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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa Indonesia/Bunyi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 1 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia/Bunyi" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Bunyi – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Indonesia/Bunyi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_Indonesia%2FBunyi"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bahasa+Indonesia%2FBunyi"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bahasa_Indonesia%2FBunyi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Bunyi&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikibuku</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Bahasa Indonesia</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p><b>Bunyi bahasa</b> merupakan bunyi, yang merupakan perwujudan dari setiap bahasa, yang dihasilkan oleh alat ucapan manusia yang berperanan di dalam bahasa. Bunyi bahasa adalah bunyi yang menjadi perhatian para ahli bahasa. Bunyi bahasa ini merupakan saranan komunikasi melalui bahasa dengan cara lisan. Dalam pembentukan bunyi bahasa terdapat tiga faktor utama yang terlibat, iaitu (1) sumber tenaga, (2) alat ucapan penghasil getaran, dan (3) rongga pengubah getaran. </p><p>Beberapa konsep yang perlu diketahui adalah: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">Vokal</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan (laman tidak wujud)">konsonan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diftong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diftong (laman tidak wujud)">Diftong</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugus_konsonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugus konsonan (laman tidak wujud)">gugus konsonan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonem (laman tidak wujud)">Fonem</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafem (laman tidak wujud)">grafem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonotaktik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonotaktik (laman tidak wujud)">Fonotaktik</a></li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vokal_dan_konsonan">Vokal dan konsonan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Bunyi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Vokal dan konsonan"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berdasarkan ada tidaknya rintangan terhadap arus udara, bunyi bahasa dapat dibezakan menjadi dua kelompok: <b>vokal</b> dan <b>konsonan</b>. </p><p><b>Vokal</b> ialah bunyi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa</a> yang arus udaranya tidak mengalami rintangan dan kualitinya ditentukan oleh tiga faktor: </p> <ul><li>tinggi-rendahnya tempat lidah (tinggi, sedang, rendah)</li> <li>bahagian <a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/lidah" class="extiw" title="wikt:lidah">lidah</a> yang dinaikkan (depan, tengah, belakang)</li> <li>bentuk <a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/bibir" class="extiw" title="wikt:bibir">bibir</a> pada pembentukan vokal itu (sederhana, bundar, lebar/terentang)</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan (laman tidak wujud)">Konsonan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diftong_dan_gugus">Diftong dan gugus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Bunyi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Diftong dan gugus"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Diftong</b> berhubungan dengan <b>vokal</b>, sedangkan <b>gugus</b> berhubungan dengan <b>konsonan</b>. </p> <ul><li><b>Diftong</b> merupakan gabungan vokal dengan /w/ atau /y/, contohnya /aw/ pada /kalaw/ dan /baŋau/ (untuk kata "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/kalau" class="extiw" title="wikt:kalau">kalau</a>" dan "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/bangau" class="extiw" title="wikt:bangau">bangau</a>"), tetapi bukan /au/ pada /mau/ dan /bau/.</li> <li><b>Gugus</b> adalah gabungan dua konsonan, atau lebih, yang termasuk dalam satu suku kata yang sama. /kl/ dan /br/ (seperti dalam "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/klinik" class="extiw" title="wikt:klinik">klinik</a>" dan "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/obral" class="extiw" title="wikt:obral">obral</a>") adalah gugus, sedangkan /mp/ dan /rc/ (seperti dalam "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/tampak" class="extiw" title="wikt:tampak">tampak</a>", "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/timpa" class="extiw" title="wikt:timpa">timpa</a>", "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/arca" class="extiw" title="wikt:arca">arca</a>", dan "<a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/percaya" class="extiw" title="wikt:percaya">percaya</a>") bukanlah gugus dalam bahasa Indonesia.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diftong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diftong (laman tidak wujud)">Diftong</a> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugus_konsonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugus konsonan (laman tidak wujud)">Gugus konsonan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonem_dan_grafem">Fonem dan grafem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Bunyi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Fonem dan grafem"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonem (laman tidak wujud)">Fonem</a> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafem (laman tidak wujud)">Grafem</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonotaktik">Fonotaktik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Bunyi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Fonotaktik"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonotaktik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonotaktik (laman tidak wujud)">Fonotaktik</a> </p> <div style="margin-top:20px; border:solid 1px #ccc; background:#fefefe; padding:0px 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Bahasa Indonesia</a></b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bunyi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia/Aksara" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Aksara">Aksara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata">Kata</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Ayat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Ayat (laman tidak wujud)">Ayat</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Wacana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Wacana (laman tidak wujud)">Wacana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Rujukan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Rujukan (laman tidak wujud)">Rujukan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Ketidaktekalan_KBBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Ketidaktekalan KBBI (laman tidak wujud)">Ketidaktekalan KBBI</a><br /> <b>Kelas Kata:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata_kerja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata kerja (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Indonesia/Kata kerja</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata_sifat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata sifat (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Indonesia/Kata sifat</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata_keterangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata keterangan (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Indonesia/Kata keterangan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata_nama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata nama (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Indonesia/Kata nama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata_ganti" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata ganti">Bahasa Indonesia/Kata ganti</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata_bilangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata bilangan (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Indonesia/Kata bilangan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Kata_tugas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Kata tugas (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Indonesia/Kata tugas</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Preposisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Indonesia/Preposisi (laman tidak wujud)">Preposisi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Indonesia/Konjungsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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