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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tupolev</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew" title="Tupolew – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tupolew" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81" title="توبوليف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توبوليف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev" title="Túpolev – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Túpolev" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="توپولف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توپولف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%91_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="КБ Туполев – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="КБ Туполев" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev" title="Túpolev – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Túpolev" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew" title="Tupolew – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tupolew" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev" title="Túpolev – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Túpolev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="توپولف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توپولف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%ED%8F%B4%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84" title="투폴레프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투폴레프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91" title="טופולב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טופולב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ტუპოლევის საპროექტო ბიურო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუპოლევის საპროექტო ბიურო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%91" title="Туполев КБ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туполев КБ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5" title="तुपोलेव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुपोलेव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toepolev" title="Toepolev – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toepolev" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%83%95" title="ツポレフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツポレフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew" title="Tupolew – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tupolew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Туполев (конструкторское бюро) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туполев (конструкторское бюро)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_(podnik)" title="Tupolev (podnik) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tupolev (podnik)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Тупољев – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тупољев" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F" title="ตูโปเลฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตูโปเลฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%94%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Туполєв (конструкторське бюро) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туполєв (конструкторське бюро)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81" title="توپولیف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توپولیف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tupolev%22">"Tupolev"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tupolev%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tupolev%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tupolev%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tupolev%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tupolev%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">UAC Tupolev</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UAC_Tupolev_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/UAC_Tupolev_logo.svg/200px-UAC_Tupolev_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/UAC_Tupolev_logo.svg/300px-UAC_Tupolev_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/UAC_Tupolev_logo.svg/400px-UAC_Tupolev_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/200px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/300px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/400px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tupolev Headquarters at the shore of the <a href="/wiki/Yauza_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Yauza river">Yauza river</a> in Moscow</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Russian: «ОАК Туполев» Конструкторское бюро</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Aerospace manufacturer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Defense</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">22 October 1922<span class="noprint">; 102 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1922-10-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev" title="Andrei Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">merged into <a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">Academician Tupolev Embankment 17, <a href="/wiki/Basmanny_District" title="Basmanny District">Basmanny District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Administrative_Okrug" title="Central Administrative Okrug">Central Administrative Okrug</a>, Moscow</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Russia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Ronis Sharipov, director general</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Commercial airliners</li><li>Military aircraft</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$437 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$37.4 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−$1.78 million<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">$3.01 billion<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.36 billion<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3524 <small>(2011)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tupolev.ru/en/">tupolev<wbr />.ru<wbr />/en<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tupolev</b> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Туполев</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈtupəlʲɪf]</a></span>), officially <b>United Aircraft Company Tupolev - Public Joint Stock Company</b>, is a Russian <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">defence</a> company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Basmanny_District" title="Basmanny District">Basmanny District</a>, Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UAC Tupolev is successor to the Soviet <b>Tupolev Design Bureau</b> (<a href="/wiki/OKB" title="OKB">OKB</a>-156, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_military_aircraft_designation_systems#Soviet_system_after_December_9.2C_1940" title="Soviet Union military aircraft designation systems">design office prefix</a> <i>Tu</i>) founded in 1922 by aerospace pioneer and engineer <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev" title="Andrei Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a>, who led the company for 50 years