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Cofeină - Wikipedia
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href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denumire_și_structură_chimică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denumire_și_structură_chimică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Denumire și structură chimică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denumire_și_structură_chimică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_fizice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Proprietăți fizice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utilizare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efecte_biologice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efecte_biologice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Efecte biologice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efecte_biologice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cofeină</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 92 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe%C3%AFen" title="Kafeïen – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kafeïen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафеін – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кафеін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафэін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кафэін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ক্যাফেইন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাফেইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافاین – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کافاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffein" title="Caffein – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caffein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Καφεΐνη – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καφεΐνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiin" title="Kofeiin – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kofeiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافئین – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کافئین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiini" title="Kofeiini – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kofeiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9ine" title="Caféine – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caféine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caif%C3%A9in" title="Caiféin – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caiféin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קפאין – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפאין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="कैफ़ीन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैफ़ीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կոֆեին – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոֆեին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koff%C3%ADn" title="Koffín – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Koffín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="カフェイン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カフェイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კოფეინი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოფეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೆಫೀನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಫೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="카페인 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카페인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinum" title="Caffeinum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caffeinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinna" title="Caffeinna – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Caffeinna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeinas" title="Kofeinas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kofeinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C4%ABns" title="Kofeīns – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kofeīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeinina" title="Kafeinina – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kafeinina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကေဖိန်း – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကေဖိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्याफिन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्याफिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFne" title="Cafeïne – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cafeïne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeina" title="Kofeina – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kofeina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوفین – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوفین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C3%ADn" title="Kofeín – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kofeín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeni" title="Kafeni – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kafeni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeini" title="Kafeini – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kafeini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="காஃவீன் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஃவீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కెఫిన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెఫిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กาเฟอีน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาเฟอีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapeina" title="Kapeina – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapeina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%BD" title="Кофеїн – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кофеїн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafein" title="Cafein – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cafein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קאפעין – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאפעין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#cccccc;color:#000000;">Cofeină</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg/300px-Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg/450px-Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg/600px-Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="181" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Caffeine_(1)_3D_ball.