¿Somos una persona distinta cuando hablamos otro idioma?

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media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/57968578/Thumbnail-128x128/UPV-EHU-fin-voto-delegado_01.jpg?t=1732176756002" /><source media="(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/57968578/Preview-1000x0/UPV-EHU-fin-voto-delegado_01.jpg?t=1732176756002" /><img alt=" " src="https://www.ehu.eus/documents/10136/57478165/UPV-EHU-fin-voto-delegado_01.jpg/9821c013-d222-ff10-d150-45db11d1420c?t=1732176756002" /></picture> <figcaption> <p class="card-title"><strong>Empiezan a llenarse las urnas</strong></p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> </li> </ul>   </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9 portlet-column portlet-column-last" id="column-2"> <div class="portlet-dropzone portlet-column-content portlet-column-content-last" id="layout-column_column-2"> <div class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-borderless 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class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-angle-left" role="presentation" viewBox="0 0 512 512" ><use xlink:href="https://www.ehu.eus/o/upv-ehu-campusa-theme/images/clay/icons.svg#angle-left" /></svg></a> </p> </div> <span class="asset-anchor lfr-asset-anchor" id="57662349"></span> <div class="asset-content mb-3"> <div class="journal-content-article " data-analytics-asset-id="57662343" data-analytics-asset-title="¿Somos una persona distinta cuando hablamos otro idioma?" data-analytics-asset-type="web-content"> <article class="new"> <div class="content-header"> <p class="pretitle">Mari Mar Boillos Pereira</p> <h1 class="new-title">¿Somos una persona distinta cuando hablamos otro idioma?</h1> <p class="subtitle">Profesora del Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura</p> </div> <div class="content-content"> <div class="campusa-category"><ul><li><span class="c008ac1">Cathedra</span></li></ul></div> <p class="publication_date"> <strong class="text"> Fecha de primera publicación:</strong> <span class="date">11/11/2024</span> </p> <a href="https://www.freepik.es/foto-gratis/arreglo-diferentes-sentimientos_12558435.htm" target="_blank"> <span class="sr-only">(Abre una nueva ventana)</span> <figure class=""> <picture data-fileentryid="57662033"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/57662033/Thumbnail-128x128/estados-animo-idioma_web.jpg?t=1731312181224" /><source media="(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/57662033/Preview-1000x0/estados-animo-idioma_web.jpg?t=1731312181224" /><img class="img-main" src="https://www.ehu.eus/documents/10136/57475282/estados-animo-idioma_web.jpg/fa5c4e6f-e070-54eb-3ce0-c0e7efbf27de?t=1731312181224" alt=" " /></picture> </figure> </a> <div class="description"> <p><strong>Este artículo se encuentra publicado originalmente en <a href="https://theconversation.com/somos-una-persona-distinta-cuando-hablamos-otro-idioma-237793">The Conversation</a>.</strong></p> <p>¿Alguna vez se ha preguntado cómo influye el idioma que hablamos en nuestras emociones y en la forma en que percibimos la realidad? Según <a href="https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853598746">diversos estudios</a> en psicolingüística, psicología cognitiva y antropología lingüística, las lenguas que utilizamos no solo nos permiten comunicarnos, sino que también moldean nuestra percepción del mundo y de nosotros mismos.</p> <p>En la actualidad, más de la mitad de la población mundial utiliza <a href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674066137">dos o más lenguas</a> en su vida cotidiana. Ya sea por motivos de educación, inmigración o antecedentes familiares, el bilingüismo y el multilingüismo son fenómenos cada vez más comunes en nuestra sociedad globalizada.</p> <p>¿Cómo afecta conocer dos o más lenguas a la manera en que procesamos las emociones? Investigaciones recientes apuntan a que cada lengua puede hacer a los hablantes <a href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674066137">percibir la realidad de maneras diferentes</a>. Incluso, estos pueden sentir que <a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-92396-3">ellos mismos cambian</a> al alternar la lengua que emplean.</p> <p>Otros <a href="https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853598746">estudios</a> han demostrado que los individuos bilingües pueden comportarse de manera diferente dependiendo de qué lengua estén usando; también son percibidos de manera diferente por sus interlocutores según la lengua que utilicen.