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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-government_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Anti-government views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-government_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_bombing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_bombing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 The bombing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_bombing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prosecutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prosecutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Prosecutions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prosecutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prosecutions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prosecutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Federal case </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oklahoma_state_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oklahoma_state_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Oklahoma state case </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oklahoma_state_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-conviction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-conviction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Post-conviction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-conviction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-conviction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-conviction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Additional_explosives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_explosives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Additional explosives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_explosives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_by_Nichols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_by_Nichols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Allegations by Nichols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_by_Nichols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American domestic terrorist (born 1955)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a> or <a href="/wiki/Terry_Nicholl" title="Terry Nicholl">Terry Nicholl</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Terry Nichols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Terry_Nichols_(mug_shot).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Terry_Nichols_%28mug_shot%29.jpg/220px-Terry_Nichols_%28mug_shot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/46/Terry_Nichols_%28mug_shot%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="355" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Terry Lynn Nichols</div> (1955-04-01) April 1, 1955 (age 69) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer, Michigan</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Ted Parker, Joe Rivers, Shawn Rivers, Joe Havens, Terry Havens, Mike Havens, Joe Kyle, Daryl Bridges<a href="#cite_note-findlaw-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Incarcerated at <a href="/wiki/ADX_Florence" title="ADX Florence">ADX Florence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Lana Walsh (divorced) Marife Torres (divorced)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement">Anti-government sentiment</a> Retaliation for <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby Ridge">Ruby Ridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waco_siege" title="Waco siege">Waco siege</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Federal <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter_(United_States_law)#Involuntary_manslaughter" title="Manslaughter (United States law)">Involuntary manslaughter of a federal employee (18 U.S.C. §§ 1112 and 1114)</a> (8 counts) <a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">Conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 2332a)</a><a href="#cite_note-time_1997-1">[1]</a> Oklahoma <a href="/wiki/Murder_in_United_States_law" title="Murder in United States law">First degree murder</a> (161 counts) <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">First degree arson</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(criminal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (criminal)">Conspiracy</a><a href="#cite_note-msnbc2-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">Federal <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_the_United_States" title="Life imprisonment in the United States">Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole</a> Oklahoma 161 consecutive <a href="/wiki/Life_sentences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sentences">life sentences</a> without the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accomplice(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_McVeigh" title="Timothy McVeigh">Timothy McVeigh</a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing#Michael_and_Lori_Fortier" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Michael Fortier</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) is an American <a href="/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Domestic terrorism in the United States">domestic terrorist</a> who was convicted for conspiring with <a href="/wiki/Timothy_McVeigh" title="Timothy McVeigh">Timothy McVeigh</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a> plot.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc2-2">[2]</a> Prior to his incarceration, he held a variety of short-term jobs, working as a farmer, <a href="/wiki/Grain_elevator" title="Grain elevator">grain elevator</a> manager, real estate salesman, and ranch hand.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> He met Timothy McVeigh during a brief stint in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>, which ended in 1989 when he requested a <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge#Types_of_discharge" title="Military discharge">hardship discharge</a> after less than one year of service.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> In 1994 and 1995, he conspired with McVeigh in the planning and preparation of the <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">truck bombing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Murrah_Federal_Building" title="Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building">Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, on April 19, 1995. The bombing killed 168 people.<a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> In a federal trial in 1997, Nichols was convicted of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (crime)">conspiracy</a> to use a <a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction#Legal_definitions" title="Weapon of mass destruction">weapon of mass destruction</a> and eight counts of <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter#Involuntary_manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">involuntary manslaughter</a> for killing federal law enforcement personnel.