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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Florin Curta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Florin Curta</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1966-03-16</span>) </span>March 16, 1966<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 58)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Romania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Romanian, American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Archaeologist, historian</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Making an Early Medieval Ethnie: The Case of the Early Slavs (Sixth to Seventh Century A.D.)</i> (1998)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Slavs:_History_and_Archaeology_of_the_Lower_Danube_Region" title="The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region">The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region</a></i> (2001)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Florin Curta</b> (born March 16, 1966) is a Romanian-born American archaeologist and historian who is a professor of medieval history and archaeology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a>. Curta is known for an unorthodox approach and interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Ethnogenesis" title="Ethnogenesis">ethnogenesis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a>, a hypothesis published first in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Slavs:_History_and_Archaeology_of_the_Lower_Danube_Region" title="The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region">The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region</a></i> (2001), and met with negative criticism. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Curta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curta works in the field of <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> history and is a professor of medieval history and <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curta's first book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Slavs:_History_and_Archaeology_of_the_Lower_Danube_Region" title="The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region">The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region</a></i>, was named a 2002 Choice Outstanding Academic Title and won the Herbert Baxter Adams Award of the <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-UFL_Page_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UFL_Page-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curta is the editor-in-chief of the Brill series <i>East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450.</i><sup id="cite_ref-UFL_Page_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UFL_Page-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, he contributed to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Edinburgh_History_of_the_Greeks" title="The Edinburgh History of the Greeks">The Edinburgh History of the Greeks</a></i>. He is a member of the Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (Spring 2007) and a visiting fellow, <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi College, Oxford University</a> (2015). He attends an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Christian</a> parish.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories">Theories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Curta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being inspired by <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Wenskus" title="Reinhard Wenskus">Reinhard Wenskus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_History" title="Vienna School of History">Vienna School of History</a>, Curta's work since <i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Slavs:_History_and_Archaeology_of_the_Lower_Danube_Region" title="The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region">The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region</a></i> (2001) is known for his usage of <a href="/wiki/Post-processual_archaeology" title="Post-processual archaeology">post-processual and post-structuralist</a> approach in explaining Slavic <a href="/wiki/Ethnogenesis" title="Ethnogenesis">ethnogenesis</a> and migrations (especially regarding <a href="/wiki/Slavic_migrations_to_Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe">Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe</a>), arguing against the mainstream view and primordial <a href="/wiki/Culture-historical_archaeology" title="Culture-historical archaeology">culture-historical</a> approach in archaeology and historiography.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curta's hypothesis is opposed to both allochthonic (majority) and autochthonic (minority) concepts of Slavic ethnogenesis.<sup id="cite_ref-Kara2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kara2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curta argues against theories of Slavic mass expansion from the Slavic <i><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_homeland" title="Linguistic homeland">Urheimat</a></i> and denies the existence of the Slavic <i>Urheimat</i>. His work rejects ideas of Slavic languages as the unifying element of the Slavs or the adducing of <a href="/wiki/Prague-Korchak_culture" title="Prague-Korchak culture">Prague-type</a> ceramics as an archaeological cultural expression of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a>. Instead, Curta advances an alternative, "<a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">revisionist</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Wolverton2003_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolverton2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hypothesis which considers the Slavs as an "ethno-political category" invented by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a> which was formed by political instrumentation and interaction on the <a href="/wiki/Roman_military_frontiers_and_fortifications" title="Roman military frontiers and fortifications">Roman Danubian frontier</a> where barbarian elite culture flourished.