness" title="False consciousness">False consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second wave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Feminist separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">Feminist views on transgender topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">Male privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">Political lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Feminist views on pornography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_prostitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist views on prostitution">Feminist views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sexism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_sexism" title="Internalized sexism">Internalized sexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dialectic_of_Sex" title="The Dialectic of Sex">The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Politics" title="Sexual Politics">Sexual Politics</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisterhood_Is_Powerful" title="Sisterhood Is Powerful">Sisterhood Is Powerful</a> (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Vaginal_Orgasm" title="The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm">The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm</a>" (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Female_Eunuch" title="The Female Eunuch">The Female Eunuch</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Nation" title="Lesbian Nation">Lesbian Nation</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Against_Our_Will" title="Against Our Will">Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography:_Men_Possessing_Women" title="Pornography: Men Possessing Women">Pornography: Men Possessing Women</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_I_a_Woman%3F_(book)" title="Ain't I a Woman? (book)">Ain't I a Woman?</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Against_Sadomasochism" title="Against Sadomasochism">Against Sadomasochism</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Theory:_From_Margin_to_Center" title="Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center">Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisterhood_Is_Global" title="Sisterhood Is Global">Sisterhood Is Global</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercourse_(book)" title="Intercourse (book)">Intercourse</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_Unmodified" title="Feminism Unmodified">Feminism Unmodified</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toward_a_Feminist_Theory_of_the_State" title="Toward a Feminist Theory of the State">Toward a Feminist Theory of the State</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Mind_and_Other_Essays" title="The Straight Mind and Other Essays">The Straight Mind and Other Essays</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Only_Words_(book)" title="Only Words (book)">Only Words</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoat:_The_Jews,_Israel,_and_Women%27s_Liberation" title="Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel, and Women's Liberation">Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel, and Women's Liberation</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisterhood_Is_Forever" title="Sisterhood Is Forever">Sisterhood Is Forever</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Industrial_Vagina" title="The Industrial Vagina">The Industrial Vagina</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Off_Our_Backs" title="Off Our Backs">Off Our Backs</a> (1970–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/She%27s_Beautiful_When_She%27s_Angry" title="She's Beautiful When She's Angry">She's Beautiful When She's Angry</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_raising" title="Consciousness raising">Consciousness raising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herstory" title="Herstory">Herstory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_America_protest" title="Miss America protest">Miss America protest</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_lesbianism" title="Radical lesbianism">Radical lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn%27s_land" title="Womyn's land">Womyn's land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/16px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/24px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/32px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11093#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11093#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11093#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119500655">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87823639">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12719745x">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12719745x">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990008066&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX835890">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1088535">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071036415">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4060336">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbfj0tj2qdq5dp">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810627535205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007423418405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18744700?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500489709">ULAN</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/979776">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119500655">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/082971412">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ch0h7r">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&oldid=1258516116">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Solanas&oldid=1258516116</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1936_births" title="Category:1936 births">1936 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_crimes_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1968 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