<a href="#cite_note-wp1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr1-8">[8]</a> He was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a> without the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Hung_jury" title="Hung jury">jury deadlocked</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> He was also tried in Oklahoma on state charges of murder in connection with the bombing. In 2004, he was convicted of 161 counts of <a href="/wiki/Murder#Degrees_of_murder_in_the_United_States" title="Murder">first degree murder</a>, including one count of <a href="/wiki/Feticide" class="mw-redirect" title="Feticide">fetal homicide</a>, first-degree <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a>, and conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-msnbc1-9">[9]</a> As in the federal trial, the state jury deadlocked on imposing the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn1-10">[10]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_prison_sentences" title="List of longest prison sentences">longest prison sentence ever given to an individual</a>, he was sentenced to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole,<a href="#cite_note-msnbc2-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> and is incarcerated at <a href="/wiki/ADX_Florence" title="ADX Florence">ADX Florence</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Supermax" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermax">super maximum</a> security prison near <a href="/wiki/Florence,_Colorado" title="Florence, Colorado">Florence, Colorado</a>. He shared a cell block that is commonly referred to as "Bomber's Row" with <a href="/wiki/Ramzi_Yousef" title="Ramzi Yousef">Ramzi Yousef</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Rudolph" title="Eric Rudolph">Eric Rudolph</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a> until his transfer in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Nichols was born in <a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer, Michigan</a>. He was raised on a farm,<a href="#cite_note-wp2-14">[14]</a> the third of four children of Joyce and Robert Nichols.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-dp1-15">[15]</a> Growing up, he helped his parents on the farm,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> learning to operate and maintain the equipment.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Denver_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver Post">Denver Post</a>, he also cared for injured birds and animals.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adulthood">Adulthood</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adulthood">edit</a>]</div> Nichols attended <a href="/wiki/Lapeer_High_School" title="Lapeer High School">Lapeer High School</a> where he took elective classes in crafts and business law.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a> Throughout school, friends characterized him as shy.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> While in high school he played <a href="/wiki/Junior_varsity_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior varsity team">junior varsity</a> <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a>, wrestled, and was a member of the ski club.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a> His brother James, who self-published a 400-page book about the bombing,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> has stated that Terry was book smart and good at artwork.<a href="#cite_note-wp2-14">[14]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] He graduated from high school in 1973 with a 3.6 <a href="/wiki/Grade_point_average" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade point average">grade point average</a>,<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-wp2-14">[14]</a> with ambitions of becoming a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> Nichols enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Central_Michigan_University" title="Central Michigan University">Central Michigan University</a>. He completed one term of 13 credit hours with B grade average. He had Cs in biology, chemistry and trigonometry, a B in literature and an A in archery.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-wp2-14">[14]</a> In 1974, after another brother, Leslie, was badly burned in a fuel tank explosion on the farm, he offered to give him skin for <a href="/wiki/Skin_grafting" title="Skin grafting">grafts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sdt1-19">[19]</a> He tried farming with his brother James for a while, but they did not get along; he felt his brother was too bossy.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> Later he moved to <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> and obtained a license to sell real estate in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-dp_2images-20">[20]</a> Soon after he closed on his first big sale, his mother told him she needed his help on the farm, so he returned to Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-dp_2images-20">[20]</a> In 1980, Nichols met real estate agent Lana Walsh, a twice-divorced mother of two who was five years his senior.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-rj_18page-21">[21]</a> They married and had a son in 1982. During the marriage, Nichols engaged in a succession of part-time and short-term jobs: carpentry work, managing a grain elevator, and selling life insurance and real estate.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-wp2-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-rj_18page-21">[21]</a> According to Lana, she was the one with a career; Nichols was a house husband,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> who spent most of his time at home with the children cooking and gardening.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> Nichols had never liked farm life, and in 1988, at the age of 33, he tried to escape it by enlisting in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stickney-22">[22]</a> He was sent to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Benning" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Benning">Fort Benning</a> next to <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Georgia" title="Columbus, Georgia">Columbus, Georgia</a> for basic training. As the oldest man in his <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoon</a>, he had difficulty with the physical aspect of the training,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> and was sometimes called "grandpa" by the other men. However, he was soon made the platoon guide because of his age.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Timothy_McVeigh" title="Timothy McVeigh">Timothy McVeigh</a> was in his platoon, and they quickly became close friends. They had a common background: both men grew up in white rural areas. Both had tried college for a while and had parents who were divorced.