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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Vinca</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عناقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عناقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1fotu" title="Qıfotu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qıfotu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%92%D8%AA%D9%88" title="قیف اوْتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیف اوْتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Барвенак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Барвенак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Винка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Винка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouanez_(plantenn)" title="Rouanez (plantenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rouanez (plantenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komentang" title="Komentang – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Komentang" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barv%C3%ADnek" title="Barvínek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Barvínek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singr%C3%B8n" title="Singrøn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Singrøn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immergr%C3%BCn" title="Immergrün – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Immergrün" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igihali" title="Igihali – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Igihali" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinko" title="Vinko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vinko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86_%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="پیچ تلگرافی (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیچ تلگرافی (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervenche" title="Pervenche – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pervenche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaa_ny_feoghaig" title="Blaa ny feoghaig – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Blaa ny feoghaig" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Կուսածաղիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուսածաղիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimzelen" title="Zimzelen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zimzelen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%94" title="וינקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וינקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="გველის სურო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გველის სურო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4rwik_(rosc%C3%ABna)" title="Bôrwik (roscëna) – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bôrwik (roscëna)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BF" title="Қабыршөп – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қабыршөп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapmirtes" title="Kapmirtes – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kapmirtes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiem%C4%97" title="Žiemė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žiemė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%A9ng" title="Meténg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meténg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%95" title="വിൻക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൻക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87" title="عناقيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عناقيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maagdenpalm" title="Maagdenpalm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maagdenpalm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravmyrtslekta" title="Gravmyrtslekta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gravmyrtslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barwinek_(ro%C5%9Blina)" title="Barwinek (roślina) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barwinek (roślina)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Барвинок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Барвинок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruvinca" title="Pruvinca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pruvinca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talviot" title="Talviot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Talviot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintergr%C3%B6nesl%C3%A4ktet" title="Vintergrönesläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vintergrönesläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Барвинок (үсемлек) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Барвинок (үсемлек)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezayir_menek%C5%9Fesi" title="Cezayir menekşesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cezayir menekşesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4)" title="Барвінок (рід) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Барвінок (рід)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_D%E1%BB%ABa_c%E1%BA%A1n_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Chi Dừa cạn châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Dừa cạn châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintche" title="Vintche – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vintche" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vinca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%93%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E8%8A%B1%E5%B1%9E" title="蔓长春花属 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蔓长春花属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Барвенок – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Барвенок" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q220925#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vinca_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vinca (disambiguation)">Vinca (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Vinca</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinca_major_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Vinca_major_closeup.jpg/220px-Vinca_major_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Vinca_major_closeup.jpg/330px-Vinca_major_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Vinca_major_closeup.jpg/440px-Vinca_major_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_minor" title="Vinca minor">Vinca minor</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Vinca" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rauvolfioideae" title="Rauvolfioideae">Rauvolfioideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinceae">Vinceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subtribe: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vincinae</a><br /><small>M.E.Endress</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Vinca</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a> 1753</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-u_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Pervinca</i> <small>Mill.</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Vinca</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i>vincire</i> "to bind, fetter") is a genus of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a>, native to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, northwest <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and southwest <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English name <b>periwinkle</b> is shared with the related genus <i><a href="/wiki/Catharanthus" title="Catharanthus">Catharanthus</a></i> (and also with the common seashore <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">mollusc</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Common_periwinkle" title="Common periwinkle">Littorina littorea</a></i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinca-difformis-20090309-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vinca-difformis-20090309-1.jpg/220px-Vinca-difformis-20090309-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vinca-difformis-20090309-1.jpg/330px-Vinca-difformis-20090309-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vinca-difformis-20090309-1.jpg/440px-Vinca-difformis-20090309-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_difformis" title="Vinca difformis">Vinca difformis</a></i> in habitat, Cáceres, Spain</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Vinca</i> plants are <a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">subshrubs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a>, and have slender trailing stems 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) long but not growing more than 20–70 cm (8–27.5 in) above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely. The <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</a> are opposite, simple broad lanceolate to ovate, 1–9 cm (0.5–3.5 in) long and 0.5–6 cm (0.20–2.36 in) broad; they are <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> in four species, but <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> in the herbaceous <i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_herbacea" title="Vinca herbacea">V. herbacea</a></i>, which dies back to the root system in winter.