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png/300px-Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png/450px-Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png/600px-Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Caffeine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/300px-Caffeine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/450px-Caffeine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/600px-Caffeine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1164" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:#000000;">Denumiri</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">Nume IUPAC</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1,3,7-trimetil-3,7-dihidro<br />-2H-purin-2,6-dionă</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:#000000;">Identificare</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS">Număr CAS</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">58-08-2</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2519<sup id="cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation 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class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235#P233" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/InChI" class="mw-redirect" title="InChI">InChI</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="NavHead" align="left" style="width:96%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000)"></div><div class="NavContent" style="word-break:break-word;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">InChI=InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3<sup id="cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235#P234" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:#000000;">Date chimice</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Formulă</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span class="FormChim">C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Masă molară</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">194,19 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:#000000;">Date fizice</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Densitate</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1,23 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Punct de topire</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">238 °C</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Punct de fierbere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">de la 178 °C sublimare</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:#000000;">Pericol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hazard_X.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="X : Nociv"><img alt="X : Nociv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/40px-Hazard_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/60px-Hazard_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hazard_X.svg/80px-Hazard_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <span title="Nociv">Nociv, </span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##cccccc solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235" class="extiw" title="d:Q60235">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Medicament" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Cofeina</b> (anterior <i>cafeină</i>) este un <a href="/wiki/Alcaloid" title="Alcaloid">alcaloid</a> din grupa <a href="/wiki/Purin%C4%83" title="Purină">purinelor</a>, care se se găsește în <a href="/wiki/Cafea" title="Cafea">cafea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceai" title="Ceai">ceai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mate" title="Mate">mate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guarana" title="Guarana">guarana</a> și <a href="/wiki/Cacao" title="Cacao">cacao</a>. Este unul dintre cei mai vechi stimulanți naturali folosiți de om. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Caffeine-3D-QuteMol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Caffeine-3D-QuteMol.png/200px-Caffeine-3D-QuteMol.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Caffeine-3D-QuteMol.png/300px-Caffeine-3D-QuteMol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Caffeine-3D-QuteMol.png/400px-Caffeine-3D-QuteMol.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Model spațial al moleculei de cofeină</figcaption></figure> <p>În <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>, la solicitarea lui <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>, farmacistul german Friedlieb Ferdinand Rungef izolează cofeină pură din boabele de cafea. În 1821, independent de Runge, farmaciștii francezi Pierre Joseph Pelletier, Joseph Bienaimé Caventou și Pierre Robiquet reușesc de asemenea să izoleze cofeina. <br />În anul 1832 Pfaff și <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a> descoperă formula chimică a cofeinei (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) Formula structurală va fi descoperită în 1895 de Hermann Emil Fischer. Mecanismul de acțiune al cofeinei a fost studiat în secolul XX. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denumire_și_structură_chimică"><span id="Denumire_.C8.99i_structur.C4.83_chimic.C4.83"></span>Denumire și structură chimică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Denumire și structură chimică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Denumire și structură chimică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numele de cofeină provine de la cafea, din care a fost izolată pentru prima oară substanța. După nomenclatura IUPAC, denumirea cofeinei este 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-purindiona sau, pe scurt, 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthina. Cofeina face parte din grupul purinelor, ca și <a href="/wiki/Teofilin%C4%83" title="Teofilină">teofilina</a> și <a href="/wiki/Teobromin%C4%83" title="Teobromină">teobromina</a>. Structura cofeinei constă dintr-un inel dublu, care la exterior are o serie de substituenți, în centru fiind nucleul purinic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți_fizice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_fizice"></span>Proprietăți fizice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți fizice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cofeina pură se prezintă sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal">cristale</a> prismatice hexagonale incolore, inodore cu gust amar. </p><p><b>Raportul de solubilitate a cofeinei în:</b> </p> <ul><li>apă la temperatură normală: 21,74 g/l</li> <li>apă la temperatura de 80°C: 181,82 g/l</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a> la temperatură normală: 15,15 g/l</li> <li>etanol la temperatura de 60°C: 45,45 g/l</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceton%C4%83" title="Acetonă">acetonă</a>: 20,00 g/l</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloroform" title="Cloroform">cloroform</a>: 181,82 g/l</li></ul> <p>Derivații <a href="/wiki/Xantin%C4%83" title="Xantină">xantinei</a>, clasificați ca alcaloizi de natură vegetală (din care face parte și cofeina), sunt considerați baze slabe, deoarece <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomii</a> de <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azot</a> pot accepta <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoni</a>. Cu toate acestea, derivații xantinei sub formă de soluție nu sunt alcalini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizare">Utilizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cofeina este larg utilizată în alimentație, prin consumul de <a href="/wiki/Cafea" title="Cafea">cafea</a>. </p> <ul><li>o ceașcă de cafea (150 ml) conține între 30 – 100 mg de cofeină.</li> <li>o ceașcă de cafea espresso (30 ml) conține cca. 40 mg de cofeină</li> <li>o ceașcă de cacao conține 6 mg de cofeină.</li> <li>ciocolata conține cofeină între 15 – 90 mg/100 g.</li> <li>o doză de energizant(250 ml) conține între 75 si 80 mg de cofeină</li> <li>o doză de Cola (330 ml)conține între 30 si 40 mg de cofeină.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efecte_biologice">Efecte biologice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Efecte biologice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Efecte biologice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cofeina acționează ca: </p> <ul><li>stimulant al <a href="/wiki/SNC" class="mw-disambig" title="SNC">SNC</a></li> <li>creșterea pulsului și tensiunii arteriale</li> <li>dilatator bronhial</li> <li>diuretic</li> <li>stimulant al peristaltismului intestinal.