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> They shared political views<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a> and interests in gun collecting and the survivalist movement.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> The two were later stationed together at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Riley" title="Fort Riley">Fort Riley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Junction_City,_Kansas" title="Junction City, Kansas">Junction City, Kansas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> where they met and became friends with their future accomplice, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing#Michael_and_Lori_Fortier" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Michael Fortier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stickney101-25">[25]</a> Nichols's wife filed for divorce soon after he joined the Army. Due to a conflict over childcare,<a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> he requested and was given a hardship discharge in May 1989 to return home to take care of his son, who was seven years old at the time.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> As he departed, he told a fellow soldier that he would be starting his own military organization soon, and would have an unlimited supply of weapons.<a href="#cite_note-Stickney101-25">[25]</a> In 1990, Nichols, 35, married 17-year-old Marife Torres from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, whom he met through a <a href="/wiki/Mail-order_bride" title="Mail-order bride">mail-order bride</a> agency.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> When she arrived in Michigan several months later, she was pregnant with another man's child.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> The child died at age two when he suffocated after getting tangled up with a plastic bag from a banana box that was left overnight in his bedroom.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> Marife initially suspected foul play from either Nichols or McVeigh, but there were no bruises or signs of trauma to the child. The death was ruled accidental.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> Nichols and Marife had two more children during their marriage.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> Nichols and Torres frequently visited the Philippines, where she was attending a local college working on a degree in <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a>. He sometimes traveled to the Philippines alone, while she remained in <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. Nichols left a cryptic note and a package of documents with his ex-wife, Lana (Walsh) Padilla, prior to one of his many visits to the Philippines. Upon returning from the visit to learn that she had prematurely opened a letter instructing her what to do in the event of his death, he made a series of telephone calls to a <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a> boarding house.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Nichols and Torres divorced after his arrest. Marife returned to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> with the children.<a href="#cite_note-dp_wife-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-government_views">Anti-government views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anti-government views">edit</a>]</div> Nichols' anti-<a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">government</a> views developed and grew over the years.<a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> Nichols spent most of his adult life in the <a href="/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanilac_County,_Michigan" title="Sanilac County, Michigan">Sanilac County</a> areas of Michigan where mistrust and resentment of the federal government was common, especially after bank foreclosures of many farms during the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Neighbors said he attended meetings of anti-government groups, experimented with explosives and got more radical as time went on.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> Nichols began to adhere to <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">sovereign citizen</a> ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FBI2011-29">[29]</a> In February 1992, he attempted to <a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_United_States_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Renunciation of United States citizenship">renounce his US citizenship</a> by writing to the local county clerk in Michigan, stating that the political system was corrupt, and declaring himself a "non resident alien".<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> Several months later, he appeared in court and tried to avoid responsibility for some of his credit card bills (he owed approximately $40,000 altogether), refusing to come before the bench, and shouting at the judge that the government had no <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> over him.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a> On October 19, 1992, he signed another document renouncing his US citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> In May 1993, Nichols appeared before a county judge regarding an $8,421 unpaid credit card debt.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> He also renounced his <a href="/wiki/Driver%E2%80%99s_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver’s license">driver’s license</a>.<a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a> McVeigh and Nichols grew closer after McVeigh's discharge from the Army.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a> In December 1991, Nichols invited McVeigh to join him in Michigan and help him out selling military surplus at <a href="/wiki/Gun_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun show">gun shows</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> For the next three years, McVeigh stayed with Nichols off and on.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> On April 19, 1993, Nichols was watching TV with McVeigh at the Nichols' farmhouse in Michigan during the <a href="/wiki/Waco_siege" title="Waco siege">siege of the Branch Davidian compound</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco, Texas</a>. When the compound went up in flames, McVeigh and Nichols were enraged and began to plot revenge on the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> In the fall of 1993, Nichols and McVeigh, who were living at the farm,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> became business partners, selling weapons and military surplus at gun shows.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a> For a while, they lived an itinerant life, following the gun shows from town to town.