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(Byzantská ríša)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 48 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuan_VIII_Paleologo" title="Chuan VIII Paleologo – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuan VIII Paleologo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC" title="يوحنا الثامن باليولوج – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوحنا الثامن باليولوج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC" title="يوحنا التامن باليولوج – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوحنا التامن باليولوج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII_%C4%B0ohann_Paleoloq" title="VIII İohann Paleoloq – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="VIII İohann Paleoloq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_VIII_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Іаан VIII Палеалог – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іаан VIII Палеалог" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD_VIII_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Йоан VIII Палеолог – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йоан VIII Палеолог" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_VIII_Pale%C3%B2leg" title="Joan VIII Paleòleg – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan VIII Paleòleg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_VIII._Palaiologos" title="Jan VIII. Palaiologos – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan VIII. Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_VIII._(Byzanz)" title="Johannes VIII. (Byzanz) – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes VIII. (Byzanz)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_VIII" title="Ioannes VIII – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ioannes VIII" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%97%CE%84_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ιωάννης Η΄ Παλαιολόγος – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννης Η΄ Παλαιολόγος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos" title="John VIII Palaiologos – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_VIII_Pale%C3%B3logo" title="Juan VIII Paleólogo – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan VIII Paleólogo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_VIII.a_Paleologo" title="Joan VIII.a Paleologo – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joan VIII.a Paleologo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ژان هشتم، امپراتور بیزانس – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان هشتم، امپراتور بیزانس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_VIII_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Jean VIII Paléologue – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean VIII Paléologue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%C3%A1n_VIII_Pale%C3%B3logo" title="Xoán VIII Paleólogo – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoán VIII Paleólogo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יוחנן השמיני, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוחנן השמיני, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_VIII._Paleolog" title="Ivan VIII. Paleolog – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan VIII. Paleolog" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._I%C3%B3ann%C3%A9sz_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="VIII. Ióannész bizánci császár – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VIII. Ióannész bizánci császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Ioannes VIII Palaiologos – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ioannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_VIII_Paleologo" title="Giovanni VIII Paleologo – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni VIII Paleologo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B98%E4%B8%96%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B9" title="ヨハネス8世パレオロゴス – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネス8世パレオロゴス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_VIII_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="იოანე VIII (ბიზანტია) – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოანე VIII (ბიზანტია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%95%88%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_8%EC%84%B8" title="요안니스 8세 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요안니스 8세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_VIII_Palaeologus" title="Ioannes VIII Palaeologus – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes VIII Palaeologus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_VIII_Paleologas" title="Jonas VIII Paleologas – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonas VIII Paleologas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_VIII_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Јован VIII Палеолог – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јован VIII Палеолог" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_VIII_Paleolog" title="Jan VIII Paleolog – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan VIII Paleolog" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_VIII_Pale%C3%B3logo" title="João VIII Paleólogo – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João VIII Paleólogo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_al_VIII-lea_Paleologul" title="Ioan al VIII-lea Paleologul – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ioan al VIII-lea Paleologul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_VIII_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Иоанн VIII Палеолог – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоанн VIII Палеолог" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovan_VIII_Paleolog" title="Jovan VIII Paleolog – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jovan VIII Paleolog" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_VIII._Paleolog" title="Ivan VIII. Paleolog – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivan VIII. Paleolog" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_VIII_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Јован VIII Палеолог – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јован VIII Палеолог" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_8_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรพรรดิจอห์นที่ 8 พาลาโอโลกอส – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิจอห์นที่ 8 พาลาโอโลกอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Juan VIII Palaiologos – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Juan VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._%C4%B0oannis" title="VIII. İoannis – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VIII. İoannis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_VIII_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Іоанн VIII Палеолог – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іоанн VIII Палеолог" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جان ہشتم پالایولوگوس – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جان ہشتم پالایولوگوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Ioannes VIII Palaiologos – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ioannes VIII Palaiologos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96_(%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD)" title="约翰八世 (拜占庭) – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰八世 (拜占庭)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37062#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia:J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenčina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazenia"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=history" title="Minulé revízie tejto stránky. 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Palaiologos</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_vl%C3%A1dcov_Byzantskej_r%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Zoznam vládcov Byzantskej ríše">byzantský cisár</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Palaio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postava prostredného kráľa na freske od Benozza Gozzoliho v Kaplnke troch kráľov vo Florencii zobrazuje cisára Jána VIII., ktorý sa zúčastnil Florentského koncilu."><img alt="Postava prostredného kráľa na freske od Benozza Gozzoliho v Kaplnke troch kráľov vo Florencii zobrazuje cisára Jána VIII., ktorý sa zúčastnil Florentského koncilu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Palaio.jpg/230px-Palaio.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Palaio.jpg/345px-Palaio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Palaio.jpg/460px-Palaio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="2502" /></a></span> <br /> <span style="">Postava prostredného kráľa na freske od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benozzo_Gozzoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benozzo Gozzoli (stránka neexistuje)">Benozza Gozzoliho</a> v Kaplnke troch kráľov vo Florencii zobrazuje cisára Jána VIII., ktorý sa zúčastnil <a href="/wiki/Bazilejsko-ferrarsko-florentsk%C3%BD_koncil" title="Bazilejsko-ferrarsko-florentský koncil">Florentského koncilu</a>.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Device_of_the_Palaiologos_Dynasty.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ján VIII., erb (z wikidata)"><img alt="Ján VIII., erb (z wikidata)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Device_of_the_Palaiologos_Dynasty.svg/145px-Device_of_the_Palaiologos_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Device_of_the_Palaiologos_Dynasty.svg/218px-Device_of_the_Palaiologos_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Device_of_the_Palaiologos_Dynasty.svg/290px-Device_of_the_Palaiologos_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #B80049; color: #FFFFFF;">Panovanie</th></tr><tr><th style="">Dynastia</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Palaiologovci" title="Palaiologovci">Palaiologovci</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Panovanie</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/1408" title="1408">1408</a>/<a href="/wiki/1425" title="1425">1425</a> – <a href="/wiki/1448" title="1448">1448</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Predchodca</th><td style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_II._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel II. (Byzantská ríša) (stránka neexistuje)">Manuel II.</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Nástupca</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADn_XI._(Palaiologos)" title="Konštantín XI. (Palaiologos)">Konštantín XI.</a> (brat)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #B80049; color: #FFFFFF;">Biografické údaje</th></tr><tr><th style="">Narodenie</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/18._december" title="18. december">18. december</a> <a href="/wiki/1392" title="1392">1392</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Konštantínopol">Konštantínopol</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Úmrtie</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/31._okt%C3%B3ber" title="31. október">31. október</a> <a href="/wiki/1448" title="1448">1448</a> (55 rokov)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Konštantínopol">Konštantínopol</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Vierovyznanie</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Pravosl%C3%A1vna_cirkev_(v%C3%BDchodn%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3pa)" title="Pravoslávna cirkev (východná Európa)">pravoslávne kresťanstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latinsk%C3%A1_cirkev" title="Latinská cirkev">katolicizmus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #B80049; color: #FFFFFF;">Rodina</th></tr><tr><th style="">Manželka</th><td style=""><div> I. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Vasilievna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Vasilievna (stránka neexistuje)">Anna Vasilievna</a><br />II. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofia_z_Montferratu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofia z Montferratu (stránka neexistuje)">Sofia z Montferratu</a><br />III. <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1ria_Megas_Komn%C3%A9na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mária Megas Komnéna (stránka neexistuje)">Mária Megas Komnéna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="">Otec</th><td style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_II._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel II. (Byzantská ríša) (stránka neexistuje)">Manuel II.