until his death in 1972. Tupolev designed over 100 models of civilian and military aircraft and produced more than 18,000 aircraft for Russia, the Soviet Union and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> since its founding, and celebrated its 100th anniversary on 22 October 2022. Tupolev is involved in numerous aerospace and defence sectors including development, manufacturing, and overhaul for both civil and military aerospace products such as aircraft and weapons systems, and also <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_aviation" title="Naval aviation">naval aviation</a> technologies. </p><p>In 2006, Tupolev became a <a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a> in a merger with <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan" title="Mikoyan">Mikoyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin" title="Ilyushin">Ilyushin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irkut_(aircraft_manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irkut (aircraft manufacturer)">Irkut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi" title="Sukhoi">Sukhoi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yakovlev" title="Yakovlev">Yakovlev</a> by decree of the Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_united_aircraft_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_united_aircraft-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_USSR">In the USSR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the USSR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tupolev OKB was founded by <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev" title="Andrei Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a> in 1922. Its facilities are tailored for <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a> research and aircraft design only, manufacturing is handled by other firms. It researched all-metal <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplanes</a> during the 1920s, based directly on the pioneering work already done by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Junkers" title="Hugo Junkers">Hugo Junkers</a> during World War I. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ANT-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ANT-20.jpg/220px-ANT-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ANT-20.jpg/330px-ANT-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/ANT-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">Tupolev ANT-20 Maxim Gorky</a>, the largest airplane of the 1930s, was used for <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Bomber_Line-up_%E2%80%93_Monino_27-8-2017_(24657726467).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Soviet_Bomber_Line-up_%E2%80%93_Monino_27-8-2017_%2824657726467%29.jpg/220px-Soviet_Bomber_Line-up_%E2%80%93_Monino_27-8-2017_%2824657726467%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Soviet_Bomber_Line-up_%E2%80%93_Monino_27-8-2017_%2824657726467%29.jpg/330px-Soviet_Bomber_Line-up_%E2%80%93_Monino_27-8-2017_%2824657726467%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Soviet_Bomber_Line-up_%E2%80%93_Monino_27-8-2017_%2824657726467%29.jpg/440px-Soviet_Bomber_Line-up_%E2%80%93_Monino_27-8-2017_%2824657726467%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5046" data-file-height="3364" /></a><figcaption>Multiple generations of Cold War era Tupolev bombers at <a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Force_Museum" title="Central Air Force Museum">Central Air Force Museum</a>, from Tu-4 to Tu-22M</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96.png/350px-%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96.png/525px-%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96.png/700px-%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tu-95" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-95">Tu-95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu-22" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-22">Tu-22</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu-22M" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-22M">Tu-22M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu-160" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-160">Tu-160</a> bombers at <a href="/wiki/Poltava_Museum_of_Long-Range_and_Strategic_Aviation" title="Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation">Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Among the notable results during Tupolev's early period were two significant all-metal heavy bombers with corrugated duralumin skins, the ANT-4 twin-engined bomber which first flew in 1925 and the four-engined ANT-6 of 1932, from which such airplanes as the ANT-20 were derived (see Yefim Gordon & Vladimir Rigmant, OKB Tupolev. Hinckley, UK: Midland, 2005. pp. 22–28 & 30–34). Tupolev's design approach in these two airplanes defined for many years the trends of heavy aircraft development, civil and military. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the twin-engined, all-metal <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-2</a> was one of the best front-line bombers of the Soviets. Several variants of it were produced in large numbers from 1942. During the war it used wooden rear fuselages due to a shortage of metal. </p><p>This was succeeded by the development of the jet-powered <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16</a> bomber, which used a sweptback wing for good subsonic performance. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojets</a> were not fuel efficient enough to provide truly <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">intercontinental</a> range, the Soviets elected to design a new bomber, the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-20</a>, more commonly referred to as the Tu-95. It, too, was based on the fuselage and structural design of the Tu-4, but with four colossal <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-12" title="Kuznetsov NK-12">Kuznetsov NK-12</a> <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> engines providing a unique combination of jet-like speed and long range. It became the definitive Soviet intercontinental bomber, with intercontinental range and jet-like performance. In many respects the Soviet equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a>, it served as a <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bomber</a> and in many alternate roles, including <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSA_Tu-104A_OK-LDC_ARN_May_1971.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/CSA_Tu-104A_OK-LDC_ARN_May_1971.png/220px-CSA_Tu-104A_OK-LDC_ARN_May_1971.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/CSA_Tu-104A_OK-LDC_ARN_May_1971.png/330px-CSA_Tu-104A_OK-LDC_ARN_May_1971.