<a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a> Nichols then went to <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a> to try working in construction but failed. Next, he went to central Kansas and was hired in March 1994 as a ranch hand in <a href="/wiki/Marion,_Kansas" title="Marion, Kansas">Marion, Kansas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dbio1-16">[16]</a> In March 1994, he sent a letter to the clerk of <a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Kansas" title="Marion County, Kansas">Marion County, Kansas</a>, saying he was not subject to the laws of the U.S. government and asked his employer not to <a href="/wiki/Withholding_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Withholding tax">withhold</a> any federal taxes from his check.<a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a> His employer said Nichols was hard-working but had unusual political views.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> In the fall of 1994, Nichols quit his job, telling his employer he was going into business with McVeigh.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_bombing">The bombing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The bombing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahomacitybombing-DF-ST-96-00587.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Oklahomacitybombing-DF-ST-96-00587.jpg/230px-Oklahomacitybombing-DF-ST-96-00587.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Oklahomacitybombing-DF-ST-96-00587.jpg/345px-Oklahomacitybombing-DF-ST-96-00587.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Oklahomacitybombing-DF-ST-96-00587.jpg/460px-Oklahomacitybombing-DF-ST-96-00587.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="2897" /></a><figcaption>The bombing site on April 21, 1995</figcaption></figure> On September 22, 1994, Nichols and McVeigh rented a storage shed and began gathering supplies for the truck bomb.<a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> In late September or early October, Nichols and McVeigh stole <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blasting_caps" class="mw-redirect" title="Blasting caps">blasting caps</a> from a nearby <a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">quarry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> Nichols began purchasing large quantities of <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a> fertilizer and storing it in three rental storage units.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> Nichols also robbed an <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> gun dealer who had befriended him and McVeigh at various gun shows.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> In February 1995 Nichols bought a small house in <a href="/wiki/Herington,_Kansas" title="Herington, Kansas">Herington, Kansas</a>, with a cash down payment. In March 1995, he bought diesel fuel. On April 14, Nichols gave McVeigh some cash, according to McVeigh.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> On April 16, <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a>, Nichols and McVeigh drove to Oklahoma City to drop off the getaway car.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> On April 18, the day before the bombing, Nichols helped McVeigh prepare the truck bomb at a lake near Herington.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> McVeigh remarked about Nichols's and Fortier's partial withdrawal from the plot, saying they "were men who liked to talk tough, but in the end their bitches and kids ruled."<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> Nichols was at home in Kansas with his family when the bomb went off.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a> On April 21, Nichols learned he was wanted for questioning, turned himself in,<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a> and consented to a search of his home.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> The search turned up blasting caps, detonating cords, ground ammonium nitrate, barrels made of plastic similar to fragments found at the bombing site, 33 firearms, anti-government warfare literature,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> a receipt for ammonium nitrate fertilizer with McVeigh's fingerprints on it,<a href="#cite_note-llcur29-17">[17]</a> a telephone credit card that McVeigh had used when he was shopping for bomb-making equipment, and a hand-drawn map of downtown Oklahoma City.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> Nichols was held as a <a href="/wiki/Material_witness" title="Material witness">material witness</a> to the bombing until he was charged on May 10.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_second-5">[5]</a> Investigators also combed the <a href="/wiki/Decker,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Decker, Michigan">Decker, Michigan</a>, farm of James Nichols where Terry Nichols and McVeigh had stayed intermittently in the months preceding the bombing. James was held in custody on charges that he made small bombs on the farm but was released without charges on May 24, with the judge saying there was no evidence he was a danger to others.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prosecutions">Prosecutions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prosecutions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_case">Federal case</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Federal case">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florence_ADMAX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Florence_ADMAX.jpg/220px-Florence_ADMAX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Florence_ADMAX.jpg/330px-Florence_ADMAX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Florence_ADMAX.jpg/440px-Florence_ADMAX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ADX_Florence" title="ADX Florence">Florence ADMAX USP</a>, the supermax security prison where Nichols resides</figcaption></figure> McVeigh was tried before Nichols and sentenced to death.<a href="#cite_note-bio-6">[6]</a> Former army soldier and friend of Nichols, Michael Fortier, testified against both McVeigh and Nichols. Fortier had entered into a federal plea agreement for reduced charges in return for his agreement to testify. He was charged with failing to notify authorities in advance of the crime and sentenced to 12 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-fortier-34">[34]</a> Fortier testified that Nichols and McVeigh had expressed anti-government feelings and conspired to blow up the Murrah federal building. He said he helped McVeigh survey the building before the attack. He also testified that Nichols had robbed an Arkansas gun dealer to finance the cost of the bombing. Fortier provided "solid bricks of evidence" for the cases against McVeigh and Nichols, according to the prosecutor.<a href="#cite_note-fortier-34">[34]</a> Nichols' wife Marife testified as a defense witness, but her story may have helped the prosecution's case.