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biermann_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biermann-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He considers that the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic language">Slavic language</a> was not an <a href="/wiki/Ethnolect" title="Ethnolect">ethnolect</a>, but a <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9_language" title="Koiné language">koiné language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> which formed by interaction of different languages and cultures and did not spread with the migration of a distinctive ethnic group of speakers. As such, the identity of Slavs was formed and spread by communities speaking the <i>koiné</i> language through <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslac2024_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslac2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Curta, questions of identity and ethnicity are modern social constructs, imposed externally.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, Curta also rejected recent genetic research supporting the migration of the Slavs, insisting on his interpretation of archaeological, historical and linguistical data and literature that "no class of evidence attests to the existence of any migration across the territory of Romania. Migration is certainly not the mechanism responsible for the spread of Slavic [language]".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Curta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curta's conjectures were met with substantial disagreement and "severe criticism in general and in detail"<sup id="cite_ref-Pohl_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pohl-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by other archaeologists, historians, linguists and ethnologists, who "unanimously agree on the highly debatable nature of Florin Curta's concept".<sup id="cite_ref-Kara2021_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kara2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scholarship in East Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in particular mostly ignored or rejected Curta's hypothesis.<sup id="cite_ref-Muhle2022_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhle2022-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was mostly ignored by Polish allochthonists, and negated by some neo-autochthonists.<sup id="cite_ref-Kara2021_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kara2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scientists criticized what they saw as Curta's "arbitrary"<sup id="cite_ref-Pleterski2021_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pleterski2021-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "relativistic"<sup id="cite_ref-Maslac2024_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslac2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> selection of historical and archaeological data (using only 1/3 of latter available data<sup id="cite_ref-Pleterski2021_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pleterski2021-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), sites and his interpretation of chronologies to support his preconceived conclusions, in addition, they felt his "interpretative"<sup id="cite_ref-Pleterski2009_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pleterski2009-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cultural model inadequately explained the emergence and spread of the Slavs, Slavic culture and language.<sup id="cite_ref-Pohl_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pohl-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pleterski2021_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pleterski2021-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Belaj18_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belaj18-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Timberlake" title="Alan Timberlake">Alan Timberlake</a> suggests "that Curta's meticulous quantitative argument shows the opposite: it demonstrates that there is significant similarity of Slavic pottery at different times and in different locales, so that there really is similarity and continuity of [Slavic] tradition".<sup id="cite_ref-Timberlake2013_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timberlake2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curta's claim that the <a href="/wiki/Common_Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Slavic">Common Slavic</a> is "an artificial, scholarly construct not attested by any piece of hard evidence" (2015<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Jouko_Lindstedt" title="Jouko Lindstedt">Jouko Lindstedt</a> that "only shows his ignorance of the historical-comparative method. The existence of a protolanguage that is only about 1,500 years old and has more than a dozen closely-related daughters, several of them with early written sources, is attested by very hard evidence indeed". Lindstedt also noted, as other linguists have already asserted, the Late Proto-Slavic/Common Slavic complex morphological and accentological system "shows no trace of a possible lingua-franca function".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some also noted his lack of critical evaluation of own theorization and analysis while refuting old ideas in literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolverton2003_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolverton2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others criticized his "very cursory and selective analysis of sources concerning the history of Byzantium",<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inadequate argumentation and contradicting information given by ancient Byzantine historiographers such as <a href="/wiki/Theophylact_Simocatta" title="Theophylact Simocatta">Theophylact Simocatta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Wolverton2003_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolverton2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or arbitrary evulation and citation of <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslac2024_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslac2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curta's viewpoint was considered similar to the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian historiography">Romanian historiography</a>'s minimization of the role of Slavs in the history of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslac2024_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslac2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a separate case, Hungarian historian Istvan Vasary in his response to Curta's review of his book, noted Curta's defensiveness of Romanian national historiography and <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Romanians" title="Origin of the Romanians">Daco-Romanian continuity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claims which Curta denied.