CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tupolev - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )idwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Maret","April","Mei","Juni","Juli","Agustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"be8b2341-f3a8-4306-bb41-dde5a4a5879a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tupolev","wgTitle":"Tupolev","wgCurRevisionId":25698439,"wgRevisionId":25698439,"wgArticleId":218667,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)","Artikel mengandung aksara Rusia","Pranala kategori Commons dari Wikidata","Pesawat terbang Tupolev","Tupolev","Perusahaan dirgantara","Perusahaan yang berpusat di Moskow","Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1922"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"id","wgPageContentLanguage":"id","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tupolev","wgRelevantArticleId":218667,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"id","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"id"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q194009","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar", "ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Bagikan","ext.gadget.CurIDLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/1200px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/800px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/640px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tupolev - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (id)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Umpan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tupolev rootpage-Tupolev skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tupolev" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tupolev" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tupolev" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tupolev" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pesawat_Tupolev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_Tupolev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pesawat Tupolev</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pesawat_Tupolev-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pesawat Tupolev</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_Tupolev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pesawat_berpiston" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_berpiston"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pesawat berpiston</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_berpiston-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesawat_eksperimental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_eksperimental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pesawat eksperimental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_eksperimental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesawat_militer_dan_pesawat_pengebom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_militer_dan_pesawat_pengebom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pesawat militer dan pesawat pengebom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_militer_dan_pesawat_pengebom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesawat_pencegat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_pencegat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Pesawat pencegat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_pencegat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesawat_komersial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_komersial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pesawat komersial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_komersial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesawat_nirawak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_nirawak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Pesawat nirawak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_nirawak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesawat_yang_direncanakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesawat_yang_direncanakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Pesawat yang direncanakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesawat_yang_direncanakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tupolev</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 53 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew" title="Tupolew – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tupolew" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81" title="توبوليف – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توبوليف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev" title="Túpolev – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Túpolev" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="توپولف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توپولف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%91_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="КБ Туполев – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="КБ Туполев" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev" title="Túpolev – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Túpolev" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew" title="Tupolew – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tupolew" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev" title="Túpolev – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Túpolev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="توپولف – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توپولف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91" title="טופולב – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טופולב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%83%95" title="ツポレフ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツポレフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ტუპოლევის საპროექტო ბიურო – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუპოლევის საპროექტო ბიურო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%91" title="Туполев КБ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туполев КБ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%ED%8F%B4%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84" title="투폴레프 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투폴레프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5" title="तुपोलेव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुपोलेव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toepolev" title="Toepolev – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toepolev" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew" title="Tupolew – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tupolew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Туполев (конструкторское бюро) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туполев (конструкторское бюро)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_(podnik)" title="Tupolev (podnik) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tupolev (podnik)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev" title="Tupoljev – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tupoljev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Тупољев – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тупољев" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F" title="ตูโปเลฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตูโปเลฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%94%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Туполєв (конструкторське бюро) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туполєв (конструкторське бюро)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81" title="توپولیف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توپولیف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tupolev" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="图波列夫公司 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="图波列夫公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" title="圖波列夫 