</p> <h3>El peso de las emociones en las lenguas</h3> <p>Los hablantes bilingües procesan las palabras que definen o describen emociones <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728908003295">de forma diferente</a> en su lengua materna (o aquella que aprende el ser humano desde la infancia y que funciona como su instrumento de pensamiento y comunicación) y en su segunda lengua o meta (lengua que ha sido objetivo de un aprendizaje, en un contexto formal o natural). La lengua materna suele tener una ventaja emocional sobre la segunda lengua: los hablantes bilingües sienten una mayor intensidad emocional cuando usan la lengua materna, especialmente al recordar experiencias vividas en ese idioma.</p> <p>Por ejemplo, algunos <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2004.04.003">estudios</a> han demostrado que, al revivir recuerdos de la infancia, las personas los describen con más detalle y emoción si lo hacen en su lengua materna, ya que fue la lengua en la que etiquetaron esas experiencias. En contraste, la segunda lengua puede facilitar cierta distancia emocional, lo que permite a los hablantes reducir la ansiedad o el pudor al comunicarse en situaciones complejas, como pueden ser aquellas que impliquen la expresión de enojo o de disculpa. Dicho de otro modo, perciben la lengua materna como una lengua más rica emocionalmente, mientras que ven la segunda lengua como más práctica, pero menos expresiva. Como consecuencia de ello, la expresión emocional en lengua materna se percibe más intensamente independientemente que la emoción sea positiva o negativa.</p> <h3>¿Soy la misma persona?</h3> <p>La elección de la lengua en la que se comunican los bilingües no solo afecta a la intensidad emocional, sino también a la forma en que las personas se perciben a sí mismas y a los demás. Usar uno u otro idioma puede influir en la construcción del discurso y revelar aspectos culturales y sociales propios de las comunidades lingüísticas a las que pertenecen.</p> <p>En <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006910379262">un estudio</a> realizado con hablantes bilingües chino-inglés en EE. UU., los participantes indicaron que se sentían más cómodos al expresar sus emociones en inglés (su segunda lengua) debido a las menores restricciones sociales, pero experimentaban una mayor intensidad emocional en mandarín (su lengua materna).</p> <p>Así, la segunda lengua puede ofrecer algunas ventajas en contextos donde los hablantes prefieren mantener distancia emocional, tanto por cuestiones personales como socioculturales. Al expresar emociones en una lengua menos emocionalmente conectada las personas pueden reducir sentimientos de vergüenza, ansiedad o implicación personal. Especialmente cuando hablamos una lengua materna que pertenece a una cultura en la que se da mayor valor a lo colectivo y hay menos tradición de compartir sentimientos.</p> <h3>Dominio del idioma y entorno en el que lo aprendimos</h3> <p>También influye mucho <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01434630408666528">el nivel de dominio</a> de la segunda lengua: los progenitores prefieren la lengua materna para expresar emociones cuando hablan con sus hijos –por ejemplo, para una reprimenda– si esta es la lengua que mejor dominan; sin embargo, si tienen una segunda lengua que también dominan, pueden optar por ella para contenido emocional.</p> <p>Asimismo, el entorno en el que se aprendió la segunda lengua puede ser determinante. En aquellos casos en los que el aprendizaje se ha producido en un contexto formal o académico en lugar de familiar, los hablantes reportan más ansiedad al comunicarse en público, a pesar de ser competentes.</p> <h3>Emoción, identidad y aprendizaje de lenguas</h3> <p>Nuestras experiencias de vida, la edad de adquisición de los idiomas y el contexto de uso influyen en cómo procesamos y expresamos nuestras emociones en diferentes lenguas. Comprender estas dinámicas no solo enriquece nuestro conocimiento sobre el lenguaje y la mente humana, sino que también nos ayuda a mejorar la comunicación intercultural y la comprensión emocional en un mundo cada vez más diverso y conectado.