<sup id="cite_ref-Blamey_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blamey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huxley_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huxley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a>, produced through most of the growing season, are salverform (like those of <i><a href="/wiki/Phlox" title="Phlox">Phlox</a></i>), simple, 2.5–7 cm (0.98–2.76 in) broad, with five usually violet (occasionally white) petals joined together at the base to form a tube. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> consists of a pair of divergent <a href="/wiki/Follicle_(fruit)" title="Follicle (fruit)">follicles</a>; the dry fruit <a href="/wiki/Dehiscent" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehiscent">dehisces</a> along one rupture site to release seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Blamey_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blamey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huxley_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huxley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gardens">Gardens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two of the species, <i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_major" title="Vinca major">Vinca major</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_minor" title="Vinca minor">Vinca minor</a></i>, are extensively cultivated as a flowering evergreen <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plant</a>. Because the plants are low and spread quickly, they are often used as <a href="/wiki/Groundcover" title="Groundcover">groundcover</a> in <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">garden</a> landscapes and <a href="/wiki/Container_garden" title="Container garden">container gardens</a>. They are also traditionally used in older cemeteries as an evergreen maintenance-free ground cover.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> are available, with different plant, leaf, and flower colors, sizes, and habits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasive_plant_species">Invasive plant species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Invasive plant species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Although attractive, both <i>Vinca major</i> and <i>Vinca minor</i> may be <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> in some regions where they are <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a> because the rapid spreading chokes out <a href="/wiki/Native_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Native plant">native plant</a> species and alters <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a>. Areas affected include parts of Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, especially coastal <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinca_spreading_along_a_border.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vinca_spreading_along_a_border.jpg/220px-Vinca_spreading_along_a_border.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vinca_spreading_along_a_border.jpg/330px-Vinca_spreading_along_a_border.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vinca_spreading_along_a_border.jpg/440px-Vinca_spreading_along_a_border.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><i>Vinca</i> plants spreading along a border</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicinal_use">Medicinal use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medicinal use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vinca_alkaloids" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinca alkaloids">vinca alkaloids</a> include at least 86 <a href="/wiki/Alkaloids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaloids">alkaloids</a> extracted from plants in the genus <i>Vinca</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pharmacognosy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pharmacognosy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> agent <a href="/wiki/Vincristine" title="Vincristine">vincristine</a> is extracted from a closely related species, <i><a href="/wiki/Catharanthus_roseus" title="Catharanthus roseus">Catharanthus roseus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-TopicsCurrentChem_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TopicsCurrentChem-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoleculesReview_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoleculesReview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is used to treat some <a href="/wiki/Leukemias" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukemias">leukemias</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lymphomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphomas">lymphomas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and childhood cancers,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as several other types of cancer and some non-cancerous conditions. <a href="/wiki/Vinblastine" title="Vinblastine">Vinblastine</a> is a chemical analogue of <a href="/wiki/Vincristine" title="Vincristine">vincristine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pharmacognosy_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pharmacognosy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoleculesReview_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoleculesReview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also used to treat various forms of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dimeric alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine are produced by the coupling the smaller indole alkaloids <a href="/wiki/Vindoline" title="Vindoline">vindoline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catharanthine" title="Catharanthine">catharanthine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pharmacognosy_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pharmacognosy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Nootropic" title="Nootropic">nootropic</a> agent <a href="/wiki/Vincamine" title="Vincamine">vincamine</a> is derived from <i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_minor" title="Vinca minor">Vinca minor</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Vinorelbine" title="Vinorelbine">Vinorelbine</a>, a newer <a href="/wiki/Semisynthesis" title="Semisynthesis">semi-synthetic</a> chemotherapeutic agent, is used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Non-small-cell_lung_cancer" title="Non-small-cell lung cancer">non-small-cell lung cancer</a><sup id="cite_ref-MoleculesReview_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoleculesReview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is prepared either from the <a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">natural products</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leurosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leurosine (page does not exist)">leurosine</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Catharanthine" title="Catharanthine">catharanthine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vindoline" title="Vindoline">vindoline</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MoleculesReview_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoleculesReview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anhydro2vinorelbine_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anhydro2vinorelbine-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in both cases by first preparing <a href="/wiki/Anhydrovinblastine" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhydrovinblastine">anhydrovinblastine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TopicsCurrentChem_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TopicsCurrentChem-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoleculesReview_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoleculesReview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anhydro2vinorelbine_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anhydro2vinorelbine-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accepted species:<sup id="cite_ref-u_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_difformis" title="Vinca difformis">Vinca difformis</a></i> <small>Pourr.