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/CSA_Tu-104A_OK-LDC_ARN_May_1971.png/440px-CSA_Tu-104A_OK-LDC_ARN_May_1971.png 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a>, the first Soviet <a href="/wiki/Jet_airliner" title="Jet airliner">jet airliner</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tu-16 was developed into the civil <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a>. The Tu-95 became the basis of the unique <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114</a> medium-to-long-range airliner, the fastest turboprop aircraft ever. One common feature found in many large subsonic Tupolev jet aircraft is large pods extending rearward from the <a href="/wiki/Trailing_edge" title="Trailing edge">trailing edge</a> of the wings, holding the aircraft's <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a>. These allow the aircraft to have landing gears made up of many large low-pressure <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a>, which are invaluable for use on the poor quality <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runways</a> that were common in the Soviet Union at the time. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a> airliner, the Soviet equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>, has 14 tyres, the same number as Boeing's far larger <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">777-200</a>. </p><p>Even before the first flights of the Tu-16 and Tu-20/Tu-95, Tupolev was working on supersonic bombers, culminating in the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-98" title="Tupolev Tu-98">Tu-98</a>. Although that aircraft never entered service, it became the basis for the prototype <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-102</a> (later developed into the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-28</a> <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptor</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-105</a>, which evolved into the supersonic <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-22</a> bomber in the mid-1960s. Intended as a counterpart to the <a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">Convair B-58 Hustler</a>, the Tu-22 proved rather less capable, although it remained in service much longer than the American aircraft. Meanwhile, the "K" Department was formed in the Design Bureau, with the task of designing unmanned aircraft such as the Tu-139 and the Tu-143 unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tu-144.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tu-144.jpg/220px-Tu-144.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tu-144.jpg/330px-Tu-144.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tu-144.jpg/440px-Tu-144.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="201" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a> supersonic airliner</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s A. N. Tupolev's son, <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Tupolev" title="Aleksey Tupolev">A. A. Tupolev</a>, became active with management of the agency. His role included the development of the world's first supersonic airliner, the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a>, the popular <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a> airliner and the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tupolev Tu-22M</a> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bomber</a>. All these developments enabled the Soviet Union to achieve strategic military and civil aviation parity with the West. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a> proved a disappointment, with <a href="/wiki/1973_Paris_Air_Show_Tu-144_crash" title="1973 Paris Air Show Tu-144 crash">crashes in 1973</a> and <a href="/wiki/1978_Yegoryevsk_Tu-144_crash" title="1978 Yegoryevsk Tu-144 crash">1978</a> resulting in its withdrawal as a passenger aircraft in 1978. </p><p>In the 1970s, Tupolev concentrated its efforts on improving the performance of the Tu-22M bombers, whose variants included maritime versions. It is the presence of these bombers in quantity that brought about the <a href="/wiki/SALT_I" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT I">SALT I</a> and <a href="/wiki/SALT_II" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT II">SALT II</a> treaties. Also the efficiency and performance of the Tu-154 was improved, culminating in the efficient Tu-154M. </p><p>In the 1980s the design bureau developed the supersonic <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a> strategic bomber. Features include <a href="/wiki/Variable-geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable-geometry">variable-geometry</a> wings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Soviet_Era">Post-Soviet Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-Soviet Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RA-64020,RED_WINGS_(2931401143).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/RA-64020%2CRED_WINGS_%282931401143%29.jpg/220px-RA-64020%2CRED_WINGS_%282931401143%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/RA-64020%2CRED_WINGS_%282931401143%29.jpg/330px-RA-64020%2CRED_WINGS_%282931401143%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/RA-64020%2CRED_WINGS_%282931401143%29.jpg/440px-RA-64020%2CRED_WINGS_%282931401143%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3035" data-file-height="2165" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tupolev Tu-204</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, research work was concentrated on subsonic civil aircraft, mainly on operating economics and alternative fuels. The developments include <a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire</a>, use of efficient high-bypass <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofans</a> and advanced aerodynamic layouts for the 21st century transport aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-204</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-214" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-214">Tu-214</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-330</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a>. </p><p>Among Tupolev projects from the 1990s to the 2000s: </p> <ul><li>further development of Tu-204/214 and TU-334 aircraft family</li> <li>development of cargo aircraft Tu-330, regional and executive Tu-324 aircraft</li> <li>research on practical aspects of aircraft operation using alternative fuels</li> <li>modernization of Russian Naval Aviation and Air Force</li></ul> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/MAKS_Air_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="MAKS Air Show">MAKS-2003</a> airshow, Tupolev revealed the Tu-444 <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_business_jet" title="Supersonic business jet">supersonic business jet</a> concept;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> development was intended to start in the first half of 2004,.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there has not been any updates on the development, leading to belief that the development may be in question. </p><p>In early 2023 United Aircraft Corporation confirmed it would get Tupolev to produce 20 aircraft a year of the TU-214 variant and to develop a freighter version to meet Russia's needs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev" title="Andrei Tupolev">Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev</a> was a leading designer at the Moscow-based Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute (<a href="/wiki/TsAGI" class="mw-redirect" title="TsAGI">TsAGI</a>) from 1929 until his death in 1972. This design bureau produced mostly <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bombers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliners</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Tupolev" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Tupolev">Alexei Andreyevich Tupolev</a>, son of Andrei Tupolev, was also a famous aircraft designer. His most famous design was the supersonic airliner <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tupolev Tu-144</a>. He managed Tupolev until his death in 2001.