<a href="#cite_note-wapo_wife-35">[35]</a> She said her husband had been living a double life prior to the bombing, using aliases, renting storage lockers and lying that he had broken off his relationship with McVeigh. She also testified that Nichols traveled to Oklahoma City three days before the bombing, supporting the prosecution's contention that Nichols helped McVeigh station a getaway car near the Murrah building. Marife also failed to give Nichols an alibi for April 18, 1995, the day the prosecution said Nichols helped McVeigh assemble the truck bomb.<a href="#cite_note-wapo_wife-35">[35]</a> Nichols was represented by criminal defense attorney <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tigar" title="Michael Tigar">Michael Tigar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The trial lasted nine weeks with the prosecution calling 100 witnesses tying Nichols to McVeigh and the bombing plot. The prosecution argued that Nichols helped McVeigh purchase and steal bomb ingredients, park the getaway car near the Murrah building and assemble the bomb. The defense attempted to cast doubt on the case against Nichols by calling witnesses who said they saw other men with McVeigh before the bombing and by claiming the government had manipulated the evidence against Nichols.<a href="#cite_note-wapo_01-08-98-37">[37]</a> The jury deliberated for 41 hours over a period of six days, acquitting Nichols on December 24, 1997, of actually detonating the bomb, but convicting him of conspiring with McVeigh to use a weapon of mass destruction, a <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital offense</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Romano-38">[38]</a> They acquitted Nichols on the charges of first degree (premeditated) murder, but convicted him on the lesser charge of involuntary (unintentional) manslaughter in the deaths of the federal law enforcement officers.<a href="#cite_note-Romano-38">[38]</a> In assessing why Nichols was not convicted of first degree murder, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> noted: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">There was no evidence that Nichols had rented the <a href="/wiki/Ryder" title="Ryder">Ryder</a> truck used to carry the bomb to Oklahoma City, and there was no one who could positively identify him as the purchaser of the two tons of ammonium nitrate, the major component in the bomb. Most problematic for the government was the compelling fact that Nichols was at home in Kansas when McVeigh detonated the truck.<a href="#cite_note-Romano-38">[38]</a></blockquote> Another theory is that some members of the jury believed Nichols' attorneys' arguments that he had withdrawn from the conspiracy before the bombing.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> His apparent remorse as shown by his crying several times during the testimony could also have swayed the jury.<a href="#cite_note-account-32">[32]</a> After the penalty hearing concluded, the jury deliberated for 13 hours over two days on whether to give Nichols a death sentence, but deadlocked.<a href="#cite_note-cnn1-10">[10]</a> U.S. District Court Judge <a href="/wiki/Richard_Paul_Matsch" title="Richard Paul Matsch">Richard P. Matsch</a> then had the option of giving Nichols a sentence of life imprisonment or a lesser term. On June 4, 1998, he sentenced Nichols to life in prison without parole on the conspiracy conviction, calling Nichols "an enemy of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a>" who had conspired to destroy everything the Constitution protects.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Nichols also received a concurrent 48-year sentence for his eight involuntary manslaughter convictions, six for each victim.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Nichols <a href="/wiki/Blunted_affect" class="mw-redirect" title="Blunted affect">showed no emotion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wp1-7">[7]</a> He was sent to the <a href="/wiki/ADX_Florence" title="ADX Florence">Federal Supermax Prison in Florence, Colorado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bop-41">[41]</a> On February 26, 1999, a federal appeals court affirmed Nichols' conviction and sentence.<a href="#cite_note-fox2-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oklahoma_state_case">Oklahoma state case</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Oklahoma state case">edit</a>]</div> After the federal jury deadlocked on the death penalty, which resulted in a life sentence, citizens of Oklahoma petitioned to empanel a state court <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> to investigate the bombing. State representative Charles Key led a citizens group that circulated the petitions. It was hoped that evidence implicating other conspirators would be uncovered. A grand jury heard testimony for 18 months about allegations of other accomplices<a href="#cite_note-author_arrested-42">[42]</a> but returned only the indictments against Nichols in March 1999. Oklahoma County District Attorney Wes Lane denied the state prosecution was conducted solely for the purpose of having Nichols executed, saying it was important Nichols be convicted of killing all the victims. "This case has always been about 161 men, women and children and an unborn baby having the same rights to their day in court as eight federal law enforcement officers," Lane said.<a href="#cite_note-deadlocked-43">[43]</a> Nichols was brought from the prison in Colorado to Oklahoma in January 2000 to face the state trial on 160 capital counts of first-degree murder and one count each of fetal homicide, first-degree arson, and conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc1-9">[9]</a> The prosecutor's goal was to get the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn1-10">[10]</a> During the two-month trial, the prosecution presented a "mountain of <a href="/wiki/Circumstantial_evidence" title="Circumstantial evidence">circumstantial evidence</a>", calling 151 witnesses. Their star witness was Fortier, who said Nichols was intimately involved in the conspiracy and had helped obtain bomb ingredients including fertilizer that was mixed with high octane fuel. Fortier also testified that McVeigh and Nichols stole cord and blasting caps from a rock quarry, and that Nichols robbed a gun collector to obtain money for the plot. Nichols' lawyers said he was the "fall guy" and that others had conspired with McVeigh. They wanted to introduce evidence that a group of <a href="/wiki/White_supremacists" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacists">white supremacists</a> had been McVeigh's accomplices. However, the judge did not allow them to do so, saying that the defense had not shown that any of these people committed acts in furtherance of the conspiracy. In their concluding argument, the defense said, "People who are still unknown assisted Timothy McVeigh." On May 26, 2004, the six-man, six-woman jury took five hours to reach guilty verdicts on all charges. When the verdict was read, Nichols showed no emotion, staring straight ahead.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc1-9">[9]</a> The penalty phase of the trial started on June 1, 2004. The same jury that determined Nichols's guilt would also determine whether he would be put to death.