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People</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lower-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/lower-canada'><span>Lower Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/military'><span>Military</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='new-france'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/new-france'><span>New France</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='upper-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/upper-canada'><span>Upper Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='western-and-northwestern-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/western-and-northwestern-canada'><span>Western and Northwestern Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military'><span>Military</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='air-force'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/air-force'><span>Air Force</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='army'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/army'><span>Army</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-asian-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/mp-asian-canadians'><span>Asian Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='black-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/black-canadians'><span>Black Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='british-colonial-forces'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/british-colonial-forces'><span>British Colonial Forces</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='colonial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/colonial'><span>Colonial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='first-world-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/first-world-war'><span>First World War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-peoples'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/indigenous-peoples'><span>Indigenous Peoples</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='korean-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/korean-war'><span>Korean War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='medical-personnel'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/medical-personnel'><span>Medical Personnel</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='navy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/navy'><span>Navy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='north-west-rebellion'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/north-west-rebellion'><span>North-West Rebellion</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='peacekeeping-and-the-united-nations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/peacekeeping-and-the-united-nations'><span>Peacekeeping and the United Nations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-prisoners-of-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/mp-prisoners-of-war'><span>Prisoners of War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='second-world-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/second-world-war'><span>Second World War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='south-african-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/south-african-war'><span>South African War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='victoria-cross-recipients'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/victoria-cross-recipients'><span>Victoria Cross Recipients</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-war-brides'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/mp-war-brides'><span>War Brides</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='war-in-afghanistan'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/war-in-afghanistan'><span>War in Afghanistan</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='nature-geography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography'><span>Nature & Geography</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='biologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/biologists'><span>Biologists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='chemists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/chemists'><span>Chemists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='earth-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/earth-scientists'><span>Earth scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='environmentalists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/environmentalists'><span>Environmentalists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='explorers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/explorers'><span>Explorers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='geographers-cartographers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/geographers-cartographers'><span>Geographers & Cartographers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='physicists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/physicists'><span>Physicists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='zoologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/zoologists'><span>Zoologists</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='politics-law'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law'><span>Politics & Law</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='civil-servants'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/civil-servants'><span>Civil Servants</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commissioners'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/commissioners'><span>Commissioners</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='criminals-and-outlaws'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/criminals-and-outlaws'><span>Criminals and Outlaws</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='diplomats-ambassadors'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/diplomats-ambassadors'><span>Diplomats & Ambassadors</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='governor-generals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/governor-generals'><span>Governor Generals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-people'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/indigenous-people'><span>Indigenous People</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='judges'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/judges'><span>Judges</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='labour-leaders'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/labour-leaders'><span>Labour Leaders</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-enforcement'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/law-enforcement'><span>Law Enforcement</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lawyers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/lawyers'><span>Lawyers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lieutenant-governors'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/lieutenant-governors'><span>Lieutenant-Governors</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='political-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/political-scientists'><span>Political Scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='politicians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/politicians'><span>Politicians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='premiers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/premiers'><span>Premiers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prime-ministers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/prime-ministers'><span>Prime Ministers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rebels-and-resistance-leaders'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/rebels-and-resistance-leaders'><span>Rebels and Resistance Leaders</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='reformers-activists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/reformers-activists'><span>Reformers & Activists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='royals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/royals'><span>Royals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='senators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/senators'><span>Senators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='spies'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/spies'><span>Spies</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='wrongly-convicted'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/wrongly-convicted'><span>Wrongly Convicted</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='science-technology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology'><span>Science & Technology</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architects-builders-planners'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/architects-builders-planners'><span>Architects, Builders & Planners</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='astronauts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/astronauts'><span>Astronauts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='aviators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/aviators'><span>Aviators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='biologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/biologists'><span>Biologists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='chemists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/chemists'><span>Chemists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='computer-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/computer-scientists'><span>Computer Scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='earth-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/earth-scientists'><span>Earth scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='engineers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/engineers'><span>Engineers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='explorers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/explorers'><span>Explorers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='geographers-cartographers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/geographers-cartographers'><span>Geographers & Cartographers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='health-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/health-scientists'><span>Health scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='healthcare-professionals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/healthcare-professionals'><span>Healthcare professionals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historical-figures'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/historical-figures'><span>Historical figures</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='inventors-and-innovators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/inventors-and-innovators'><span>Inventors