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="圖波列夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tupolev" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Tupolev" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tupolev"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tupolev"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Tupolev" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Tupolev" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&oldid=25698439" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Tupolev&id=25698439&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTupolev"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTupolev"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tupolev"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tupolev&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tupolev" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194009" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">JSC Tupolev</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tupolew_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tupolew_Logo.png/250px-Tupolew_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tupolew_Logo.png/375px-Tupolew_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tupolew_Logo.png/500px-Tupolew_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="2535" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/250px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/375px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg/500px-Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kantor pusat Tupolev di pinggir kota Moskow</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Nama asli</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Конструкторское бюро «Туполев»</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Jenis_entitas_bisnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenis entitas bisnis">Jenis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Divisi" class="mw-disambig" title="Divisi">Divisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Industri</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Produsen_kedirgantaraan" title="Produsen kedirgantaraan">Industri pesawat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Industri_pertahanan" title="Industri pertahanan">pertahanan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Nasib</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">bergabung menjadi <a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Didirikan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">22 Oktober 1922</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Pendiri</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Nikolayevich_Tupolev" title="Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Kantor pusat</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow">Moskow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Tokoh kunci</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.35em;">Ronis Sharipov <span style="font-size:85%;">(Direktur Jenderal)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Produk</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Pesawat komersial<br />Pesawat militer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Karyawan</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">3.524 (2011)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_induk" title="Perusahaan induk">Induk</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Situs web</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tupolev.ru/en/">tupolev.ru/en</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tupolev</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a>: <span lang="ru">Туполев</span>), secara resmi <b>Perusahaan Saham Gabungan Terbuka Tupolev</b>, adalah perusahaan <a href="/wiki/Dirgantara" title="Dirgantara">kedirgantaraan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Industri_pertahanan" title="Industri pertahanan">pertahanan</a> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> yang berkantor pusat di Distrik Basmanny, <a href="/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow">Moskow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tupolev adalah penerus <b>Biro Desain Tupolev Soviet</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=OKB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OKB (halaman belum tersedia)">OKB</a>-156, awalan kantor desain <i>Tu</i>) yang didirikan pada tahun 1922 oleh pionir dan insinyur dirgantara <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Nikolayevich_Tupolev" title="Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a>, yang memimpin perusahaan tersebut selama 50 tahun hingga kematiannya pada tahun 1972. Tupolev merancang lebih dari 100 model pesawat sipil dan militer serta memproduksi lebih dari 18.000 pesawat untuk Rusia, Uni Soviet, dan <a href="/wiki/Blok_Timur" title="Blok Timur">Blok Timur</a> sejak didirikan, dan merayakan hari jadinya yang ke-100 pada tanggal 22 Oktober 2022. Tupolev terlibat dalam berbagai sektor kedirgantaraan dan pertahanan termasuk pengembangan, manufaktur, dan perombakan baik untuk produk kedirgantaraan sipil maupun militer, seperti pesawat terbang dan sistem persenjataan, serta teknologi <a href="/wiki/Peluru_kendali" title="Peluru kendali">rudal</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penerbangan_angkatan_laut" title="Penerbangan angkatan laut">penerbangan angkatan laut</a>. </p><p>Pada tahun 2006, berdasarkan keputusan <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Rusia" title="Presiden Rusia">Presiden Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, Tupolev menjadi divisi dari <a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a> melalui <a href="/wiki/Merger" title="Merger">merger</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan" title="Mikoyan">Mikoyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin" title="Ilyushin">Ilyushin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irkut_Corporation" title="Irkut Corporation">Irkut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi" title="Sukhoi">Sukhoi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Yakovlev" title="Yakovlev">Yakovlev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pesawat_Tupolev">Pesawat Tupolev</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat Tupolev" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat Tupolev"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banyak desain sudah keluar dari biro desain. Mereka dalam seri produksi mungkin berjalan sampai 4500 seperti pada Tu-2. Namun banyak pula yang mati-berakhir atau eksperimental, hanya dengan satu salinan yang dihasilkan. Banyak varian eksperimental membuka jalan bagi versi produksi seri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesawat_berpiston">Pesawat berpiston</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat berpiston" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat berpiston"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tupolew_ANT-20_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tupolew_ANT-20_1935.jpg/220px-Tupolew_ANT-20_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tupolew_ANT-20_1935.jpg/330px-Tupolew_ANT-20_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tupolew_ANT-20_1935.jpg/440px-Tupolew_ANT-20_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">Tupolev ANT-20</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-1" title="Tupolev ANT-1">ANT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-2" title="Tupolev ANT-2">ANT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-3" title="Tupolev ANT-3">ANT-3/R-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-3_boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-3 boat (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-3 <i>Pervenets</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-1" title="Tupolev TB-1">ANT-4/TB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-4" title="Tupolev I-4">ANT-5/I-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-6 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-6/TB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-8" title="Tupolev ANT-8">ANT-8/MDR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-9" title="Tupolev ANT-9">ANT-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-10" title="Tupolev ANT-10">ANT-10/R-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-13 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-13/I-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-14" title="Tupolev ANT-14">ANT-14 <i>Pravda</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-16" title="Tupolev ANT-16">ANT-16/TB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">ANT-20 <i>Maxim Gorky</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-21" title="Tupolev ANT-21">ANT-21/MI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-22" title="Tupolev ANT-22">ANT-22/MK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-23 