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc1-9">[9]</a> During the five-day hearing, 87 witnesses were called including victims and family members of Nichols.<a href="#cite_note-cnn1-10">[10]</a> Nichols's relatives testified that he was a loving family man.<a href="#cite_note-sdt1-19">[19]</a> During the closing arguments, the prosecutor argued for the death penalty, stating that 168 people had died so that Nichols and McVeigh "could make a political statement". The defense argued that Nichols had been controlled by a "dominant, manipulative" McVeigh and urged jurors not to be persuaded by the "flood of tears" of the victims who testified.<a href="#cite_note-cnn1-10">[10]</a> The defense also said that Nichols had "sincerely" converted to Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-trutv2-44">[44]</a> After 19½ hours of deliberation over a three-day period, the jury could not reach a unanimous decision on the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-cnn1-10">[10]</a> With the death penalty no longer an option, Nichols spoke publicly for the first time in the proceedings, making a lengthy statement laced with religious references to Judge <a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Taylor" title="Steven W. Taylor">Steven W. Taylor</a>. Nichols also apologized for the murders and offered to write to survivors to "assist in their healing process". Darlene Welch, whose niece was killed in the explosion, said she "didn't appreciate being preached to" by Nichols and that she regretted that "he won't stand before God sooner."<a href="#cite_note-trutv2-44">[44]</a> Judge Taylor called Nichols a terrorist and said "No American citizen has ever brought this kind of devastation; you are in U.S. history the No. 1 mass murderer -- in all of U.S. history" and sentenced Nichols to 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc2-2">[2]</a> Nichols was returned to the federal prison in Colorado. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-conviction">Post-conviction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-conviction">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_explosives">Additional explosives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Additional explosives">edit</a>]</div> Acting on a tip from reputed mobster <a href="/wiki/Greg_Scarpa_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Greg Scarpa Jr.">Greg Scarpa Jr.</a> (son of mobster <a href="/wiki/Greg_Scarpa_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Greg Scarpa Sr.">Greg Scarpa Sr.</a>), a fellow inmate of Nichols,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-tip-46">[46]</a> the FBI searched the <a href="/wiki/Basement#Crawl_space" title="Basement">crawl space</a> of Nichols's former home in Kansas ten years after the bombing. They found explosives in boxes, wrapped in plastic, buried under a foot of rock. The tipster had indicated that the explosives were buried before the attack.<a href="#cite_note-found-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_by_Nichols">Allegations by Nichols</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Allegations by Nichols">edit</a>]</div> McVeigh, Nichols, and Fortier were the only defendants indicted in the bombing. Nichols denied his involvement in the plot until 2004. Nichols's mother claimed that her son had <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a>, was manipulated by McVeigh and didn't know what the bomb was for.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In a May 2005 letter that he wrote to a relative of two of the victims, Nichols claimed that an Arkansas gun dealer also conspired in the 1995 bombing plot by donating some of the explosives that were used.<a href="#cite_note-gundealer-49">[49]</a> In a 2006 letter requesting that a judge give his son a light sentence for assault with a deadly weapon, battery of a police officer, and possession of a stolen vehicle, Nichols admitted his participation in the Oklahoma City bombing but said that McVeigh had forced and intimidated him into cooperating.<a href="#cite_note-bombers_letter-50">[50]</a> In a 2007 <a href="/wiki/Affidavit" title="Affidavit">affidavit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Nichols claimed that in 1992 McVeigh claimed to have been recruited for undercover missions while serving in the military. Nichols also said that in 1995 McVeigh told him that FBI official <a href="/wiki/Larry_A._Potts" title="Larry A. Potts">Larry Potts</a>, who had supervised the <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby Ridge">Ruby Ridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waco_Siege" class="mw-redirect" title="Waco Siege">Waco</a> operations, had directed McVeigh to blow up a government building. Nichols claimed that he and McVeigh had learned how to make the bomb from individuals they met while attending gun shows. In the same affidavit, Nichols admitted that he and McVeigh stole eight cases of the gel type explosive <a href="/wiki/Tovex" title="Tovex">Tovex</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Marion,_Kansas" title="Marion, Kansas">Marion, Kansas</a> quarry, some of which was later used in the Oklahoma City truck bomb.<a href="#cite_note-clay-52">[52]</a> Nichols, who had been employed in Marion County as a ranch hand, was familiar with numerous quarries there. He admitted that he had helped McVeigh mix the bomb ingredients in the truck the day before the attack, but he denied that he knew the exact target of the bomb.<a href="#cite_note-clay-52">[52]</a> Nichols wanted to testify in more detail in a videotaped deposition,<a href="#cite_note-ksl-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-intelwire-54">[54]</a> but a federal appeals court ruled against it in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-manson-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/27px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/41px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/55px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="208" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Crime">Crime portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/32px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/48px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/64px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oklahoma" title="Portal:Oklahoma">Oklahoma portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-time_1997-1"><a href="#cite_ref-time_1997_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTime_Daily1997" class="citation news cs1">Time Daily (December 23, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027105029/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,10108,00.html">"Charges Against Terry Nichols"</a>. Time. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,10108,00.html">the original</a> on October 27, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Charges+Against+Terry+Nichols&rft.date=1997-12-23&rft.au=Time+Daily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C10108%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-msnbc2-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msnbc2_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-msnbc2_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-msnbc2_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-msnbc2_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5650369">"Terry Nichols gets life without parole: State murder counts tacked on to earlier life sentence"</a>. NBC News. Associated Press. August 9, 2004. 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Retrieved April 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Nichols%27+family+speaks+out&rft.date=1997-08-30&rft.aulast=Pankratz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fextras.denverpost.com%2Fbomb%2Fbomb354.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dbio1-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbio1_16-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extras.denverpost.com/bomb/bombnp4.htm">"What brought Nichols to the dock?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Post" title="The Denver Post">The Denver Post</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20587583.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+11%2C+1995&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune+%28pre-1997&edition=&startpage=1&desc=PORTRAIT+OF+A+FEDERAL+FOE+AUTHORITIES+STITCH+TOGETHER+EVIDENCE+OF+BOMBING+SUSPECT+TERRY+NICHOLS%27+LIFE+THAT+SHOWS+A+FAILED+FARMER+AND+SOLDIER+WHO+WAS+LEFT+WITH+LITTLE+EXCEPT+HIS+HATRED+FOR+THE+GOVERNMENT">the original</a> (fee required) on January 31, 2013. 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Retrieved April 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inmate+finder&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Prisons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bop.gov%2Filoc2%2FInmateFinderServlet%3FTransaction%3DNameSearch%26needingMoreList%3Dfalse%26FirstName%3DTerry%26Middle%3DLynn%26LastName%3DNichols%26Race%3DW%26Sex%3DM%26Age%3D%26x%3D41%26y%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-author_arrested-42"><a href="#cite_ref-author_arrested_42-0">^</a> A writer who mailed copies of his book advancing <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a> to members of a grand jury investigating the possibility of a larger conspiracy or government coverup was charged with jury tampering in 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023164310/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jan/20/news/mn-65469">"Accused of Interference in Bombing, Writer Surrenders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Associated Press. January 20, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jan/20/news/mn-65469\">the original</a> on October 23, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Accused+of+Interference+in+Bombing%2C+Writer+Surrenders&rft.date=1999-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1999%2Fjan%2F20%2Fnews%2Fmn-65469%5C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-deadlocked-43"><a href="#cite_ref-deadlocked_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=266&dat=20040608&id=I_UrAAAAIBAJ&pg=1250,6717965">"Deadlock: Terry Nichols saved from death by indecisive jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_New_Era" title="Kentucky New Era">Kentucky New Era</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. June 8, 2004. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kentucky+New+Era&rft.atitle=Deadlock%3A+Terry+Nichols+saved+from+death+by+indecisive+jury&rft.date=2004-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D266%26dat%3D20040608%26id%3DI_UrAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1250%2C6717965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trutv2-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trutv2_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trutv2_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell" class="citation web cs1">Bell, Rachel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724114354/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/mcveigh/nichols_18.html">"Saved by religion"</a>. Timothy McVeigh & Terry Nichols: Oklahoma Bombing. TruTv. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/mcveigh/nichols_18.html">the original</a> on July 24, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timothy+McVeigh+%26+Terry+Nichols%3A+Oklahoma+Bombing&rft.atitle=Saved+by+religion&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trutv.com%2Flibrary%2Fcrime%2Fserial_killers%2Fnotorious%2Fmcveigh%2Fnichols_18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110405102730/http://news.intelwire.com/2011/02/new-okbomb-documents-show-threats-to.html">"New OKBOMB Documents Show Threats To Nichols' Family After FBI Reopened Investigation in 2005"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.intelwire.com/2011/02/new-okbomb-documents-show-threats-to.html">the original</a> on April 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+OKBOMB+Documents+Show+Threats+To+Nichols%27+Family+After+FBI+Reopened+Investigation+in+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.intelwire.com%2F2011%2F02%2Fnew-okbomb-documents-show-threats-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tip-46"><a href="#cite_ref-tip_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7505601">"FBI at first dismissed tip on Nichols explosives"</a>. Crime & courts. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. Associated Press. April 14, 2005. Retrieved April 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crime+%26+courts&rft.atitle=FBI+at+first+dismissed+tip+on+Nichols+explosives&rft.date=2005-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna7505601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-found-47"><a href="#cite_ref-found_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080718184426/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,152211,00.html">"FBI: Explosives Found in Nichols' Old Home"</a>. News archive. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. Associated Press. April 2, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,152211,00.html">the original</a> on July 18, 2008. Retrieved April 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+archive&rft.atitle=FBI%3A+Explosives+Found+in+Nichols%27+Old+Home&rft.date=2005-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%2C2933%2C152211%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna8456268">"Mom: Nichols reveals role in bombing - US news - Security - NBC News"</a>. msnbc.com. July 3, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msnbc.com&rft.atitle=Mom%3A+Nichols+reveals+role+in+bombing+-+US+news+-+Security+-+NBC+News&rft.date=2005-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna8456268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gundealer-49"><a href="#cite_ref-gundealer_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerrano2005" class="citation news cs1">Serrano, Richard (May 4, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-may-04-na-okcbomb4-story.html">"Oklahoma