and Innovators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mathematicians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/mathematicians'><span>Mathematicians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='minorities-in-stem'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/minorities-in-stem'><span>Minorities in STEM</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='paleontologists-archaeologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/paleontologists-archaeologists'><span>Paleontologists & Archaeologists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='physicists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/physicists'><span>Physicists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='reformers-activists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/reformers-activists'><span>Reformers & Activists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/social-scientists'><span>Social scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women-in-stem'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/women-in-stem'><span>Women in STEM</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='sports-recreation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation'><span>Sports & Recreation</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='athletes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/athletes'><span>Athletes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='coaches-and-managers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/coaches-and-managers'><span>Coaches and Managers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='competitors'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/competitors'><span>Competitors</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='minorities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/minorities'><span>Minorities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class='sb-cat-top sb-group' data-id='places'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places'><span>Places</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='arts-culture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture'><span>Arts & Culture</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architecture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/architecture'><span>Architecture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='halls-theatres'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/halls-theatres'><span>Halls & Theatres</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='museums-galleries-archives'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/museums-galleries-archives'><span>Museums, Galleries & Archives</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='schools-institutions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/schools-institutions'><span>Schools & Institutions</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='buildings-monuments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments'><span>Buildings & Monuments</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architectural-landmarks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/architectural-landmarks'><span>Architectural Landmarks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='buildings'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/buildings'><span>Buildings</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='cenotaphs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/cenotaphs'><span>Cenotaphs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='hospitals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/hospitals'><span>Hospitals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='memorials'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/memorials'><span>Memorials</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='monuments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/monuments'><span>Monuments</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='province'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/province'><span>Province</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='stadiums'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/stadiums'><span>Stadiums</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='territory'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/territory'><span>Territory</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='cities-populated-places'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places'><span>Cities & Populated Places</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='cities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/cities'><span>Cities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='districts-and-municipalities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/districts-and-municipalities'><span>Districts and municipalities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-reserves-settlements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/indigenous-reserves-settlements'><span>Indigenous Reserves & Settlements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='neighbourhoods'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/neighbourhoods'><span>Neighbourhoods</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='towns'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/towns'><span>Towns</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='villages'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/villages'><span>Villages</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='geographical-features'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features'><span>Geographical features</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='boundaries-geographical-names'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/boundaries-geographical-names'><span>Boundaries & Geographical Names</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='capes-peninsulas'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/capes-peninsulas'><span>Capes & Peninsulas</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='coastal-regions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/coastal-regions'><span>Coastal Regions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='inland-waters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/inland-waters'><span>Inland Waters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='islands'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/islands'><span>Islands</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lakes-reservoirs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/lakes-reservoirs'><span>Lakes & Reservoirs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='land-features'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/land-features'><span>Land Features</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='landforms'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/landforms'><span>Landforms</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mountains'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/mountains'><span>Mountains</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='oceans'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/oceans'><span>Oceans</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='passes-trails'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/passes-trails'><span>Passes & Trails</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='peninsulas'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/peninsulas'><span>Peninsulas</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prairie'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/prairie'><span>Prairie</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='regions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/regions'><span>Regions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rivers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/rivers'><span>Rivers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='valleys'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/valleys'><span>Valleys</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='waterfalls'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/waterfalls'><span>Waterfalls</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites'><span>Historic sites</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='archeological-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/archeological-sites'><span>Archeological sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='exploration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/exploration'><span>Exploration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='heritage-buildings'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/heritage-buildings'><span>Heritage buildings</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='national-historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/national-historic-sites'><span>National historic sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial-historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/provincial-historic-sites'><span>Provincial historic sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='traditional-territories'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/traditional-territories'><span>Traditional Territories</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unesco-world-heritage-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/unesco-world-heritage-sites'><span>UNESCO World Heritage Sites</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military'><span>Military</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='battlefields'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/battlefields'><span>Battlefields</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='canadian-forces-bases'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/canadian-forces-bases'><span>Canadian Forces Bases</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='memorials'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/memorials'><span>Memorials</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='monuments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/monuments'><span>Monuments</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='parks-nature-reserves'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves'><span>Parks & Nature Reserves</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='canals-waterways'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/canals-waterways'><span>Canals & Waterways</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='city-parks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/city-parks'><span>City parks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='national-parks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/national-parks'><span>National