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-23/I-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-1" title="Tupolev MTB-1">ANT-27/MTB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-26/TB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-31 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-31/I-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-35" title="Tupolev ANT-35">ANT-35/PS-35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-40 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-40/SB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-2" title="Tupolev MTB-2">ANT-44/MTB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_DB-1" title="Tupolev DB-1">DB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-2 (ANT-58/ANT-61)</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-10 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-10</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesawat_eksperimental">Pesawat eksperimental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat eksperimental" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat eksperimental"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tu-98_b-side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tu-98_b-side.jpg/220px-Tu-98_b-side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tu-98_b-side.jpg/330px-Tu-98_b-side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tu-98_b-side.jpg/440px-Tu-98_b-side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-98" title="Tupolev Tu-98">Tupolev Tu-98</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tupolev_Tu-155_at_MAKS_Airshow_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tupolev_Tu-155_at_MAKS_Airshow_2015.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-155_at_MAKS_Airshow_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tupolev_Tu-155_at_MAKS_Airshow_2015.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-155_at_MAKS_Airshow_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tupolev_Tu-155_at_MAKS_Airshow_2015.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-155_at_MAKS_Airshow_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3466" data-file-height="2311" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tupolev Tu-155</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-1 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-6 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">Tu-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-70" title="Tupolev Tu-70">Tu-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-72</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-73 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-73</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-74 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-75" title="Tupolev Tu-75">Tu-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-80" title="Tupolev Tu-80">Tu-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">Tu-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">Tu-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-91" title="Tupolev Tu-91">Tu-91</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-93 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-93</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-96 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-98" title="Tupolev Tu-98">Tu-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-107" title="Tupolev Tu-107">Tu-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-116</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-119&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-119 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-125" title="Tupolev Tu-125">Tu-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-216</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesawat_militer_dan_pesawat_pengebom">Pesawat militer dan pesawat pengebom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat militer dan pesawat pengebom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat militer dan pesawat pengebom"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg/220px-Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg/330px-Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg/440px-Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tupolev Tu-160</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-20/Tu-95</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M/Tu-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tu-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesawat_pencegat">Pesawat pencegat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat pencegat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat pencegat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-28/Tu-128P</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesawat_komersial">Pesawat komersial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat komersial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat komersial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tupolev_TU-144_(6060104119).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tupolev_TU-144_%286060104119%29.jpg/220px-Tupolev_TU-144_%286060104119%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tupolev_TU-144_%286060104119%29.jpg/330px-Tupolev_TU-144_%286060104119%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tupolev_TU-144_%286060104119%29.jpg/440px-Tupolev_TU-144_%286060104119%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2266" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tupolev Tu-144</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rossiya.tu-154m.ra-85779.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Rossiya.tu-154m.ra-85779.arp.jpg/220px-Rossiya.tu-154m.ra-85779.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Rossiya.tu-154m.ra-85779.arp.jpg/330px-Rossiya.tu-154m.ra-85779.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Rossiya.tu-154m.ra-85779.arp.jpg/440px-Rossiya.tu-154m.ra-85779.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2151" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154M" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-154M">Tupolev Tu-154M</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tupolev_Tu-204-100_(RA-64047)_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tupolev_Tu-204-100_%28RA-64047%29_-_1.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-204-100_%28RA-64047%29_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tupolev_Tu-204-100_%28RA-64047%29_-_1.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-204-100_%28RA-64047%29_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tupolev_Tu-204-100_%28RA-64047%29_-_1.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-204-100_%28RA-64047%29_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tupolev Tu-204</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114 <i>Rossiya</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tu-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204#Tu-214" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-244" title="Tupolev Tu-244">Tu-244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-324" title="Tupolev Tu-324">Tu-324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-444" title="Tupolev Tu-444">Tu-444</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesawat_nirawak">Pesawat nirawak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat nirawak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat nirawak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-121" title="Tupolev Tu-121">Tu-121C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-123" title="Tupolev Tu-123">Tu-123 <i>Yastreb-1</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-123" title="Tupolev Tu-123">Tu-139 <i>Yastreb-2</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-141" title="Tupolev Tu-141">Tu-141 <i>Strizh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-143 <i>Reis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-243 <i>Reis-D</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-300</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesawat_yang_direncanakan">Pesawat yang direncanakan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pesawat yang direncanakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pesawat yang direncanakan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_PAK_DA" title="Tupolev PAK DA">PAK DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2000" title="Tupolev Tu-2000">Tu-2000</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826152227/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=31">"PSC «Tupolev» - Contacts"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 2011-08-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2024-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=PSC+%C2%ABTupolev%C2%BB+-+Contacts&rft.date=2011-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110826152227%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.tupolev.ru%2FEnglish%2FShow.asp%3FSectionID%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kramer, Andrew E. (2006-02-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/22/business/worldbusiness/russian-aircraft-industry-seeks-revival-through.html">"Russian Aircraft Industry Seeks Revival Through Merger"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2024-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Aircraft+Industry+Seeks+Revival+Through+Merger&rft.date=2006-02-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F02%2F22%2Fbusiness%2Fworldbusiness%2Frussian-aircraft-industry-seeks-revival-through.