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The renewed version of the hypothesis published as <i>Slavs in the Making: History, Linguistics, and Archaeology in Eastern Europe (ca. 500-ca. 700)</i> (2020) was criticized to "still does not appear more convincing".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Curta's work found partial support by those who use a similar approach, like <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pohl" title="Walter Pohl">Walter Pohl</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danijel_D%C5%BEino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danijel Džino (page does not exist)">Danijel Džino</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pohl_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pohl-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sparked new scientific debate (with some importance for archaeology<sup id="cite_ref-Kara2021_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kara2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-Maslac2024_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslac2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the migrationist model remains in the view of many as the most acceptable and possible to explain the spread of the Slavs as well as Slavic culture (including language).<sup id="cite_ref-Biermann_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biermann-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Timberlake2013_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timberlake2013-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kazanski_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazanski-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maslac2024_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslac2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Curta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCurta1998" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1568"><i>Making an Early Medieval Ethnie: The Case of the Early Slavs (Sixth to Seventh Century A.D.)</i></a>. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+an+Early+Medieval+Ethnie%3A+The+Case+of+the+Early+Slavs+%28Sixth+to+Seventh+Century+A.D.%29&rft.place=Kalamazoo%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Western+Michigan+University&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.wmich.edu%2Fdissertations%2F1568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span> (Doctoral Dissertation)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2001" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Slavs:_History_and_Archaeology_of_the_Lower_Danube_Region" title="The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region"><i>The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511496295">10.1017/CBO9780511496295</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521802024" title="Special:BookSources/9780521802024"><bdi>9780521802024</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Slavs%3A+History+and+Archaeology+of+the+Lower+Danube+Region%2C+c.+500%E2%80%93700&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511496295&rft.isbn=9780521802024&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/234031">"Limes and Cross: The Religious Dimension of the Sixth-century Danube Frontier of the Early Byzantine Empire"</a>. <i>Старинар</i>. <b>51</b>: 45–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80&rft.atitle=Limes+and+Cross%3A+The+Religious+Dimension+of+the+Sixth-century+Danube+Frontier+of+the+Early+Byzantine+Empire&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=45-70&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F234031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0"><bdi>978-0-521-81539-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81539-0&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoutheasterneuro0000curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2011" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QCSrBgAAQBAJ"><i>The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, c. 500 to 1050: The Early Middle Ages</i></a>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9780748644896">10.1515/9780748644896</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748644896" title="Special:BookSources/9780748644896"><bdi>9780748644896</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1r23dk">j.ctt1r23dk</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163031847">163031847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edinburgh+History+of+the+Greeks%2C+c.+500+to+1050%3A+The+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9780748644896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163031847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1r23dk%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780748644896&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQCSrBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2019" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-sqiDwAAQBAJ"><i>Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500–1300)</i></a>. Brill's Companions to European History, vol. 19. Leiden and Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004395190" title="Special:BookSources/9789004395190"><bdi>9789004395190</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages+%28500%E2%80%931300%29&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.series=Brill%27s+Companions+to+European+History%2C+vol.