</a></td></tr><tr><th style="">Matka</th><td style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jelena_Draga%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jelena Dragaš (stránka neexistuje)">Jelena Dragaš</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #B80049; color: #FFFFFF;">Odkazy</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Spolupracuj na Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></th><td style=""><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ioannes_VIII_Palaiologos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ioannes VIII Palaiologos">Ján VIII.<small><br />(multimediálne súbory na commons)</small></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" title="Portály, ktorých súčasťou je táto stránka" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; display:inline-table; padding: 0ex 0.05ex; border-style:none; background:transparent;" title="Portály, ktorých súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;border:none;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border:none;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Hist%C3%B3ria" title="Historický portál"><img alt="Historický portál" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hourglass_drawing-full.svg/18px-Hourglass_drawing-full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hourglass_drawing-full.svg/27px-Hourglass_drawing-full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hourglass_drawing-full.svg/36px-Hourglass_drawing-full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="708" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Hist%C3%B3ria" title="Portál:História">Historický portál</a><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Byzantský portál"><img alt="Byzantský portál" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/18px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/27px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/36px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Portál:Byzantská ríša">Byzantský portál</a><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:%C4%BDudia" title="Biografický portál"><img alt="Biografický portál" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png/18px-Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png/27px-Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png/36px-Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:%C4%BDudia" title="Portál:Ľudia">Biografický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Ján VIII. Palaiologos</b> (<a href="/wiki/Starogr%C3%A9%C4%8Dtina" title="Starogréčtina">starogr.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="grc" dir="ltr" title="starogrécky, koiné, stredogrécky (do 1453)">Ιωάννης Η' Παλαιολόγος</span> – <i>Ióannes VIII. Palaiologos</i>; * <a href="/wiki/17._december" title="17. december">17.</a>/<a href="/wiki/18._december" title="18. december">18. december</a> <a href="/wiki/1392" title="1392">1392</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Konštantínopol">Konštantínopol</a> – † <a href="/wiki/31._okt%C3%B3ber" title="31. október">31. október</a> <a href="/wiki/1448" title="1448">1448</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Konštantínopol">Konštantínopol</a>) bol predposledný cisár <a href="/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Byzantská ríša">Byzantskej ríše</a>. Ako spoluvládca svojho otca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_II._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel II. (Byzantská ríša) (stránka neexistuje)">Manuela II.</a> vládol od roku <a href="/wiki/1408" title="1408">1408</a>, samostatne v rokoch <a href="/wiki/1421" title="1421">1421</a>/<a href="/wiki/1425" title="1425">1425</a> – <a href="/wiki/1448" title="1448">1448</a>. Zúčastnil sa na <a href="/wiki/Bazilejsko-ferrarsko-florentsk%C3%BD_koncil" title="Bazilejsko-ferrarsko-florentský koncil">koncile vo Ferrare a Florencii</a>, kde bola zjednaná cirkevná únia medzi Východom a Západom. Ani následné kroky kresťanskej koalície však nezabránili úpadku moci Byzancie a vzostupu Osmanov.<sup id="cite_ref-:VV_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:VV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:KZD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:KZD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:ROS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:ROS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Životopis"><span id=".C5.BDivotopis"></span>Životopis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Životopis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Životopis"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ján sa narodil ako najstarší syn byzantského cisára <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_II._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel II. (Byzantská ríša) (stránka neexistuje)">Manuela II.</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jelena_Draga%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jelena Dragaš (stránka neexistuje)">Jeleny Dragašovej</a> v decembri roku <a href="/wiki/1392" title="1392">1392</a>. Pred rokom<sup id="cite_ref-:KZD_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:KZD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alebo v<sup id="cite_ref-:VV_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:VV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> roku <a href="/wiki/1408" title="1408">1408</a> bol ustanovený za spoluvládcu svojho otca. V roku <a href="/wiki/1421" title="1421">1421</a> sa ešte za Manuelovho života stal autokratorom a vládol v podstate sám. Manuelova smrť v roku 1425 z mocenského hľadiska nič nezmenila. Pre obmedzené možnosti expanzie sa zameral na zisk <a href="/wiki/Pelopon%C3%A9z_(polostrov)" title="Peloponéz (polostrov)">Peloponézu</a> (Morey), stále čiastočne ovládaného franskými rytiermi. Polostrov celý opanoval a začlenil do <a href="/wiki/Morejsk%C3%BD_despot%C3%A1t" title="Morejský despotát">Morejského despotátu</a>. Začal tiež expandovať do <a href="/wiki/Atika_(polostrov)" title="Atika (polostrov)">Atiky</a> a <a href="/wiki/Boi%C3%B3tia" title="Boiótia">Boiótie</a>, no pád <a href="/wiki/Sol%C3%BAn" title="Solún">Solúna</a> do rúk Osmanom (1430) znamenal citeľnú ranu do jeho mocenských snáh.<sup id="cite_ref-:VV_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:VV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:KZD_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:KZD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ján si bol vedomý, že <a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Osmanská ríša">Osmanov</a>, ktorých moc v Európe bola v tom období už značná, bez pomoci neporazí. Obrátil sa preto so žiadosťou o pomoc na Západ, kde jednal s pápežom <a href="/wiki/Eugen_IV." title="Eugen IV.">Eugenom IV.