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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wireless Markup Language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A" title="لغة ترميز اللاسلكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة ترميز اللاسلكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiil-m%C3%A4rgistuskeel" title="Mobiil-märgistuskeel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mobiil-märgistuskeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/WML" title="WML – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="WML" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%84%A0_%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC%EC%97%85_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="무선 마크업 언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무선 마크업 언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Markup_Nirkabel" title="Bahasa Markup Nirkabel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Markup Nirkabel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/WML" title="WML – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="WML" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezvadu_p%C4%81rraides_iez%C4%ABm%C4%93%C5%A1anas_valoda" title="Bezvadu pārraides iezīmēšanas valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bezvadu pārraides iezīmēšanas valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/WML" title="WML – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="WML" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/WML" title="WML – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="WML" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/WML" title="WML – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="WML" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WML" title="WML – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="WML" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Markup_Language" title="Wireless Markup Language – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wireless Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/WML" title="WML – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="WML" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="無線標記語言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="無線標記語言" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Markup language for WAP pages</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Wireless Markup Language</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">WML</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">obsolete</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">1998<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1998</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WAP_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="WAP Forum">WAP Forum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li><li>TTML</li><li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wireless Markup Language</b> (WML), based on <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, is an obsolete <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> intended for devices that implement the <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">Wireless Application Protocol</a> (WAP) specification, such as <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phones">mobile phones</a>. It provides navigational support, data input, hyperlinks, text and image presentation, and forms, much like <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> (Hypertext Markup Language). It preceded the use of other markup languages used with WAP, such as <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> and HTML itself, which achieved dominance as processing power in mobile devices increased. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="WML_history">WML history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wireless_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: WML history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg/290px-Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg/435px-Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg/580px-Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of mobile web standards</figcaption></figure> <p>Building on Openwave's <a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a>, Nokia's "Tagged Text Markup Language" (TTML) and Ericsson's proprietary markup language for mobile content, the <a href="/wiki/WAP_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="WAP Forum">WAP Forum</a> created the WML 1.1 standard in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WML 2.0 was specified in 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has not been widely adopted. It was an attempt at bridging WML and <a href="/wiki/XHTML_Basic" title="XHTML Basic">XHTML Basic</a> before the <a href="/wiki/WAP_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="WAP 2.0">WAP 2.0</a> spec was finalized.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, <a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML Mobile Profile</a> became the markup language used in WAP 2.0. The newest WML version in active use is 1.3. </p><p>The first company to launch a public WML site was Dutch <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> network operator <a href="/wiki/Telfort" title="Telfort">Telfort</a> in October 1999 and the first company in the world to launch the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_7110" title="Nokia 7110">Nokia 7110</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Telfort" title="Telfort">Telfort</a> WML site was created and developed as side project to test the device's capabilities by a billing engineer called Christopher Bee and National Deployment Manager, Euan McLeod. The WML site consists of four pages in both Dutch and English that contained many grammatical errors in Dutch as the two developers were unaware the WML was configured on the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_7110" title="Nokia 7110">Nokia 7110</a> as the home page and neither were native Dutch speakers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="WML_markup">WML markup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wireless_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: WML markup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WML documents are XML documents that validate against the WML DTD (<a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Definition">Document Type Definition</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . The W3C Markup Validation service (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://validator.w3.org/">http://validator.w3.org/</a>) can be used to validate WML documents (they are validated against their declared document type). </p><p>For example, the following WML page could be saved as "example.wml": </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"</span> <span class="cp"> "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml" ></span> <span class="nt"><wml></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><head></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><meta</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">http-equiv=</span><span class="s">"Content-Type"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">content=</span><span class="s">"text/html; charset=UTF-8"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></head></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><card</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"main"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">"First Card"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">mode=</span><span class="s">"wrap"</span><span class="nt">></span>This<span class="w"> </span>is<span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span>sample<span class="w"> </span>WML<span class="w"> </span>page.<span class="nt"></p></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></card></span> <span class="nt"></wml></span> </pre></div> <p>A WML document is known as a "deck". Data in the deck is structured into one or more "cards" (pages), each of which represents a single interaction with the user. </p><p>WML decks are stored on an ordinary <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> configured to serve the text/vnd.wap.wml <a href="/wiki/MIME_type" class="mw-redirect" title="MIME type">MIME type</a> in addition to plain HTML and variants. The WML cards when requested by a device are accessed by a bridge (<a href="/wiki/WAP_gateway" title="WAP gateway">WAP gateway</a>), which sits between mobile devices and the World Wide Web, passing pages from one to the other much like a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxy</a>. The gateways send the WML pages on in a form suitable for mobile device reception (<a href="/wiki/WBXML" title="WBXML">WAP Binary XML</a>). This process is hidden from the phone, so it may access the page in the same way as a browser accesses <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, using a URL (for example, http://example.com/foo.wml). (Provided the mobile phone operator has not specifically locked the phone to prevent access of user-specified URLs.) </p><p>WML has a scaled-down set of procedural elements, which can be used by the author to control navigation to other cards. </p><p>Mobile devices are moving towards allowing more <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> and even standard HTML as processing power in handsets increases. These standards are concerned with formatting and presentation. They do not however address cell-phone or mobile device hardware interfacing in the same way as WML. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="WML_capability_in_desktop_browsers">WML capability in desktop browsers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wireless_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: WML capability in desktop browsers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wmlbrowser-text-decoration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wmlbrowser-text-decoration.png/250px-Wmlbrowser-text-decoration.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wmlbrowser-text-decoration.png/330px-Wmlbrowser-text-decoration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wmlbrowser-text-decoration.png/500px-Wmlbrowser-text-decoration.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of WMLBrowser on Mozilla Firefox</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Presto</a> layout engine (used by <a href="/wiki/Opera_(browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera (browser)">Opera</a> before its switch to <a href="/wiki/Blink_(layout_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blink (layout engine)">Blink</a>) understood WML natively. <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>-based browsers (<a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> (before version 57), <a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/MicroB" title="MicroB">MicroB</a>) could interpret WML through the WMLBrowser add-on. <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> can also interpret WML via two extensions: WML and FireMobileSimulator. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wireless_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol#Criticism" title="Wireless Application Protocol">Wireless Application Protocol § Criticism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wireless_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMLScript" title="WMLScript">WMLScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_browser" title="Mobile browser">Mobile browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_document_markup_languages" title="List of document markup languages">List of document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages" title="Comparison of document markup languages">Comparison of document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML Mobile Profile</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wireless_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inspiredbloggers.blogspot.com/2004/12/brief-history-of-wap_110252445307049372.html">The HCI blog: A brief History of WAP</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WAP Forum: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml20.dtd">"Wireless Markup Language (WML) 2.0 Document Type Definition"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Openwave Developer Network: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.openwave.com/dvl/support/documentation/guides_and_references/xhtml-mp_style_guide/chapter1.htm">"One quick note about WML 2.0"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WAP Forum: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd">"Wireless Markup Language (WML) 1.3 Document Type Definition"</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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