+19&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789004395190&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-sqiDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2020" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hyTfzQEACAAJ"><i>Slavs in the Making: History, Linguistics, and Archaeology in Eastern Europe (ca. 500-ca. 700)</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203701256">10.4324/9780203701256</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203701256" title="Special:BookSources/9780203701256"><bdi>9780203701256</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225265576">225265576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavs+in+the+Making%3A+History%2C+Linguistics%2C+and+Archaeology+in+Eastern+Europe+%28ca.+500-ca.+700%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225265576%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203701256&rft.isbn=9780203701256&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhyTfzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2021" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oUAvEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Long Sixth Century in Eastern Europe</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004456983" title="Special:BookSources/9789004456983"><bdi>9789004456983</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Sixth+Century+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9789004456983&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoUAvEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtaStamati2021" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a>; Stamati, Iurie (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lXRREAAAQBAJ"><i>Women Archaeologists under Communism, 1917-1989: Breaking the Glass Ceiling</i></a>. Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030875206" title="Special:BookSources/9783030875206"><bdi>9783030875206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Archaeologists+under+Communism%2C+1917-1989%3A+Breaking+the+Glass+Ceiling&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9783030875206&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft.au=Stamati%2C+Iurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlXRREAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtaPaliga2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curta, Florin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sorin_Paliga" title="Sorin Paliga">Paliga, Sorin</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jKsV0AEACAAJ"><i>Slavii în perioada migraţiilor</i></a> (in Romanian). Cetatea de Scaun. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786065375840" title="Special:BookSources/9786065375840"><bdi>9786065375840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavii+%C3%AEn+perioada+migra%C5%A3iilor&rft.pub=Cetatea+de+Scaun&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9786065375840&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft.au=Paliga%2C+Sorin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjKsV0AEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edited_volumes">Edited volumes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Curta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Edited volumes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>East Central & Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005.</li> <li><i>Borders, Barriers, and Ethnogenesis. Frontiers in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages</i>. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2005.</li> <li><i>The other Europe in the Middle Ages. Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans</i>. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2008.</li> <li><i>Neglected Barbarians</i>. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011.</li> <li>with Bogdan-Petru Maleon, <i>The Steppe Lands and the World Beyond Them. Studies in Honor of Victor Spinei on his 70th Birthday</i>. Iași: Editura Universității "Alexandru Ioan Cuza", 2013.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Curta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medievalists.net/2008/09/interview-with-florin-curta/">"Interview with Florin Curta"</a>. <i>Medievalists.net</i>. January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medievalists.net&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Florin+Curta&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievalists.net%2F2008%2F09%2Finterview-with-florin-curta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UFL_Page-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UFL_Page_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UFL_Page_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.ufl.edu/directory/current-faculty/florin-curta/">"Florin Curta"</a>. <i>history.ufl.edu</i>. University of Florida<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.ufl.edu&rft.atitle=Florin+Curta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.ufl.edu%2Fdirectory%2Fcurrent-faculty%2Fflorin-curta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2014" class="citation web cs1">Holt, Andrew (December 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apholt.com/2014/12/25/an-interview-with-dr-florin-curta/">"An Interview with Dr. Florin Curta on Communism, Faith, and Academia"</a>. <i>apholt.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apholt.com&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Dr.+Florin+Curta+on+Communism%2C+Faith%2C+and+Academia&rft.date=2014-12-25&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapholt.com%2F2014%2F12%2F25%2Fan-interview-with-dr-florin-curta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hu-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hu_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hu_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Di Hu, "Approaches to the Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Past and Emergent Perspectives", Journal of Archaeological Research, 21(4), 2013, pp. 389–390</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes Koder, "On the Slavic Immigration in the Byzantine Balkans", <i>Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone: Aspects of Mobility Between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300–1500 C.E.</i>, 2020, pp. 81–100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Florin Curta, <i>The Early Slavs. Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe</i> by Paul M. Barford (review), European Journal of Archaeology, 6(1), 2003, pp. 99–101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Florin Curta, "The early Slavs in Bohemia and Moravia: a response to my critics", Archeologické rozhledy, 61 (4), 2009, pp. 725–754</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kara2021-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2021_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2021_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2021_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kara2021_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKara2022" class="citation journal cs1">Kara, Michał (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/sla/article/view/35821">"Archaeology, mainly polish, in the current discussion on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs"</a>. <i>Slavia Antiqua. Rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim</i> (63): 75, 116–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14746%2Fsa.2022.63.3">10.14746/sa.2022.63.3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slavia+Antiqua.+Rocznik+po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony+staro%C5%BCytno%C5%9Bciom+s%C5%82owia%C5%84skim&rft.atitle=Archaeology%2C+mainly+polish%2C+in+the+current+discussion+on+the+ethnogenesis+of+the+Slavs&rft.issue=63&rft.pages=75%2C+116-119&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14746%2Fsa.2022.63.3&rft.aulast=Kara&rft.aufirst=Micha%C5%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressto.amu.edu.pl%2Findex.php%2Fsla%2Farticle%2Fview%2F35821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolverton2003-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wolverton2003_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wolverton2003_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wolverton2003_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolverton2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wolverton, Lisa (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/43198">"The Making of the Slavs: History and Archeology of the Lower Danube Region ca. 500-700 (review)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Interdisciplinary_History" title="Journal of Interdisciplinary History">Journal of Interdisciplinary History</a></i>. <b>34</b> (1): 92–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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(2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=123640">"Изобретение проблемы (по поводу книги Флорина Курты)"</a>. <i>Петербургские славянские и балканские исследования</i> (in Russian) (2): 13–20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1995-848X">1995-848X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B+%28%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=13-20&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1995-848X&rft.aulast=Shuvalov&rft.aufirst=Petr+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D123640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrej Pleterski, "The Ethnogenesis of the Slavs, the Methods and the Process", Starohrvatska prosvjeta, 3 (40), 2013, pp. 8–10, 22–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrej Pleterski, "The Early Slavs in the Eastern Alps and Their Periphery", in <i>The Slavs on the Danube. Homeland Found</i>, Editors-in-Charge Roman A. Rabinovich and Igor O. Gavritukhin, Stratum plus, No. 5, 2015, pp. 232, quote: "Однако под влиянием англосаксонских антропологических теорий возникла и третья концепция, согласно которой славяне в Европе распространялись не как «биологический» феномен, а как культурная модель образа жизни с языковым компонентом данной культурной модели (Barford 2001; Curta 2001; 2008; 2010; 2010а; Džino 2008; 2009). Недостаток данной концепции состоит в том, что она в основном сосредоточена на механизме передачи культурной модели, и гораздо меньше — на ее происхождении. На другие слабые места в ее аргументации указывает Владимир Сокол — это недостаточное знание адептами концеп1 За дружескую помощь я благодарю Владимира Нартника. №5. 2015 ции конкретных материалов, что приводит к произвольным интерпретационным выводам (Sokol 2011)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belaj18-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Belaj18_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelajBelaj2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vitomir_Belaj" title="Vitomir Belaj">Belaj, Vitomir</a>; Belaj, Juraj (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bib.irb.hr/988715">"Around and below Divuša: The Traces of Perun's Mother Arrival into Our Lands"</a>. <i>Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju / Serta Instituti Archaeologici, Vol. 10. Sacralization of Landscape and Sacred Places. Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific Conference of Mediaeval Archaeology of the Institute of Archaeology</i>. Zagreb: Institute of Archaeology. pp. 75–76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-6064-36-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-6064-36-6"><bdi>978-953-6064-36-6</bdi></a>. <q>The lexical content of the living culture of the ancient Slavs before their separation refutes Curta's conclusions. As if Curta before our eyes were writing a new historiographic myth about them (Belaj, V., Belaj, J. 2018). Negative answers to such considerations were not in short supply either. Suffice it to mention the 2009 and 2013 works by the Ljubljana scholar Andrej Pleterski, and the 2010 work by the Ukrainian scholar Maksim Žih. The latter mocked Curta: "in summary, we could say that F. Curta's works are frequently structured on the principle leading "from (an a priori) concept towards sources". We may add that Curta's way of thinking is suspiciously similar to the stadial theory of the Soviet scholar <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Marr" title="Nikolai Marr">Nicholas Yakovlevich Marr</a>9 (see: Belaj, V., Belaj, J. 2018) ... In addition to the fact that Curta's conclusions cannot withstand a logical critique, they are also based only on selected evidential material he necessitated in order to infer the conclusions he had already made in advance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Around+and+below+Divu%C5%A1a%3A+The+Traces+of+Perun%27s+Mother+Arrival+into+Our+Lands&rft.btitle=Zbornik+Instituta+za+arheologiju+%2F+Serta+Instituti+Archaeologici%2C+Vol.