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tupolev" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tupolev"><span style="">Tupolev</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Rusia" lang="Rusia">(Rusia)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/">Situs web resmi Tupolev</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pesawat_terbang_Tupolev" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tupolev_aircraft" title="Templat:Tupolev aircraft"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tupolev_aircraft" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tupolev aircraft"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tupolev_aircraft&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pesawat_terbang_Tupolev" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pesawat terbang <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tupolev</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Daftar Pesawat <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tupolev</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tupolev_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/48/Tupolev_logo.png/100px-Tupolev_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/48/Tupolev_logo.png/150px-Tupolev_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/48/Tupolev_logo.png/200px-Tupolev_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pesawat Sipil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-116 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tu-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-354</a></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pesawat Militer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-20/Tu-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M/Tu-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-28/Tu-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tu-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pesawat tak berawak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-121" title="Tupolev Tu-121">Tu-121C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-123" title="Tupolev Tu-123">Tu-123</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-139&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-139 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-139</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-130 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-131 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-131 SAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-141" title="Tupolev Tu-141">Tu-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143#Tu-243" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143#Tu-300" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-300</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pesawat uji coba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-10 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">Tu-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-70" title="Tupolev Tu-70">Tu-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-72</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-73 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-73</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-74 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-75" title="Tupolev Tu-75">Tu-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-80" title="Tupolev Tu-80">Tu-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">Tu-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">Tu-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-91" title="Tupolev Tu-91">Tu-91</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-93 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-98" title="Tupolev Tu-98">Tu-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-107" title="Tupolev Tu-107">Tu-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL" title="Tupolev Tu-95LAL">Tu-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-125" title="Tupolev Tu-125">Tu-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-216</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diusulkan, dibatalkan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-17 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-17/TSh-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-7" title="Tupolev ANT-7">ANT-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-26/TB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-28</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-30 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-30/SK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-53&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-53 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-53</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-72 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-72 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-72 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_%2773%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev '73' (halaman belum tersedia)">'73'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-74 (halaman belum tersedia)">'74'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_%2773%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev '73' (halaman belum tersedia)">'78'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_%2773%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev '73' (halaman belum tersedia)">'79'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">'86'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-16">'90'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">'93'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_%27102%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev '102' (halaman belum tersedia)">'101'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_%27102%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev '102' (halaman belum tersedia)">'102'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL" title="Tupolev Tu-95LAL">Tu-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-125" title="Tupolev Tu-125">Tu-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-127</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-135 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-216 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-230&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-230 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-244" title="Tupolev Tu-244">Tu-244</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-300 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_Ecojet" title="Frigate Ecojet">Tu-304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-324" title="Tupolev Tu-324">Tu-324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-338</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-344 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-344</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-360 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-360</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-404&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-404 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-324" title="Tupolev Tu-324">Tu-414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-444" title="Tupolev Tu-444">Tu-444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2000" title="Tupolev