</a> o cirkevnej únii. Keďže takýto krok musel byť z hľadiska Východu uskutočnený koncilom, zúčastnili sa Byzantínci v roku <a href="/wiki/1439" title="1439">1439</a> <a href="/wiki/Bazilejsko-ferrarsko-florentsk%C3%BD_koncil" title="Bazilejsko-ferrarsko-florentský koncil">koncilu vo Florencii</a>, kde bola uzavretá dohoda o únii (pozri: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo_v_Byzantskej_r%C3%AD%C5%A1i#Cirkevná_únia_z_Florentského_koncilu" title="Náboženstvo v Byzantskej ríši">Cirkevná únia z Florentského koncilu</a>). Dohoda znamenala početné ústupky voči požiadavkám Západu, čo v Konštantínopole vyvolalo značné rozhorčenie. Výsledkom koncilových jednaní bola križiacka výprava vedená uhorským magnátom <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Hu%C5%88ady" title="Ján Huňady">Jánom Huňadim</a> a poľským kráľom <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_III._(Po%C4%BEsko,_1434)" title="Vladislav III. (Poľsko, 1434)">Vladislavom</a>. Križiaci však boli v roku <a href="/wiki/1444" title="1444">1444</a> <a href="/wiki/Bitka_pri_Varne" title="Bitka pri Varne">pri Varne</a> porazení a Byzancia sa dostala do značného ohrozenia. Únia sa do praxe nepreviedla a sultán s vojskami v odvetnej akcii vtrhol do Grécka. Po <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_na_Korintskej_%C5%A1iji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka na Korintskej šiji (stránka neexistuje)">bitke na Korintskej šiji</a> v roku <a href="/wiki/1446" title="1446">1446</a> musela Osmanom platiť tribút aj byzantská <a href="/wiki/Morejsk%C3%BD_despot%C3%A1t" title="Morejský despotát">Morea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:VV_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:VV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:KZD_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:KZD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:ROS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:ROS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V roku <a href="/wiki/1448" title="1448">1448</a> zomrel. Napriek tomu, že bol trikrát ženatý, nemal ani jednoho potomka a moc preto prešla do rúk jeho brata <a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADn_XI._(Palaiologos)" title="Konštantín XI. (Palaiologos)">Konštantína XI.</a><sup id="cite_ref-:KZD_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:KZD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konštantín bol posledným byzantským cisárom, pretože <a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Konštantínopol">Konštantínopol</a> v roku <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> obsadili <a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Osmanská ríša">Turci</a> (pozri <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1d_Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopola" title="Pád Konštantínopola">Pád Konštantínopola</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:VV-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:VV_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:VV_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:VV_1-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:VV_1-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ioannes VIII. Palaiologos In: <cite style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Vav%C5%99%C3%ADnek" title="Vladimír Vavřínek">VAVŘÍNEK, Vladimír</a>; BALCÁREK, Petr. <i>Encyklopedie Byzance</i>. 1. vyd. Praha : <a href="/wiki/Libri" title="Libri">Libri</a>; Slovanský ústav AV ČR, 2011. 552 s. (Práce Slovanského ústavu AV ČR. Nová řada; zv. 33.) <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-80-7277-485-2" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-80-7277-485-2">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-80-7277-485-2</span></a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-80-86420-43-1" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-80-86420-43-1"> <span class="ISBN">978-80-86420-43-1</span></a></span>. S. 219 – 220. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:KZD-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:KZD_2-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:KZD_2-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:KZD_2-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:KZD_2-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:KZD_2-4"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">e</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">JOHN VIII PALAIOLOGOS In: <cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</i>. Ed. <a href="/wiki/Alexandr_Petrovi%C4%8D_Ka%C5%BEdan" title="Alexandr Petrovič Každan">Alexander P. Kazhdan</a>. 1. vyd. New York : <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1991. 2338 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0-19-504652-8" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0-19-504652-8">ISBN <span class="ISBN">0-19-504652-8</span></a></span>. S. 1053 – 1054. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:ROS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:ROS_3-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:ROS_3-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">JOHN VIII PALAIOLOGOS. In: <cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Historical Dictionary of Byzantium</i>. Ed. John R. Rosser. 1. vyd. New York : <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2001. 536 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0810839793" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0810839793">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0810839793</span></a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0810839792" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0810839792"> <span class="ISBN">0810839792</span></a></span>. S. 218. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozri aj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo_v_Byzantskej_r%C3%AD%C5%A1i#Cirkevná_únia_z_Florentského_koncilu" title="Náboženstvo v Byzantskej ríši">náboženstvo v Byzantskej ríši</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_VIII._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ioannes_VIII_Palaiologos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ioannes VIII Palaiologos">Commons</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ioannes_VIII_Palaiologos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ioannes VIII Palaiologos">Ján VIII. 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