+10.+Sacralization+of+Landscape+and+Sacred+Places.+Proceedings+of+the+3rd+International+Scientific+Conference+of+Mediaeval+Archaeology+of+the+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pages=75-76&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-953-6064-36-6&rft.aulast=Belaj&rft.aufirst=Vitomir&rft.au=Belaj%2C+Juraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bib.irb.hr%2F988715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRejzek2017" class="citation cs2">Rejzek, Jiří (October 19–22, 2017), "Linguistic comments to Curta's making of the Slavs", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ff.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Abstrakty.pdf"><i>Language contact and the Early Slavs</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Prague: <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Arts,_Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague">Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2022</span>, <q>The controversial and provocative Curta's view of the Slavic ethnogenesis has been challenged by several historians and archeologists. As far as I know, linguistic arguments have not been used in the discussion too much, even though the new theory gave rise to several linguistic issues. If the Slavs "were made" by the Byzantines from different ethnic groups on the border of the empire, how to explain the affinity of Slavic and Baltic languages? Why should the Proto-Slavic serve as lingua franca in the Avar khaganate? Is it possible that the speakers of Proto-Slavic came from "nowhere"? How to explain the early presence of the Slavs and Slavic in Poland, Ukraine and Russia, far from the Byzantine Empire and out of range of the Avar khaganate?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Linguistic+comments+to+Curta%27s+making+of+the+Slavs&rft.btitle=Language+contact+and+the+Early+Slavs&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Arts%2C+Charles+University+in+Prague&rft.date=2017-10-19%2F2017-10-22&rft.aulast=Rejzek&rft.aufirst=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ff.cuni.cz%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2FAbstrakty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timberlake2013-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Timberlake2013_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timberlake2013_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimberlake2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Timberlake" title="Alan Timberlake">Timberlake, Alan</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/tsl.104.15tim">"Culture and the spread of Slavic"</a>. In Balthasar Bickel, Lenore A. Grenoble, David A. Peterson, Alan Timberlake (ed.). <i>Language Typology and Historical Contingency: In honor of Johanna Nichols</i>. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/John_Benjamins_Publishing_Company" title="John Benjamins Publishing Company">John Benjamins Publishing Company</a>. pp. 334, 348, 351–353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Ftsl.104.15tim">10.1075/tsl.104.15tim</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789027206855" title="Special:BookSources/9789027206855"><bdi>9789027206855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Culture+and+the+spread+of+Slavic&rft.btitle=Language+Typology+and+Historical+Contingency%3A+In+honor+of+Johanna+Nichols&rft.place=Amsterdam%2C+Philadelphia&rft.pages=334%2C+348%2C+351-353&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Ftsl.104.15tim&rft.isbn=9789027206855&rft.aulast=Timberlake&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbenjamins.com%2Fcatalog%2Ftsl.104.15tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2015" class="citation journal cs1">Curta, Florin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/clanak/246665">"Four questions for those who still believe in prehistoric Slavs and other fairy tales"</a>. <i>Starohrvatska prosvjeta</i>. <b>III</b> (42): 286–303.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Starohrvatska+prosvjeta&rft.atitle=Four+questions+for+those+who+still+believe+in+prehistoric+Slavs+and+other+fairy+tales&rft.volume=III&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=286-303&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Fen%2Fclanak%2F246665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindstedtSalmela2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jouko_Lindstedt" title="Jouko Lindstedt">Lindstedt, Jouko</a>; Salmela, Elina (2020). "Migrations and language shifts as components of the Slavic spread". In Tomáš Klír, Vít Boček, Nicolas Jansens (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.helsinki.fi/esalmela/files/2019/06/Lindstedt_and_Salmela_Slavic_spread_March_2018_preprint.pdf"><i>New Perspectives on the Early Slavs and the Rise of Slavic: Contact and Migrations</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. p. 275–300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8253-4707-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8253-4707-9"><bdi>978-3-8253-4707-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Migrations+and+language+shifts+as+components+of+the+Slavic+spread&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+the+Early+Slavs+and+the+Rise+of+Slavic%3A+Contact+and+Migrations&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pages=275-300&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A4tsverlag+Winter&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-8253-4707-9&rft.aulast=Lindstedt&rft.aufirst=Jouko&rft.au=Salmela%2C+Elina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.helsinki.fi%2Fesalmela%2Ffiles%2F2019%2F06%2FLindstedt_and_Salmela_Slavic_spread_March_2018_preprint.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurlej2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Turlej, Stanisław (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-2084-4069-year-2010-volume-137-article-351">"Justynian i początki Słowian. Uwagi na temat teorii Florina Curty"</a> [Justinian and the Early Days of the Slavs. Remarks on Florin Curta's Theory]. <i>Prace Historyczne</i> (in Polish). <b>137</b>: 11–19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prace+Historyczne&rft.atitle=Justynian+i+pocz%C4%85tki+S%C5%82owian.