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2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2025/02/'>February 2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2025/01/'>January 2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/12/'>December 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/11/'>November 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/10/'>October 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/09/'>September 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/08/'>August 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/07/'>July 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/06/'>June 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/05/'>May 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/04/'>April 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/03/'>March 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/02/'>February 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2024/01/'>January 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/12/'>December 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/11/'>November 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/10/'>October 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/09/'>September 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/08/'>August 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/07/'>July 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/06/'>June 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/05/'>May 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/04/'>April 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/03/'>March 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/02/'>February 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2023/01/'>January 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/12/'>December 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/11/'>November 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/10/'>October 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/09/'>September 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/08/'>August 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/07/'>July 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/06/'>June 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/05/'>May 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/04/'>April 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/03/'>March 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/02/'>February 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2022/01/'>January 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/12/'>December 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/11/'>November 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/10/'>October 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/09/'>September 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/08/'>August 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/07/'>July 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/06/'>June 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/05/'>May 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/04/'>April 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/03/'>March 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/02/'>February 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2021/01/'>January 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/12/'>December 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/11/'>November 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/10/'>October 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/09/'>September 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/08/'>August 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/07/'>July 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/06/'>June 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/05/'>May 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/04/'>April 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/03/'>March 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/02/'>February 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2020/01/'>January 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/12/'>December 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/11/'>November 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/10/'>October 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/09/'>September 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/08/'>August 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/07/'>July 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/06/'>June 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/05/'>May 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/04/'>April 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/03/'>March 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/02/'>February 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2019/01/'>January 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/12/'>December 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/11/'>November 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/10/'>October 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/09/'>September 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/08/'>August 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/07/'>July 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/06/'>June 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/05/'>May 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/04/'>April 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/03/'>March 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/02/'>February 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2018/01/'>January 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/12/'>December 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/11/'>November 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/10/'>October 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/09/'>September 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/08/'>August 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/07/'>July 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/06/'>June 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/05/'>May 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/04/'>April 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/03/'>March 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/02/'>February 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2017/01/'>January 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/12/'>December 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/11/'>November 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/10/'>October 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/09/'>September 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/08/'>August 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/07/'>July 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/06/'>June 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/05/'>May 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/04/'>April 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/03/'>March 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/02/'>February 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2016/01/'>January 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/12/'>December 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/11/'>November 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/10/'>October 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/09/'>September 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/08/'>August 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/07/'>July 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/06/'>June 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/05/'>May 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/04/'>April 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/03/'>March 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/02/'>February 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2015/01/'>January 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/12/'>December 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/11/'>November 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/10/'>October 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/09/'>September 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/08/'>August 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/07/'>July 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/06/'>June 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/05/'>May 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/04/'>April 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/03/'>March 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/02/'>February 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2014/01/'>January 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/12/'>December 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/11/'>November 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/10/'>October 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/09/'>September 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/08/'>August 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/07/'>July 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/06/'>June 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/05/'>May 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/04/'>April 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/03/'>March 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/02/'>February 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2013/01/'>January 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/12/'>December 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/11/'>November 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/10/'>October 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/09/'>September 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/08/'>August 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/07/'>July 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/06/'>June 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/05/'>May 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/04/'>April 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/03/'>March 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/02/'>February 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2012/01/'>January 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/12/'>December 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/11/'>November 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/10/'>October 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/09/'>September 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/08/'>August 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/07/'>July 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/06/'>June 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/05/'>May 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/04/'>April 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/03/'>March 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/02/'>February 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2011/01/'>January 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/12/'>December 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/11/'>November 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/10/'>October 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/09/'>September 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/08/'>August 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/07/'>July 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/06/'>June 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/05/'>May 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/04/'>April 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/03/'>March 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/02/'>February 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2010/01/'>January 2010</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/12/'>December 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/11/'>November 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/10/'>October 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/09/'>September 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/08/'>August 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/07/'>July 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/06/'>June 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/05/'>May 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/04/'>April 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/03/'>March 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/02/'>February 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2009/01/'>January 2009</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/12/'>December 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/11/'>November 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/10/'>October 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/09/'>September 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/08/'>August 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/07/'>July 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/06/'>June 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/05/'>May 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/04/'>April 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/03/'>March 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/02/'>February 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2008/01/'>January 2008</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/12/'>December 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/11/'>November 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/10/'>October 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/09/'>September 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/08/'>August 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/07/'>July 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/06/'>June 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/05/'>May 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/04/'>April 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/03/'>March 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/02/'>February 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2007/01/'>January 2007</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/12/'>December 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/11/'>November 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/10/'>October 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/09/'>September 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/08/'>August 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/07/'>July 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/06/'>June 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/05/'>May 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/04/'>April 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/03/'>March 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/02/'>February 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2006/01/'>January 2006</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/12/'>December 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/11/'>November 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/10/'>October 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/09/'>September 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/08/'>August 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/07/'>July 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/06/'>June 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/05/'>May 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/04/'>April 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/03/'>March 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/02/'>February 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2005/01/'>January 2005</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/12/'>December 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/11/'>November 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/10/'>October 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/09/'>September 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/08/'>August 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/07/'>July 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/06/'>June 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/05/'>May 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/04/'>April 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/03/'>March 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/02/'>February 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2004/01/'>January 2004</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/12/'>December 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/11/'>November 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/10/'>October 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/09/'>September 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/08/'>August 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/07/'>July 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/06/'>June 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/05/'>May 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/04/'>April 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/03/'>March 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/02/'>February 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2003/01/'>January 2003</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/12/'>December 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/11/'>November 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/10/'>October 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/09/'>September 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/08/'>August 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/07/'>July 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/06/'>June 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/05/'>May 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/04/'>April 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/03/'>March 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/02/'>February 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2002/01/'>January 2002</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/12/'>December 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/11/'>November 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/10/'>October 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/09/'>September 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/08/'>August 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/07/'>July 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/06/'>June 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/05/'>May 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/04/'>April 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/03/'>March 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/02/'>February 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2001/01/'>January 2001</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/12/'>December 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/11/'>November 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/10/'>October 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/09/'>September 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/08/'>August 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/07/'>July 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/06/'>June 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/05/'>May 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/04/'>April 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/03/'>March 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/02/'>February 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/2000/01/'>January 2000</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/12/'>December 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/11/'>November 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/10/'>October 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/09/'>September 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/08/'>August 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/07/'>July 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/06/'>June 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/05/'>May 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/04/'>April 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/03/'>March 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/02/'>February 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1999/01/'>January 1999</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/08/'>August 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/07/'>July 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/06/'>June 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/05/'>May 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/04/'>April 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/03/'>March 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/02/'>February 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1998/01/'>January 1998</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1997/12/'>December 1997</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1997/11/'>November 1997</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1997/10/'>October 1997</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1997/09/'>September 1997</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1997/01/'>January 1997</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1996/06/'>June 1996</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1992/08/'>August 1992</a></li> <li><a href='https://observer.com/1992/06/'>June 1992</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="archives-wrapper"> <h1 class="entry-title">Archives by Category:</h1> <ul> <li><a href="https://observer.com/advertising/">Advertising</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/art-fairs/">Art Fairs</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/art-market/">Art Market</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/art-reviews/">Art Reviews</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/artificial-intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/arts/">Arts</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/interviews-with-arts-leaders/">Arts Interviews</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/auctions/">Auctions</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/awards-shows/">Awards Shows</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/ballet/">Ballet</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/banking/">Banking</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/bars/">Bars</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/beauty/">Beauty</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/big-tech/">Big Tech</a><li><a href="https://observer.com/book-reviews/">Book 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