</p> <p>Las implicaciones para la enseñanza de segundas lenguas son también importantes. Que los estudiantes se sientan o no felices y satisfechos con la percepción que tienen de sí mismos en la lengua que están aprendiendo, es decir, con la identidad construida en esa lengua, será clave para saber si se sienten extraños o diferentes cuando hablan en esa lengua. El papel del enseñante será, en cualquier caso, contribuir a que el alumnado se sienta menos extraño en la lengua que está aprendiendo.</p> <p>La actitud hacia el idioma que se aprende es, por lo tanto, determinante: influye en cómo evaluamos nuestras experiencias con el idioma, lo que impacta en cómo afrontamos los retos, cómo nos vemos a nosotros mismos y cómo creemos que nos ven los demás. A mejor actitud, habrá también una mayor satisfacción en el proceso y una mejor conexión emocional con la lengua. El resultado será una identidad más sólida en el nuevo idioma y, por lo tanto, un aprendizaje más profundo y efectivo.</p> <p><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/237793/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important" width="1" /></p> </div> </div> <h2 class="social">Compartir</h2> </article> </div> </div> <hr class="separator" /> <div class="autofit-row autofit-float autofit-row-center asset-details"> <div class="autofit-col component-subtitle mr-3 print-action"> <div><button class="btn btn-monospaced btn-outline-borderless btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" type="button" aria-label="Imprimir ¿Somos una persona distinta cuando hablamos otro idioma?" ><span class="inline-item"><svg class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-print" role="presentation" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><use xlink:href="https://www.ehu.eus/o/upv-ehu-campusa-theme/images/clay/icons.svg#print" /></svg></span></button><div id="qjxw"></div></div> </div> <div class="autofit-col"> <div class="taglib-social-bookmarks" id="ykmt_column_2d_2_0_socialBookmarks"> <ul class="list-unstyled inline"> <li class="taglib-social-bookmark taglib-social-bookmark-facebook"> <div><a class="btn btn-outline-borderless btn-monospaced btn-sm btn-outline-secondary lfr-portal-tooltip" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehu.eus%2Fes%2F-%2F%25C2%25BFsomos-una-persona-distinta-cuando-hablamos-otro-idioma-" title="Facebook" aria-label="Facebook" ><svg class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-social-facebook" role="presentation" viewBox="0 0 512 512" ><use xlink:href="https://www.ehu.eus/o/upv-ehu-campusa-theme/images/clay/icons.svg#social-facebook" /></svg></a><div id="mrlp"></div></div> </li> <li class="taglib-social-bookmark taglib-social-bookmark-linkedin"> <div><a class="btn btn-outline-borderless btn-monospaced btn-sm btn-outline-secondary lfr-portal-tooltip" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?title=%C2%BFSomos+una+persona+distinta+cuando+hablamos+otro+idioma%3F&mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehu.eus%2Fes%2F-%2F%25C2%25BFsomos-una-persona-distinta-cuando-hablamos-otro-idioma-&summary=" title="LinkedIn" aria-label="LinkedIn" ><svg class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-social-linkedin" role="presentation" viewBox="0 0 512 512" ><use xlink:href="https://www.ehu.eus/o/upv-ehu-campusa-theme/images/clay/icons.svg#social-linkedin" /></svg></a><div id="xtff"></div></div> </li> <li class="taglib-social-bookmark taglib-social-bookmark-twitter"> <div><a class="btn btn-outline-borderless btn-monospaced btn-sm btn-outline-secondary lfr-portal-tooltip" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=%C2%BFSomos+una+persona+distinta+cuando+hablamos+otro+idioma%3F&tw_p=tweetbutton&url=https://www.ehu.eus/es/-/%C2%BFsomos-una-persona-distinta-cuando-hablamos-otro-idioma-" title="X" aria-label="X" ><svg class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-twitter" role="presentation" viewBox="0 0 512 512" ><use xlink:href="https://www.ehu.eus/o/upv-ehu-campusa-theme/images/clay/icons.svg#twitter" /></svg></a><div id="ndzs"></div></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form action="#" aria-hidden="true" class="hide" id="hrefFm" method="post" name="hrefFm"><span></span><button hidden type="submit">Oculto</button></form> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> </script><script> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ Liferay.currentURL = '\x2fes\x2f-\x2f\x25C2\x25BFsomos-una-persona-distinta-cuando-hablamos-otro-idioma-'; 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