+Uwagi+na+temat+teorii+Florina+Curty&rft.volume=137&rft.pages=11-19&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Turlej&rft.aufirst=Stanis%C5%82aw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcejsh.icm.edu.pl%2Fcejsh%2Felement%2Fbwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-2084-4069-year-2010-volume-137-article-351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasary2006" class="citation journal cs1">Vasary, Istvan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/tmr/article/view/16130/22248">"06.03.16, Vasary, Response to Curta"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Medieval_Review" title="The Medieval Review">The Medieval Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medieval+Review&rft.atitle=06.03.16%2C+Vasary%2C+Response+to+Curta&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Vasary&rft.aufirst=Istvan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.iu.edu%2Fjournals%2Findex.php%2Ftmr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F16130%2F22248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation journal cs1">Curta, Florin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/tmr/article/view/16134/22252">"06.04.03, Curta, Response to Vasary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Medieval_Review" title="The Medieval Review">The Medieval Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medieval+Review&rft.atitle=06.04.03%2C+Curta%2C+Response+to+Vasary&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.iu.edu%2Fjournals%2Findex.php%2Ftmr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F16134%2F22252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomanchuk2021" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Romanchuk, Aleksey A. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=990825">"Пределы конструктивизма: в качестве реплики на «Slavs in the Making» Ф. Курты"</a> [The Limits of Constructivism: a Comment to the "Slavs in the Making" of F. Curta]. <i>Stratum Plus</i> (in Russian) (5): 435–444.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stratum+Plus&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%3A+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%C2%ABSlavs+in+the+Making%C2%BB+%D0%A4.+%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=435-444&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Romanchuk&rft.aufirst=Aleksey+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D990825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danijel Džino, <i>Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia</i>, BRILL, 2010, pp. 93–94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindstedt2017" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jouko_Lindstedt" title="Jouko Lindstedt">Lindstedt, Jouko</a> (October 19–22, 2017), "How the early Slavs existed: A short essay on ontology and methodology", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ff.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Abstrakty.pdf"><i>Language contact and the Early Slavs</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Prague: <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Arts,_Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague">Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2022</span>, <q>Despite Florin Curta (2015) declaring the prehistoric Slavs as a "fairy tale", they certainly existed at least in a linguistic sense: the Slavic language family is unexplainable without an earlier protolanguage, this Proto-Slavic must have had speakers, and "Slav" is the name that mediaeval sources mainly propose as the designation of those ... but there is also no reason to argue that they are totally unrelated groups of people. Linguistics shows the spread of the Slavic language in Eastern Europe in the second half of the first millennium CE; history and archaeology tell us about at least some major migrations in this same period of worsening living conditions (due to the Late Antique Little Ice Age and Justinian's Plague); population genetics shows the relatively recent common ancestry of most of the population in this area. These are distinct stories, but not unrelated stories, and the challenge is to construct an integrated view of the early speakers of Slavic on their basis, not to bury the Slavs under ontological doubts and methodological scruples.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+the+early+Slavs+existed%3A+A+short+essay+on+ontology+and+methodology&rft.btitle=Language+contact+and+the+Early+Slavs&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Arts%2C+Charles+University+in+Prague&rft.date=2017-10-19%2F2017-10-22&rft.aulast=Lindstedt&rft.aufirst=Jouko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ff.cuni.cz%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2FAbstrakty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorin+Curta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazanski-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kazanski_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Kazanski" title="Michel Kazanski">Michel Kazanski</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02902087">Archaeology of the Slavic Migrations</a>", in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Editor-in-Chief Marc L. Greenberg, BRILL, 2020, quote: "There are two specific aspects of the archaeology of Slavic migrations: the movement of the populations of the Slavic cultural model and the diffusion of this model amid non-Slavic populations. Certainly, both phenomena occurred; however, a pure diffusion of the Slavic model would hardly be possible, in any case in which a long period of time when the populations of different cultural traditions lived close to one another is assumed. Moreover, archaeologists researching Slavic antiquities do not accept the ideas produced by the "diffusionists," because most of the champions of the diffusion model know the specific archaeological materials poorly, so their works leave room for a number of arbitrary interpretations (for details, see Pleterski 2015: 232)."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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