parks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='nature-reserves'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/nature-reserves'><span>Nature Reserves</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial-parks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/provincial-parks'><span>Provincial parks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unesco-world-biosphere-reserves'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/unesco-world-biosphere-reserves'><span>UNESCO World Biosphere Reserves</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='provinces-territories'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories'><span>Provinces & Territories</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='alberta'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/alberta'><span>Alberta</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='british-columbia'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/british-columbia'><span>British Columbia</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='manitoba'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/manitoba'><span>Manitoba</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='new-brunswick'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/new-brunswick'><span>New Brunswick</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='newfoundland-and-labrador'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/newfoundland-and-labrador'><span>Newfoundland and Labrador</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='northwest-territories'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/northwest-territories'><span>Northwest Territories</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='nova-scotia'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/nova-scotia'><span>Nova Scotia</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='nunavut'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/nunavut'><span>Nunavut</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='ontario'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/ontario'><span>Ontario</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prince-edward-island'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/prince-edward-island'><span>Prince Edward Island</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='quebec'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/quebec'><span>Quebec</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='saskatchewan'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/saskatchewan'><span>Saskatchewan</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='yukon-territory'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/yukon-territory'><span>Yukon Territory</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='transportation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation'><span>Transportation</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='airports'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/airports'><span>Airports</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='bridges'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/bridges'><span>Bridges</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='passes-trails'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/passes-trails'><span>Passes & Trails</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='railroad'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/railroad'><span>Railroad</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='roads-highways'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/roads-highways'><span>Roads & Highways</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='waterways-docks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/waterways-docks'><span>Waterways & Docks</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class='sb-cat-top sb-group' data-id='things'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things'><span>Things</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='arts-culture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture'><span>Arts & Culture</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architecture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/architecture'><span>Architecture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='awards'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/awards'><span>Awards</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='communications'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/communications'><span>Communications</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='culture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/culture'><span>Culture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='dance'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/dance'><span>Dance</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='entertainment'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/entertainment'><span>Entertainment</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='festivals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/festivals'><span>Festivals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='food'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/food'><span>Food</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='literature'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/literature'><span>Literature</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='music'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/music'><span>Music</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='organizations-movements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/organizations-movements'><span>Organizations & Movements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='performances'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/performances'><span>Performances</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='religion-philosophy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/religion-philosophy'><span>Religion & Philosophy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='visual-art'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/visual-art'><span>Visual Art</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='business-economics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics'><span>Business & Economics</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='companies'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/companies'><span>Companies</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='economy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/economy'><span>Economy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='finance'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/finance'><span>Finance</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/industry'><span>Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='laws-programs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/laws-programs'><span>Laws & Programs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='money'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/money'><span>Money</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='policy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/policy'><span>Policy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='public-utility'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/public-utility'><span>Public Utility</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='taxation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/taxation'><span>Taxation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='trade'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/trade'><span>Trade</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unions-labour'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/unions-labour'><span>Unions & Labour</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='communities-sociology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology'><span>Communities & Sociology</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='crime'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/crime'><span>Crime</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='demography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/demography'><span>Demography</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='disasters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/disasters'><span>Disasters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='diverse-communities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/diverse-communities'><span>Diverse Communities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='holidays-commemoration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/holidays-commemoration'><span>Holidays & Commemoration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='immigration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/immigration'><span>Immigration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='languages'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/languages'><span>Languages</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='organizations-movements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/organizations-movements'><span>Organizations & Movements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prejudice'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/prejudice'><span>Prejudice</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='protests'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/protests'><span>Protests</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='religion'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/religion'><span>Religion</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='royal-commissions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/royal-commissions'><span>Royal Commissions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-events'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-events'><span>Social Events</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-issues'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-issues'><span>Social Issues</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-laws-programs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-laws-programs'><span>Social Laws & Programs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-trends'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-trends'><span>Social Trends</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='sociology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/sociology'><span>Sociology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unions-labour-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/unions-labour-organizations'><span>Unions & Labour Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='urban-affairs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/urban-affairs'><span>Urban Affairs</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education'><span>Education</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='educational-institutions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/educational-institutions'><span>Educational