</small> – Azores, western and central Mediterranean</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_erecta" title="Vinca erecta">Vinca erecta</a></i> <small>Regel & Schmalh.</small> – Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_herbacea" title="Vinca herbacea">Vinca herbacea</a></i> <small>Waldst. & Kit.</small> – central, eastern and southeastern Europe; Middle East</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_ispartensis" title="Vinca ispartensis">Vinca ispartensis</a></i> <small>Koyuncu & Ekşi</small> – Turkey<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_major" title="Vinca major">Vinca major</a></i> <small>L.</small> – southern Europe, Turkey, Syria, Caucasus; introduced to and established in New Zealand, California, British Isles, central Europe, Ukraine, North Africa, south China, Canary Islands, Madeira, North America,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Costa Rica, Guatemala</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca_minor" title="Vinca minor">Vinca minor</a></i> <small>L.</small> – central and southeastern Europe, Ukraine, Caucasus; introduced to and established in British Isles, Scandinavia, Portugal, Turkey, south China, North America,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca_soneri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinca soneri (page does not exist)">Vinca soneri</a></i> <small>Koyuncu</small> – Turkey</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-u-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-u_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-u_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=213142">"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Checklist+of+Selected+Plant+Families&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.kew.org%2Fwcsp%2Fsynonomy.do%3Fname_id%3D213142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stearn, W. T. (1983). <i>Botanical Latin</i> ed. 3. David & Charles <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-8548-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-8548-8">0-7153-8548-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Vinca&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=">Flora Europaea: <i>Vinca</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309181407/http://ww2.bgbm.org/_EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=2523&PTRefFk=500000">"EuroMed Plantbase Project: <i>Vinca</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.bgbm.org/_EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=2523&PTRefFk=500000">the original</a> on 2012-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EuroMed+Plantbase+Project%3A+Vinca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2.bgbm.org%2F_EuroPlusMed%2FPTaxonDetail.asp%3FNameId%3D2523%26PTRefFk%3D500000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=134598">Flora of Pakistan: <i>Vinca</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/floraspecie.php?genere=Vinca">Altervista Flora Italiana, genere <i>Vinca</i></a> included photos plus European distribution maps</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blamey-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blamey_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blamey_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). <i>Flora of Britain and Northern Europe</i>. Hodder & Stoughton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huxley-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huxley_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huxley_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huxley, A., ed. (1992). <i>New RHS Dictionary of Gardening</i> 4: 664-665. Macmillan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mdcpmbs/periwinkle.html">"Periwinkle"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hasbrouck.asu.edu&rft.atitle=Neotropical+Plant+Portal+Research+Checklist%3A+Peru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhasbrouck.asu.edu%2Fneotrop%2Fplantae%2Fchecklists%2Fchecklist.php%3Fclid%3D400%26pid%3D16%26dynclid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=VIMI2">"Plants Profile for Vinca minor (common periwinkle)"</a>. <i>plants.usda.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=plants.usda.gov&rft.atitle=Plants+Profile+for+Vinca+minor+%28common+periwinkle%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.usda.gov%2Fcore%2Fprofile%3Fsymbol%3DVIMI2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVinca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Vinca</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220925" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q220925">Q220925</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vinca" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Vinca">Vinca</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/195847">195847</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/83261">83261</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/647MT">647MT</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Vinca">Vinca</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/71433">71433</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1VING">1VING</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21937">21937</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134598">134598</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Vinca">Vinca</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=134598">134598</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3169706">3169706</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=12716">12716</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/53327">53327</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/2619-1">2619-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1289462">1289462</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=30235">30235</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000464870">NHMSYS0000464870</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=60092">60092</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/e0eada14-5398-4815-8488-5d2e61591561">e0eada14-5398-4815-8488-5d2e61591561</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=142099">142099</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/VINCA">VINCA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A2619-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2619-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40024390">40024390</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1821">1821</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/d2262d55-7800-4d47-a13f-711533198f3b">d2262d55-7800-4d47-a13f-711533198f3b</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000040296">wfo-4000040296</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Vincinae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18983665" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q18983665">Q18983665</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vincinae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Vincinae">Vincinae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/632394">632394</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/77138107-1">77138107-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1498434">1498434</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=5518236">5518236</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control 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