</li> <li>Igor Sergeevich Shevchuk was named the<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Director of OAO Tupolev in 1997, later the Chairman of the Board of Directors, and in 2001 the President and General Designer. He died unexpectedly in 2011.</li> <li>Alexandr Vladimirovich Koniukhov was a director general in 2016–2020.</li> <li>Ronis Nakipovich Sharipov appointed a director general in May 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vadim Vladimirovich Korolev is a managing director since 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In September 2021, <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Tatarstan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Tatarstan">President of Tatarstan</a> was elected chairman of the board of directors of Tupolev.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The staff of the Design Bureau has been awarded high state awards and commendations: </p> <ul><li>1927 — <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour" title="Order of the Red Banner of Labour">Order of the Red Banner of Labour</a> of the RSFSR for work in the field of aerodynamics, achievements in the construction of aerial sleds, wind power plants, gliders, for testing aviation materials, building combat and passenger metal aircraft: 35 hp for a 100 hp engine, a 420 hp Scout type, a bomb carrier a special task.</li> <li>1927 — <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour" title="Order of the Red Banner of Labour">Order of the Red Banner of Labour</a> for the organization of mass production of metal combat vehicles for the air fleet. For serious scientific research and success on the economic front.</li> <li>1933 — <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner" title="Order of the Red Banner">Order of the Red Banner</a> for exceptional technical achievements, good organization of scientific research in the field of aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, strength of aircraft structures, for the creation and introduction into mass production at USSR factories of a number of new types of special passenger metal aircraft, which contributed to strengthening the technical power of the USSR and the country's defense capability.</li> <li>1947 — <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lenin" title="Order of Lenin">Order of Lenin</a> for outstanding achievements in the development of domestic aviation, in connection with the twenty-fifth anniversary of its existence.</li> <li>1971 — <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_October_Revolution" title="Order of the October Revolution">Order of the October Revolution</a> for the successful implementation of the five-year plan and the organization of production of new equipment.</li> <li>1972 — <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lenin" title="Order of Lenin">Order of Lenin</a> for great achievements in the creation of aviation technology and the training of design personnel in aircraft construction.</li></ul> <p>In 2007 and 2012 for their great contribution to the development of the aviation industry, the staff of JSC Tupolev was awarded the Gratitude of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a>. </p><p>On April 18, 2018 the staff of PJSC Tupolev received the gratitude of the President of Russia for their great contribution to the development of the aviation industry and the successes achieved in their work. The high award was presented to Alexander Konyukhov, CEO of PJSC Tupolev, by Arkady Dvorkovich, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The ceremony of awarding state and departmental awards took place during an expanded meeting of the Board of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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Bureau</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-wikidata-ceb9de65fe6eb1fb2cea3023c514712d3240695b-v18_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-disclosure.ru/portal/files.aspx?id=11474&type=3">"Интерфакс – Сервер раскрытия информации"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81+%E2%80%93+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-disclosure.ru%2Fportal%2Ffiles.aspx%3Fid%3D11474%26type%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=31">Contacts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826152227/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=31">Archived</a> 2011-08-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/images/Pictures/map.gif">Direct map image link</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927235247/http://www.tupolev.ru/images/Pictures/map.gif">Archived</a> 2011-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) Tupolev. Retrieved on 8 December 2010. "Address in Moscow: Russia, Moscow, Academician Tupolev Embankment 17 " <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/Russian/Show.asp?SectionID=31">Address in Russian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826152332/http://www.tupolev.ru/Russian/Show.asp?SectionID=31">Archived</a> 2011-08-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "105005 г. Москва Набережная Академика Туполева д.17"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt_united_aircraft-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_united_aircraft_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22air.html?_r=1&oref=login">Russian Aircraft Industry Seeks Revival Through Merger</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</i> February 22, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrimble2015" class="citation web cs1">Trimble, Stephen (21 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/almost-great-nine-legendary-but-cancelled-russian-415954/">"ALMOST GREAT: Nine legendary (but cancelled) Russian aircraft"</a>. <i>FlightGlobal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FlightGlobal&rft.atitle=ALMOST+GREAT%3A+Nine+legendary+%28but+cancelled%29+Russian+aircraft&rft.date=2015-08-21&rft.aulast=Trimble&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Falmost-great-nine-legendary-but-cancelled-russian-415954%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJackson2006" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Paul (2006). <i>Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2005-2006</i>. London: Jane's Information Group. p. 459. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0710626844" title="Special:BookSources/978-0710626844"><bdi>978-0710626844</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+All+the+World%27s+Aircraft+2005-2006&rft.place=London&rft.pages=459&rft.pub=Jane%27s+Information+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0710626844&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aeroflap.com.br/en/russia-confirms-it-will-produce-20-tupolev-tu-214-aircraft-per-year-and-new-cargo-version/">"Russia confirms it will produce 20 Tupolev Tu-214 aircraft per year and new freighter version"</a>. 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+confirms+it+will+produce+20+Tupolev+Tu-214+aircraft+per+year+and+new+freighter+version&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeroflap.com.br%2Fen%2Frussia-confirms-it-will-produce-20-tupolev-tu-214-aircraft-per-year-and-new-cargo-version%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tupolev.ru/generalnyie_konstruktoryi/i._s._shevchuk">"Tupolev.ru"</a>. <i>Tupolev.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tupolev.ru&rft.atitle=Tupolev.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftupolev.ru%2Fgeneralnyie_konstruktoryi%2Fi._s._shevchuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKommersant2020" class="citation web cs1">Kommersant (4 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kxan36news.com/ronis-sharipov-headed-the-jsc-tupolev">"Ronis Sharipov headed the JSC "Tupolev"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ronis+Sharipov+headed+the+JSC+%22Tupolev%22&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.au=Kommersant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kxan36news.com%2Fronis-sharipov-headed-the-jsc-tupolev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/about/">"О компании"</a> [About the Company]. <i>Tupolev</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tupolev&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tupolev.ru%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uacrussia.ru/ru/press-center/news/upravlyayushchim-direktorom-tupoleva-naznachen-vadim-korolev"><bdi lang="ru">Управляющим директором «Туполева» назначен Вадим Королев</bdi></a>. <i>UAC Russia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725102024/https://uacrussia.ru/ru/press-center/news/upravlyayushchim-direktorom-tupoleva-naznachen-vadim-korolev">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UAC+Russia&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%C2%BB+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuacrussia.ru%2Fru%2Fpress-center%2Fnews%2Fupravlyayushchim-direktorom-tupoleva-naznachen-vadim-korolev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interfax.ru/business/791730">"Президент Татарстана возглавил совет директоров Туполева"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Интерфакс">Интерфакс</a>. 2021-09-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Fbusiness%2F791730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading 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href="/wiki/Template:Tupolev_aircraft" title="Template:Tupolev aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tupolev_aircraft" title="Template talk:Tupolev aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tupolev_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tupolev aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tupolev_aircraft92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tupolev</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-116" title="Tupolev Tu-116">Tu-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tu-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-354</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-20/Tu-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M/Tu-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-28/Tu-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tu-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unmanned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-121" title="Tupolev Tu-121">Tu-121C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-123" title="Tupolev Tu-123">Tu-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-139" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-139">Tu-139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-130" title="Tupolev Tu-130">Tu-130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-131 (page does not exist)">Tu-131 SAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-141" title="Tupolev Tu-141">Tu-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143#Tu-243_variant" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143#Tu-300_variant" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-1" title="Tupolev Tu-1">Tu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">Tu-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-70" title="Tupolev Tu-70">Tu-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-72" title="Tupolev Tu-72">Tu-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-75" title="Tupolev Tu-75">Tu-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">Tu-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-80" title="Tupolev Tu-80">Tu-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">Tu-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">Tu-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-91" title="Tupolev Tu-91">Tu-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL" title="Tupolev Tu-95LAL">Tu-95LAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-96" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-96">Tu-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-98" title="Tupolev Tu-98">Tu-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-107" title="Tupolev Tu-107">Tu-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed,<br />cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-17" title="Tupolev ANT-17">ANT-17/TSh-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-7" title="Tupolev ANT-7">ANT-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-26/TB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-30" title="Tupolev ANT-30">ANT-30/SK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-53" title="Tupolev ANT-53">ANT-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-72" title="Tupolev Tu-72">Tu-72 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-72 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">'73'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-74" title="Tupolev Tu-74">'74'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">'78'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">'79'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">'86'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">'90'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">'93'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%27102%27" title="Tupolev '102'">'101'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%27102%27" title="Tupolev '102'">'102'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL" title="Tupolev Tu-95LAL">Tu-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-125" title="Tupolev Tu-125">Tu-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-135" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-135">Tu-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-216" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-216">Tu-216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-230&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-230 (page does not exist)">Tu-230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-244" title="Tupolev Tu-244">Tu-244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-300">Tu-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_Ecojet" title="Frigate Ecojet">Tu-304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-324" title="Tupolev Tu-324">Tu-324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-344" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-344">Tu-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-360" title="Tupolev Tu-360">Tu-360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-404" title="Tupolev Tu-404">Tu-404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-324" title="Tupolev Tu-324">Tu-414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-444" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-444">Tu-444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2000" title="Tupolev Tu-2000">Tu-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_Ecojet" title="Frigate Ecojet">Frigate Ecojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_PAK_DA" title="Tupolev PAK DA">PAK DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Voron" title="Tupolev Voron">Voron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-1" title="Tupolev ANT-1">ANT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-2" title="Tupolev ANT-2">ANT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-3" title="Tupolev ANT-3">ANT-3/R-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-1" title="Tupolev TB-1">ANT-4/TB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-4" title="Tupolev I-4">ANT-5/I-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-3" title="Tupolev TB-3">ANT-6/TB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-7" title="Tupolev ANT-7">ANT-7/R-6/KR-6/MR-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-8" title="Tupolev ANT-8">ANT-8/MDR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-9" title="Tupolev ANT-9">ANT-9/PS-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-10" title="Tupolev ANT-10">ANT-10/R-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-11 (page does not exist)">ANT-11/MTBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">ANT-12/I-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-8" title="Tupolev I-8">ANT-13/I-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-14" title="Tupolev ANT-14">ANT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-16" title="Tupolev ANT-16">ANT-16/TB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">ANT-20/PS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-21" title="Tupolev ANT-21">ANT-21/MI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-22" title="Tupolev ANT-22">ANT-22/MK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-12" title="Tupolev I-12">ANT-23/I-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25/RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-1" title="Tupolev MTB-1">ANT-27/MDR-4/MTB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-29" title="Tupolev ANT-29">ANT-29/DIP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-14" title="Tupolev I-14">ANT-31/I-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-35" title="Tupolev ANT-35">ANT-35/PS-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_DB-1" title="Tupolev DB-1">ANT-36/DB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-37" title="Tupolev ANT-37">ANT-37/DB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-40/SB/PS-40/PS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-41" title="Tupolev ANT-41">ANT-41/T-1/LK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-8" title="Petlyakov Pe-8">ANT-42/TB-7/Pe-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-43" title="Tupolev ANT-43">ANT-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-2" title="Tupolev MTB-2">ANT-44/MTB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-46/DI-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-2" title="Sukhoi Su-2">ANT-51/BB-1/Su-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">ANT-58/FB/Tu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Aircraft_Corporation81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Template:United Aircraft Corporation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Template talk:United Aircraft Corporation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Aircraft Corporation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Aircraft_Corporation81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviastar-SP" title="Aviastar-SP">Aviastar-SP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev" title="Beriev">Beriev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin" title="Ilyushin">Ilyushin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irkut_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Irkut Corporation">Irkut Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Aviation_Plant" title="Irkutsk Aviation Plant">Irkutsk Aviation Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev" title="Yakovlev">Yakovlev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan" title="Mikoyan">Mikoyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sokol_Aircraft_Plant" title="Sokol Aircraft Plant">Sokol Aircraft Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myasishchev" title="Myasishchev">Myasishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi" title="Sukhoi">Sukhoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolsk-on-Amur_Aircraft_Plant" title="Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant">KnAAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Aircraft_Production_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association">NAPO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tupolev</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_Aircraft_Production_Association" title="Kazan Aircraft Production Association">KAPO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Aircraft_Production_Association" title="Voronezh Aircraft Production Association">VASO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Material providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AeroComposit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AeroComposit (page does not exist)">AeroComposit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AeroComposit-Ulyanovsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AeroComposit-Ulyanovsk (page does not exist)">AeroComposit-Ulyanovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KAPO-Composit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KAPO-Composit (page does not exist)">KAPO-Composit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutilrole_Transport_Aircraft_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutilrole Transport Aircraft Limited">MTAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperJet_International" title="SuperJet International">SuperJet International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gromov_Flight_Research_Institute" title="Gromov Flight Research Institute">Gromov Flight Research Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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