City Bomber Nichols Says 3rd Man Took Part In Bombing Plot"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Oklahoma+City+Bomber+Nichols+Says+3rd+Man+Took+Part+In+Bombing+Plot&rft.date=2005-05-04&rft.aulast=Serrano&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2005-may-04-na-okcbomb4-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bombers_letter-50"><a href="#cite_ref-bombers_letter_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuit2006" class="citation news cs1">Puit, Glenn (May 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100126035014/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/May-18-Thu-2006/news/7473075.html">"Bomber's Letter: 'Clearly Josh is a victim', Oklahoma City bomber sought leniency for son"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal" title="Las Vegas Review-Journal">Las Vegas Review-Journal</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/May-18-Thu-2006/news/7473075.html">the original</a> on January 26, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+Vegas+Review-Journal&rft.atitle=Bomber%27s+Letter%3A+%27Clearly+Josh+is+a+victim%27%2C+Oklahoma+City+bomber+sought+leniency+for+son&rft.date=2006-05-18&rft.aulast=Puit&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewjournal.com%2Flvrj_home%2F2006%2FMay-18-Thu-2006%2Fnews%2F7473075.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> The 2007 statement by Nichols was filed in a wrongful death suit by the brother of a man who died in 1995 while in federal custody. The suit alleged that <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Trentadue" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Trentadue">Kenneth Trentadue</a> was killed while being interrogated by FBI agents in connection with the Oklahoma City bombing, although his death had officially been ruled a suicide. Jesse Trentadue, the plaintiff, wanted to conduct a videotaped deposition of Nichols and one other prisoner to support his contentions that the FBI had killed his brother and was withholding documents related to his brother's death. He was ultimately unable to obtain a court order allowing this. </li> <li id="cite_note-clay-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clay_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-clay_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFattah2007" class="citation news cs1">Fattah, Geoffrey (February 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090816191003/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660197443,00.html?pg=1">"Nichols says bombing was FBI op"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,660197443,00.html?pg=1">the original</a> on August 16, 2009. Retrieved April 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Nichols+says+bombing+was+FBI+op&rft.date=2007-02-22&rft.aulast=Fattah&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F1%2C5143%2C660197443%2C00.html%3Fpg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ksl-53"><a href="#cite_ref-ksl_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=481&sid=1849765">"Salt Lake Attorney Can Question Terry Nichols on Videotape"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KSL.com" class="mw-redirect" title="KSL.com">KSL.com</a>. Associated Press. September 22, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Salt+Lake+Attorney+Can+Question+Terry+Nichols+on+Videotape&rft.date=2007-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksl.com%2Findex.php%3Fnid%3D481%26sid%3D1849765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-intelwire-54"><a href="#cite_ref-intelwire_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2007" class="citation web cs1">Berger, J.M. (September 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130122031729/http://intelwire.egoplex.com/2007_09_21_blogarchive.html">"Terry Nichols Will Testify On OKC Bombing"</a>. INTELWIRE Terrorism Blog. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intelwire.egoplex.com/2007_09_21_blogarchive.html">the original</a> on January 22, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terry+Nichols+Will+Testify+On+OKC+Bombing&rft.pub=INTELWIRE+Terrorism+Blog&rft.date=2007-09-21&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fintelwire.egoplex.com%2F2007_09_21_blogarchive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-manson-55"><a href="#cite_ref-manson_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManson2009" class="citation news cs1">Manson, Pamela (July 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704154604/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_12741839">"Appeals court overturns order allowing deposition of Terry Nichols"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake Tribune">Salt Lake Tribune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_12741839">the original</a> on July 4, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Appeals+court+overturns+order+allowing+deposition+of+Terry+Nichols&rft.date=2009-07-02&rft.aulast=Manson&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Fnews%2Fci_12741839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(attorney)" title="Stephen Jones (attorney)">Jones, Stephen</a>. Peter Israel. Others Unknown: The Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-098-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-098-1">978-1-58648-098-1</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelDan_Herbeck2001" class="citation book cs1">Michel, Lou; <a href="/wiki/Dan_Herbeck" title="Dan Herbeck">Dan Herbeck</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanterroris00loum">American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & The Oklahoma City Bombing</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/ReganBooks" title="ReganBooks">ReganBooks</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-039407-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-039407-2"><bdi>0-06-039407-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Terrorist%3A+Timothy+McVeigh+%26+The+Oklahoma+City+Bombing&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=ReganBooks&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-06-039407-2&rft.aulast=Michel&rft.aufirst=Lou&rft.au=Dan+Herbeck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanterroris00loum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToobin,_Jeffrey2023" class="citation book cs1">Toobin, Jeffrey (2023). <a href="/wiki/Homegrown_(book)" title="Homegrown (book)">Homegrown: Timothy McVeigh and the Rise of Right-Wing Extremism</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781668013571" title="Special:BookSources/9781668013571"><bdi>9781668013571</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homegrown%3A+Timothy+McVeigh+and+the+Rise+of+Right-Wing+Extremism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781668013571&rft.au=Toobin%2C+Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerry+Nichols" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terry_Nichols&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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