Tu-2000">Tu-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_Ecojet" title="Frigate Ecojet">Frigate Ecojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_PAK_DA" title="Tupolev PAK DA">PAK DA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Voron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Voron (halaman belum tersedia)">Voron</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-1" title="Tupolev ANT-1">ANT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-2" title="Tupolev ANT-2">ANT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-3" title="Tupolev ANT-3">ANT-3/R-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-1" title="Tupolev TB-1">ANT-4/TB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-4" title="Tupolev I-4">ANT-5/I-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-3" title="Tupolev TB-3">ANT-6/TB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-7" title="Tupolev ANT-7">ANT-7/R-6/KR-6/MR-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-8" title="Tupolev ANT-8">ANT-8/MDR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-9" title="Tupolev ANT-9">ANT-9/PS-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-10" title="Tupolev ANT-10">ANT-10/R-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-11 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-11/MTBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">ANT-12/I-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-8" title="Tupolev I-8">ANT-13/I-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-14" title="Tupolev ANT-14">ANT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-16" title="Tupolev ANT-16">ANT-16/TB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-17 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-17/TSh-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">ANT-20/PS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-21" title="Tupolev ANT-21">ANT-21/MI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-22" title="Tupolev ANT-22">ANT-22/MK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-12" title="Tupolev I-12">ANT-23/I-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25/RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-26/ANT-28/TB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-1" title="Tupolev MTB-1">ANT-27/MDR-4/MTB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-29" title="Tupolev ANT-29">ANT-29/DIP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-30 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-30/SK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-14" title="Tupolev I-14">ANT-31/I-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-35" title="Tupolev ANT-35">ANT-35/PS-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_DB-1" title="Tupolev DB-1">ANT-36/DB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-37" title="Tupolev ANT-37">ANT-37/DB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-40/SB/PS-40/PS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-41" title="Tupolev ANT-41">ANT-41/T-1/LK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-8" title="Petlyakov Pe-8">ANT-42/TB-7/Pe-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-43 (halaman belum tersedia)">ANT-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-2" title="Tupolev MTB-2">ANT-44/MTB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-46/DI-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-2" title="Sukhoi Su-2">ANT-51/BB-1/Su-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">ANT-58/FB/Tu-2</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Situs web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/English/">Tupolev.ru</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Aircraft_Corporation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Templat:United Aircraft Corporation"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:United_Aircraft_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:United Aircraft Corporation (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:United_Aircraft_Corporation&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Aircraft_Corporation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United Aircraft Corporation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Beriev" title="Beriev">Beriev (OKB-49)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin" title="Ilyushin">Ilyushin (OKB-39)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Irkut_Corporation" title="Irkut Corporation">Irkut</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan" title="Mikoyan">Mikoyan (OKB-155)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi" title="Sukhoi">Sukhoi (OKB-51)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=TAPO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TAPO (halaman belum tersedia)">TAPO</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tupolev (OKB-156)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yakovlev" title="Yakovlev">Yakovlev (OKB-115)</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&oldid=25698439">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&oldid=25698439</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pesawat_terbang_Tupolev" title="Kategori:Pesawat terbang Tupolev">Pesawat terbang Tupolev</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tupolev" title="Kategori:Tupolev">Tupolev</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perusahaan_dirgantara" title="Kategori:Perusahaan dirgantara">Perusahaan dirgantara</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Perusahaan_yang_berpusat_di_Moskow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Perusahaan yang berpusat di Moskow (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan yang berpusat di Moskow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perusahaan_yang_didirikan_tahun_1922" title="Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1922">Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1922</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Rusia" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Rusia">Artikel mengandung aksara Rusia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pranala_kategori_Commons_dari_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Pranala kategori Commons dari Wikidata">Pranala kategori Commons dari Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 9 Mei 2024, pukul 12.16.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Ketentuan Penggunaan</a> untuk rincian lebih lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Kebijakan privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tentang">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penyangkalan_umum">Penyangkalan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kode Etik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pengembang</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/id.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Pernyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Tampilan seluler</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-pf6t7","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.323","walltime":"0.418","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2032,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":42893,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1436,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":16426,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 319.982 1 -total"," 37.31% 119.381 1 Templat:Infobox_Company"," 34.63% 110.804 1 Templat:Infobox"," 25.88% 82.816 39 Templat:If_then_show"," 24.06% 76.997 2 Templat:Navbox"," 23.55% 75.352 1 Templat:Tupolev_aircraft"," 18.59% 59.488 1 Templat:Xarxes"," 17.98% 57.525 1 Templat:Commonscat"," 16.94% 54.193 1 Templat:Sister_project"," 16.26% 52.021 1 Templat:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.160","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2912997,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ps8jv","timestamp":"20241122035219","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tupolev","url":"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q194009","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q194009","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Kontributor dari proyek Wikimedia."},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-09-19T13:42:56Z","dateModified":"2024-05-09T12:16:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/28\/Tupolev_Headquarters_just_outside_Moscow.jpg","headline":"perusahaan asal Rusia"}</script> </body> </html>