</li></ul> <p>Efectul cofeinei depinde de o serie de factori cum ar fi: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2rst%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Vârstă">vârsta</a>, obiceiul de a consuma, <a href="/wiki/Tutun" title="Tutun">tutunul</a>, viteza de eliminare a <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organismului</a> etc. Procesul de eliminare a cofeinei poate fi mai rapid la unele persoane ce beau mai multă cafea față de cele care consumă ocazional. </p><p>Sensibilitatea individuală la cofeină are un rol important. Unele persoane excesiv consumatoare, care se opresc brusc din consumul cafelei, pot prezenta manifestări de dez<a href="/wiki/Intoxica%C8%9Bie" title="Intoxicație">intoxicare</a> sub forma unor ușoare dureri de cap. Aceste simptome sunt limitate în timp și pot fi prevenite prin consumarea de <a href="/wiki/Cafea#cafea_decafeinizată" title="Cafea">cafea decofeinizată</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4bfa28a4ff819f776e3634bdbe509c0c_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2519">„cofeină”</a>, <i>caffeine</i> (în engleză), <a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-11-19">19 noiembrie 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=cofein%C4%83&rft.btitle=caffeine&rft.pub=PubChem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fcompound%2F2519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACofein%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2882090c33b5f77bb41289659ea5c43f-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2882090c33b5f77bb41289659ea5c43f_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2882090c33b5f77bb41289659ea5c43f_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/"><i>Caffeine</i></a> (în engleză), ChemSpider<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-11-19">19 noiembrie 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caffeine&rft.pub=ChemSpider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemspider.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACofein%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2062f804ee795deef906363603e8da33-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2062f804ee795deef906363603e8da33_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2062f804ee795deef906363603e8da33_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/industry/fda-data-standards-advisory-board/fdas-global-substance-registration-system"><i>caffeine</i></a> (în engleză), <span lang="en">Global Substance Registration System</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-11-19">19 noiembrie 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=caffeine&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EGlobal+Substance+Registration+System%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Findustry%2Ffda-data-standards-advisory-board%2Ffdas-global-substance-registration-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACofein%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-458f7b78c789aabf8a4e889902c6b124-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-458f7b78c789aabf8a4e889902c6b124_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-458f7b78c789aabf8a4e889902c6b124_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi"><i>caffeine</i></a> (în engleză), ChEBI<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-10-19">19 octombrie 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=caffeine&rft.pub=ChEBI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fchebi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACofein%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ad747979e6b2ddbe914dc8b63e7b01e9-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ad747979e6b2ddbe914dc8b63e7b01e9_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ad747979e6b2ddbe914dc8b63e7b01e9_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/"><i>CAFFEINE</i></a> (în engleză), ChEMBL<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-11-19">19 noiembrie 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CAFFEINE&rft.pub=ChEMBL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fchembl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACofein%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-442c1d56a8b0ee3b949531ee923b4615-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-442c1d56a8b0ee3b949531ee923b4615_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-442c1d56a8b0ee3b949531ee923b4615_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.com/"><i>Caffeine</i></a> (în engleză), DrugBank, <time datetime="2015-11-17">17 noiembrie 2015</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caffeine&rft.pub=DrugBank&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugbank.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACofein%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/20806590/Totul-despre-cafea">Totul despre cafea</a> document Scribd</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofein%C4%83&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> DEX online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=cafeina"><i>Cofeină</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=cofeina"><i>Cofeină</i></a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doctorulzilei.ro/cinci-lucruri-interesante-si-mai-putin-cunoscute-despre-cofeina/">Cinci lucruri interesante și mai puțin cunoscute despre cofeină</a>, 28 august 2013, <i>Doctorul zilei</i></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientia.ro/biologie/37-cum-functioneaza-corpul-omenesc/5228-efectele-reale-ale-cafeinei-asupra-creierului.html">Efectele cofeinei asupra creierului</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div align="center"> <table id="toc" align="center" style="margin: 0 1em 0 1em; color: #8888aa"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" style="color: grey; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Xantin%C4%83" title="Xantină">Alcaloizi xantinici</a> <small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Alcaloizi_xantinici&action=edit">editează</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: small"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cofeină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teofilin%C4%83" title="Teofilină">Teofilină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teobromin%C4%83" title="Teobromină">Teobromină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aminofilin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aminofilină — pagină inexistentă">Aminofilină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pentoxifilin%C4%83" title="Pentoxifilină">Pentoxifilină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraxantin%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraxantină — pagină inexistentă">Paraxantină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBMX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBMX — pagină inexistentă">IBMX</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12080052b">cb12080052b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12080052b">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010359-6">4010359-6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85018686">sh85018686</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564463">00564463</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph318951&CON_LNG=ENG">ph318951</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" 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