Institutions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='interactive-resources'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/interactive-resources'><span>Interactive Resources</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='libraries-library-science'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/libraries-library-science'><span>Libraries & Library Science</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='music-education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/music-education'><span>Music Education</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='primary-sources'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/primary-sources'><span>Primary Sources</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='teaching-and-learning'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/teaching-and-learning'><span>Teaching and Learning</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='types-of-education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/types-of-education'><span>Types of Education</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history'><span>History</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='atlantic-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/atlantic-canada'><span>Atlantic Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='business'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/business'><span>Business</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='classics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/classics'><span>Classics</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='colonies'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/colonies'><span>Colonies</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commemorations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/commemorations'><span>Commemorations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='constitution'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/constitution'><span>Constitution</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='disasters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/disasters'><span>Disasters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='economic'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/economic'><span>Economic</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='exploration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/exploration'><span>Exploration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='firsts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/firsts'><span>Firsts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='folklore'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/folklore'><span>Folklore</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/historic-sites'><span>Historic Sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historical-theses'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/historical-theses'><span>Historical Theses</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/industry'><span>Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lower-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/lower-canada'><span>Lower Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='medals-emblems-heraldry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/medals-emblems-heraldry'><span>Medals, Emblems & Heraldry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/military'><span>Military</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='national'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/national'><span>National</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='new-france'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/new-france'><span>New France</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='politics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/politics'><span>Politics</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/provincial'><span>Provincial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rebellions-riots'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/rebellions-riots'><span>Rebellions & Riots</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='regional'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/regional'><span>Regional</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/social-history'><span>Social History</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='territorial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/territorial'><span>Territorial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='treaties'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/treaties'><span>Treaties</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='upper-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/upper-canada'><span>Upper Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='western-and-northwestern-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/western-and-northwestern-canada'><span>Western and Northwestern Canada</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military'><span>Military</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-air-force'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-air-force'><span>Air Force</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-aircraft'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-aircraft'><span>Aircraft</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-armaments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-armaments'><span>Armaments</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='armed-forces'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/armed-forces'><span>Armed Forces</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-armoured-vehicles'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-armoured-vehicles'><span>Armoured Vehicles</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-army'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-army'><span>Army</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='colonial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/colonial'><span>Colonial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commemorations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/commemorations'><span>Commemorations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='defence'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/defence'><span>Defence</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-documents'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-documents'><span>Documents</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='forts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/forts'><span>Forts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/history'><span>History</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-medals-decorations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-medals-decorations'><span>Medals & Decorations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='military-engagements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/military-engagements'><span>Military Engagements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-navy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-navy'><span>Navy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='organizations-and-regiments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/organizations-and-regiments'><span>Organizations and Regiments</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='peacekeeping'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/peacekeeping'><span>Peacekeeping</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-ships'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-ships'><span>Ships</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-socializing'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-socializing'><span>Socializing</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='technology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/technology'><span>Technology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='treaties'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/treaties'><span>Treaties</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-trench-warfare'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-trench-warfare'><span>Trench Warfare</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='wars'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/wars'><span>Wars</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='nature-geography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography'><span>Nature & Geography</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='agriculture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/agriculture'><span>Agriculture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='animals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/animals'><span>Animals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='climate'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/climate'><span>Climate</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='disasters-extreme-weather'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/disasters-extreme-weather'><span>Disasters/Extreme Weather</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='environment'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/environment'><span>Environment</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='geology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/geology'><span>Geology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='hydrology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/hydrology'><span>Hydrology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='land-features'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/land-features'><span>Land Features</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mining-and-metallurgy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/mining-and-metallurgy'><span>Mining and Metallurgy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='natural-resources'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/natural-resources'><span>Natural resources</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='plants'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/plants'><span>Plants</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='transportation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/transportation'><span>Transportation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='urban-affairs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/urban-affairs'><span>Urban Affairs</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='politics-law'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law'><span>Politics & Law</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='acts-statutes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/acts-statutes'><span>Acts & Statutes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='agents-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/agents-organizations'><span>Agents & Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='charters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/charters'><span>Charters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commissions-reports'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/commissions-reports'><span>Commissions & Reports</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='courts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/courts'><span>Courts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='federal-institutions-and-offices'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/federal-institutions-and-offices'><span>Federal Institutions and Offices</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='government'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/government'><span>Government</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='immigration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/immigration'><span>Immigration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='international-affairs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/international-affairs'><span>International Affairs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='international-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/international-organizations'><span>International Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='judiciary'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/judiciary'><span>Judiciary</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-cases'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/law-cases'><span>Law Cases</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-enforcement'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/law-enforcement'><span>Law Enforcement</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-and-policy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/law-and-policy'><span>Law and Policy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='legislation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/legislation'><span>Legislation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='municipal-institutions-and-offices'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/municipal-institutions-and-offices'><span>Municipal Institutions and Offices</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='parliamentary-institutions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/parliamentary-institutions'><span>Parliamentary Institutions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='police-and-security'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/police-and-security'><span>Police and Security</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='political-events'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/political-events'><span>Political Events</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='political-statutes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/political-statutes'><span>Political Statutes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='protests-and-strikes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/protests-and-strikes'><span>Protests and Strikes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial-institutions-and-offices'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/provincial-institutions-and-offices'><span>Provincial Institutions and Offices</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='public-policy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/public-policy'><span>Public Policy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rights'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/rights'><span>Rights</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='treaties'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/treaties'><span>Treaties</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='types-of-law'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/types-of-law'><span>Types of Law</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='science-technology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology'><span>Science & Technology</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='biology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/biology'><span>Biology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='chemistry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/chemistry'><span>Chemistry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='climate-and-climatology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/climate-and-climatology'><span>Climate and Climatology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='communications'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/communications'><span>Communications</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='computer-science'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/computer-science'><span>Computer Science</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='demography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/demography'><span>Demography</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='earth-sciences'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/earth-sciences'><span>Earth Sciences</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='energy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/energy'><span>Energy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='engineering'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/engineering'><span>Engineering</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='health-medicine'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/health-medicine'><span>Health & Medicine</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='hydrology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/hydrology'><span>Hydrology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/industry'><span>Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='institutions-and-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a 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class="browse__results-counter text-xsmall uppercase" > Displaying 1-15 of 15 results </div> <form class="form-inline main-grid__content--wide" id="browse_filter"> <div class="js-search-filter-container browse__filters"> <select aria-label="Search" class="input" disabled> <option aria-label="Search" disabled="disabled" value="" selected="selected">DIG DEEPER</option> </select> <select aria-label="Search" class="input" name="type"> <option disabled selected>FILTER BY CONTENT TYPE</option> <option value="article">Articles</option> <option value="timeline">Timelines</option> <option value="collection">Collections</option> <option value="study-guide">Education Guides</option> <option value="quiz">Quizzes</option> <option value="primary-source">Primary Sources</option> <option value="memory-project">Memory Project Archive</option> <option value="video">Videos</option> <option value="podcast">Podcasts</option> </select> <div> <button class="b b-md b-invert" type="submit">Apply filters</button> </div> </div> </form> <div class="browse__results"> <ul class='browse__results__list'> <li class="result"> <div class="content"> <p class="result__type">Article</p> <h4 class="result__title"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-justice"> Justice Systems of Indigenous Peoples in Canada </a> </h4> <p class="result__summary">Underlying the move toward the establishment of an independent or quasi-independent Indigenous justice system is a recognition that there are certain values and customs historically attached to Indigenous communities. 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Power of attorney is the legal document appointing this representative.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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In that capacity, the attorney general is responsible for the conduct of prosecutions of offences on behalf of the Crown and serves as solicitor to the Crown in respect of any civil matters.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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It usually takes the form of an order preventing or restraining a person from performing an act. The order may also take a mandatory form by compelling someone to do something.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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It is the branch of government in which judicial power is vested. It is independent of the legislative and executive branches. Judges are public officers appointed to preside in a court of justice, to interpret and apply the laws of Canada. They are responsible for adjudicating personal, sensitive, delicate, and emotional disputes; and for resolving major social, economic, and political issues that arise within a legal context. As such, the judiciary helps mold the social fabric governing daily life.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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This tool is designed to help educators help students think critically about the history and basic principles of the justice system in Canada. The tool focuses specifically on certain key moments, documents, and institutions that are fundamental to the origin and development of the current system in Canada.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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If a person knowingly makes a false statement under oath outside a judicial proceeding, he or she would also be guilty of an offence.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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It was commissioned by the Government of Ontario in 1964. It was completed in 1971. Chaired by judge James Chalmers McRuer, it was also known as the McRuer Commission of 1971. Its final report totalled 2,281 pages and included 976 suggested legal reforms. The inquiry was highly influential. It prioritized ideas of fairness, accessibility and equity within the justice system. It also led to reforms in other branches of government to protect those principles. It was an important precursor to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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It has jurisdiction over federal and provincial laws. Founded in 1875, the Court was at first subject to being overruled by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Great Britain. The Supreme Court has had the final judicial say on legal and social issues in Canada since 1949. The Supreme Court bench is comprised of nine judges including the Chief Justice of Canada, currently Richard Wagner. At least three justices must be from Quebec. All judges are nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the governor-in-council (the governor general and the Cabinet).</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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